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People vs. Adriano Treason Facts: 1. Accused was charged with treason. 2.

Joining the Makapili is enough to constitute an overt act to perform treason. 3. No two of the prosecution witnesses testified to a single one of the various acts of treason imputed by them to the appellant. Those who gave evidence that the accused took part in raids and seizure of personal property, and performed duties and military drills, referred to acts allegedly committed on different dates without any 2 witnesses coinciding in any one specified deed.

Issue: Whether or not the two-witness requirement was satisfied. Held: No. Ratio: Every act, movement, deed and word of the defendant charged to constitute treason must be supported by the testimony of 2 witnesses. Such is the clear meaning of the two-witness provisions of the American Constitution. By extension, the lawmakers who introduced that provision in the Philippine Statute Books must be understood to have intended that the law should operate with the same inflexibility and rigidity on what the American forefathers meant.

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