Semester 2 Thorax

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. What are the boundaries of the thoracic outlet? What are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet? What are the bones of the thoracic skeleton? How many true ribs? How many false ribs? What are false ribs? How many floating ribs? What type of cartilage are costal cartilages? What is the scalene tubercle? Which structure crosses the subclavian groove? Distinguish between a typical cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. What is the xiphoid process? At what vertebral level are the manubrium and sterna angle located? What are the origin, attachment and action of the Pectoralis Major? What are the origin, attachment and action of the Pectoralis Minor? What are the origin, attachment and action of the Serratus Anterior? What are the origin, attachment and action of the Sternocleidomastoid? What is the fibre direction of the External intercoastal muscles? What is the fibre direction of the Internal intercoastal muscles? What is the fibre direction of the Innermost intercoastal muscles? Where do the anterior intercostal arteries arise? Where do the anterior intercostals veins empty? What are the peripheral attachments of the diaphragm? What is the central tendon and what is it made up of? At full expiration what level of intercostal space is it at? Which structures pass through the diaphragm and at what level do they pierce the diaphragm? What nerve supplies the diaphragm? How far does the lung extend superiorly and inferiorly? What are the three borders of the lungs? What are the three surfaces on the lungs? Which lung is the shortest and widest? Name the lobes and fissures of the lungs. Where is the cardiac notch and lingual of the lung? What are the four impressions on the mediastinal surface of the left lung? What are the four impressions on the mediastinal surface of the right lung? What structures can be seen entering the hilum of the lung> Which blood vessels supply the lung? Where do the arteries arise and veins empty into? What are the boundaries and contents of the Superior mediastinum? What are the boundaries and contents of the Anterior mediastinum? What are the boundaries and contents of the Middle mediastinum? What are the boundaries and contents of the Posterior mediastinum? In which mediastinum does the trachea bifurcate? Name the three branches arising from the aortic arch? What vein unites the left and right brachiocephalic vein? What regions do the brachiocephalic vessels drain?

47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.

Which lymphatic vessel is located in the superior mediastinum? Where do the vagus nerves arise? Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the vagus nerve? Which vessel does the azygous vein empty into? Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the hilum of the lungs? Which branches of the aorta arise within the thorax? Which vessels contribute to the azygous vein? What regions do the azygous veins drain? Where does the thoracic duct arise? Trace the direction of the major veins and arteries. Name the three borders of the heart. What chambers form each border? Which chambers form each of the heart surfaces? What are the major internal structures of the right atrium? What are the major internal structures of the left atrium? What are the major internal structures of the right ventricle? What are the major internal structures of the left ventricle? Which areas does the Left coronary artery supply? Which areas does the Right coronary artery supply? Which areas does the Circumflex artery supply? Which areas does the Marginal artery supply? Which areas does the Anterior Interventricular artery supply? Which areas does the Posterior Interventricular artery supply? Where is the SA node? Where is the AV node? Where are the Purkinje fibres located?