Term Paper

Object Oriented Programming

RAILWAY RESERVATIO N SYSTEM

Submitted to: Lec. SHAISHAV AGGARWAL

Submitted By: AMIT SHARMA Class-B,TECH Roll No- E1802A02 Reg. NO.- 10803079

Bholu

is the mascot of the Indian Railways, adopted in 2003.

Acknowledgement
This is to certify that I AMIT SHARMA student of B.TECH MBA. Section E1802 Roll No. RE1802A02 has made this term paper. Under this term paper we are given different topics. This term paper could not have been written better without Lec SHAISHAV AGGARWAL who not only served as my supervisor but also encouraged and challenged me throughout my academic program and patiently guide me through the process, never accepting less than my best efforts. I also want to thank to my classmates for encouraging and supporting my academic efforts.

Table of Contents

S. No.
1

Content
INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS NINE ZONES OF INDIAN RAILWAYS Railway Network Map

Page Num ber

5 7 8 9 10 18 23 24 31 37 38 39 41

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

System Development Life Cycle(SDLC) Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) Header Files Used Source Code Screen Shots System Analysis System Design Feasibility Study BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

Chapter 1.1
INTRODUCTION

Today,
Energy resource, Telecommunication Transport Are the basic infrastructural requirement which acts as and indicator to the growth of any Economy. Transport includes road transport, air transport, water transport and rail transport. Transport provides useful link between production centre, distribution areas and ultimate consumer. If we talk about inland transport mode than the one biggest transport industry comes in the mind the railways. We can not ignore the contribution of the railway to the growth of the economy with its incredible services like mobility of various commodities and passengers. It is a hazardous to imagine Indian economy without railway. We always fill proudly and happy when we think that our Indian railway Asias first and worlds second largest after the Russia under the single management. We may also fill amazing by knowing that Indian railway is worlds largest employment provider organization. There are cities like Mumbai and Delhi where railway service is treats life line of cities. In Mumbai local trains services are popular and in Delhi metro train services are popular. In Mumbai every day local trains carries 90 lakhs passengers. That means if local trains stop, Mumbai also stop. So, we can understand the important of railway for a country like India.

Indian Railways (Hindi: Bhratya Rail), abbreviated as IR( )is the state-owned railway company of India, which owns and operates most of the country's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India. Indian Railways has one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the world, transporting over 18 million passengers and more than 2 million tonnes of freight daily. It is the world's largest commercial or utility employer, with more than 1.4 million employees. The railways traverse the length and breadth of the country, covering 6,909 stations over a total route length of more than 63,327 kilometres (39,350 mi). As to rolling stock, IR owns over 200,000 (freight) wagons, 50,000 coaches and 8,000 locomotives. Railways were first introduced to India in 1853. By 1947, the year of India's independence, there were forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one unit, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network of broad, metre and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive and coach production facilities.

1.1 HISTORY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

Indian railways are older more than 150 years

In the year 1832 the first railway running on steam engine, was launched in England. Thereafter in may 1843 a young engineer graham Clark got down from a ship harbored at Mumbai (then Bombay). He was sent to India at the insistence of the textile industrialist of Manchester , Lancashire, Liverpool, in England to find out how and in which part of India a railway can be built which would be useful transport cheap cotton from Indian hinterland first to Bombay harbor and then from there to England by ship. Thereafter on 1st of august, 1849 the great Indian peninsular railways company was established in India. On 17th of august 1849, a contract was signed between the great Indian peninsular railway company and east India Company. As a result of contract an experiment was made by laying a railway track between Bombay to thane (56 kms). On 16 th April, 1853 the first train service was started from Victoria terminus (CST) to thane carrying 400 people in 14 carriages, covered 21 mile (34 kms) at 3.35 PM. the time taken by the 75 minute. This is not first in India but also in Asia. On 15 th august 1854 the second train service commenced between Howrah and Hubli.On 1st July, 1856, the third train service in India and first in south India commenced between Vyasarpadi and Walajah road and on the same day the section between Vyasarpadi and Royapuram by Madras Railway Company was also opened.

1.2

NINE ZONES OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

Indian railways have been divided in to nine zones Western railway, Central railway, Eastern railway, Northern railway, North eastern railway, Northeast frontier, Southern railway, South central railway South eastern railway

Covering the largest route length of over 63,000 kms of total Indian boundary. The last station of the four directional boundaries is West-Mumbai, SouthKanyakumari, East - Guwahati, North-Jammu. It is the most convenient way of traveling if you are traveling on a budget. The railway has one of the most efficient communication systems between two stations. Following are the table which is showing the nine zones of Indian railway and their headquarters as well as their length Railway/zones Central railway Western railway Eastern railway Northern railway North eastern railway Northeast frontier railway Southern railway South central railway South eastern railway Headquarter Mumbai (CST) Mumbai (church gate) Calcutta New Delhi Gorakhpur Maligaon (Guwahati) Chennai Secundarabad Calcutta Length (km) 7,067 9,735 4,303 10,995 5,131 3,858 7,009 7,218 7,161

Chapter 2
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method), rapid application development (RAD), joint application development (JAD), the fountain model and the spiral model. Mostly, several models are combined into some sort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any application, and is usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed. SDLC includes ten phases, during which defined work products and documents are created, reviewed, refined, and approved. The final phase occurs when the system is disposed of and the business need is either eliminated or transferred to other systems. The tasks and work products for each phase are described in detail in the SDLC Manual. Not every project will require that the phases be subsequently executed. The SDLC may be tailored within an agency to accommodate the unique aspects of a project as long as the resulting approach remains consistent with the primary objective to deliver a quality system. SDLC phases may overlap and projects can follow an evolutionary development strategy that provides for incremental delivery of products and/or subsystems. The ten SDLC phases are illustrated below.

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1. Initiation Phase:
The Initiation Phase begins when a Sponsor identifies a need or an opportunity. The purpose of the Initiation Phase is to: Identify and define an opportunity to improve business operations for the organization. Identify significant assumptions and constraints on solutions to that need. Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts and methods to satisfy the need including questioning the need for technology, i.e., will a change in the business process offer a solution? Assure executive business and executive technical sponsorship.

The Sponsor designates a Project Manager and the business need is documented in a Concept Proposal. The Concept Proposal includes information about the business process and the relationship to the Agency/Organization Infrastructure and the Strategic Plan. A successful Concept Proposal results in a Project Management Charter that outlines the authority of the Project Manager to begin the project.

Initiation Phase Products

Concept Proposal Project Management Charter

2. System Concept Development Phase:

The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need or opportunity is validated by the Agency/Organization Project Leadership and the Agency/Organization CIO. The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to: Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives. Identify system interfaces. Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy the business need. Establish system boundaries, identify goals, objectives, critical success factors, and performance measures. Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the basic functional requirements. Assess project risks. Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions. Develop high-level technical architecture, process models, data models, and a concept of operations.

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This phase explores potential technical solutions within the context of the business need. It may include several trade-off decisions such as the decision to use Commercial Offthe-Shelf (COTS) software products as opposed to developing custom software or reusing software components, or the decision to use an incremental delivery versus a complete, one-time deployment. Construction of executable prototypes is encouraged to evaluate technology to support the business process. The System Boundary Document serves as an important reference document to support the ITPR (Informal Test Problem Report) process. The ITPR must be approved by the Secretary of DoIT before the project can move forward.

System Concept Development Phase Products

Informal Test Problem Report System Boundary Document Risk Management Plan

3. Planning Phase:
During this phase, a plan is developed that documents the approach to be used and includes a discussion of methods, tools, tasks, resources, project schedules, and user input. Personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, and target dates are established. A Project Management Plan is created with components related to acquisition planning, configuration management planning, quality assurance planning, concept of operations, system security, verification and validation, and systems engineering management planning.

Planning Phase Documents

Project Management Plan

4. Requirements Analysis Phase:

This phase formally defines the detailed functional user requirements using high-level requirements identified in the Initiation, System Concept, and Planning phases. It also delineates the requirements in terms of data, system performance, security, and maintainability requirements for the system. The requirements are defined in this phase to a level of detail sufficient for systems design to proceed. They need to be measurable, testable, and relate to the business need or opportunity identified in the Initiation Phase. The requirements that will be used to determine acceptance of the system are captured in the Test and Evaluation Master Plan. The purposes of this phase are to:

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Further define and refine the functional and data requirements and document them in the Requirements Document. Complete business process reengineering of the functions to be supported, e.g., verify what information drives the business process, what information is generated, who generates it, where does the information go, and who processes it. Develop detailed data and process models including system inputs and outputs. Develop the test and evaluation requirements that will be used to determine acceptable system performance.

System Concept Development Phase Products

Requirements Document Test and Evaluation Master Plan

5. Design Phase:
During this phase, the system is designed to satisfy the functional requirements identified in the previous phase. Since problems in the design phase can be very expensive to solve in later stages of the software development, a variety of elements are considered in the design to mitigate risk. These include: Identifying potential risks and defining mitigating design features Performing a security risk assessment. Developing a conversion plan to migrate current data to the new system. Determining the operating environment. Defining major subsystems and their inputs and outputs. Allocating processes to resources. Preparing detailed logic specifications for each software module.

Design Phase Products

System Design Document The System Design Security Risk Assessment Document receives a Contingency Plan rigorous review by Agency technical and functional representatives to ensure that it satisfies the business requirements. It progress through a series of Design Reviews involving the Agency CIO and Agency Project Sponsor. Once these individuals approve the design, the final System Design Document is created to serve as the Detailed Design for the system. Concurrent with the development of the system design, the Project Manager begins development of the Implementation Plan, Operations and Maintenance Manual, Training Plan, and User Manual.

6. Development Phase
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Effective completion of the previous stages is a key factor in the success of the Development phase. The Development phase consists of: Translating the detailed requirements and design into system components. Testing individual elements (units) for usability. Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.

Within this phase, the detailed specifications produced during the design phase are translated into hardware, communications, and executable software. The Project Manager develops contingency and integration plans. Software shall be unit tested, integrated, and retested in a systematic manner. Hardware is assembled and tested. User involvement during development is an important factor in ensuring that the system is being developed according to the requirements. User testing is performed to ensure the system satisfies requirements.

Development Phase Products

Software Development Document System Software Test Files/Data Integration Document Conversion Plan (complete) System Administration Manual (complete) Training Plan (complete) Implementation Plan (complete) User Manual (complete)

7. Integration and Test Phase:

Subsystem integration, system, security, and user acceptance testing is conducted during the integration and test phase. The user, with those responsible for quality assurance, validates that the functional requirements, as defined in the functional requirements document, are satisfied by the developed or modified system. DoIT Security staff assess the system security and issue a security certification and accreditation prior to installation/implementation. Multiple levels of testing are performed, including: Testing at the development facility by the contractor and possibly supported by end user Testing as a deployed system with end users working together with contract personnel Operational testing by the end user alone performing all functions.

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Requirements are traced throughout testing, a final Independent Verification & Validation evaluation is performed and all documentation is reviewed and accepted prior to acceptance of the system.

Integration and Test Phase Documents

Test Analysis Approval Determination Test Problem Reports IT Systems Security Certification & Accreditation

8. Implementation Phase:
This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended business functions. System performance is compared to performance objectives established during the planning phase. Implementation includes user notification, user training, installation of hardware, installation of software onto production computers, and integration of the system into daily work processes. This phase continues until the system is operating in production in accordance with the defined user requirements.

Implementation Phase Documents

Delivered System Documentation Change Implementation Notice Version Description Document Post-implementation Review Report

9. Operations and Maintenance Phase:

The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued performance in accordance with user requirements and needed system modifications are incorporated. Operations continue as long as the system responds to the organizations needs. When modifications are identified, the system may reenter the planning phase. The purpose of this phase is to: Operate, maintain, and enhance the system. Certify that the system can process sensitive information. Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional requirements continue to be satisfied. Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or retired.

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Operations and Maintenance Phase Documents

Program Trouble Reports Change Implementation Notice In-Process Review User Satisfaction Review

10. Disposition Phase:

Disposition activities ensure the orderly termination of the system and preserve the vital information about the system so that some or all of the information may be reactivated in the future if necessary. Particular emphasis is given to proper preservation of the data processed by the system, so that the data can be effectively migrated to another system or archived for potential future access in accordance with applicable records management regulations and policies. Each system should have an interface control document defining inputs and outputs and data exchange. Signatures should be required to verify that all dependent users and impacted systems are aware of disposition.

Disposition Phase Documents

Disposition Plan Post-termination Review Report

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Chapter 3
Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)
Login

Make a Reservation

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Drop a Reservation

Display a Current Reservation

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Display Train Schedule Reservation

Display Balance

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Pay Reservation

Add a Train

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Drop a Train

Display Report

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Chapter 4
Header Files Used

#include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<dos.h>

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Chapter 5
Source Code

#include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<dos.h> int rep; int i; int ia=12,sa=13,isa=5; float am=0; class reser { public: char nam[20][10], add[30][30]; int rep; int i; float cost[10]; int choice[10]; void menu(); void calculation(); void choicetable(); void output(); void total(); }res; void reser:: menu() { clrscr(); cout<<"*********************************Menu List*************************************" ; cout<<"\n\nS.No. Name \t\t No of Seats \t Cost per Seat \t From \t To\n"; cout<<"\n\n1. Punjab Male \t "<<ia<<" \t\t Rs 1000 \t Delhi \t Jaipur\n"; cout<<"\n2. Jan Shatabdi \t "<<sa<<" \t\t Rs 1200 \t Delhi \t Agra\n"; cout<<"\n3. Shatabdi Express \t "<<isa<<" \t\t Rs 900 \t Agra \t Jaipur\n"; cout<<"\n4. Exit"; cout<<"\n\n******************************************************************** ***********" ;

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} void reser:: calculation() { first: cout<<"\nEnter the S.No. from the Menu List\n"; cin>>res.choice[i]; switch(res.choice[i]) { case 1: if(ia==0) { cout<<"Sorry No Seat avialable"; } else { cout<<"You HAve Choose 1. Punjab Male From-Delhi To-Jaipur"; ia--; res.cost[i]=1000 ; } break; case 2: if(sa==0) { cout<<"Sorry No Seat avialable"; } else { cout<<"\nYou HAve Choose \n2. Jan Shatabdi From-Delhi To-Agra"; sa--; res.cost[i]=1200; } break; case 3: if(isa==0) { cout<<"\nSorry No Seat avialable"; } else { cout<<"You HAve Choose \n3. Shatabdi Express From-Agra To-Jaipur"; isa--; res.cost[i]=900; } break;

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case 4: return ; default: cout<<"\nWrong Choice\nPlease re-enter Your choice"; getch() ; goto first; } cout<<"\n\nDo u Want to confirm it y/n char con; con=getche(); if( con=='n' || con=='N') { getch(); if(res.choice[i]==1) { ia++; } if(res.choice[i]==2) { sa++; } if(choice[i]==3) { isa++; } } ";

} void reser:: choicetable() { if(res.choice[i]== 1) { cout<<"\nPunjab MAle \t Delhi to \t Jaipur\t \n \t\t\tRs 1000 \n"; } if(res.choice[i]== 2) { cout<<"\nJan Shatabdi \t Delhi to \t Agra\t \n \t\t\tRs 1200 \n"; } if(res.choice[i]== 3) { cout<<"\nShatabdi Express \t Agra to \t Jaipur\t \n \t\t\tRs 900 \n"; } }

void reser:: output() { puts(res.nam[i]); cout<<"\n"; puts(res.add[i]); res.choicetable(); }

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void reser:: total() { am=am+res.cost[i]; } void main() { clrscr(); cout<<"\t\t\tRailway Ticket Reservation System\n\n\n\n\n\n"; cout<<"\n\n\tSubmitted By-\n \nJivtesh Singh Ahuja\n"; cout<<"\n\n\tClass- MCA \nSection- D3804\n"; cout<<"\n\n\tRoll No- D3804B52 \n"; cout<<"\n\n\tReg. No.- 10812519"; delay(5000); clrscr(); gotoxy(22,0); cout<<"\t\t\t\tLoading Completed"; delay(300); int l; int b=219; int v1=10, v2=35; char lod[10][25]={"CUI", "Database", "Opening File", "Retriving Data", "Starting notepad", "Prearing The interface", "Allocating seats", "Connecting", "Connecting With Database", "Completing", }; gotoxy(30,30); cout<<"\n_____________________________________________________________________ __________\n"; cout<<"\t\t\t\tFiles loading"; cout<<"\n_____________________________________________________________________ __________\n"; for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { gotoxy(0,0); gotoxy(50,1); printf("%d \%",i*10); gotoxy(0,0); gotoxy(v1,10); printf("%c%c",b,b); printf("%c%c",b,b);

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printf("%c%c",b,b); v1=v1+6; delay(900); gotoxy(0,0); gotoxy(32,v2); puts(lod[i]); v2++; } /* for(l=0;l<=10;l++) { gotoxy(v,10); printf("%c%c%c",b,b,b); delay(200); v++; gotoxy(0,vy); puts(pnt[i]); delay(200); vy++; cout<<"\n"; }*/ delay(5000); clrscr(); cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLoading Completed"; delay(2000); clrscr(); cout<<"\n\n\n\n\nWelcome to The AirLine Transmission System\t\t\n\n Powered By Jivtesh"; delay(2000); clrscr(); start: cout<<"\nEnter the number of seats u want to book"; gotoxy(35,12); printf("0=Exit"); gotoxy(4,5); cout<<"\n"; cin>>rep; cout<<"\n\n\n\nYou have entered the choice\n %d"<<rep; clrscr(); if(rep>0 && rep<=10) { for(i=0 ; i<rep; i++) { cout<<"\nEnter Your Name\t"; fflush(stdin); gets(res.nam[i]); cout<<"\nEnter Your Personal Address\t"; gets(res.add[i]); res.menu(); res.calculation();

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if(i<rep-1) { cout<<"\n\nPress any key to input next entery"; } else if(i==rep-1) { cout<<"\n\nPress any key to input last entery"; } getch(); clrscr(); res.total(); } for(i=1 ; i<=rep; i++) { res.output(); } cout<<"\nTotal Amount is %f"<<am; } else if(rep>10||rep<0) { cout<<"You have entered either 0 or negative or greater than 10\n"; goto start; } if(rep==0) { return; } clrscr(); cout<<"Please Wait wile Calculating"; delay(1000); cout<<"."; delay(1000); cout<<"."; delay(1000); cout<<"."; delay(1000); cout<<"."; delay(2000); cout<<"."; clrscr(); cout<<"\n\n******************************************************************** ***********" ; cout<<"\t\t\t List of Ticket You Have booked\n"; cout<<"\n\n******************************************************************** ***********\n\n" ;

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cout<<"\n\n____________________________________________________________________ _____________\n\n" ; for(i=1 ; i<=rep; i++) { res.output(); cout<<"\n______________________________________________________________________ ___________\n\n" ; } cout<<"Press any key to calculate sum of amount to be paid"; getch(); clrscr(); cout<<"\nCalculating Your Total Amount to be Paid"; delay(2000); clrscr(); cout<<"\nTotal Amount is "; cout<<"\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\tPlease pay \t"<<am; float pay, amm; cout<<"\n\n\n\t\t"; getch(); /* cin>>pay; float out; out=am-pay; while(am!=pay) { if(pay>am) { cout<<"PLease Collect the change "<<(pay-am); } if(pay<am) { cout<<"Please pay "<<out<<" amount"; cin>>out; while((pay-out)!=0) } } */ clrscr(); cout<<"\n\n\n\t\tThanks Please wisit Again"; getch(); }

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Chapter 6
Screen Shots

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Chapter 7
System Analysis

System analysis is the combination of various other system names. System planning and initial investigation Information gathering Feasibility report Cost/benefit analysis The most critical phase of managing system project is planning. Planning information system is business or in any other establishment has become increasingly important during the past decade. First information is now recognized as a vital resource and must be managed it in equal in importance to cash, physical facilities and personnel. There is also need for formal long range planning with information system that are complex, use command database or have a competitive edge. Information system embedded in an organization provides user with the opportunity to add value to products and business operation at lower cost. Therefore they must be carefully planned.

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Chapter 8
System design

System design is the most crucial phase of system development life cycle. The term design describes a final system and process by which it is developed if refers the technical specification that will be applied in implementing the system, in real time environment. It also includes the construction of programs and program testing. Design involves the various steps: The first step determines how the output is to be produced and in what format. Here samples of output and input are also presented. Input data and master files are designed to meet the requirement of proposed. The operational phases are handled through program construction and testing including a list of programs needed to meet the system objectives and complete documentation. Finally details retailed to jurisdiction of the system and on estimate of the impact of the candidate system on the user and organization and documented and evaluated by the management as a step towards implementation. Thus the final report prior to the implementation phase includes procedural flow chart, record layouts and a worktable plan for implementing the candidate system.

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Chapter 9
Feasibility Study

Feasibility study is carried out to determine the various pros and cons of the proposed system. Many feasibility studies are disillusioning for both user and analyst. First the study often presupposes that when the document is being prepared, the analyst is in a position to evaluate solutions. Second, most studies tend to overlook the confusion inherent in system development the constraints and the assumed attitude. Feasibility study consists of firstly defining system performance by: Determination of system constraints Identification of objectives Studying of outputs of the new system

Feasibility consideration:
Three key considerations are involved in the feasibility analysis:

Economic feasibility: Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a candidate system. This procedure is used to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from candidate system and compare them with the cost. If the benefits outweigh the cost, then the decision is made to design and implements the system. Otherwise further justifications in the proposed system are made to make it a worthwhile system.

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Technical feasibility: Technical feasibility centers around the existing computer system and to what extend it can support the proposed addition. We have to keep in mind the capacity of the proposed system and make an effort not to over load the system. This may require technical enhancement and these may further require financial considerations to support the enhancements. If the budget is a serious constraint then the project is judge as not feasible.

Operational feasibility: Proposed system is beneficial only if it can be turned into information system that will meet the organization operating requirement. As the system is user friendly throughout it is approved by the user showing no resistance i.e what so ever at all. If the user wants more facility then that can be provided. After the system is implemented the user will need no changes as the system is developed by keeping the users requirement in mind. The proposed system will cause no harm to the organization. But it will enhance the result in better respect. The system will avoid the confusion and resistance by catching the user attention as it is presentable.

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Chapter 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

14.1BOOKS: General Knowledge at a glance by R.Gupta. I.C.A.I Economic book. Economic Times Financial Express Complete Reference to C++ By Herbert Shield

14.2 WEBSITES: http://www.indianrail.gov.in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_railways http://economictimes.indiatimes.com http://www.trainweb.org/indiarail www.irctc.com www.indianrailways.gov.in www.irfca.org/faq/ www.trainweb.org/indiarail/ http://www.trainenquiry.com/

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