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Evgeny Vanin
Acreo Netlab, Electrum 236, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden email: evgeny.vanin@acreo.se
Slide 1
Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
ALPHA team and the project coordinator Dr. Misha Popov
Slide 2
Outline Outline
Part 1 : Introduction Part 1 : Introduction
History History Basic principles of OFDM (DMT): Basic principles of OFDM (DMT): QAM mapping QAM mapping digital (DFFT generated) subcarriers, digital (DFFT generated) subcarriers, cyclic prefix (CP) cyclic prefix (CP) digital to analog / analog to digital converters (DAC/ADC) channel estimation channel estimation power and bit loading power and bit loading adaptive signal modulation adaptive signal modulation
Overview of potential applications of intensity-modulated (IM) optical OFDM in intensityaccess and home networks access and home networks transmission media laser sources laser sources
Slide 3
Part 2: Performance evaluation of IM optical OFDM system Part 2: Performance evaluation of IM optical OFDM system
Simplified schematic of the system Simplified schematic of the system Digital baseband distortion: signal clipping and quantization in DAC Digital baseband distortion: signal clipping and quantization in DAC Signal biasing for optical intensity modulation Additive receiver noise Additive receiver noise
Importance of signal clipping (why clipping distortion is deliberate?) Importance of signal clipping (why clipping distortion is deliberate?)
Analytical results: Definition of system model parameters Definition of system model parameters Definition of system model parameters Definition of system model parameters Effective SNR and system BER versus clipping ratio and bit resolution Effective SNR and system BER versus clipping ratio and bit resolution Analytical model verification: comparison with direct error counting simulations Analytical model verification: comparison with direct error counting simulations Optimum clipping ratio Optimum clipping ratio Minimum required bit resolution versus QAM constellation size Optical power sensitivity Optical power sensitivity Comparison of IM optical OFDM and M-ary ASK systems Comparison of IM optical OFDM and M-ary ASK systems Conclusions Conclusions
(two alternative modulation formats for transmitting many bits per signal sample / bandwidth)
Slide 4
R. W. Chang, Synthesis of band-limited orthogonal signals for multichannel data transmission, Bell Sys. Tech. J. 45, 1775-1796, 1966.
R. W. Chang, Orthogonal frequency multiplex data transmission system, U.S. Patent 3 488 445, 1970.
Slide 5
References.: J. Armstrong, OFDM for Optical Communications, J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 189-204, (2009). W. Shieh, I. Djordjevic, OFDM for optical communications (Academic Press, 2010). Abbreviations: ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, DMT - Discrete MultiTone
Slide 6
In RF communication systems OFDM provides a simple way of dealing with multipath transmission by using a relatively simple DSP algorithms
In optical communications OFDM is useful for: compensation of modal dispersion in MMF, ... chromatic dispersion in SMF, ... multipath in free space effective use of bandwidth limited opto-electronic components ...
Slide 7
I IFFT
P/S
OFDM symbol
IFFT
Slide 8
DC bias
Digital Analog
Tx OFDM spectrum
Slide 9
OFDM receiver
Rx OFDM spectrum
CP
Optical signal
S/P
FFT
Equalizer
Slide 10
Rx
-8
-4 0 4 frequency, GHz
Solution: Solution: - Power loading: redistribute the signal power among subcarriers at DAC input - Bit loading: use different size of QAM constellation among subcarriers - Adaptive modulation: adjust power and bit size at each subcarrier to maximize the transmission capacity
1x10 Spectrum (a.u.) 1x10 1x10 1x10 1x10
-2 -1 0
1x100
x
Spectrum (a.u.) 1x10
-1
Rx
1x10
-2
-3
1x10
-4
-3
-4
-8
-4 0 4 frequency, GHz
Slide 11
Slide 12
Importance of signal clipping (why clipping distortion is deliberate?) Importance of signal clipping (why clipping distortion is deliberate?)
Analytical results: Analytical results: Definition of system model parameters Effective SNR and system BER versus clipping ratio and bit resolution Effective SNR and system BER versus clipping ratio and bit resolution Optimum clipping ratio Optimum clipping ratio Minimum required bit resolution versus QAM constellation size Minimum required bit resolution versus QAM constellation size Optical power sensitivity of OFDM receiver Optical power sensitivity of OFDM receiver Comparison of IM optical OFDM and M-ary ASK systems Comparison of IM optical OFDM and M-ary ASK systems Conclusions
(two alternative modulation formats for transmitting many bits per signal sample / bandwidth) (two alternative modulation formats for transmitting many bits per signal sample / bandwidth)
Slide 13
DATA
DSP DAC
DSP
Inset A:
Digital baseband distortion due to clipping and quantization
Inset B:
Optical power
DC bias
Drive current
Slide 14
DC bias
time
time
Useful signal power is increased. Clipping distortion Clipping distortion noise is small.
Slide 15
R=
x0
x0 < x 2 (t ) >
x0
time
N bit
2 Nbit
I2 I noise C &Q + I therm + I shot + I2 + I2
SNReff =
2
x ( P0 ) S0 = 0 2 xDC (Sth + 2q P0 ) f
2
time
Analytical derivations are based on Bussgang theorem: J. J. Bussgang, Crosscorrelation functions of amplitude-distorted Gaussian signals, Research Lab. Electron, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, USA, Tech. Rep. 216, Mar. 1952.
For detail derivations see: E. Vanin, Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 5, pp. 4280-4293 (2011)
Slide 16
S0
BERM QAM
Slide 17
S0=45dB
55dB
S0
50dB
45dB SNReff, dB
30
40dB
35dB 20
30dB
25dB 10
20dB
15dB
10dB 0 0 2 4 6 8
10
12
14
Clipping ratio, dB
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1x10-2
BER
1x10-3
16-QAM S0=28dB, Nbit=4 NFFT=16 NFFT=32 NFFT=128
BER 1x10-3
1x10-4
12
8 10 Clipping ratio, dB
12
1x10-2
BER
1x10-3
1x10-4 8
10 12 Clipping ratio, dB
Evgeny Vanin, Acreo Netlab Seminar, 2 March 2011
14
Slide 19
Nbit=2 Nbit=6
Nbit=3
Nbit=4
Nbit=5
Nbit=7 Nbit=8
50 40 30
30 20 10 0 20 30 12 10 8 6 4 2 10 20 SNR eff, dB 30
-20
-16
-12
-8
-4
-2
-3
S
th
0.8 A/W
16 pA/ Hz
10 GHz
1x10 1x10
-7
-6
Slide 20
1x10
-3
3.3dB
1x10-4
BER
1x10-5
4-QAM/QPSK
16-QAM
256-QAM
1x10
-6
2-ASK/OOK
4-ASK
8-ASK 16-ASK
32-ASK 64-QAM
Slide 21
Conclusions
- Analytical results on performance evaluation of IM optical OFDM system - Analytical results on performance evaluation of IM optical OFDM system modelling are obtained modelling are obtained - Optimum clipping ratio - Optimum clipping ratio - BER - Received optical power sensitivity - Received optical power sensitivity - Minimum required bit resolution versus QAM constellation size - Minimum required bit resolution versus QAM constellation size
- IM optical OFDM requires about 3-3.5 dB higher received optical power in - IM optical OFDM requires about 3-3.5 dB higher received optical power in comparison with M-ary ASK system comparison with M-ary ASK system
- Considered model does not account for fibre dispersion and nonlinearity, laser chirp etc. Accounting for these effects is the prospect for future work. chirp etc. Accounting for these effects is the prospect for future work.
- Presented results can be used as an idealized reference for complicated - Presented results can be used as an idealized reference for complicated numerical codes and system experiments
Slide 22