Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section

Sample #: What do you know about this sample? (This will help you use your knowledge of geology to determine what minerals may be present, or must be excluded) Igneous/sedimentary/metamorphic? Sample location? Geologic setting Rock type Other useful information?

Geologic Context:

Microscope Set-up

Key Observations

What do you see? How many different minerals are evident? Note different 1. Low Power, PPL minerals distinguished by: large v. small, shape--platy, equant, prismatic, etc. Do Reconaissance some minerals show distinctive colors? A sketch might be useful. Notes: List the different types of minerals that you will need to identify. Annotate your sketch or photo. Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph

Scale: What do you see now? Note different mineral types with these properties: isotropic v. anisotropic; high v. low birefringence; parallel v. inclined extinction. What 2. Low Power, XN interesting textures do you see: e.g. alignment of grains; inclusions of one mineral Reconaissance in another; minerals that appear to replace or overgrow another. Notes: List the different types of minerals that you will need to identify. Annotate your sketch or photo. Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph

Scale:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section 3. Mineral Identification
A. Opaque Minerals--describe the shape and occurrence of all opaque minerals Microscope Set-Up Plane Polarized Light Describe: Opaque 1 Opaque 2 Notes and Sketch: Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph Habit Crystal Form Occurrence (inclusions, disseminated)

Scale: B. Isotropic Minerals--describe the properties of any isotropic minerals Microscope Set-Up Cross Polarized Light Mineral Name Habit, form, shape Iso 1: Iso 2: Notes and Sketch: Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph Cleavages; how many, Relief: Other: Color, occurrence (vein, porphyroblast, what angles? high, med, etc).

Scale:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section 3. Mineral Identification--Anisotropic Minerals C. Primary Minerals (Paragenesis)
Mineral 1 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial) Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Birefringence (high med Relief (high, med,low) low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Mineral 2 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Birefringence (high med Relief (high, med,low) low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section 3. Mineral Identification--Anisotropic Minerals C. Primary Minerals (Paragenesis)
Mineral 3 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Birefringence (high med Relief (high, med,low) low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Mineral 4 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial) Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Birefringence (high med Relief (high, med,low) low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section 3. Mineral Identification--Anisotropic Minerals
C. Primary Minerals (Paragenesis); Anisotropic minerals; Mineral 5 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Birefringence (high med Relief (high, med,low) low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Mineral 6 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Birefringence (high med Relief (high, med,low) low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section 3. Mineral Identification--Anisotropic Minerals D. Accessory Minerals: zircon, apatite, titanite,
Mineral 1 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Relief (high, med,low)

Birefringence (high med low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Mineral 2 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Relief (high, med,low) Length Fast/Slow

Birefringence (high med low, 1 2 3color) Twins--type

Pleochroism/Color Compositional Zoning

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical Other

Notes and Sketch:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section 3. Mineral Identification--Anisotropic Minerals D. Accessory Minerals--zircon, apatite, titanite, .
Mineral 3 Name: Physical Properties Optical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Uniaxial/Biaxial Birefringence (high med low, 1 2 3color) Cleavage; How many; Angles Optic Sign (+ or -) Other 2V (if biaxial) Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Relief (high, med,low)

Pleochroism/Color

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Mineral 4 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Relief (high, med,low)

Birefringence (high med low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section 3. Mineral Identification--Anisotropic Minerals D. Alteration or Retrograde Minerals--sericite, chlorite, carbonate.
Mineral 1 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Relief (high, med,low)

Birefringence (high med low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Mineral 2 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Relief (high, med,low) Length Fast/Slow

Birefringence (high med low, 1 2 3color) Twins--type

Pleochroism/Color Compositional Zoning

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical Other

Notes and Sketch:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section 3. Mineral Identification--Anisotropic Minerals D. Alteration or Retrograde Minerals--sericite, chlorite, carbonate,.
Mineral 3 Name: Physical Properties Optical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Uniaxial/Biaxial Birefringence (high med low, 1 2 3color) Cleavage; How many; Angles Optic Sign (+ or -) Other 2V (if biaxial) Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Relief (high, med,low)

Pleochroism/Color

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Mineral 4 Name: Physical Properties Habit/Form/Shape Cleavage; How many; Angles Other

Optical Properties

Uniaxial/Biaxial

Optic Sign (+ or -)

2V (if biaxial)

Relief (high, med,low)

Birefringence (high med low, 1 2 3color)

Pleochroism/Color

Extinction Angle; parallel, inclined, symmetrical

Length Fast/Slow

Twins--type

Compositional Zoning

Other

Notes and Sketch:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section
Based on H. Williams, F.J. Turner, C. M., Gilbert, (1982), Petrography An Intrdocution to the Study of Rocks in Thin Sections, 2nd Ed., p. 53-67 and 79-89.

Igneous Petrography Sample #: Geologic Context:

Before you start: What do you already know about this sample? This will help you use your knowledge of geology to determine what minerals may be present, and what textures are significant to interpret geologic processes and history. Sample location? Geologic setting? Rock type or association, if known? Other useful information?

The following observations could or should be made for any petrographic analysis of an igneous rock. This guide will help you to ask the appropriate questions, and seek the answers, that will lead you to the comprehensive description of a thin section that is needed to interpret geologic processes and history. 1. General Textural Characteristics
A. Degree of Crystallinity: Is this rock Holocrystalline Amorphous (glassy) Does it have minute tabular crystals, microlites B. Grain Size Aphanitic (not visible to the naked eye) Microcrystalline (observed with a microscope) Phaneritic (grains observable with hand lens) Uniform grain size, < 1 mm, fine-grained Uniform grain size, between 1-5 mm, medium grained Uniform grain size, between 5 mm- 3 cm, coarse grained Uniform grain size, > 3 cm, very coarse grained C. Igneous Fabrics (Shape of individual grains and relationships between grains) Euhedral, grains entirely bounded by rational crystal faces Subhedral, grains partly bounded by rational crystal faces Anhedral, Devoid of crystal faces, irregular shapes Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph

Scale: Notes:

D. Some Specific Igneous Textures to Look For Equigranular, equidimensional, equant grains of uniform size Subhedral granular, some grains w/ eu-, sub-, and anhedral (also called granitic, or hypidiomorphic-granular) Anhedral granular, most grains are anhedral Inequigranular Textures Porphyritic Texture Fine grained "groundmass" or matrix is present Distinctly larger phenocrysts are present Microporphyritic--phenocrysts must be seen with 'scope Serrate porphyritic--continuous variation in grain size Hiatal porphyritic--two distinct populations of grain sizes Glomeroporphyritic--phenocrysts in clusters Vitrophyric, phenocrysts lie in glassy matrix Cumulate Textures--aggregate of grains accumulated due to crystal settling Intercumulus--minerals from interstitial melt in final stages of crystallization Intergrowths Graphic, cuniform intergrowth of quartz and Kspar Myrmekite, "wormy" intergrowths of quartz in sodic plag; replacement of potassic feldspar at contacts with plag. Ophitic, plag laths enclosed in large sub-hedral pyroxene Poikilitic, randomly oriented grains entirely enclosed by loptically contiuous crystals of another composition Exsolution Perthite--lamellae of plagioclase in Kspar Anti-perthite--laemellae of Kspar in plagioclase "Inverted Pigeonite"--oriented cpx lamellae in opx Some Reaction Textures Relict minerals--remnants of an early stage of crystallization that have not been completely replaced Coronas or Reaction Rims--early-stage grains surrounded by later overgrowths in a reaction series Some Textures in Volcanic Rocks/Lavas Intergranular--small grains fill interstices Intersertal--interstices are filled with glass or secondary minerals Hyalopilitic--glass occupies interspaces between microlites Pyroclastic--fractured appearance of grains Glass, Pumice, Fiamme Matrix Grains Felty--microlites of plag, irregularly oriented in matrix Trachytic--sub-parallel orientation of microlites in matrix Vesicular--spherical or ovoid cavities in rock Amygdaloidal--vesicles filled with secondary minerals Drusy or Mariolitic--terminated crystals grow into vesicles

Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph

Scale: Notes:

Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph

Scale: Notes:

2. Petrographic Classification of Igneous Rocks

A. Color Index (CI): Ratio of dark to light colored minerals; estimated visually or determined by point count B. Modal Mineralogy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL G. Volcanic Fragments Pumice Glass shards Fiamme (bent and flattened glass) Plot the composition on this ternary diagram; label the apices; draw the appropriate fields from the IUGS classification. % Estimated or Point Count C. Plagioclase Composition Phenocrysts Zoning Normal (Anx - Any) Reverse (Any-Anx) Oscillatory Groundmass D. Phenocryst % An%

E. Alteration/Retrograde Minerals 1 2 3 4 F. Accessory Minerals 1 2 3

IUGS Igneous Classification, Streckeisen (1976)

Plutonic Felsic Rocks Gabbroic Rocks

Volcanic Felsic Rocks

Ultramafic Rocks

Diagram used to Estimate the proportion components and matrix.

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section Sedimentary Petrography-Clastic Rocks Sample #: Geologic Context:
Based on H. Williams, F.J. Turner, C. M., Gilbert, (1982), Petrography An Intrdocution to the Study of Rocks in Thin Sections, 2nd Ed., p. 300-314; 325-362

Before you start: What do you already know about this sample? This will help you use your knowledge of geology to determine what minerals may be present, and what textures are significant to interpret geologic processes and history.

Sample location? Geologic setting? Rock type or association, if known? Other useful information? Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph Clastic Textures Grain-supported Matrix-supported Grain Size Very Coarse 2 mm-1 mm Coarse 1 mm to 0.5 mm Medium 0.5 mm to 0.25 mm Fine 0.25 mm to 0.125 mm Very Fine--0.125mm-.05 mm Sorting Well-sorted--all grains are of the same size Poorly-sorted--a continuum of grain sizes Grain Shape Rounded Scale: Subrounded Notes: Subangular Angular Spheroidal or Round Disc-shaped or Platy Prismatic Grain Orientation Laminae--stratification on a mm-scale Graded--grain size varies progressively from top to bottom Cross-lamination--depostion from small ripples Convolute lamination--graded layers deposited in turbidity currents Imbricate--grains roughly parallel, but slightly dipping with respect to layering

Sandstone Classification
Argillaceous Matrix (matrix-supported) Framework (grain-supported) Cements (Authigenic Minerals) Quartz Chalcedony Calcite Other Carbonate (dol, sid, ank) Phyllosilicate (kaol, chlor, smect) Gypsum, anydrite Hematite/FeOx Other Notes: % Grain/Clast Type Quartz Feldspars (Plag + Kspar) Lithic Fragments Chert/chalcedony Volcanic glass/pumice Micas Metamorphic mins Other: Other: Other: TOTAL % Grains* Estimated or Point Count % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % %

* Note: This is an estimate of relative % of grains present, i.e. in a point count every grain is counted only once; this is in contrast with modal estimates of igneous rocks where the point count is done on a grid to estimate relative volume % (i.e. large phenocrysts will be counted multiple times.

Relative proportions of quartz (Q), feldspars (F), lithic fragments (L), and matrix (M) will be used to classify rocks in the family of sandstones: arenite, lithic arenite, felspathic arenite, arkose, subarkose, etc. See diagrams on next page.
Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph Porosity (current % open pore space) Primary porosity (% open+%cement) Detrital Accessory Minerals Zircon Apatite Fe-Oxides (magnetite, ilmenite) Tourmaline Titanite (sphene) Other Other Notes: % %

Scale:

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section Sedimentary Based on H. Williams, F.J. Turner, C. M., Gilbert, (1982), Petrography-Petrography An Intrdocution to the Study of Rocks in Thin Sections, 2nd Ed., Limestones p. 363-397. Sample #: Geologic Context:
Before you start: What do you already know about this sample? This will help you use your knowledge of geology to determine what minerals may be present, and what textures are significant to interpret geologic processes and history. Sample location? Geologic setting? Rock type or association, if known? Other useful information? Non-clastic Textures (Crystalline) Crystalline granular-- equant, uniform size Microcrystalline--individual grains can't be seen with Crytpocrysalline--grains can't be seen in microscope; X-ray needed Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph

Limestones
Rock Name: (use chart on next page) MATRIX Microcrystalline calcite Mud-supported Sparry calcite Grain-supported GRAIN TYPES (Allochems) Skeletal grains (fossils) Ooids Pellets Intraclasts TOTAL Notes: % of Total Rock % %

Scale: % % Types of Fossils: % % %

Guided Discovery and Scoring Rubric for Petrographic Analysis of a Thin Section Metamorphic Petrography Sample #: Geologic Context:
Based on H. Williams, F.J. Turner, C. M., Gilbert, (1982), Petrography An Intrdocution to the Study of Rocks in Thin Sections, 2nd Ed., 438-452;. p.

Before you start: What do you already know about this sample? This will help you use your knowledge of geology to determine what minerals may be present, and what textures are significant to interpret geologic processes and history.

Sample location? Geologic setting? Rock type or association, if known? Other useful information? Mineral Paragenesis 1 2 3 4 5 6 Retrograde/Replacement 1 2 3 4 Accessory Minerals 1 2 3 4 % Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph

Scale: % Possible Geothermobarometers; Exchange, Net Transfer; Gt-Bio, GASP

Evidence of Metamorphic Reactions: (e.g. garnet + chlorite = biotite + staurolite)

Metamorphic Textures Shapes of Individual Crystals Porphyroblast--large grains in matrix Idioblastic--grains with rational crystal faces Hypidoblastic-- some grains with Xtal faces Xenoblastic--no regular crystal faces Lepidobalastic--aligned platy minerals Poikiloblastic--small grains in larger porphyro.. Decussate--random arrangement of minerals Mosaic, or granoblastic Foliations (how many and what types?) Gneissic--compositional layering (define scale) Grain size layering Schistosity--parallel alignment of micas Slaty cleavage Lineations Mineral (alignment of hbld, sillimanite, etc.) Rods Mineral aggregates Boudinage Mylonites S-C mylonite C-C' mylonite Kinematic indicator ("fish". , ) Microfolds crenulation, isoclinal, open, polyphase.. Cataclastic Structures Flater structure Mortar structure Augen structure NOTES: Protoliths Para--sedimentary origin Ortho--igneojus origin Ultramafic Mafic or Basite Pelitic Semi-pelitic or Psammitic Carbonate Quartofeldspathic Other (e.g. BIF, Manganiferous.) Relict Textures Igneous: porphyritic, ophitic, etc. Sedimentary: bedding, pebbles, fossils Metamorphic, banding, foliation, porphyroblasts Timing of Grain Growth w/ Respect to Deformation Pre-kinematic Syn-kinematic Post-kinematic Cataclastic Structures Flaser Structure Mortar Structure Augen structure Recrystallization Granoblastic--equant, straight grain boundary Hornfels--recrystallized by contact metamorphism Insert Sketch or Photomicrograph

Scale:

ACF Diagram for Mafic Rocks

AFM Diagram for Pelitic Rocks

The CaO-MgO-SiO2 Diagram

Metamorphic Rock Classification

Foliated Rocks slate phyllite schist gneiss migmatite

Unfoliated Rocks hornfels granofels skarn Metabasites greenschist amphibolite blueschist eclogite granulite

Other Metamorphic Rocks marble quartzite serpentinite banded iron formation High Strain Rocks breccia, gouge mylonite, proto-, ultra-, blastopseudotachylite

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixB/appendixB.pdf