Presented by: Erfan Ahmad MSc Structural Engineering

Overview
what is an offshore oil structure?

Offshore platforms are used for exploration and processing of oil and gas from under seabed. The first offshore platform was built in 1947 off the coast of Louisiana in 6m depth. Since then 12,000 platforms in various depths have been constructed around the world.

Types of offshore oil structure

Fixed structure
Built on concrete or steel Legs or both. Examples:

Gravity platforms:

Made of reinforced concrete, very large and massive Weight. It is impractical for water depths beyond (300)m.

Jacket platform:

It is frame structure made of tubular steel. Depth normally (400 to 500)m

Compliant Tower:

Consist of slender flexible Towers steel and a pile Foundation supporting. Depth normally (460 to 910)m

Types of offshore oil structure

Floating Platforms
It is cable tensioned, use for deeper water Examples:

Tension Leg platforms (TLPs)

It is floating facilities ,tied down to the seabed by vertical Steel tubes. Depth normally (1500)m

Semi Submersible (FPS)

It is stays in place by long Catenary-Shaped mooring lines. Depth normally (2000)m

Spa Platforms
First built off the USA coast in 1997. Concept of a large diameter single vertical cylinder supporting deck. Depth normally (2300 to 3000)m

Accidents in offshore oil platforms

Collision with vessels (Mumbai (Bombay)High North Platform). Location: Mumbai High, Indian Ocean

Extreme Weather (West Gamma Jack-up) :Location: German Bight, North Sea

Fire or blowout (GSF Adriatic IV Jack-Up) Location: Temsah, Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

Overturning (Parker 14-J Jack-up Barge) Location: Chandeleur Area, Gulf of Mexico

Accidents in offshore oil platforms

Fatigue (Alexander L. Kielland Semi-Sub) Location: Ekofisk Field, Norwegian Continental Shelf

Design and construction errors (Maersk Victory Jack-Up) Location: Gulf Saint Vincent, South Australia

Other incident(crane load lines broke): (Petronius A Platform) Location: Viosca Knoll, Gulf of Mexico

Statistics of accidents in offshore oil platforms

Comparison of the number of incidents in different geographical sectors of the UKCS.

Fixed platform

Number of accidents and accident frequencies (per unit-year). N is No; of occurrences, F is average annual frequency)
Floating platform

17 incidents in1998

14 incidents in 1999 29 incidents in 2000 20 incidents in 2001 10 incidents in 2002 35 incidents in 2003 20 incidents in 2004 to august 31st

Robustness and collapse

What is robustness?
It is the ability of a structure to sustain damage which is not disproportional to the triggering event.
It is quantified through progressive collapse analysis It is not easy to measure because it depends on many factors Magnitude of the accidental load Position and direction of load Duration of load Structural form Specific resistance of elements Post-collapse behaviour of elements (brittle or ductile) Energy absorption

Material dependent

Robustness in offshore structures

What are the current methods used in design? Strength design

e.g. installation resists collision without deformation- ship deforms and dissipates major part of energy Ductility design e.g. installation deforms and dissipates major part of energy- ship remains virtually undamaged Shared energy design Both ship and installation deform and contribute substantially to energy dissipation

Objective of dissertation
To analyse robustness of 3D offshore oil steel structure when member of the

structure is damaged by external load.

Vessel

methodology
Background of offshore oil platforms Define accidental scenario Robustness and progressive collapse Analysis of a fixed platform structure

model analysis
Discussion and Conclusion

Expected outcomes
Obtain force displacement Buckling in tubular members Strength of connections

Time schedule
Time Schedule
literature Review case studies

Model analysis

discussion of result

conclusion

conclusion start date number of date to complete 08/10/2011 7 14/10/2011

discussion of result 25/09/2011 14 08/10/2011

Model analysis 27/08/2011 30 25/09/2011

case studies 14/08/2011 14 27/08/2011

literature Review 25/07/2011 21 14/08/2011

stop date