Hach Solutions for Oxygen Demand

Versatile Options for Wastewater Analysis

Oxygen Demand Introduction

Oxygen is an important parameter for determining the amount of organic pollution in water. The test has its widest application in measuring waste loadings of treatment plants and in evaluating efficiency. Hach offers instrumentation, prepared reagents, and three different methods for measuring oxygen demand: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). These methods can work together as a total solution team for oxygen demand reporting and process control.

Simplify testing for oxygen demand with Hach's innovative analysis systems.

What youll find inside:

USEPA-Approved Dichromate COD Method TOC Direct Method COD and TOC Together USEPA-Approved BOD Dilution Method TOC and COD vs. BOD Colorimeters and Spectrophotometers COD Reactor How to Order (www.hach.com)

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Choosing a Method
You can count on getting accurate results quickly and easily when you use the USEPA-approved COD Method, USEPA-approved BOD Dilution Method, and process control TOC Direct Method. The TOC method complements COD results for more perspective on a waste stream's true organic load. Both COD and TOC can be correlated to BOD.

Choose the Hach methods that best fit your needs:

Method Regulatory Status Oxidant Used Most Suitable Use BOD Dilution Method (page 8) USEPA-Approved Oxidation by microorganisms To model the treatment plant process and the effects of organic compounds on the dissolved oxygen content of receiving waters 5 days (for standard BOD test) Most closely models the natural environment COD Dichromate Method (page 4) USEPA-Approved K2Cr2O7 To facilitate rapid and frequent monitoring of treatment plant efficiency and respond quickly to changing conditions 2 hours Can be used for NPDES reporting Correlates with BOD on waste with constant composition Reproducible results Toxic materials do not affect oxidant Short analysis time Can supplement BOD results Good indicator of organic pollution in industrial wastewater containing heavy metals and cyanides Considerations Toxic materials kill micro-organisms Microorganisms do not oxidize all materials present in waste Lengthy test period Ranges 0 to 35 mg/L 0 to 70 mg/L 0 to 350 mg/L 0 to 700 mg/L Instrumentation sensION meters BOD Accessory Kit Model 50180 DO Probe BODTrak Apparatus (Manometric method for unattended analysis only) Colorimetric or titrimetric analysis High levels of interference from chloride ions Some organic compounds are not oxidized completely 0 to 40 mg/L Ultra Low Range 0 to 150 mg/L Low Range 0 to 1500 mg/L High Range 0 to 15,000 mg/L High Range Plus Odyssey DR/2500 Spectrophotometer DR/4000 Spectrophotometer DR/2010 Spectrophotometer DR/850, DR/890 Colorimeters COD Reactor Odyssey DR/2500 Spectrophotometer DR/4000 Spectrophotometer DR/2010 Spectrophotometer DR/850, DR/890 Colorimeters COD Reactor 0 to 20 mg/L Low Range 15 to 150 mg/L Mid Range 100 to 700 mg/L High Range TOC Direct Method (page 5) Acceptable for process control K2S2O8 To facilitate rapid and frequent monitoring of organic carbon load to optimize treatment processes and minimize impact of industrial pollution 3 hours Eliminates hazardous mercury, chromium, and silver wastes Toxic materials do not affect oxidant Chloride interference is minimized Correlates well to instrumental TOC methods UV persulfate and high temperature combustion

Test Completion Time Advantages

For process control only

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The Worldwide Leader in COD Analysis

Hach offers a COD method to handle all of your testing needs.
Convenience, speed, accuracy, and economy have made Hach's USEPA-approved1 COD Method the most widely used chemical oxygen demand (COD) method in the world. Wastewater treatment professionals rely on this method for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)2 regulatory reporting and for monitoring process efficiency.

Hachs COD advantages

Hach offers complete systems for COD analysis with prepared reagents, a reactor, and direct-reading spectrophotometers or colorimeters all manufactured in house. No other company can deliver the same level of full-service consistency. Premeasured, ready-to-use reagents Save time with Hach's prepared COD reagents no weighing, preparing, pipetting, or transferring chemicals. Fast sample preparation and digestion You can complete COD tests easily, quickly, and accurately because every Hach COD system takes less than three hours. Space-saving equipment Hach's COD Reactor replaces cumbersome macro reflux setups. The reactor does the work of 25 hot plates and glassware setups! Minimal reagent usage The Hach micro reflux method uses only a small volume of reagent in each vial. These special vials are designed to prevent the escape of volatile organics, assure complete digestion, and reduce the danger of spills. Technical support When you purchase a COD system from Hach, a lifetime of technical support is included. Our technical support staff provides a higher level of service to customers and is happy to answer your questions. Illustrated procedures Technicians and analysts at all skill levels can get accurate results with Hach's COD Methods. The step-by-step instructions guide you through the procedure.
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Federal Register, Volume 45, No. 78, Monday, April 20, 1980, page 26811. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) reporting. (U.S.A.)

Hach COD Method offers convenience, speed, accuracy, and economy when you monitor COD in wastewater.

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USEPA-Approved Dichromate COD Method

How It Works:
A silver compound is added as a catalyst to promote oxidation of resistant organic compounds. Mercuric sulfate is also included to reduce interference from the oxidation of chloride ions by dichromate. This inhibitor will overcome up to 2000 mg/L of chloride interference.

Four ranges of COD reagent

High range and low range reagents are approved for USEPA reporting. Ultra-low range and high range plus reagents are not USEPA-approved. The ultra-low range reagent must be used with a spectrophotometer that has a 350-nm capability (Hach DR/4000 Spectrophotometer).

COD reagent ranges

Reagents High Range Plus High Range Low Range Ultra-low Range4
3 4

Ranges
4

Estimated Detection Limit 230 mg/L 23 mg/L 3 mg/L 0.2 mg/L3

0 to 15,000 mg/L 0 to 1,500 mg/L 0 to 150 mg/L 0 to 40 mg/L

EDLs are given for the DR/4000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. Not USEPA-approved for NPDES reporting.

You'll find the Hach USEPA-approved COD Method faster and easier to use than the traditional open reflux method. Without the hassles of preparing reagents, you can complete 25 COD tests in approximately two hours.

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TOC Direct Method:Affordable and Accurate

The Hach TOC (Total Organic Carbon) test provides a quick, inexpensive, and effective process control tool for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities. Use it to establish correlation to BOD or COD in order to determine the true organic load for a given waste stream. The high range test (100 to 700 mg/L) allows quick and frequent determination of organic load in all wastewater influent. The mid range test (15 to 150 mg/L) helps municipalities assess receiving or intermediate streams. The low range test (0 to 20 mg/L) is a convenient surrogate measure for COD in final effluent streams.

Benefits of the Hach TOC Method

Hach's TOC method provides a reliable and practical means for wastewater treatment facilities to measure organic carbon onsite as often as needed to optimize treatment processes instead of purchasing an expensive, traditional TOC analyzer or outsourcing TOC determinations to a contract laboratory. Affordable The Hach TOC method requires only a fraction of the investment and operational costs associated with a conventional TOC analyzer. Easy to use Only minimal training is required to perform the method. Accurate The Hach TOC method correlates well to regulatory approved instrumental methods on national waters and wastewater samples. No hazardous wastes Prepared reagents are contained in screw-capped vials to reduce laboratory and hazardous wastes and associated disposal problems.

The TOC method is a quick, inexpensive, and effective process control tool for wastewater applications. Note: Works with all Hach Spectrophotometers.

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COD and TOC Together

For new insight into your wastewater treatment process.
Using COD and TOC together provides a true picture of the organic load in wastewater. The COD/TOC ratio can change depending on the type of organic compounds present. Monitoring this ratio and fluctuations throughout your process can lead to more effective treatment strategies. COD2 Reagent Vials Hach also offers mercury-free COD2 Reagent vials suitable for non-reporting applications where chloride and ammonia interferences are considered to be at an acceptable level. The vials work well in samples with a fairly consistent composition. COD2 Reagent vials are only available to customers within the United States. For more information, visit www.hach.com or call 800-227-4224. Request literature no. 1356.

TOC provides a direct measure of the total organic carbon load in a waste stream. All organic-C atoms are captured as CO2, regardless of their oxygen demand. For example, C3H7N (allylamine) would theoretically have the same TOC as C3H6O2 (propionic acid) because they have the same number of carbons. COD reflects all chemically oxidizable substances and can be directly related to the true oxygen demand imposed by the effluent if released into the environment. For example, C3H7N (allylamine) would likely have a higher chemical oxygen demand than C3H6O2 (propionic acid) because more oxygen is required to break it down. The magnitude of the COD/TOC ratio provides a direct indication of the presence of certain organic compounds (e.g. alcohols, albumens). A shift in the COD/TOC ratio in the influent means a change in the type of organic compounds entering the system. Such a shift can impact the effectiveness of the biological purification process in the plant.

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Simplified BOD Testing

Smart, Unattended Analysis of Biochemical Oxygen Demand
The BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) test most closely models aerobic waste treatment and the aquatic ecosystem. It measures oxygen taken up by wastewater during the oxidation of organic matter over a five-day period. The test is limited in some industrial wastewaters containing heavy metal ions, cyanides, and other substances toxic to microorganisms.

BODTrak Apparatus
Hach's BODTrak Apparatus promotes easy BOD measurement by simplifying sample dilution and eliminating remote control devices. The BODTrak system is equally appreciated by experienced analysts who value test efficiency and by operators who require ease of use with accurate results.

Innovative BODTrak Features

5-, 7-, or 10-day test duration. Ranges: 0 to 35, 0 to 70, 0 to 350, and 0 to 700 mg/L. Shut-off occurs automatically. Hachs BOD measurement ensures accuracy. Data collection and storage is automated. Convenient touch-key pad enables easy interface. Simple keystrokes print a graphic display directly to your printer/labtop PC. Data input/output operates via RS-232 connection. Independent channel feature allows separate parameters for six samples. LCD graphic display continuously updates BOD test results and status. Electromagnetic stir bars ensure optimal oxygen transfer to the sample. Illustrated manual contains step-by-step, simple instructions. Easy sample dilution enables you to measure higher ranges of BOD.
BODTrak Apparatus runs unattended from start to finish. The instrument shuts off automatically and electronically stores BOD data for your review.

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USEPA-Approved BOD Dilution Method

To meet National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) regulations, you need to use the BOD Dilution Method, sensION8 Benchtop DO Meter which measures dissolved oxygen (DO) to sensION156 Portable determine BOD concentration. Multi-Parameter Meter fer your sample BOD data. HachLink 2000 sensION378 Benchtop Multi-Parameter Meter BOD Accessory Kit Model 50180 DO Probe For the BOD Dilution Method Procedure, enhancements. Request lit. no. 2504 for request lit. no. 8043 or visit www.hach.com. more information. is a user-friendly Microsoft Windows application that enables a personal computer to capture data from Hach laboratory instruments, with on-screen graphic These accessories can help as you perform the BOD Dilution Method: sensION6 Portable DO Meter

BODTrak and HachLink 2000 Together

Use Hach's Data Interface Software, HachLink 2000, to connect your BODTrak to a computer and easily update and trans-

Dilution method can be used with a sensION 6, 8, 156, or 378 meter.

Stable-Temperature BOD Incubation

Hach and ShelLab now offer the compact, economical BOD Incubator, ideally suited for wastewater treatment laboratories. You can incubate one BODTrak Apparatus or up to 62 BOD bottles in the Model 205 BOD Incubator. Refrigerated and IncuTrol/2 Regulator models are also available. Easy installation under any lab counter Microprocessor-controlled thermostat Digital LED with simple menu PID temperature control Fan-assisted, forced air circulation Hermetically sealed compressor Versatile shelving included 8

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Advantages of COD and TOC vs. BOD

The Best Choice
For industrial samples, COD or TOC may be the only feasible test because of the presence of bacterial inhibitors or other chemical interferences that would interfere with a BOD determination.

Reproducible Results
Generally, COD or TOC is preferred to BOD for process control measurements because results are more reproducible and are available in just two or three hours rather

USEPA-Approval
In many situations, COD may be reported for compliance monitoring in place of BOD by following USEPA or other regulatory comparability testing procedures. While BOD testing simulates the actual treatment plant process by measuring the organic material

Informed Decisions
microorganisms can oxidize, it actually COD and TOC testing also gives the fast measures chemically oxidizable matter. measurements required in many treatment The COD test is not a direct substitute for systems for informed decisions regarding the BOD test; however, a ratio usually can be process control. Many industrial and correlated municipal laboratories find that parallel This requires COD versus BOD testing for a COD and BOD testing is beneficial because specified period of time. the COD test can be used to target a specific BOD range. The need for multiple than five days. To measure oxygen demand, BOD dilutions is minimized or eliminated. biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) relies shows a direct correlation between COD and on bacteria to oxidize readily available BOD results, the regional agency will usually organic matter during a five-day incubaallow COD testing for permit reporting purtion period. COD uses strong chemicals to poses. Contact your regional USEPA office oxidize organic matter. for comparability test information. TOC is not USEPA reportable. USEPA office or other regulatory agency If comparative data submitted to a regional between the two tests.

BOD Bottles

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Colorimeters and Spectrophotometers

Featuring the new Odyssey DR/2500 Spectrophotometer
Fast, easy, accurate COD and TOC analysis
To colorimetrically measure reacted COD or TOC Reagent Vials, you need a colorimeter or spectrophotometer. Hach makes it easy to acquire a system that accommodates your budget, workload, and analytical requirements. Odyssey is the newest member of Hach's spectrophotometer family, with features that make it a first in the industry. If you currently use a titrimetric method to measure COD results, Hach's colorimetric method will eliminate buret titrations, which are technique-sensitive and require frequent standardizations, calculations, and additional reagents. a protective roof over the connection ports especially important when testing holder. An innovative sliding lid minimizes the motion needed to complete an analysis,

repetitively. The ergonomic enclosure offers

Odyssey DR/2500 Spectrophotometer

to minimize clean up and maintenance after spills.

The new Hach Odyssey DR/2500 is an innovative water analysis instrument At the heart of Odyssey is a patented concentric polychrometer optical system with nearly diffraction-limited performance and significantly reduced stray light for extended measurement range. The Odyssey polychrometer has no moving parts to wear out or be replaced, and single or simultaneous multiple wavelengths can be selected with unprecedented accuracy and precision.

designed to help industries and municipalities meet regulatory requirements for water, wastewater, and boiling/cooling water. Exciting new features include a touch screen display, built-in pH meter, automatic wavelength selection, and an adjustable cell

DR/4000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer

The DR/4000 is a scanning spectrophotometer available in two models: the DR/4000 U and the DR/4000 V. The DR/4000 U has ultraviolet and visible spectrum analysis capabilities with a 190 to
Visit www.hachodyssey.com for more information.

1100 nm range. The DR/4000 V has visible spectrum capabilities, from 320 to 1100 nm.

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Both models include 130 preprogrammed calibrations for common water and wastewater parameters, and both models accommodate a variety of cell sizes. The system includes on-screen prompting in English, French, Spanish, German, Portuguese, Japanese, or Russian.

Test N Tube vials, this carousel speeds testing with minimal operator intervention. Depending on the setup menu you select,

display in concentration, percent transmittance, or absorbance units.

Depending on your testing needs, you can the the DR/4000 sample automatically cells in a and rotates select a DR/820, DR/850 or DR/890 reads the Colorimeter, preprogrammed for at least concentrations preprogrammed 20, 50 or 90 parameters, respectively. All sequence. An alarm sounds when the three models include the same convenient readings are complete. The DR/4000 COD/Test N Tube Carousel is a productivity-enhancing tool that speeds COD and TOC testing. This fiveposition sample cell adapter is designed to provide a way to group, record, and quickly perform several sample measurements at a time. Configured to accept COD and features: auto-wavelength selection, data-

DR/800 Series Colorimeters

Hach DR/800 Series Colorimeters combine ease of use, economy, high testing capability and field readiness. Analysis requires minimal time and preparation, with results displayed directly on the large liquid-crystal

logging capabilities and user-generated calibrations. These durable, hand-held, filter-photometer instruments are designed specifically for the rigors of on-site testing, with rugged components and waterproof, dustproof, chemical-resistant housings.

Comparison of Hach Colorimeters and Spectrophotometers

Model

Lit. Number / Spec. Sheet Number 6201

Wavelength Range

Photometric Linearity

Nominal Bandwidth

Number of Preprogrammed Calibrations 120+

Catalog Number

Odyssey DR/2500 DR/4000 U

360 to 880 nm

<0.5% of full scale 0.002 A (0 to 1 A) 0.002 A (0 to 1 A) N/A

Not greater than 4 nm 4 nm nominal

59000-00

1439

190 to 1100 nm 320 to 1100 nm Specific to Installed Parameter

130+

48000-00

DR/4000 V

1439

4 nm nominal

130+

48100-00

DR/800 Series

1956

N/A

20, 50, or 90 depending on model

48440-00 DR/820 48450-00 DR/850 48470-00 DR/890

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Hachs COD Reactor

Hach's compact COD Reactor5 and reagent vials replace the hot plates, digestion flasks and reflux condensers used in the macro or titrimetric measurement after a automatically. Or choose continuous operation by using the rocker switch located on the reactor's front panel. The COD Reactor two-hour digestion.

Adjustable temperature
COD method. With the micro method, you The COD Reactor offers two settings for can simultaneously digest up to 25 samples temperature control. Select the factory-set in only one-half the bench space required by mode (150C) or dial in any temperature a single macro digestion setup (Erlenmeyer from 100 up to 160C. The reactor warms flask, reflux condenser, water hoses, hot up to digestion temperature in approxiplate, and lab stand). The Reactor can be mately 30 to 40 minutes. Accuracy is used with all of Hachs chemistries. maintained at 2C. Interchangeable aluminum digestion blocks and as IEC safety standards, as well The COD Reactor complies with UL, CSA, temperature verification. 195C. A metal thermometer is included for table, and safety-fused to shut down at is maintenance-free, 115/230 Vac selec-

Meets compliance standards

European

Union

Electromagnetic

Unattended operation
increase the reactor's capacity and versatilEquipped with a self-timer, the reactor perity. Use the optional accessory block for 21 forms digestions unattended. Just set the 16-mm tubes and four 22-mm tubes. built-in timer, and the reactor shuts off Compatibility and Emission standards.

Consistent digestions
The reactor is factory set to maintain 150C, consumes less than 240 watts of power, and generates far less ambient heat than open reflux setups. Reagent vial necks and caps reach a temperature of approximately 85C because they extend above the reactor. During digestion, a temperature differential develops between the reaction mixture at 150C and the cap at 85C, assuring proper reflux action. Samples
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COD Reactor Specifications

Ambient Operating Temperature: 10 to 46C Storage Temperature: -40 to 60C Temperature Stability: 0.5C (100 to 150C) Accuracy: (150C mode): 2C @ 25C ambient Range Adjustment: <100 to 160C adjustment minimum Warm-Up Time: 30 to 40 minutes from 25 to 150C Timer: 0 to 120 minutes with audible alarm and automatic shutoff mode Thermometer: 0 to 200C, 1-inch dial gauge, 1%, 2C divisions Power Requirements: Selectable 115/230 Vac, 8.5%, 50/60 Hz, 220 W Block: Interchangeable, black anodized aluminum, 11.4 x 11.4 x 6.3 cm (4.5 x 4.5 x 2.5) Capacity: 25 16 x 100-mm vials, 1 thermometer. Optional block available with capacity for 21 16-mm tubes, four 22-mm tubes, and one thermometer

are

ready

for

colorimetric Dimensions: 20.3 x 12.1 x 30.5 cm (8 x 4.75 x 12)

Important note: COD digestions should be carried out only in the Hach COD Reactor. Placing the COD Reagent Vials in an oven may cause damage to the caps, resulting in leakage and contamination. (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition, page 5.15). Digestion in an oven will also inhibit proper refluxing action in the vial.

Weight: Net, 3.5 kg (7.75 lbs); Shipping, 4 kg (9 lbs) Specifications to change without notice.

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How to Order
USEPA-Approved Dichromate COD Method COD Reagent Vials
24159-25 24159-15 21259-25 21259-15 21258-25 21258-15 24158-25 24158-15 12186-29 25651-25 25650-25 High Range Plus (0 to 15000 mg/L), 25/pk High Range Plus (0 to 15000 mg/L), 150/pk High Range (0 to 1500 mg/L), 25/pk High Range (0 to 1500 mg/L), 150/pk Low Range (0 to 150 mg/L), 25/pk Low Range (0 to 150 mg/L), 150/pk Ultra-Low Range (0 to 40 mg/L), 25/pk Ultra-Low Range (0 to 40 mg/L), 150/pk COD Standard Solution, 300 mg/L, 200 mL Mercury-Free COD2 Reagent Vials, High Range (0 to 1500 mg/L), 25/pk Mercury-Free COD2 Reagent Vials, Low Range (0 to 150 mg/L), 25/pk

USEPA-Approved BOD Dilution Method BOD Equipment

26162-00 26162-02 2597-00 2597-02 50182-00 BOD Incubator Model 205, 110 Vac, 50/60 Hz BOD Incubator Model 205, 240 Vac, 50/60 Hz IncuTrol/2 Regulator, 115 Vac, 60 Hz IncuTrol/2 Regulator, 220 Vac, 50 Hz BOD Accessory Kit

BOD Dilution Accessories

14160-66 14861-66 14862-66 14863-98 2533-35 2533-34 459-01 24712-00 621-00 2419-06 1909-03 BOD Nutrient Buffer Pillows, prepares 300 mL, 50/pk BOD Nutrient Buffer Pillows, prepares 3 L, 50/pk BOD Nutrient Buffer Pillows, prepares 6 L, 50/pk BOD Nutrient Buffer Pillows, prepares 19 L, 25/pk Formula 2533 Nitrification Inhibitor, 35 g Formula 2533 Nitrification Inhibitor, 500 g Formula 2533 Dispenser Cap for 35-g bottle BOD Seed Inoculum, 50 capsules BOD Bottle and Glass Stopper, 300 mL BOD Bottle Cap, plastic, 6/pk BOD Stopper, acrylic

Required Apparatus
45600-00 45600-02 45717-01 50030-00 45655-00 18641-00 COD Reactor, 115/230 Vac, 50/60 Hz COD Reactor, 230 Vac/50 Hz, with continental European power cord and accessories COD Reactor Accessory Block, optional Safety Shield for Laboratory Bench COD Reactor Thermometer, dial, 0 to 200C, replacement Test Tube Rack (for cooling vials), steel, 10 vials

TOC Direct Method

27603-45 28159-45 27604-45 Total Organic Carbon Direct Method, Low Range (0 to 20.0 mg/L) Test N Tube Reagent Set Total Organic Carbon Direct Method, Mid Range (15 to 150 mg/L) Test N Tube Reagent Set Total Organic Carbon Direct Method, High Range (100 to 700 mg/L) Test N Tube Reagent Set

BOD Manometric Method BODTrak Apparatus System

26197-00 BODTrak Apparatus, 115/230 Vac, 50/60 Hz. Includes six 473-mL amber glass BOD bottles, power supply cord, stopcock grease, six magnetic stir bars, a polypropylene analytical funnel, 50 BOD Nutrient Buffer Pillows, 50 Lithium Hydroxide Powder Pillows, and an illustrated manual.

Literature Available
7053 7073 1608 6200 9323 2058 1356 Science of COD Bluebook BODTrak Apparatus procedure TOC Brochure Odyssey DR/2500 Spectrophotometer Brochure Waste Disposal Information Letter TOC Application Note COD2 Reagent Vials Specification Sheet

Methods and technical articles for Hach instruments are available at

www.hach.com.
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Visit Hach online at www.hach.com

For current price information, technical assistance, and ordering assistance, contact the Hach office or distributor serving your area.

Distributors Worldwide Hach maintains a network of dealers, distributors, and technical representatives throughout the world. Please contact one of the offices listed for the name of the representative serving your area.

In the United States, contact: HACH COMPANY P.O. Box 389 Loveland, Colorado 80539-0389 U.S.A. Telephone: 800-227-4224 Fax: 970-669-2932 E-mail: orders@hach.com http://www.hach.com All other inquiries, contact: HACH COMPANY P.O. Box 389 Loveland, Colorado 80539-0389 U.S.A. Telephone: 970-669-3050 Fax: 970-461-3939 E-mail: intl@hach.com http://www.hach.com
Lit. No. 4244 Printed in U.S.A. X-XXX Hach Company, 2001.

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