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Chapter 3: The Nature and Nurture of Behavior - Exam 1
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1. Start of Question Pool - "Chapter 1 Easy" - Randomly display 3 of these questions Edit Pool Delete Pool
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(1) 1-3. Who most clearly affirmed that the mind continues to exist after physical death? Points: 1 Socrates CORRECT ANSWER Aristotle Darwin Wundt Edit Delete
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(2) 1-3. Plato affirmed the importance of: Points: 1 replication. empiricism. innate ideas. random assignment. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(3) 1-3. Who suggested that animal spirits flow through the nerves so as to
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http://www.iowacconline.com/ec/exb/exb.learn?CourseID=2106526&47=747833&dt=6/7/2... 6/7/2005
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produce movements of the body? Points: 1 Plato Aristotle John Locke Ren Descartes CORRECT ANSWER Edit 5. MC Delete row
(4) 1-3. Who suggested that the mind at birth is a blank slate upon which experience writes? Points: 1 Charles Darwin Ren Descartes John Locke Plato Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(5) 1-3. The view that knowledge comes from experience and that science should rely on observation is called: Points: 1 functionalism. empiricism. CORRECT ANSWER rationalism. structuralism. Edit Delete
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(6) 1-3. Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of the mind? Points: 1 Aristotle John Locke Edward Titchener CORRECT ANSWER John Watson Edit Delete
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(7) 1-3. The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feeling is called: Points: 1 clinical psychology.
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introspection. spaced practice. naturalistic observation. Edit 9. MC Delete
CORRECT ANSWER
(8) 1-3. The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of: Points: 1 structuralism. CORRECT ANSWER replication. empiricism. behaviorism. Edit Delete
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(9) 1-3. William James was a prominent American: Points: 1 psychoanalyst. behaviorist. functionalist. CORRECT ANSWER structuralist. Edit Delete
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(10) 1-3. The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian: Points: 1 chemist. physician. CORRECT ANSWER theologian. politician. Edit Delete
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(11) 1-3. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of: Points: 1 conscious and unconscious mental activity. observable responses to the environment. behavior and mental processes. thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. maladaptive and adaptive behaviors. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(12) 1-3. Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily
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influenced by their genetic dispositions or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding: Points: 1 structuralism versus functionalism. evolution versus natural selection. observation versus introspection. nature versus nurture. Edit 14. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(13) 1-3. Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her AfricanAmerican and Asian-American friends result from biological or cultural influences. In this instance, Lissette is primarily concerned with the issue of: Points: 1 neuroscience versus cognition. nature versus nurture. behavior versus mental processes. structuralism versus functionalism. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(14) 1-3. The neuroscience perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by: Points: 1 environmental circumstances. blood chemistry. unconscious conflicts. subjective interpretations. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(15) 1-3. The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis row on: Points: 1 natural selection. brain chemistry. unconscious conflicts. CORRECT ANSWER learned behaviors. Edit Delete row
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(16) 1-3. Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses? Points: 1
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evolutionary neuroscience behavioral psychodynamic behavior genetics Edit 18. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(17) 1-3. The cognitive perspective in psychology emphasizes how: Points: 1 feelings are influenced by blood chemistry. people try to understand their own unconscious motives. behavior is influenced by environmental conditions. people encode, process, store, and retrieve information. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
19.
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(18) 1-3. The various theoretical perspectives employed by psychologists: Points: 1 have little value for applied research. typically contradict common sense. are generally impossible to test scientifically. often complement one another. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(19) 1-3. Dr. Robinson conducts basic research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent? Points: 1 social psychology clinical psychology biological psychology industrial/organizational psychology Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(20) 1-3. Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist. Points: 1 social
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clinical developmental industrial/organizational Edit 22. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(21) 1-3. Dr. Mills engages in basic research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. Which specialty area does his research best represent? Points: 1 cognitive psychology social psychology developmental psychology clinical psychology Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(22) 1-3. Which psychological specialists are most likely to be involved in applied research? Points: 1 industrial/organizational psychologists CORRECT ANSWER developmental psychologists personality psychologists biological psychologists Edit Delete
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(23) 1-3. Clinical psychologists are most likely to be involved in: Points: 1 assessing the linkages between biology and behavior. the experimental study of motivation and emotion. providing therapy to troubled people. the systematic study of how people are influenced by enduring personality traits. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(24) 1-3. The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a(n): Points: 1 clinical psychologist. industrial/organizational psychologist. developmental psychologist. psychiatrist. CORRECT ANSWER
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(25) 1-3. The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to: Points: 1 dismiss the value of replication. reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested. exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events. assume that correlation proves causation. overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
27.
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(26) 1-3. Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite result is an easy way to demonstrate the impact of: Points: 1 the placebo effect. illusory correlation. the hindsight bias. random sampling. the double-blind procedure. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(27) 1-3. Several weeks after a political election, voters often exaggerate their ability to have predicted the election outcome. This best illustrates: Points: 1 the placebo effect. random assignment. illusory correlation. the hindsight bias. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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row (28) 1-3. Mike Crampton's stockbroker has informed him of substantial investment losses. When Mike tells his wife, she angrily responds, "I could have told you that your investment plan would fail!" Her comment best illustrates: Points: 1 the hindsight bias. CORRECT ANSWER illusory correlation. the placebo effect. replication.
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(29) 1-3. Government experts who are convinced of the correctness of their own mistaken political predictions most clearly demonstrate: Points: 1 illusory correlation. replication. overconfidence. the placebo effect. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
31.
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(30) 1-3. Two fundamental characteristics of the scientific attitude are: Points: 1 pride and enthusiasm. ingenuity and practicality. creativity and patience. skepticism and humility. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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32.
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(31) 1-3. The scientific attitude requires an open-minded humility because it involves a willingness to: Points: 1 perceive order in random events. reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested. recognize the errors in our own theories. respect any religious beliefs that contradict our own. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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33.
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(32) 1-3. A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates: Points: 1 the placebo effect. critical thinking. CORRECT ANSWER the hindsight bias. overconfidence. illusory correlation. Edit Delete
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(33) 1-3. A hard-headed curiosity that questions truth claims and demands evidence most clearly
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facilitates: Points: 1 an illusion of control. hindsight bias. the placebo effect. critical thinking. overconfidence. Edit 35. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(34) 1-3. A hypothesis is a(n): Points: 1 observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables. testable prediction that gives direction to research. set of principles that organizes and explains newly discovered facts. unprovable assumption about the unobservable processes that underlie psychological functioning. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
36.
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(35) 1-3. The case study is a research method in which: Points: 1 a single individual is studied in great depth. a representative sample of people are questioned regarding their opinions or behaviors. organisms are carefully observed in a laboratory environment. an investigator manipulates one or more variables that might affect behavior. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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37.
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(36) 1-3. In which type of research is a representative sample of people asked to answer questions about their behaviors or opinions? Points: 1 experimentation the survey the case study naturalistic observation Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(37) 1-3. Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion?
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Points: 1 the survey naturalistic observation the case study experimentation Edit 39. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(38) 1-3. Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support "welfare" than "aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of: Points: 1 random sampling. wording effects. hindsight bias. the placebo effect. naturalistic observation. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(39) 1-3. People often fail to make accurate generalizations because they are unduly influenced by ________ cases. Points: 1 randomly selected vivid representative the most frequently occurring Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(40) 1-3. Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as: Points: 1 the survey. experimentation. naturalistic observation. CORRECT ANSWER the case study. random sampling. Edit Delete
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(41) 1-3. A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which changes in one factor are accompanied by changes in another is called a(n): Points: 1
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replication. independent variable. correlation coefficient. CORRECT ANSWER dependent variable. Edit 43. MC Delete row
(42) 1-3. Which of the following is a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together? Points: 1 correlation coefficient CORRECT ANSWER double-blind procedure operational definition random assignment Edit Delete
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MC
(43) 1-3. If those who watch a lot of violence are also particularly likely to behave aggressively, this would not necessarily indicate that watching violence influences aggressive behavior because: Points: 1 random sequences often don't look random. correlation does not prove causation. sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations. events often seem more probable in hindsight. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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MC
(44) 1-3. Illusory correlation refers to: Points: 1 the perception of a relationship between two variables that does not actually exist. a correlation that exceeds the value of +1.00. a cluster of points on a scatterplot that suggests a correlation between two variables. a correlation that is not statistically significant. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(45) 1-3. Our tendency to notice and remember instances in which a premonition of an unlikely phone call is actually followed by the call most clearly contributes to: Points: 1 random assignment. an illusory correlation. CORRECT ANSWER
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replication. the placebo effect. Edit 47. MC Delete row
(46) 1-3. Which of the following methods is most helpful for revealing causeeffect relationships? Points: 1 the survey the experiment correlational research naturalistic observation Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
48.
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(47) 1-3. In which type of research would an investigator manipulate one factor in order to observe its effect on some behavior or mental process? Points: 1 the survey the case study experimentation naturalistic observation Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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49.
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(48) 1-3. The most foolproof way of testing the true effectiveness of a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is by means of: Points: 1 survey research. case study research. naturalistic observation. correlational research. experimental research. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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(49) 1-3. Participants in an experiment are said to be "blind" if they are uninformed about: Points: 1 what experimental hypothesis is being tested. whether the experimental findings will be statistically significant. how the dependent variable is measured.
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which experimental treatment, if any, they are receiving. Edit 51. MC Delete
CORRECT ANSWER
(50) 1-3. An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a: Points: 1 placebo. median. case study. replication. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(51) 1-3. The relief of pain following the ingestion of an inert substance that is presumed to have medicinal benefits illustrates: Points: 1 random assignment. the hindsight bias. the false consensus effect. the placebo effect. illusory correlation. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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53.
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(52) 1-3. Both the researchers and the participants in a drug-evaluation study are ignorant about which participants have actually received an experimental drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of: Points: 1 naturalistic observation. the hindsight bias. random sampling. the double-blind procedure. CORRECT ANSWER replication. Edit Delete
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(53) 1-3. In the control condition of an experiment the: Points: 1 experimenter exerts the greatest influence on participants' behavior. research participants are exposed to all the different experimental treatments. research participants are exposed to the most favorable levels of experimental treatment.
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experimental treatment is absent. Edit 55. MC Delete
CORRECT ANSWER
(54) 1-3. Being randomly assigned to the experimental condition in a research project involves being assigned: Points: 1 to that condition by chance. to the condition in which participants are representative of people in general. in a fashion that ensures that the independent variable will have a strong effect on the dependent variable. to the condition in which participants are all very similar in personality characteristics. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(55) 1-3. In a psychological experiment, the potentially causal factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the ________ variable. Points: 1 dependent independent CORRECT ANSWER control experimental Edit Delete
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(56) 1-3. The SQ3R study method emphasizes the importance of: Points: 1 massed practice. rote memory. thinking critically. CORRECT ANSWER role modeling. Edit Delete
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End of Question Pool - "Chapter 1 Easy" Start of Question Pool - "Chapter 2 Easy" - Randomly display 3 of these questions
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60.
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(1) 4-6. Phrenology highlighted the presumed functions of:
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Points: 1 specific brain regions. neurotransmitters. hormones. the right side of the brain. Edit 61. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(2) 4-6. Dr. Wolski does research on the potential relationship between neurotransmitter deficiencies and mood states. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Wolski's research best represent? Points: 1 phrenology biological psychology CORRECT ANSWER psychoanalysis clinical psychology Edit Delete
62.
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(3) 4-6. Dendrites are branching extensions of: Points: 1 neurotransmitters. endorphins. neurons. endocrine glands. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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63.
MC
(4) 4-6. An axon is: Points: 1 a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system. a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons. an antagonist molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites. the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body. a junction between a sending and receiving neuron. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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64.
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(5) 4-6. The longest part of a motor neuron is likely to be the: Points: 1 dendrite.
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axon. cell body. synapse. Edit 65. MC
CORRECT ANSWER
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(6) 4-6. A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the: Points: 1 synapse. agonist. action potential. CORRECT ANSWER myelin sheath. refractory period. Edit Delete
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(7) 4-6. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n): Points: 1 association area. myelin sheath. CORRECT ANSWER endocrine gland. glial cell. synaptic vesicle. Edit Delete
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67.
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(8) 4-6. The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the: Points: 1 reflex. threshold. synapse. action potential. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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68.
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(9) 4-6. Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of: Points: 1 association areas. glial cells.
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synaptic gaps. interneurons. neural networks. Edit 69. MC Delete
CORRECT ANSWER
(10) 4-6. A synapse is a(n): Points: 1 chemical messenger that triggers muscle contractions. automatic response to sensory input. neural network. junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron. neural cable containing many axons. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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70.
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(11) 4-6. The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called: Points: 1 hormones. neurotransmitters. CORRECT ANSWER synapses. glial cells. Edit Delete
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71.
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(12) 4-6. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located in knoblike terminals on the: Points: 1 dendrites. cell body. axon. myelin sheath. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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72.
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(13) 4-6. Endorphins are: Points: 1 neurotransmitters. sex hormones. endocrine glands. morphine antagonists. CORRECT ANSWER
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(14) 4-6. The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems. Points: 1 autonomic sympathetic parasympathetic peripheral Edit CORRECT ANSWER
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74.
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(15) 4-6. The central nervous system consists of: Points: 1 sensory and motor neurons. somatic and autonomic subsystems. the brain and the spinal cord. sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
75.
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(16) 4-6. In order for you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, ________ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system. Points: 1 the limbic system interneurons the reticular formation motor neurons sensory neurons Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(17) 4-6. Information is carried from the central nervous system to the body's tissues by: Points: 1 interneurons. sensory neurons. motor neurons. CORRECT ANSWER the limbic system. Edit Delete
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(18) 4-6. Motor neurons transmit signals to:
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Points: 1 glands. interneurons. sensory neurons. all the above. Edit 78. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(19) 4-6. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls glandular activity and the muscles of internal organs is called the: Points: 1 somatic nervous system. reticular formation. limbic system. autonomic nervous system. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
79.
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(20) 4-6. A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a: Points: 1 neural network. action potential. neurotransmitter. reflex. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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80.
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(21) 4-6. The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the: Points: 1 limbic system. spinal cord. brainstem. cerebellum. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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81.
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(22) 4-6. The reticular formation is located in the: Points: 1 brainstem. limbic system. somatosensory cortex. motor cortex. CORRECT ANSWER
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cerebellum. Edit 82. MC Delete row
(23) 4-6. Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to: Points: 1 become violently aggressive. cower in fear. experience convulsive seizures. lapse into a coma. become sexually preoccupied. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
83.
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(24) 4-6. Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell? Points: 1 hippocampus amygdala angular gyrus thalamus Edit CORRECT ANSWER
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84.
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(25) 4-6. The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem is called the: Points: 1 limbic system. corpus callosum. cerebellum. reticular formation. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
85.
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(26) 4-6. Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n): Points: 1 split brain. EEG. synapse. lesion. MRI. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(27) 4-6. To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n): Points: 1 PET scan. hemispherectomy. neural network. brain lesion. Edit Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
87.
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(28) 4-6. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres is known as the: Points: 1 angular gyrus. limbic system. reticular formation. peripheral nervous system. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
88.
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(29) 4-6. An area at the front of the parietal lobes that receives information from the movement of body parts is called the: Points: 1 limbic system. sensory cortex. angular gyrus. cerebellum. reticular formation. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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89.
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(30) 4-6. The association areas are located in the: Points: 1 spinal cord. brainstem. thalamus. limbic system. cerebral cortex. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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90.
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(31) 4-6. The most extensive regions of the brain, which enable learning and memory, are called the:
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Points: 1 reticular formation. projection areas. sensory areas. temporal lobes. association areas. CORRECT ANSWER Edit 91. MC Delete row
(32) 4-6. An impaired use of language is known as: Points: 1 tomography. plasticity. phrenology. aphasia. Edit CORRECT ANSWER Delete
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(33) 4-6. The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as: Points: 1 Wernicke's area. Broca's area. the amygdala. the angular gyrus. the reticular formation. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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93.
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(34) 4-6. The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain: Points: 1 tomography. phrenology. hemispherectomy. aphasia. plasticity. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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94.
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(35) 4-6. The corpus callosum is a wide band of neural fibers that: Points: 1 enables the left hemisphere to control the right
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side of the body. transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres. controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. directs the muscle movements involved in speech. Edit 95. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(36) 4-6. Hormones are the chemical messengers of the: Points: 1 cerebral cortex. autonomic nervous system. endocrine system. limbic system. reticular formation. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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(37) 4-6. The master gland of the endocrine system is the: Points: 1 thyroid gland. hypothalamus. adrenal gland. pituitary gland. CORRECT ANSWER pancreas. Edit Delete
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End of Question Pool - "Chapter 2 Easy" Start of Question Pool - "Chapter 1 Medium" - Randomly display 13 of these questions
99.
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(1) 7-19. Which philosopher would have been most enthusiastic about modern empiricism? Points: 1 Plato Socrates Aristotle CORRECT ANSWER Descartes
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(2) 7-19. Both Plato and Descartes believed that: Points: 1 the mind is a blank slate at birth. mind and body are distinct and separable. true knowledge originates in sensory experience. mental processes reflect evolutionary change. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
101.
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(3) 7-19. Francis Bacon was an early advocate of what came to be known as: Points: 1 empiricism. CORRECT ANSWER psychiatry. structuralism. functionalism. Edit Delete
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102.
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(4) 7-19. Professor Zwier believes that children have an inborn concept of time that enables them to distinguish between the past and the present. The professor's belief is most inconsistent with the views of: Points: 1 Descartes. Socrates. Locke. Plato. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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103.
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(5) 7-19. Plato's presumption of inborn knowledge most clearly contrasts with a view known as: Points: 1 structuralism. functionalism. rationalism. empiricism. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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104.
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(6) 7-19. Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of:
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Points: 1 animal intelligence. personality development. learning and memory. reactions to sensory stimulation. CORRECT ANSWER Edit 105. MC Delete row
(7) 7-19. Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as: Points: 1 SQ3R. behavior genetics. psychoanalysis. massed practice. introspection. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
106.
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(8) 7-19. Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the: row Points: 1 adaptive value of conscious thought. component elements of sensory experience. disruptive effects of unconscious motives. treatment of psychological disorders. Edit Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
107.
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(9) 7-19. Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association? Points: 1 Jean Piaget Francis Bacon Rosalie Raynor Mary Calkins Ren Descartes Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
108.
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(10) 7-19. In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ________, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of ________. Points: 1
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environmental influences; hereditary influences maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feelings mental processes; observable behavior Edit 109. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(11) 7-19. Behaviorists dismissed the value of: Points: 1 science. introspection. CORRECT ANSWER empiricism. replication. Edit Delete
110.
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(12) 7-19. Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the effect of strokes and brain diseases on memory? Points: 1 evolutionary behavioral psychodynamic neuroscience behavior genetics Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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111.
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(13) 7-19. Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression. Points: 1 neuroscience social-cultural psychodynamic behavior genetics cognitive Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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112.
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(14) 7-19. Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions of emotion associated with lust and rage are inherited? Points: 1 cognitive
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behavioral evolutionary CORRECT ANSWER social-cultural Edit 113. MC Delete row
(15) 7-19. Which perspective is most directly concerned with assessing the relative influence of both nature and nature on our psychological traits? Points: 1 evolutionary cognitive behavior genetics CORRECT ANSWER social-cultural psychodynamic Edit Delete
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(16) 7-19. Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative impact of inborn traits and social influences on homosexual behavior. Her research efforts best illustrates the interests of the ________ perspective. Points: 1 behavior genetics CORRECT ANSWER psychodynamic behavioral cognitive Edit Delete
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115.
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(17) 7-19. Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's irritability toward her results from his unconscious feelings of hostility toward his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is interpreting her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective. Points: 1 evolutionary behavioral psychodynamic CORRECT ANSWER behavior genetics Edit Delete
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116.
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(18) 7-19. Which perspective is most concerned with the unique ways in which individuals interpret their own life experiences? Points: 1 behavioral
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cognitive neuroscience behavior genetics Edit 117. MC Delete
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(19) 7-19. Which psychological perspective is most likely to be concerned with identifying the powers and the limits of human reasoning? Points: 1 cognitive behavioral neuroscience social-cultural behavior genetics Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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118.
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(20) 7-19. Which perspective would be most likely to focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities? Points: 1 evolutionary cognitive psychodynamic social-cultural CORRECT ANSWER neuroscience Edit Delete
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119.
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(21) 7-19. Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective. Points: 1 psychodynamic behavior genetics social-cultural neuroscience evolutionary Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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120.
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(22) 7-19. Dr. Caleigh conducts basic research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. Points: 1
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cognitive CORRECT ANSWER biological clinical social Edit 121. MC Delete row
(23) 7-19. Dr. Roberts engages in basic research involving the construction and validation of tests designed to assess individual differences in traits such as anxiety and self-esteem. Which specialty area does her research best represent? Points: 1 social psychology biological psychology industrial/organizational psychology personality psychology Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
122.
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(24) 7-19. Dr. Lipka is involved in an applied research study of customer satisfaction with a newly developed line of facial cosmetics and other beauty aids. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. Points: 1 clinical developmental biological personality industrial/organizational CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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123.
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(25) 7-19. For no apparent reason, Adam has recently begun to feel so tense and anxious that he frequently stays home from work. It would be most beneficial for Adam to contact a(n) ________ psychologist. Points: 1 industrial/organizational clinical personality biological Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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124.
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(26) 7-19. The perception that psychological research findings merely verify our common-sense understanding is most clearly facilitated by: Points: 1
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illusory correlations. the hindsight bias. operational definitions. the placebo effect. Edit 125. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(27) 7-19. Professor Smith told one class that alcohol consumption has been found to increase sexual desire. He informed another class that alcohol consumption has been found to reduce sexual appetite. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they received best illustrates the power of: Points: 1 illusory correlation. replication. the hindsight bias. the double-blind procedure. the placebo effect. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
126.
MC
(28) 7-19. Megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, in order to develop her career, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates: Points: 1 the hindsight bias. illusory correlation. random assignment. the placebo effect. overconfidence. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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127.
MC
(29) 7-19. Alicia insists that Dr. Phillip's theory of aggression be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of: Points: 1 pride. skepticism. CORRECT ANSWER practicality. enthusiasm. Edit Delete
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128.
MC
(30) 7-19. Questioning the generalizability of anecdotal evidence best illustrates: Points: 1
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overconfidence. the placebo effect. the hindsight bias. random assignment. critical thinking. Edit 129. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(31) 7-19. Professor Shalet contends that parents and children have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. His idea is best described as a(n): Points: 1 theory. replication. naturalistic observation. illusory correlation. hindsight bias. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
130.
MC
(32) 7-19. The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable: Points: 1 assumptions. correlations. predictions. CORRECT ANSWER variables. Edit Delete
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131.
MC
(33) 7-19. Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in securing employment. The professor's prediction regarding employment success exemplifies: Points: 1 the hindsight bias. the placebo effect. an hypothesis. illusory correlation. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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132.
MC
(34) 7-19. A specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n): Points: 1
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independent variable. control condition. replication. operational definition. CORRECT ANSWER case study. Edit 133. MC Delete row
(35) 7-19. In a written report of their research, psychologists specify exactly how anxiety is assessed, thus providing their readers with a(n): Points: 1 hypothesis. independent variable. operational definition. CORRECT ANSWER case study. Edit Delete
134.
MC
(36) 7-19. The process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by: Points: 1 the hindsight bias. the double-blind procedure. illusory correlation. operational definitions. the placebo effect. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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135.
MC
(37) 7-19. Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different participants and in different circumstances? Points: 1 replication correlational research random sampling naturalistic observation random assignment Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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136.
MC
(38) 7-19. In order to understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist has carefully investigated the client's current life situation and his physical, social, and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist employed? Points: 1
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the survey the case study experimentation naturalistic observation Edit 137. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(39) 7-19. The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it: Points: 1 is based on naturalistic observation. may be unrepresentative of what is generally true. is unusually easy to explain in hindsight. leads us to underestimate the causal relationships between events. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
138.
MC
(40) 7-19. In order to learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge School, Professor DeVries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school's students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a(n): Points: 1 population. representative sample. case study. independent variable. control condition. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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139.
MC
(41) 7-19. In order to assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the college registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana employed the technique of: Points: 1 random assignment. naturalistic observation. replication. correlation. random sampling. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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140.
MC
(42) 7-19. Which of the following scientific procedures is most useful for helping researchers avoid false generalizations?
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Points: 1 the case study naturalistic observation random sampling operational definitions Edit 141. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(43) 7-19. Professor Ober carefully monitors and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in: Points: 1 survey research. naturalistic observation. CORRECT ANSWER experimentation. replication. Edit Delete
142.
MC
(44) 7-19. Correlational research is most useful for purposes of: Points: 1 explanation. prediction. CORRECT ANSWER control. replication. Edit Delete
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143.
MC
(45) 7-19. In order to determine whether people's self-esteem is related to their income levels, researchers would most likely make use of: Points: 1 case studies. correlational research. CORRECT ANSWER experimentation. naturalistic observation. Edit Delete
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144.
MC
(46) 7-19. In order to discover the extent to which economic status can be used to predict political preferences, researchers are most likely to employ: Points: 1 the case study approach. naturalistic observation.
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correlational measures. CORRECT ANSWER experimental research. Edit 145. MC Delete row
(47) 7-19. If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are: Points: 1 causally related. negatively correlated. CORRECT ANSWER independent variables. dependent variables. positively correlated. Edit Delete
146.
MC
(48) 7-19. If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of elementary school students is +.85, this would indicate that: Points: 1 the relationship between weight and reading ability among elementary school students is not statistically significant. low body weight has a negative effect on the reading abilities of elementary school children. better reading ability is associated with CORRECT greater physical weight among elementary ANSWER school students. body weight has no causal influence on the reading abilities of elementary school children. Edit Delete
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147.
MC
(49) 7-19. Statistical measurement is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as: Points: 1 the hindsight bias. illusory correlation. CORRECT ANSWER overconfidence. the placebo effect. random sampling. Edit Delete
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148.
MC
(50) 7-19. The perception that seemingly infertile couples who adopt a child are subsequently more likely to conceive a child themselves best illustrates: Points: 1
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the process of replication. random assignment. an illusory correlation. CORRECT ANSWER the placebo effect. Edit 149. MC Delete row
(51) 7-19. Adelle dreamed that a handsome young man she had met the previous day asked her for a date. When he actually did call for a date several days later, Adelle concluded that dreams accurately predict future events. Her belief best illustrates: Points: 1 the placebo effect. illusory correlation. CORRECT ANSWER random assignment. replication. Edit Delete
150.
MC
row (52) 7-19. On a series of coin tosses, Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row. In this instance, it is reasonable to conclude that Oleg's predictive accuracy: Points: 1 defies the laws of statistical probability. illustrates the phenomenon of illusory correlation. is inconsistent with the placebo effect. is a random and coincidental occurrence. Edit Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
151.
MC
(53) 7-19. Six of the children in Mr. Myer's second-grade classroom were born on exactly the same day. This strikes him as astonishing and improbable. In this instance, he should be reminded that: Points: 1 random sequences of events often don't look random. events often seem more probable in hindsight. sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations. the tendency to seek confirming evidence promotes overconfidence. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
152.
MC
(54) 7-19. The illusion of streak shooting in basketball best illustrates the need to row recognize that: Points: 1
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random sequences of events often don't CORRECT look random. ANSWER sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations. events often seem more probable in hindsight. correlation does not prove causation. Edit 153. MC Delete row
(55) 7-19. Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between: Points: 1 facts and theories. causes and effects. case studies and surveys. random samples and representative samples. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
154.
MC
(56) 7-19. The most accurate way of assessing the impact of breast milk feedings row on the intellectual development of children is by means of: Points: 1 case studies. surveys. naturalistic observations. experiments. Edit Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
155.
MC
(57) 7-19. Which research method provides the best way of assessing whether cigarette smoking boosts mental alertness? Points: 1 the case study the survey naturalistic observation the experiment Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
156.
MC
(58) 7-19. Prediction is to ________ as explanation is to ________. Points: 1 correlation; experimentation case study; survey random assignment; random sampling CORRECT ANSWER
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independent variable; dependent variable hindsight bias; placebo effect Edit 157. MC Delete row
(59) 7-19. In a test of the effects of sleep deprivation on problem-solving skills, research participants are allowed to sleep either 4 or 8 hours on each of three consecutive nights. This research is an example of: Points: 1 naturalistic observation. survey research. a case study. an experiment. correlational research. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
158.
MC
(60) 7-19. In a study of the effects of alcohol consumption, some participants drank a nonalcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. This nonalcoholic drink was a: Points: 1 dependent variable. replication. placebo. random sample. double blind. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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159.
MC
(61) 7-19. The placebo effect best illustrates the effect of ________ on feelings and behaviors. Points: 1 critical thinking random sampling positive expectations CORRECT ANSWER random assignment Edit Delete
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160.
MC
(62) 7-19. To minimize the extent to which outcome differences between experimental and control conditions can be attributed to placebo effects, researchers make use of: Points: 1 random sampling. the double-blind procedure. CORRECT ANSWER
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random assignment. operational definitions. replication. Edit 161. MC Delete row
(63) 7-19. In order to study the effects of loud noise on worker productivity, Dr. McDuffee had one group of research participants work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. Those who worked in the quiet room were exposed to the ________ condition. Points: 1 experimental survey control correlational Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
162.
MC
(64) 7-19. In an experimental study, men with symptoms of impotence received either Viagra or a placebo. Those who received Viagra participated in the ________ condition. Points: 1 correlational control survey experimental CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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163.
MC
(65) 7-19. To accurately infer cause and effect, experimenters should use: Points: 1 random assignment. CORRECT ANSWER naturalistic observation. correlation coefficients. case studies. Edit Delete
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164.
MC
(66) 7-19. To assess the effect of televised violence on aggression, researchers plan to expose one group of children to violent movie scenes and another group to nonviolent scenes. In order to reduce the chance that the children in one group have more aggressive personalities than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of: Points: 1 random assignment. the double-blind procedure. CORRECT ANSWER
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naturalistic observations. operational definitions. replication. Edit 165. MC Delete row
(67) 7-19. Research participants are randomly assigned to different conditions in an experiment in order to: Points: 1 reduce the likelihood that participants within any condition know each other. increase the likelihood that research participants are representative of people in general. reduce the likelihood of any preexisting differences between the groups of participants assigned to the different conditions. increase the likelihood that the different experimental conditions have the same number of participants. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
166.
MC
(68) 7-19. Correlational evidence suggested that postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy had _______ health problems than those not receiving such treatment. Experimental evidence revealed that women receiving replacement hormones subsequently experienced ________ health problems than did nontreated women. Points: 1 fewer; fewer more; more fewer; more CORRECT ANSWER more; fewer Edit Delete
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167.
MC
(69) 7-19. In an experimental study of the effects of anxiety on self-esteem, anxiety would be the ________ variable. Points: 1 experimental dependent correlational independent CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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168.
MC
(70) 7-19. In a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable.
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Points: 1 dependent CORRECT ANSWER experimental control independent Edit 169. MC Delete row
(71) 7-19. Greenwald and colleagues observed that students who listened to subliminal tapes designed to improve self-esteem subsequently demonstrated ________ in their self-esteem test scores. Points: 1 dramatic improvement moderate improvement no improvement dramatic deterioration Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
170.
MC
(72) 7-19. The artificial and simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful in enabling psychologists to: Points: 1 predict human behavior in a variety of situations. perceive order in completely random events. develop explanatory theories of everyday behaviors. observe random samples of human conduct. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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171.
MC
(73) 7-19. An awareness of extensive cultural differences in attitudes and values is most likely to prevent one from being misled by: Points: 1 replication. random assignment. operational definitions. unrepresentative samples. CORRECT ANSWER double-blind procedures. Edit Delete
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172.
MC
(74) 7-19. Psychological differences between the genders are: Points: 1 of little interest to contemporary
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psychologists. simply reflections of biological differences between the sexes. no longer evident in contemporary Western societies. of little relevance to real life. far outweighed by gender similarities. Edit 173. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(75) 7-19. Psychologists study animals because: Points: 1 animal behavior is just as complex as human behavior. experiments on people are generally considered to be unethical. the ethical treatment of animals is not mandated by professional guidelines. similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
174.
MC
(76) 7-19. Animal protection organizations are more likely to support the use of animals in research involving ________ than in research involving ________. Points: 1 experimentation; replication naturalistic observation; experimentation case studies; naturalistic observation random assignment; case studies Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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175.
MC
(77) 7-19. The American Psychological Association and British Psychological Society have developed ethical principles urging investigators to: Points: 1 avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate in research. forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test. avoid the manipulation of independent variables in research involving human participants. explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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176.
MC
(78) 7-19. Psychologists' personal values and goals: Points: 1
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are carefully tested by means of observation and experimentation. lead them to avoid experiments involving human participants. can bias their observations and interpretations. have very little influence on the process of scientific observation. Edit 177. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(79) 7-19. The study of psychology is potentially dangerous because: Points: 1 psychological knowledge can be used for destructive purposes. psychologists generally believe that people are not personally responsible for their actions. psychological research necessitates performing stressful experiments on people. people are highly suggestible and can be easily manipulated. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
178.
MC
(80) 7-19. In answering multiple-choice test items, smart test-takers are best advised to: Points: 1 check off as correct the first answer they read that seems to be right. choose the "all the above" option if it is available. carefully imagine how each of the alternative answers might be correct. recall the correct answer to each question CORRECT before reading the alternative answers. ANSWER Edit Delete
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179. 180.
End of Question Pool - "Chapter 1 Medium" Start of Question Pool - "Chapter 2 Medium" - Randomly display 14 of these questions
181.
MC
(1) 20-33. A biological psychologist would be most interested in the relationship between: Points: 1 body chemistry and violent behavior. CORRECT ANSWER skull shape and character traits. self-esteem and popularity.
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brain size and cell structure. Edit 182. MC Delete row
(2) 20-33. The function of dendrites is to: Points: 1 receive incoming signals from other neurons. release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons. coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. control pain through the release of opiatelike chemicals into the brain. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
183.
MC
(3) 20-33. In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal within a single neuron travels from the: Points: 1 cell body to the axon to the dendrites. dendrites to the axon to the cell body. axon to the cell body to the dendrites. dendrites to the cell body to the axon. CORRECT ANSWER axon to the dendrites to the cell body. Edit Delete
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184.
MC
(4) 20-33. Neural impulses may travel as rapidly as: Points: 1 sound waves. light waves. 200 miles per hour. electricity through a wire. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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185.
MC
(5) 20-33. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is: Points: 1 inhibited by the myelin sheath. delayed by the refractory period. an all-or-none response. CORRECT ANSWER
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dependent on neurotransmitter molecules. Edit 186. MC Delete row
(6) 20-33. Reuptake refers to the: Points: 1 movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap. binding of neurotransmitter molecules to dendritic receptor sites. inflow of electrically charged atoms through an axon membrane. reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
187.
MC
(7) 20-33. Epinephrine is to hormone as acetylcholine is to: Points: 1 synapse. action potential. endorphin. neurotransmitter. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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188.
MC
(8) 20-33. Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as: Points: 1 dopamine. epinephrine. acetylcholine. CORRECT ANSWER insulin. Edit Delete
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189.
MC
(9) 20-33. Botulin poisoning from improperly canned food causes paralysis by blocking the release of: Points: 1 endorphins. epinephrine. acetylcholine. CORRECT ANSWER dopamine. Edit Delete
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190.
MC
(10) 20-33. Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as:
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Points: 1 acetylcholine. serotonin. endorphins. CORRECT ANSWER dopamine. epinephrine. Edit 191. MC Delete row
(11) 20-33. Jos has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of: Points: 1 glutamate. dopamine. acetylcholine. endorphins. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
192.
MC
(12) 20-33. Jason's painful withdrawal symptoms following heroin use were probably due in part to a reduction in his body's normal production of: Points: 1 dopamine. epinephrine. acetylcholine. endorphins. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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193.
MC
(13) 20-33. A drug that mimics the effects of a particular neurotransmitter or blocks its reuptake is called a(n): Points: 1 glutamate. steroid. agonist. opiate. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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194.
MC
(14) 20-33. Endorphin agonists are likely to _______ one's immediate pain and endorphin antagonists are likely to _______ one's immediate pain. Points: 1
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decrease; increase CORRECT ANSWER increase; decrease increase; increase decrease; decrease Edit 195. MC Delete row
(15) 20-33. Sensory neurons are an important part of the: Points: 1 limbic system. reticular formation. peripheral nervous system. CORRECT ANSWER central nervous system. Edit Delete
196.
MC
(16) 20-33. The vast majority of cells in the body's information-processing system are: Points: 1 interneurons. motor neurons. sensory neurons. neurotransmitters. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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197.
MC
(17) 20-33. Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to muscles in your hands by the ________ nervous system. Points: 1 central peripheral parasympathetic sympathetic autonomic Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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198.
MC
(18) 20-33. One function of glial cells is to: Points: 1 control heartbeat and breathing. mimic the effects of neurotransmitters. provide nutrients to interneurons. CORRECT ANSWER stimulate the production of hormones.
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Edit 199. MC
Delete row
(19) 20-33. The somatic nervous system is a component of the ________ nervous system. Points: 1 peripheral autonomic central sympathetic parasympathetic Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
200.
MC
(20) 20-33. Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your heart muscles by the: Points: 1 limbic system. somatic nervous system. central nervous system. autonomic nervous system. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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201.
MC
(21) 20-33. You come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Your heart starts racing and you begin to perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by the: Points: 1 somatic nervous system. sympathetic nervous system. CORRECT ANSWER parasympathetic nervous system. limbic system. Edit Delete
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202.
MC
(22) 20-33. Heartbeat acceleration is to heartbeat deceleration as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system. Points: 1 somatic; autonomic autonomic; somatic central; peripheral sympathetic; parasympathetic CORRECT ANSWER parasympathetic; sympathetic Edit Delete
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203.
MC
(23) 20-33. After discovering that the shadows outside his window were only the trees in the yard, Ralph's blood pressure decreased and his heartbeat slowed. These physical reactions were most directly regulated by his: Points: 1 parasympathetic nervous system. CORRECT ANSWER sympathetic nervous system. somatic nervous system. hippocampus. Edit Delete
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204.
MC
(24) 20-33. Neural networks Points: 1 the branching extensions of a neuron. interconnected clusters of neurons in the CORRECT central nervous system. ANSWER neural cables containing many axons. junctions between sending and receiving neurons. neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. Edit Delete
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205.
MC
(25) 20-33. In a tragic diving accident, Andrew damaged his spinal cord and consequently suffered paralysis of his legs. Andrew's injury was located in his: Points: 1 somatic nervous system. limbic system. sympathetic nervous system. central nervous system. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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206.
MC
(26) 20-33. Aaron consistently exhibits a knee-jerk response without having any sensations of the taps on his knees. Aaron's experience is most indicative of a: Points: 1 split brain. severed spinal cord. hemispherectomy. reward deficiency syndrome. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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207.
MC
(27) 20-33. The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the: Points: 1 cerebellum. medulla. reticular formation. thalamus. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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208.
MC
(28) 20-33. Which region of the brainstem takes you to a state of arousal when someone nearby mentions your name? Points: 1 reticular formation CORRECT ANSWER cerebellum hypothalamus amygdala medulla Edit Delete
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209.
MC
(29) 20-33. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? Points: 1 thalamus amygdala medulla hippocampus cerebellum Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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210.
MC
(30) 20-33. An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called a(n): Points: 1 brain lesion. EEG. PET scan. MRI. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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211.
MC
(31) 20-33. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n):
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Points: 1 EEG. MRI. PET scan. lobotomy. Edit 212. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(32) 20-33. Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the formation of new memories? Points: 1 hypothalamus thalamus hippocampus CORRECT ANSWER medulla Edit Delete
213.
MC
(33) 20-33. The brainstem is to arousal as the limbic system is to: Points: 1 emotion. muscular coordination. respiration. language comprehension. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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214.
MC
(34) 20-33. To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's: Points: 1 reticular formation. cerebellum. medulla. amygdala. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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215.
MC
(35) 20-33. A brain tumor caused extensive damage to Mr. Thorndike's hypothalamus. It is most likely that he may suffer a loss of: Points: 1 visual perception. muscular coordination. sexual motivation. CORRECT ANSWER
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language comprehension. Edit 216. MC Delete row
(36) 20-33. The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the hormone system is the: Points: 1 cerebellum. amygdala. reticular formation. hypothalamus. medulla. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
217.
MC
(37) 20-33. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the: Points: 1 thalamus. cerebellum. reticular formation. limbic system. angular gyrus. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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218.
MC
(38) 20-33. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your: Points: 1 cerebellum. amygdala. hypothalamus. sympathetic nervous system. cerebral cortex. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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219.
MC
(39) 20-33. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of: Points: 1 muscular coordination. language comprehension. visual perception. CORRECT ANSWER
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speaking ability. pain sensations. Edit 220. MC Delete row
(40) 20-33. Auditory stimulation is first processed in the ________ lobes. Points: 1 occipital temporal CORRECT ANSWER frontal parietal Edit Delete
221.
MC
(41) 20-33. The motor cortex is located in the ________ lobes. Points: 1 occipital temporal frontal parietal Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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222.
MC
(42) 20-33. Which of the following body parts is associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the motor cortex? Points: 1 arms face CORRECT ANSWER trunk knees Edit Delete
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223.
MC
(43) 20-33. The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of: Points: 1 taste. sight. hearing. touch. smell. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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224.
MC
(44) 20-33. Which part of your brain receives information as to whether you are
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moving your legs? Points: 1 limbic system motor cortex sensory cortex CORRECT ANSWER Broca's area Edit 225. MC Delete row
(45) 20-33. The experience of auditory hallucinations by people with schizophrenia is most closely linked with the activation of areas in their: Points: 1 motor cortex. angular gyrus. temporal lobes. CORRECT ANSWER hypothalamus. Edit Delete
226.
MC
(46) 20-33. The ability to recognize familiar faces is disturbed by damage to the right ________ lobe. Points: 1 frontal parietal occipital temporal CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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227.
MC
(47) 20-33. After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely that Miguel will have difficulty: Points: 1 remembering past events. speaking fluently. reading. understanding other people when they speak. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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228.
MC
(48) 20-33. Wernicke's area is typically located in the left ________ lobe. Points: 1
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parietal occipital temporal CORRECT ANSWER frontal Edit 229. MC Delete row
(49) 20-33. PET scans have revealed that the visual cortex is activated when blind people read Braille. This best illustrates: Points: 1 plasticity. aphasia. hemispherectomy. phrenology. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
230.
MC
(50) 20-33. Neural regulation of a child's language functioning is transferred to the right hemisphere if speech areas in the left hemisphere are damaged. This best illustrates: Points: 1 aphasia. hemispherectomy. plasticity. tomography. phrenology. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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231.
MC
(51) 20-33. The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in: Points: 1 children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed. individuals with Alzheimer's disease. adults with aphasia. elderly stroke patients. people free of any disease or brain damage. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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232.
MC
(52) 20-33. Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person's ability to: Points: 1 solve arithmetic problems. CORRECT ANSWER
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copy drawings. recognize faces. recognize familiar melodies. Edit 233. MC Delete row
(53) 20-33. Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce: Points: 1 aphasia. epileptic seizures. depression. neural plasticity. reward deficiency syndrome. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
234.
MC
(54) 20-33. If a picture of a comb is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a splitbrain patient, she should be able to: Points: 1 use her left hand to draw a picture of the comb. use her right hand to draw a picture of the comb. orally report what she saw. use her right hand to write the word "comb." Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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235.
MC
(55) 20-33. Hearing-impaired people who use sign language typically: Points: 1 demonstrate greater mathematical competence than people without hearing impairments. process language in their left cerebral hemisphere. recognize facial expressions of emotion with their left rather than their right cerebral hemisphere. have a slightly smaller corpus callosum than people without hearing impairments. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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236.
MC
(56) 20-33. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into: Points: 1 synaptic gaps.
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the bloodstream. CORRECT ANSWER the limbic system. sensory neurons. interneurons. Edit 237. MC Delete row
(57) 20-33. The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the: Points: 1 limbic system. endocrine system. sympathetic nervous system. reticular formation. central nervous system. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
238.
MC
(58) 20-33. If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ________ into your bloodstream. Points: 1 endorphins acetylcholine serotonin epinephrine CORRECT ANSWER insulin Edit Delete
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End of Question Pool - "Chapter 2 Medium" Start of Question Pool - "Chapter 3 Easy" - Randomly display 2 of these questions
241.
MC
(1) 34-35. Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmilla Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of: Points: 1 cloning. gender-typing. selective mating. CORRECT ANSWER gene splicing.
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hormone injections. Edit 242. MC Delete row
(2) 34-35. Which of the following is a major source of genetic diversity? Points: 1 cloning gender-typing mutations norms Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
243.
MC
(3) 34-35. According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be: Points: 1 socially prohibited. genetically predisposed. CORRECT ANSWER ecologically disruptive. disease-producing. Edit Delete
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244.
MC
(4) 34-35. Compared with women, men are more likely to: Points: 1 initiate sexual activity. think about sex. make sacrifices to gain sex. do all of the above. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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245.
MC
(5) 34-35. The study of the relative power of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality traits is known as: Points: 1 evolutionary psychology. behavior genetics. gender-typing. human cloning. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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246.
MC
(6) 34-35. Identical twins originate from the fertilization of ________ egg cell(s) by ________ sperm cell(s).
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Points: 1 a single; a single CORRECT ANSWER two; a single a single; two two; two Edit 247. MC Delete row
(7) 34-35. Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by: Points: 1 testosterone. gender schemas. heredity. norms. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
248.
MC
(8) 34-35. Two individuals are most likely to share similar personality traits if they are ________ twins who were reared ________. Points: 1 fraternal; together identical; apart fraternal; apart identical; together CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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249.
MC
(9) 34-35. An infant's temperament refers most directly to its: Points: 1 ability to learn. physical attractiveness. emotional excitability. CORRECT ANSWER physical health. sense of humor. Edit Delete
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250.
MC
(10) 34-35. Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament? Points: 1 Ruth and Ramona, identical twins Philip and Paul, fraternal twins Larry and Laura, brother and sister CORRECT ANSWER
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Vincent Sr. and Vincent Jr., father and son Edit 251. MC Delete row
(11) 34-35. Identical twins are most likely to share a similar prenatal environment if they share the same: Points: 1 placenta. reproductive capacity. norms. gender schemas. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
252.
MC
(12) 34-35. The enduring traditions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next define their: Points: 1 temperament. roles. racial identity. culture. Edit CORRECT ANSWER Delete
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253.
MC
(13) 34-35. Those who study cultural influences on behavior are most likely to highlight the importance of: Points: 1 natural selection. temperament. schemas. norms. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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254.
MC
(14) 34-35. Personal space refers to: Points: 1 our inner private thoughts and personally subjective feelings about ourselves. the distance we like to maintain between CORRECT ourselves and other people. ANSWER the priority we give to our own personal needs over group needs. areas of a home, such as a bedroom, where privacy is important. Edit Delete
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255.
MC
(15) 34-35. A cluster of behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position is a: Points: 1 norm. role. schema. temperament. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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256.
MC
(16) 34-35. Gender role refers to: Points: 1 one's biological sex. the sense of being male or female. the set of expected behaviors for males CORRECT and females. ANSWER the sense of being homosexual or heterosexual. how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is. Edit Delete
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257.
MC
(17) 34-35. The social roles assigned to women and men: Points: 1 are virtually the same in all cultures. have been virtually the same in all historical time periods. differ widely across cultures. differ widely across historical time periods but not across cultures. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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258.
MC
(18) 34-35. Gender identity refers to: Points: 1 one's biological sex. the sense of being male or female. the set of expected behaviors for males and for females. how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is. a person's identification with the parent of the opposite sex. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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259.
MC
(19) 34-35. A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and
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behavior patterns demonstrates the impact of: Points: 1 gene complexes. sexual orientation. the X chromosome. gender-typing. Edit 260. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(20) 34-35. Ten-year-old Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking clothes because she wants to appear ladylike. This best illustrates the impact of: Points: 1 natural selection. personal space. sexual orientation. gender-typing. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
261. 262.
End of Question Pool - "Chapter 3 Easy" Start of Question Pool - "Chapter 3 Medium" - Randomly display 15 of these questions
263.
MC
(1) 36-50. A human sperm cell contains: Points: 1 23 chromosomes. CORRECT ANSWER 23 genes. 46 chromosomes. 46 genes. Edit Delete
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264.
MC
(2) 36-50. A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a: Points: 1 gene. gender schema. chromosome. CORRECT ANSWER
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hormone. neurotransmitter. Edit 265. MC Delete row
(3) 36-50. The reproductive advantage enjoyed by organisms best suited to a specific ecological niche is known as: Points: 1 cloning. behavior genetics. natural selection. CORRECT ANSWER temperament. Edit Delete
266.
MC
(4) 36-50. If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates: Points: 1 gender-typing. natural selection. behavior genetics. gender schema theory. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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267.
MC
(5) 36-50. An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically row predisposed to: Points: 1 fear dangerous animals. love their own children. seek healthy-looking mates. do all of the above. Edit Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
268.
MC
(6) 36-50. Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the reproduction process is more timeconsuming for women than for men. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ________ theory of sexual behavior. Points: 1 evolutionary social learning Freudian CORRECT ANSWER
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gender schema Edit 269. MC Delete row
(7) 36-50. Men judge women as especially attractive if they appear ________ and women judge men as especially attractive if they appear ________. Points: 1 mature; mature youthful; youthful mature; youthful youthful; mature CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
270.
MC
(8) 36-50. In attracting potential mates, women are more likely than men to advertise their own ________, and men are more likely than women to advertise their own ________. Points: 1 athletic skills; parenting skills good looks; social status sexual experience; sexual inexperience intelligence; nurturance Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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271.
MC
(9) 36-50. Brittla is highly motivated to maintain an attractive appearance and spends a lot of time and money on cosmetics. According to evolutionary psychologists, Brittla's behavior is a product of: Points: 1 cultural norms. gender-typing. gender schemas. genetic predispositions. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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272.
MC
(10) 36-50. Evolutionary psychologists would be least likely to predict that: Points: 1 a man would be distressed by the sexual infidelity of his wife. a woman would engage in casual sex with many male partners. a woman would prefer to marry a man who is wealthier than herself. a man would prefer to marry a woman who is better looking than himself. CORRECT ANSWER
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Edit 273. MC
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(11) 36-50. Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are ________ similar in neuroticism and ________ similar in extraversion. Points: 1 more; less less; more more; more less; less Edit CORRECT ANSWER Delete
274.
MC
(12) 36-50. Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in: Points: 1 extraversion. neuroticism. temperament. all of the above. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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275.
MC
(13) 36-50. The personalities of adopted children: Points: 1 are very similar to the personalities of the other children in their adoptive families. are very similar to the personalities of their biologically related siblings. are not very similar to the personalities of CORRECT their adoptive parents. ANSWER are more similar to the personalities of their caregiving adoptive parents than to the personalities of their biological parents. Edit Delete
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276.
MC
(14) 36-50. The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children's ________ than on their ________. Points: 1 temperament; political attitudes extraversion; table manners religious beliefs; personality traits CORRECT ANSWER gender identity; gender schemas Edit Delete
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277.
MC
(15) 36-50. Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by ________ than by ________.
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Points: 1 genes; home environment home environment; genes genes; peer influence home environments; peer influence Edit 278. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(16) 36-50. Pat is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelley is usually quiet and easygoing. The two children most clearly differ in: Points: 1 brain maturation. gender schemas. temperament. physical health. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
279.
MC
(17) 36-50. The unique temperaments of children evoke predictable responses from their caregivers. This best illustrates the ________ of nature and nurture. Points: 1 plasticity evolution interaction CORRECT ANSWER bipolarity Edit Delete
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280.
MC
(18) 36-50. People have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates the: Points: 1 commonality of gender identity and temperament. complementarity of gender schemas and social roles. interaction of nature and nurture. reciprocal influence of norms and roles. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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281.
MC
(19) 36-50. Adopted children raised in the same family are not especially likely to row have similar personality traits. This most clearly implies that we should be cautious about attributing personality to: Points: 1
Page 67 of 71
genetic predispositions. parental influences. gender differences. peer influences. Edit 282. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER
(20) 36-50. An awareness that children's temperaments influence parents' childrearing practices should inhibit our tendency to: Points: 1 emphasize the interaction of nature and nurture. assess the heritability of human intelligence. blame parents for our own dysfunctional characteristics. identify cultural differences in child-rearing practices. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
283.
MC
(21) 36-50. Dante is healthier than his twin brother because he developed with a better placental barrier against viruses. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on development. Points: 1 temperament gender schemas early environment genetic predispositions Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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284.
MC
(22) 36-50. In order to prevent teens from smoking, intervention programs for youth should first pay attention to the impact of ________ on teen smoking habits. Points: 1 peer influence family environments genetic predispositions gender schemas Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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285.
MC
(23) 36-50. It has been suggested that our sensitivity to peer influence is genetically predisposed because it has facilitated the process of human mating. This suggestion best illustrates: Points: 1 gender schema theory.
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Freudian psychology. gender-typing. an evolutionary perspective. CORRECT ANSWER Edit 286. MC Delete row
(24) 36-50. Cultural diversity best illustrates our: Points: 1 human temperaments. gene complexes. gender identities. adaptive capacities. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
287.
MC
(25) 36-50. Frans avoids talking with food in his mouth because other people think it is crude and inappropriate. This best illustrates the impact of: Points: 1 roles. schemas. stereotypes. norms. Edit CORRECT ANSWER Delete
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288.
MC
(26) 36-50. Studies indicate that ________ prefer more personal space than do ________. Points: 1 North Americans; Latin Americans CORRECT ANSWER the French; the British Arabs; Scandinavians women; men Edit Delete
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289.
MC
(27) 36-50. Since the 1960s, Americans have experienced a(n) ________ in rates of depression and a(n) ________ in work hours. Points: 1 increase; decrease decrease; increase increase; increase CORRECT ANSWER decrease; decrease
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Edit 290. MC
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(28) 36-50. Compared with today's North American parents, many Asian and African parents are more likely to encourage their children to value: Points: 1 civil rights. racial equality. social harmony. CORRECT ANSWER nonconformity. self-reliance. Edit Delete
291.
MC
(29) 36-50. Compared with Asian parents, North American parents today place ________ emphasis on obedience and ________ emphasis on family loyalty. Points: 1 more; less less; more more; more less; less Edit CORRECT ANSWER Delete
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292.
MC
(30) 36-50. Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that: Points: 1 person-to-person differences within CORRECT cultural groups are larger than differences ANSWER between groups. differences among cultural groups largely reflect genetic differences among racial groups. gender differences in behavior result from differences in biology rather than from differences in life experiences. developmental processes differ greatly among individuals raised in different cultures. Edit Delete
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293.
MC
(31) 36-50. A human egg contains ________ chromosome and a human sperm contains ________ chromosome. Points: 1 a Y; either an X or a Y either an X or a Y; an X an X; either an X or a Y CORRECT ANSWER either an X or a Y; a Y Edit Delete
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294.
MC
(32) 36-50. Prenatal testosterone secretions exert one of their earliest influences on the development of: Points: 1 gender roles. sex organs. gender schemas. sex chromosomes. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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295.
MC
(33) 36-50. When teased by his older sister, 9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not expected to. Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of: Points: 1 temperament. gender roles. CORRECT ANSWER testosterone. stereotypes. gender identity. Edit Delete
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296.
MC
(34) 36-50. On extended visits to foreign countries, you would be most likely to observe: Points: 1 more men than women in leadership positions. women earning approximately the same amount of money as men. men and women equally involved in child care. men and women equally involved in violent crime. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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297.
MC
(35) 36-50. Social learning theorists emphasize that: Points: 1 observation and imitation play a crucial role in the gender-typing process. children will exhibit only those gender-typed behaviors for which they have been directly rewarded. children will not learn gender-typed behaviors if the same-sex parent is absent from the home. all of the above are true. Edit Delete CORRECT ANSWER
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298.
MC
(36) 36-50. Mr. Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr. Eskenazi's contribution to the gender-typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by: Points: 1 twin studies. social learning theorists. CORRECT ANSWER adoption studies. evolutionary psychologists. Edit Delete
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299.
MC
(37) 36-50. Children's tendency to classify behavior and personality traits in terms of masculine and feminine categories is of most direct relevance to: Points: 1 Freudian psychology. behavior genetics. evolutionary psychology. gender schema theory. CORRECT ANSWER Edit Delete
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300.
MC
(38) 36-50. Those who suggest that our choices today shape tomorrow's possibilities are emphasizing the importance of: Points: 1 behavior genetics. human responsibility. CORRECT ANSWER personal space. natural selection. Edit Delete
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301.
End of Question Pool - "Chapter 3 Medium"
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Page 1 of 71

Chapter 3: The Nature and Nurture of Behavior - Exam 1

Assessment Page 1 Add: New True/False Question as row 302

introspection. spaced practice. naturalistic observation. Edit 9. MC Delete

clinical developmental industrial/organizational Edit 22. MC Delete row CORRECT ANSWER

replication. the placebo effect. Edit 47. MC Delete row

experimental treatment is absent. Edit 55. MC Delete

(1) 4-6. Phrenology highlighted the presumed functions of:

axon. cell body. synapse. Edit 65. MC

synaptic gaps. interneurons. neural networks. Edit 69. MC Delete

(18) 4-6. Motor neurons transmit signals to:

cerebellum. Edit 82. MC Delete row

behavioral evolutionary CORRECT ANSWER social-cultural Edit 113. MC Delete row

cognitive neuroscience behavior genetics Edit 117. MC Delete

random assignment. operational definitions. replication. Edit 161. MC Delete row

naturalistic observations. operational definitions. replication. Edit 165. MC Delete row

(78) 7-19. Psychologists' personal values and goals: Points: 1

brain size and cell structure. Edit 182. MC Delete row

dependent on neurotransmitter molecules. Edit 186. MC Delete row

language comprehension. Edit 216. MC Delete row

speaking ability. pain sensations. Edit 220. MC Delete row

hormone injections. Edit 242. MC Delete row

hormone. neurotransmitter. Edit 265. MC Delete row

gender schema Edit 269. MC Delete row

End of Question Pool - "Chapter 3 Medium"

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