Rizky Hernando (17699)

Parts of Speech

In grammar, a part of speech (also a word class, a lexical class, or a lexical category) is a linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), which is generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question. Common linguistic categories include noun and verb, among others. There are open word classes, which constantly acquire new members, and closed word classes, which acquire new members infrequently if at all. ( Wikipedia )

Part of Speech by by George Babineau "Parts of speech" are the basic types of words that English has. Most grammar books say that there are eight parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions and interjections. It is important to be able to recognize and identify the different types of words in English, so that you can understand grammar explanations and use the right word form in the right place.

Here is a brief explanation of what the parts of speech are:

NOUN
A noun is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or action. Examples: cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival

A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn. A noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a subject complement, an object complement, an appositive, an adjective or an adverb.

Noun Gender

But this use of gender-specific nouns is very rare today. Those that are still used occasionally tend to refer to occupational categories, as in the following sentences. David Garrick was a very prominent eighteenth-century actor. Sarah Siddons was at the height of her career as an actress in the 1780s. The manager was trying to write a want ad, but he couldn't decide whether he was advertising for a "waiter" or a "waitress"

Noun Plurals Most nouns change their form to indicate number by adding "-s" or "-es", as illustrated in the following pairs of sentences: When Matthew was small he rarely told the truth if he thought he was going to be punished. Many people do not believe that truths are self-evident.

VERB
A verb is a word which describes an action (doing something) or a state of being (being something). Examples: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want

The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence

ADJECTIVE
An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun. Examples: big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick, important

ADVERB
An adverb is a word which usually describes a verb. It tells you how something is done. It may also tell you when or where something happened. Examples: slowly, intelligently, well, yesterday, tomorrow, here, everywhere

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause. An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much". While some adverbs can be identified by their characteristic -ly" suffix, most of them must be identified by untangling the grammatical relationships within the sentence or clause as a whole. Unlike an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within the sentence.

An adverb is a part of speech. It is any word that modifies verbs or any part of speech other than a noun (modifiers of nouns are primarily adjectives and determiners). Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences, and other adverbs.

PRONOUN
A pronoun is used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the noun. Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they

A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun. You use pronouns like he, she, it, which, none, you, our, they, or them, to make your sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive. Grammarians classify pronouns into several types, including the personal pronoun, the demonstrative pronoun, the interrogative pronoun, the indefinite pronoun, the relative pronoun, the reflexive pronoun, and the intensive pronoun. We classify pronouns into several types, including the personal pronoun, the demonstrative pronoun, the interrogative pronoun, the indefinite pronoun, the relative pronoun, the reflexive pronoun, and the intensive pronoun.

Personal Pronoun
A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender, and case. Personal Pronouns always belong to one of three persons: First person If they refer to the speaker or writer (or to a group including the speaker or writer). I will come tomorrow. Bob showed the budget to us. Second person If they refer to the audience of the speaker or writer (or to a group including the audience). You should not forget to vote. Where is your coat? Third person If they refer to anyone else (if the noun or pronoun is the subject, then its person will also affect the verb). It arrived yesterday. How can you stand working with them?

NOUN AND PRONOUN NUMBER The number of a noun or pronoun is either singular, if it refers to one thing, or plural, if it refers to more than one thing (if the noun or pronoun is the subject, then its number will also affect the verb). Note the difference in number in the following examples: Singular That woman is concerned about this issue. She is concerned about this issue. Plural Those women are concerned about this issue. They are concerned about this issue. It is important to note that the pronoun "they" is in the processing of becoming singular as well as plural. For example, one might say A person called and they did not leave their name.

Noun and Pronoun Gender

Unlike the Romance languages (such as French, Spanish, and Italian), English has three genders for nouns and pronouns: masculine, feminine, and neuter.Generally, the English language uses natural gender rather than grammatical gender That is, the gender of a word is usually based on its biology (so there is little need to remember whether a word is masculine or feminine).

CONJUCTION
A conjunction joins two words, phrases or sentences together. Examples: but, so, and, because, or

PREPOSITION
A preposition usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence. Examples: on, in, by, with, under, through, at

Prepositions (or more generally, adpositions, see below) are a grammatically distinct class of words whose most central members characteristically express spatial relations (such as English in, under, toward) or serve to mark various syntactic functions and semantic roles (such as English of, for).[1]. In that the primary function is relational, a preposition typically combines with another constituent (called its complement) to form a prepositional phrase, relating the complement to the context in which the phrase occurs.

The following examples illustrate some uses of English prepositional phrases:

as a modifier to a verb sleep throughout the winter danced atop the tables for hours as a modifier to a noun the weather in May cheese from France with live bacteria as a modifier of an adjective happy for them sick until recently as the complement of a verb insist on staying home dispose of unwanted items as the complement of a noun a thirst for revenge an amendment to the constitution as the complement of an adjective or adverb attentive to their needs separately from its neighbors as the complement of another preposition until after supper from beneath the bed

INTERJECTION
An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks. Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!

In grammar, an interjection or exclamation is a lexical category used to express an isolated emotion or sentiment on the part of the speaker (although most interjections have clear definitions). Filled pauses such as uh, er, um are also considered interjections. Interjections are typically placed at the beginning of a sentence. An interjection is sometimes expressed as a single word or non-sentence phrase, followed by a punctuation mark. The isolated usage of an interjection does not represent a complete sentence in conventional English writing. Thus, in formal writing, the interjection will be incorporated into a larger sentence clause.

ARTICLE
An article is used to introduce a noun. Examples: the, a, an