National Workshop on Intelligent Transportation System 25-26 June, 2010, Pune

Applications of ITS in Bus Transit

H M Naqvi Head-Research & Consultancy Division, Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune www.cirtindia.com

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Presentation Outline
Bus transit scenario in India & issues About ITS Applications of ITS in Bus Transit AVL/Vehicle tracking Passenger Information System Trip Planner Traffic signal priority E-ticketing
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Bus Transit Scenario in India

as on 31.3.2008

Rural

Urban

Hilly

Total

No. of STUs No. of buses held

(Crores)

27 99,914 (81)

14 19,869 (16) 633 (28)

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10 4,200 (3) 19 (1)

51 1,23,983 (100) 2293 (100)

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Pass 1641 carried** (71)

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Source: STU profile and performance, 2007-08

**data coverage 92.4% of operation

Issues in Bus Transit System

Land-use pattern incompatible with transit use; Lack of high-quality service, with long and unreliable travel times; Lack of comfort; Security concerns; and, Incompatible with the way people currently travel(say trip chaining)
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Intelligent Transport System?

ITS is the deployment of advanced information and telecommunication technologies to enhance the Safety, Efficiency, Reliability, User and Environmental friendliness of the Transport System
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Functional areas of ITS

Advanced Traffic Management Systems(ATMS)infrastructure based

Integrate management of various roadway functions Predict traffic congestion and alternative routing

Advanced Traveler Information Systems(ATIS)in vehicle equipment based

Provide data to travelers in their vehicles/home Location of incidents, road/weather condition Future areas-Integration of traveler information with network management and travel information system
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Functional areas of ITS-contd

Advanced Vehicle Control Systems(AVCS)
Enhances drivers control of the vehicle to make travel safe and more efficient.

Commercial Vehicle Operations(CVO)

Improves productivity of operators fleet and efficiency (trucks/vans/taxis) of operations.

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Functional areas of ITS-contd..

Advanced Public Transportation Systems(APTS)
Enhances the accessibility of information to users Improve scheduling of PT Utilization of bus fleets

Advanced Rural Transportation Systems(ARTS)

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ITS Transit Technologies

Automatic vehicle location; Passenger Information System; Real-time trip/journey planner; Traffic signal priority; and, Electronic fare payment
Improves
Transit productivity Quality of service Real-time information
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Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)/Vehicle Tracking

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Conventional System of Vehicle Tracking(VT)

VT carried out manually by posting traffic controllers/time-keepers at important points Does not give 100% coverage besides it depends on human errors It is very expensive and not tamper proof The data generated as entries in the register are not processable
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Need for Vehicle Tracking

Fleet management involves ensuring timely arrival and dispatch of buses It becomes difficult when more number of buses are involved and they make repetitive trips The failure of the fleet management results in unpopular of the industry and shift in traffic to personalized modes of transport Monitoring of Private hired buses was essential and vital (route & km operated)
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Automatic Vehicle Location

Helps in automatically determining geographic location of a vehicle and transmits information to the requester. Locates through GPS/active RFID and transmit information using satellite/terrestrial radio/cellular system.

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BMTC, Bangalore

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Vehicle Tracking through Off-line GPS Pilot project on 200 vehicles started
in 1999 & developed the GPS modules through BEL, Bangalore A memory module was added to the receiver to store the positional data for three days Bus battery power was drawn for the unit Installed the unit on the buses & control room was established Personnel to man the Control room were developed through training GIS map of road network created and value added layers were added
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Deficiencies in Off-line System

Frequent failures of modules reported due to exposure of the units to water at depot Daily removal of data logger caused damages to unit besides data transfer cumbersome process Manpower requirement more for data downloading The analytical reports were not readily available as the process is time consuming and reports are available very belatedly The trained personnel were transferred/acquiring better placements causing loss of manpower resources in the field Having observed deficiencies, BMTC introduced on-line GPS system through outsourcing on BOOT basis.
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GPS Satellite

Wireless Network

PC displaying Vehicle Location on Map GPS based Vehicle Mounted Unit

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AVLS How does it work?

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Tracking of Vehicle Movement

The GPS data was used for tracking the movement of the vehicle off line

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Typical GPS Analysis Report

Date: 18-03-2001 Missed Trips: 2 Schedule No: 356/2 Veh.No. KAO1F2228 Depot: 15 Trips to be operated as per Form-IV : 11 Trips run on time: Nil Effective kms: 228.6 Trips Deviated: Nil Trips operated as per GPS data : 9 Trips operated Late: Nil Cancelled kms: 28.0 Trips run Early: 9 Scheduled Kms.: 256.6

GPS kms: 232.2

Comments:
As per the evaluation report, recordings of data is correct. As per Form-IV, the schedule has to start at 8.00 hrs from MDL and returns to MDL at 20.35 hrs As per the GPS data, the schedule has left the MDL at 9.10hrs delay by 1hr 10min and returned to MDL at 19.40 hrs early by 55 min performing 9 trips. Trips operated as per form IV: Nil Trips operated Late Nil. Trips deviate: Nil Trips operated Early: The 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 1oth and 11th trips were operated 15min, 20min, 15min, 30min, 10min,20min,15min, 1hr and 1hr early. Trips Missed and Kms cancelled: The 1st and 2nd trips were cancelled accounting to cancellation of 28.00 kms. Remarks: The Schedule is irregular
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Information derived on-line GPS

Real-time tracking of vehicles alongwith speed. Early & late departures and arrivals of the vehicles from depots/bus stations Identification of Non-completion of trips Deviation in trips Cancellations of trips Extra trips operated Idle time of the vehicles Skipping of bus stops Speed violation Accounting of loss of time in non-performing trips Accurate computation of operated and Cancelled kms Accurate Billing of Private operators Kilometres, which comes to 60 million Rupees per month
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Further Benefits Derivable from the System

Schedule Adherence
Better time management, Optimum utilization of available fleet & crew Better revenue per bus Effective route planning Avoiding unnecessary over time and extra duty charges Punctuality in pickup-and drop attracting more people to travel result in increase in trip revenue
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Further Benefits Derivable from the System

Control over Deviation
Route deviation Stoppage deviation Non-stoppage at scheduled stops

Advantages
Savings in fuel cost due to monitoring of driving habits Control over private operator vehicles
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Further Benefits Derivable from the System

Traffic Load Analysis

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Reschedule of time table to have proper load balancing Trimming of redundant schedule routes GIS based analysis for traffic load estimation Analysis of traffic congestion helping in rescheduling of bus timings All time information on total vehicle onroad
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Further Benefits Derivable from the System

Driving Pattern Analysis
o Speed violation, acceleration/deceleration,

extra stoppage time etc. result in o Less accidents o Lower wear and tear of buses o Reduction in unnecessary and unscheduled crew stoppage time attributing for better fleet utilization

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Fleet Management

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Passenger Information System (PIS)

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Passenger Information System

An electronic information system which provides realtime passenger information. May include both prediction about arrival/departure time and information about nature & cause of disruption. Information delivered via
automated answering machine (telephone), touch screen kiosk, internet through website, PDA/Mobile(SMS), LED display screen at stations

Also called as bus information system in Korea, Japan

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PIS in Indian Cities

Delhi on 4 BRTS routes (58 PIS LED boards on BQSs) Predicts ETA of buses through GPRS connection Pune On-board display with audio-100 Bus stop display-104 Bus terminal-6 Predicts ETA of buses
KELTRON/ARYA OMNITALK Bus terminal display

Bangalore Chennai Ahmedabad Indore

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On-board display

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PIS
Purpose
Improve public transport efficiency Real-time information on bus arrival at bus stops Real-time information on bus departure at bus terminals Real-time audio-visual announcement of next bus stop inside bus

Beneficiary
General Public Travel planning Comfort level Reduces anxiety about bus arrival Stakeholder Monitor and improve fleet efficiency Improve quality of service
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Mobile Phone Information

SMS is increasingly being seen as a useful medium for providing real time information to passengers. As the mobile phone ownership is high SMS to public transport information is significant. Therefore any information service can be tapped
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Internet RTPI
The Internet is frequently used as there is a greater scope to provide more detailed information than at bus stops and bus locations can be displayed on a GIS map. This provides a powerful and dynamic tool allowing travelers to plan their journeys more precisely.
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Real-time Trip Planner for Bus Transit

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About Trip Planner

Trip/Journey Planner for transit facilitate user to search the best possible route say
shortest travel time, least number of transfers, least fare, etc) with respect to his/her origin and destination through internet. Static Trip Planner Real-time Trip Planner
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Static Trip planner in India-Mumbai

Input Output

combined route search: bus & rail (separate options shall be preferable) uses static transit data

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Static Trip planner in India-Mumbai

Input

Output

-replacing printed time-table - trip timings, headway, city route map missing -limited information about transit route to users
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Trip planner Abroad

Berlin Input Input

London
Output

TfL uses pseudo/real-time data, hence traffic congestion, cancellation of transit trip, changes in headway during off-peak, weekend trip addressed advanced options available: date, time of journey, walk distance from O/D on-line ticket purchase not available, separate option for bus & rail itinerary not available

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Automatic Fare Collection System

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Convention Fare Collection System

The revenue in a public transport industry is collected by the conductor through a conventional method of selling pre-printed tickets or spot writing tickets The process is cumbersome, time consuming and tough to handle Has chances for mis-appropriation and malpractices Problem of change in disbursement Electronic Ticketing Machine is one E-Ticketing of the solution

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ETM specifications-hand-held ticket vending machines

32 key keyboard and printer 350 gms weight Palm held Dimension 75mm x 240mm x 33mm Simple operation, punch number and print ticket Route configuration (upto 500 routes) Each route can have upto 250 stages Status monitoring facility High efficiency battery having capability to print 3500 tickets in one charging RF card reading capability GSM and RM radar compatible Bar coding capability RS232 and I/R port 8000 ticket memory One second ticket printing time
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Photos of ETM

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Bus Priority Signal

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Transit Signal Priority

It facilitates the movement of bus transit vehicles through traffic signal controlled intersections. Objective is to improve schedule adherence and improved transit travel time efficiency while minimizing impacts to normal traffic. In Portland, TriMet was able to improve 10% TT and 19% reduction in TT variability. Los Angles reported 25% improvement in TT with TSP.

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Components in TSP
A detection system that let the TSP system know where the vehicle requesting signal priority is located. Priority request generator alerts Traffic Control System about vehicle like to receive priority. Software process the request and decides whether and how to grant priority based on the programmed. Priority control strategies Manages system, collects data and generate reports
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Bus Transit Priority SignalA Simplified Representation

Pd-bus approaching upstream detected at Point Pd, alerts Traffic Control about bus priority Pc-After passing signal, clearance is detected at point Pc C- Traffic controller (provides priority by extending Green/truncate Red phase)

Pd
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Pc
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Benefits of ITS in Bus Transit

Reduce waiting time and uncertainty Increases the accessibility of the system Increase the safety of users Reduce the fuel consumption and emissions Reduce the operational costs Improve traffic efficiency Reduce traffic congestion Improve environmental quality and energy efficiency Improve economic productivity
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