DESIGN OF DATA LOGGER USING LabVIEW

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by SAAJAN DEHURY [Reg No: 11707067] SAURABH GUPTA [Reg No: 11707073] SIDDHARTH PANICKER [Reg No: 11707077] Under the guidance of Mrs. B.HEMALATHA (Assistant Professor, Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering) in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING of FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

S.R.M. Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District

MAY 2011

SRM UNIVERSITY
(Under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled DESIGN OF DATA LOGGER USING LabVIEW is the bonafide work of SAAJAN DEHURY Reg. No. 11707067, SAURABH GUPTA Reg. No. 11707073 and SIDDHARTH PANICKER Reg. No. 11707077, who carried out the project work under my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

SIGNATURE Mrs.B.HEMALATHA

SIGNATURE Dr.A.VIMALA JULIET HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Assistant Professor
ICE ICE

Signature of the Internal Examiner

Signature of the External Examiner

ABSTRACT

Recent advances in electronics miniaturization have allowed the commercial development of sensor/data logger combinations that are sufficiently inexpensive and appear to be sufficiently accurate to deploy in measurement arrays to resolve local atmospheric structure over periods of weeks to months. A data logger is an electronic device that records data over time or in relation to location either with a built in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors. Increasingly, but not entirely, they are based on a digital processor (or computer). They generally are small, battery powered, portable, and equipped with a microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors. Some data loggers interface with a personal computer and utilize software to activate the data logger to view and analyze the collected data, while others have a local interface device (keypad, LCD) and can be used as a standalone device. We are recording various parameters- Temperature, Pressure and Humidityand analyzing this data using LabVIEW. For various purposes like agriculture, meteorological forecast, weather forecast, terrain inspection, pollution values etc, we need regular information regarding meteorological parameters and their values. After recording this information, we are transferring this data using communication protocols like SMTP. All this is being done using LabVIEW, which is faster and more efficient software.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from the efforts of me, the success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.

I would like to show my greatest appreciation to Assistant Professor Mrs.B.Hemalatha. I cant say thank you enough for her tremendous support and help. I feel motivated and encouraged every time I attend her meeting. Without her encouragement and guidance this project would not have materialized.

The guidance and support received from all the team members including Saurabh Gupta and Siddharth Panicker who contributed and are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am grateful for their constant support and help.

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO.

4

PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLE LIST OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION

1. SURVEY 2. SENSORS AND COMPONENTS

2 6 7 8 12 18 19 22 26 31 33 39 40 41 43 57 59 60

3.1 HUMI DITY SENSORS 3.2 TEMPERATURE SENSORS 3.3 PRESSURE SENSORS 3.4 AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT 3.5 VOLTAGE REGULATOR/IC7805 3.6 VOLTAGE REGULATOR/IC7812 3.7 VOLTAGE REGULATOR/IC 7815 4. 5. BLOCK DIAGRAMS LabVIEW

6. COMMUNICATION 7. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS 8. CONCLUSION 9. REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES
Table
5

Page

1. Temperature Survey 2. Specifications of humidity sensor 3. Standard characteristics of humidity sensor 4. Absolute Maximum ratings of Pressure Sensor 5. Maximum ratings of amplification IC 7805

12 19 20 29 36

LIST OF FIGURES
Chapter 1
1. Hourly average of temperature 6

Page
13

2. Daily variation of temperature 3. Daily variation of temperature 4. Daily variation of temperature

14 15 16

Chapter 2
1. Humidity sensor SY-HS-220 2. Characteristic curve of Humidity Sensor 3. Pin configuration of Temperature Sensor 4. Connection of Temperature Sensor 5. Connection of Pressure Sensor 6. Internal circuit diagram of LM324 7. Pin layout of IC7805 8. Internal Block diagram of IC7805 9. Top view of TO-220 packaging

18 21 23 24 27 31 33 35 38

Chapter 3
1. Amplification circuit

40 41

2. Connection of LM35DZ with the amplification IC LM324

3. Connection of pressure sensor ICS 1220 with amplification IC LM324 42

Chapter 4
1. NI USB-6008
2. Creation of senders e-mail id 3. Activation of SMTP 4. Storing data in the file 5. Acquiring the signals & filtering 6. Front panel depicting controls & indicators 7. Selecting the measurement type 8. Selecting the measurement type

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

CHAPTER 1
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INTRODUCTION

Data loggers vary between general purpose types for a range of measurement applications to very specific devices for measuring in one environment or application type only. It is common for general purpose types to be programmable; however, many remain as static machines with only a limited number or no changeable parameters. Electronic data loggers have replaced chart recorders in many applications. One of the primary benefits of using data loggers is the ability to automatically collect data on a 24-hour basis. Upon activation, data loggers are typically deployed and left unattended to measure and record information for the duration of the monitoring period. This allows for a comprehensive, accurate picture of the environmental conditions being monitored, such as air temperature and relative humidity. With the development of computer technology, modern measurement technology, and electronic instrument technology, virtual instrument becomes mainstream direction of current instrument development because of its characteristics of high efficiency, man-machine interactive interface good, convenience of reconstructed system, self-defining function, and so on. Designing this system used this method can improve the detection of wind speed, temperature, humidity. At the same time, a user can operate this system only by using keyboard or mouse. In a word, this system constructed by this way becomes convenient.

LabVIEW contains a comprehensive set of tools for acquiring, analyzing, displaying, and storing data, as well as tools to help us troubleshoot code we write.

In LabVIEW, we can build a user interface, or front panel, with controls and indicators. Controls are knobs, push buttons, dials, and other input mechanisms. Indicators are graphs, LEDs, and other output displays. After we build the user interface, we add code using VIs and structures to control the front panel objects. The block diagram contains this code. We can also use LabVIEW to communicate data to other devices. Also, data acquisition is easy in LabVIEW. Sensors are used for measuring temperature and humidity. By constructing an amplification circuit, the properly calibrated values can be obtained. By using temperature sensor LM35DZ and humidity sensor HS-SY220, we can get the temperature and relative humidity in the ambient atmosphere. By using pressure sensor ICS1220, we can get the pressure in the ambient atmosphere.

Advantage of Data Logger over other collection instruments

Three types of instruments are commonly used for collecting and storing data. They are: Real-Time Data Acquisition Systems Chart Recorders Data Loggers Data loggers are normally more economical than chart recorders. They offer more flexibility and are available with a greater variety of input types. Most data loggers collect data which may be directly transferred to a computer. Although this option is available with some recorders, it normally adds significant expense to the recorder price.

Data acquisition systems offer a great deal of flexibility and are certainly attractive when high sample rates are required, however, since they require connection or installation into a computer, the computer must also be present and active when collecting the data. Data loggers can collect data independently of a computer. Data is normally collected in nonvolatile memory for later download to a computer. The computer does not need to be present during the data collection process. This makes them ideally suited for applications requiring portability.

The Maximum Sample Rate for a Data Logger The sample rate depends on the specific model. Although most data loggers have a maximum data rate of 1 or 2 samples per second, some data loggers can sample in excess of 100 samples per second. Power Source for Data Loggers
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Most data loggers are battery powered some also offer an option for external power.

Parameters involved in the battery life of a Data Logger The battery life of a data logger depends on a number of parameters including the specific model and sample rate. In general the faster the sample rate the shorter the battery life.

Recording Duration The recording duration is dependent on the memory capacity of the data logger and the desired sample rate. To determine the duration divide the memory capacity (number of samples the device can record) by the sample rate. As an example assume that a given data logger can store 10,000 samples. If it is desired to record 2 samples every minute, the data logger can run for 10,000/2 or 5,000 minutes (about 3.5 days). If the sample rate was cut in half (1 sample per minute), the recording period would double to 7 days.

CHAPTER 2 SURVEY
Presented in the following few pages is the results of a survey that has been done. This survey includes values and trends of various metrological parameters.

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Table 1: Temperature survey

The above given data is obtained from the campus of SRM University, and was taken in the year 2009-2010. The temperature sets given are the monthly maximum and minimum temperature values obtained. Based on this empirical data, many experiments of high importance can be carried out with a high efficacy.

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Fig. 1: Hourly average for Temperature The data is then taken and plotted on a graph. A trend is obtained, which is depicted above. The following results can be obtained from the aforementioned data: Temperatures vary between 24 and 35 deg with lower averages in the beginning of 2010.

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Fig. 2: Daily variation of temerature

Daily variation of temperature from July-2009 to August-2009

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Fig.3: Daily variation of temperature Daily variation of temperature from September-2009 to December-2009

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Fig.4: Daily variation of temperature Daily variation of temperature from January 2010 to February 2010

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CHAPTER 3 SENSORS AND COMPONENTS

In this chapter, all the sensors and other components used in the project are discussed. The sensors and components form the most important part of our project, the electronics. A humidity sensor is an instrument used for measuring the moisture content in the environmental air, or humidity. Humidity is difficult to measure accurately. Most measurement devices usually rely on measurements of some other quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed. From calculations based on physical principles, or especially by calibration with a reference standard, these measured quantities can lead to a measurement of humidity. The humidity sensor is a four-terminal device. A temperature sensor is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a variety of different principles. The temperature sensor accurately measures the temperature, and gives an electrical voltage as output when the temperature is given as an input. The temperature sensor device is a three-terminal device. A pressure sensor is a device that takes the atmospheric pressure as an input, and gives a corresponding electrical signal as an output. The pressure sensor used here is an eightterminal device. The output signals of all the sensors have to be amplified. For that purpose, we design an amplifier circuit. The power source should give a regulated voltage as source. For that purpose, a voltage regulator is being used.

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1. HUMIDITY SENSOR SY-HS-220

Fig. 1: Humidity sensor SY-HS-220

The humidity sensor SY-HS-220 is a four-terminal device, and it takes the humidity from the atmosphere as the input, and gives electrical signal as the output.

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Table 2:Specifications of Humidity Sensor

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Table 3:Standard characteristics of Humidity Sensor

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Fig. 2: Characteristics Curve for Humidity Sensor

2. TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM35DZ The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of 14C at room temperature and 34C over a full 55 to +150C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air.
21

The LM35 is rated to operate over a 55 to +150C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a 40 to +110C range (10 with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO220 package.

FEATURES 1. Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade) 2. Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor 3. 0.5C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25C) 4. Rated for full 55 to +150C range 5. Suitable for remote applications 6. Low cost due to wafer-level trimming 7. Operates from 4 to 30 volts 8. Less than 60 A current drain 9. Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air 10. Nonlinearity only 14C typical
11. Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load

The above given features are of the temperature sensor, LM35DZ. The linearity of the LM35DZ, and its high accuracy make it a very viable choice for our project. It is a low cost high efficiency model. It also has a very wide range of -55 to +150C, which comprises all our possible outputs.
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CONNECTION DIAGRAMS

Fig. 3:Pin configuration of Temperature Sensor

The above shown sensor is a three-terminal device. The first terminal is the supply voltage terminal, where the supply is provided. The third terminal is the ground terminal, which is always grounded. The second terminal is the output voltage terminal. To see the output, this terminal has to be checked. The output voltage is taken out from the second terminal. To check the output voltage, a voltmeter should be connected in between the second and the third terminal.

APPLICATION
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Fig. 4:Connection of Temperature Sensor LM35DZ The above shown diagram is of LM35DZ, the temperature sensor. It is a three-terminal device, with the second terminal, i.e. the output terminal, connected to a resistance R1. The value of R1 is computed based on the above given formula.

Absolute Maximum Ratings 1. Supply Voltage 2. Output Voltage 3. Output Current +35V to 0.2V +6V to 1.0V 10 mA

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3. Pressure Sensor / ICS1220

The ICS1220 series of solid state pressure sensors are designed to provide a cost effective solution for applications that require calibrated performance over a wide temperature range. Packaged in a dual-in-line configuration, the ICS1220 series is intended for printed circuit board mounting. Optional pressure port and lead configurations give superior flexibility in low profile applications where pressure connection orientation is critical. The ICS1220 series is based on NovaSensors advanced SenStable piezoresistive sensing technology. Silicon micromachining techniques are used to ion implant piezoresistive strain gages into a Wheatstone bridge configuration. The ICS1220 offers the added advantage of superior temperature performance over the temperature compensated range of 0C to +60C. A current set resistor is included to normalize the full scale output for field interchangeability. Additionally, the ICS1220 series is available in pressure ranges from 0 to 5 through 0 to 100 psi. Integral temperature compensation is provided over a range of 0-50C using lasertrimmed resistors. An additional laser-trimmed resistor is included to normalize pressure sensitivity variations by setting the current drive to the sensor bridge, resulting in an interchangeability of 1% prior to amplification. Gage, absolute, and differential pressure ranges from 0-2 PSI to 0-100 PSI are available. Multiple lead and tube configurations are also available for customizing the package for specific applications. A few important features of pressure sensor ICS1220 are given below. These features are very conducive to our project, and these features are the reasons why we have selected ICS1220 for our project.

Features
25

 50 mV Full-scale Output 0.1% accuracy Interchangeable Temperature Compensated 0C to 60C PCB mountable package DIP package Solid state reliability Individual device traceability The high accuracy of ICS1220, and the interchangeability makes it a very good option for our project.

Pressure Ranges
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 Gauge and differential 5, 15, 30, 50 and 100psi Absolute: 15, 30, 50 and 100psi (5psi: call Nova Sensor)

Fig.5:Connection diagram of Pressure Sensor The above given circuit is the pressure sensor circuit. The dotted boundary is the pressure sensor, and as shown it has eight terminals. A1 is an operational amplifier, and the output is taken from the first and the third terminals of the pressure sensor.

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1. For 2 psi output on a 5 psi sensor span is 20.0 mV 1%, amplified span is 1.232V and zero temperature error is 1.25%. 2. Compensation resistors are an integral part of the sensor package; no additional external resistors are required. Pins 7 and 8 must be kept open. 3. Best Fit Straight Line. 4. Temperature range: 0-50C in reference to 25C. 5. For a zero-to-full scale pressure step change. 6. 10 Hz to 1 kHz. 7. Prevents increase of TC-Span due to output loading. 8. 3X or 200 psi maximum, whichever is less. 20 psi for 2 psi and 5 psi versions. 9. Wetted materials are glass, ceramic, silicon, RTV, nickel, gold, and aluminum. 10. Soldering of lead pins: 250C for 5 seconds maximum. 11. Tube length: L=470 5 mil, S=300 3 mil, N=no tube. 12. Lead pins can either be in the same or the opposite direction as the pressure tube. See Dimensions drawing for lead configurations.

Applications Industrial automation Air flow monitors Agriculture Process control Medical equipment Underground cable leak detection

Absolute Maximum Ratings

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Table 4:Absolute Maximum Ratings of Pressure Sensor

4. AMPLIFICATION CIRCUIT/ LM324

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General Description The LM124 series consists of four independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. Application areas include transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks and all the conventional op amp circuits which now can be more easily implemented in single power supply systems. For example, the LM124 series can be directly operated off of the standard a5V power supply voltage which is used in digital systems and will easily provide the required interface electronics without requiring the additional g15V power supplies. Unique Characteristics In the linear mode the input common-mode voltage range includes ground and the output voltage can also swing to ground, even though operated from only a single power supply voltage. The unity gain cross frequency is temperature compensated. The input bias current is also temperature compensated

Advantages 1. Eliminates need for dual supplies 2. Four internally compensated op amps in a single package 3. Allows directly sensing near GND & VOUT also goes to GND 4. Compatible with all forms of logic 5. Power drain suitable for battery operation

Features
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1. Internally frequency compensated for unity gain 2. Large DC voltage gain 100 dB 3. Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHz (temperature compensated) 4. Wide power supply range: 5. Single supply 3V to 32V or dual supplies g1.5V to g16V 6. Very low supply current drain (700 mA) essentially independent of supply voltage 7. Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperature compensated) 8. Low input offset voltage 2 Mv and offset current 5 nA 9. Input common-mode voltage range includes ground
10. Differential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltage 11. Large output voltage swing 0V to Vab 1.5V

Fig. 6:Internal circuit diagram of LM324

5. VOLTAGE REGULATOR/7805

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The 78xx (sometimes LM78xx) is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost. For ICs within the family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805 has a 5 volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts). The 78xx lines are positive voltage regulators: they produce a voltage that is positive relative to a common ground. There is a related line of 79xx devices which are complementary negative voltage regulators. 78xx and 79xx ICs can be used in combination to provide positive and negative supply voltages in the same circuit. The 78xx ICs have three terminals and are commonly found in the TO220 form factor, although smaller surface-mount and larger TO3 packages are available. These devices support an input voltage anywhere from a couple of volts over the intended output voltage, up to a maximum of 35 or 40 volts, and typically provide 1 or 1.5 amps of current (though smaller or larger packages may have a lower or higher current rating).

ADVANTAGES
1. 78xx series ICs do not require additional components to provide a constant, regulated

source of power, making them easy to use, as well as economical and efficient uses of space. Other voltage regulators may require additional components to set the output voltage level, or to assist in the regulation process. Some other designs (such as a switching power supply) may need substantial engineering expertise to implement. 2. 78xx series ICs have built-in protection against a circuit drawing too much power. They have protection against overheating and short-circuits, making them quite robust in most applications. In some cases, the current-limiting features of the 78xx devices can provide protection not only for the 78xx itself, but also for other parts of the circuit.

PIN CONFIGURATION
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Fig. 7:Pin layout of IC7805 The above given TO-220 package is being used in our project, and is widely used in the industy. The TO-220 is a style of electronic component package, commonly used for transistors, silicon-controlled rectifiers, and integrated circuits. The "TO" designation stands for "transistor outline". TO-220 packages have three leads. Similar packages with two, four, five or seven leads are also manufactured. A notable characteristic is a metal tab with a hole, used in mounting the case to a heat sink. Components made in TO-220 packages can dissipate more heat than those constructed in TO-92 cases.

The TO-220 package is an example of a through-hole design rather than a surface-mount technology type of package. TO-220 packages are heat sinkable, and thus can be used for
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applications where large amounts of power are dissipated as heat. The top of the package has a metal tab with a hole used in mounting the component to a heat sink. Thermal compound is often applied to further improve heat transfer from the package to the heat sink. The metal tab is often connected electrically to the internal circuitry. This does not normally pose a problem when using isolated heat sinks, but an electrically-insulating pad or sheet may be required to electrically isolate the component from the heat sink if the heat sink is electrically conductive, grounded or otherwise non-isolated. Many materials may be used to electrically isolate the TO-220 package, some of which have the added benefit of high thermal conductivity. In applications that require a heat sink, damage or destruction of the TO-220 device due to overheating may occur if the heat sink is dislodged during operation. Advantages: Can be used in high-power and high-current applications where equivalent components of other cases may be susceptible to damage.

Grounding area makes handling easier by reducing the possibility of damage from electrostatic discharge. Mounting with the tab ensures the component to be held firmly in place.

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INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 8: Internal block diagram of IC7805

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

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Table 5:Absolute maximum ratings of IC7805 The above given table shows the various parametric maximum ratings of the voltage regulator 7805. A 5V voltage regulator (7805) is used to ensure that no more than 5V is delivered to the board regardless of the voltage present at the J12 connector (provided that voltage is less than 12VDC). The regulator functions by using a diode to clamp the output voltage at 5VDC regardless of the input voltage - excess voltage is converted to heat and dissipated through the body of the regulator. If a DC supply of greater than 12V is used, excessive heat will be generated, and the board may be damaged. If a DC supply of less than 5V is used, insufficient voltage will be present at the regulators output. If a power supply provides a voltage higher than 7 or 8 volts, the regulator must dissipate significant heat. The "fin" on the regulator body (the side that protrudes upward beyond the main body of the part) helps to dissipate excess heat more efficiently. If the board requires higher currents (due to the use of peripheral devices or larger breadboard circuits), then the regulator may need to dissipate more heat. In this case, the regulator can be secured to the circuit board by fastening it with a screw and nut (see below). By securing the regulator tightly to the circuit board, excess heat can be passed to the board and then radiated away.

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6. VOLTAGE REGULATOR/7812 Voltage regulation means to prevent the voltage from dropping down or rising above a specific value. A 12 volt regulator circuit will provide exactly 12V under load as well as without load. On the other hand, an un-regulated 12V power supply output voltage with drop under while the load will increase and will rise when not under load. For example, an unregulated 12V power supply can output 14V when not under load and can drop the voltage to 11V when under 1A load and 10V when under 2A load. This rise and drop of voltage in unregulated power supplies can sometimes burn sensitive electronics equipments.

FEATURES 1. Output current in excess of 1A 2. Internal thermal overload protection 3. No external components required 4. Output transistor safe area protection 5. Internal short circuit current limit
6. Available in the aluminium TO-3 package.

VOLTAGE RANGE LM7805C LM7812C LM7815C 5V 12V 15V

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PIN CONFIGURATION

Fig. 9: Top view of TO-220 packaging Absolute Maximum Ratings Input Voltage (VO = 5V, 12V and 15V) 35V Internal Power Dissipation (Note 1) Internally Limited Operating Temperature Range (TA) 0C to +70C

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7. Voltage Regulator/IC7815
Features 1. Output current in excess of 1A 2. Internal thermal overload protection 3. No external components required 4. Output transistor safe area protection 5. Internal short circuit current limit 6. Available in the 39luminium TO-3 package 7. V REG +15V, 7815, TO-220-3 8. 9. Dropout voltage:2V No. of Outputs:1

10. No. of Pins:3 11. Voltage Regulator IC Case Style:TO-220 12. Operating Temperature Range:-20C to +85C 13. Case Style:TO-220 14. Max Operating Temperature:85C 15. Min Temperature Operating:-20C

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CHAPTER 4 BLOCK DIAGRAMS

Amplification Circuit The voltage signal of the thermocouple is usually in the milli-volts range, hence amplification is needed. One of the most used amplifiers is the instrumentation amplifier [IA] (or high impedance differential amplifier). Aside from amplification, this IA has the potential to remove common mode noise. It is formed by three operational amplifiers a shown in Figure 2 below. We will connect this circuit on the breadboard by using the quad Op-Amp IC (LM324) to save wiring complexity.

Fig. 1: Amplification Circuit

40

The output of the amplifier is given as:

Connection of LM35DZ with the amplification IC LM324

Fig. 2: Connection of LM35DZ with the amplification IC LM324 The above diagram shows the circuit connection of the temperature sensor LM35DZ with the amplification circuit comprising LM324, the output of which is fed to DAQ. The resistor components used here are specifically designed to obtain a voltage gain to drive the DAQ. Connection of pressure sensor ICS 1220 with amplification IC LM324

41

Fig. 3: Connection of pressure sensor ICS 1220 with amplification IC LM324 The above diagram shows the connection of pressure sensor ICS 1220 with amplification IC LM324. The circuit components like resistors are arranged in a manner so as to obtain a proper voltage gain to drive the DAQ. The operational amplifier used here is IC741 the output of which is fed to the sensor. The output of the sensor is fed to the amplification circuit comprising resistors and LM324.

CHAPTER 5
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LabVIEW

LabVIEW is a graphical programming environment used by millions of engineers and scientists to develop sophisticated measurement, test, and control systems using intuitive graphical icons and wires that resemble a flowchart. It offers unrivalled integration with thousands of hardware devices and provides hundreds of built-in libraries for advanced analysis and data visualization all for creating virtual instrumentation. The LabVIEW platform is scalable across multiple targets and OSs, and, since its introduction in 1986, it has become an industry leader.

Key Features 1. Faster Programming 2. Hardware Integration with LabVIEW 3. Advanced Built-In Analysis and Signal Processing 4. Data Display and User Interfaces 5. Multiple Targets and Oss 6. Multiple Programming Approaches 7. Multi core Programming 8. Data Storage and Reporting 9. Software Services, Training, and Support 10. File Sharing and Collaboration with LabVIEW Users Worldwide

Data Acquisition

43

Designed for performance, NI data acquisition (DAQ) devices provide the I/O capabilities, measurement accuracy, and software flexibility your application requires. With patented hardware and software technologies, National Instruments offers PC-based measurement and control solutions that deliver increased productivity through user-defined logging, analysis, and visualization.

Choose from a variety of common PC-buses and form factors, including USB, PCI, PCI Express, PXI, PXI Express, wireless, and Ethernet. NI-DAQmx multithreaded driver software provides ease of use, flexibility, and performance in multiple programming environments, including NI LabVIEW, NI LabWindows/CVI, C/C++, Visual C#, and Visual Basic .NET.

NI USB-6008 14-Bit, 48 kS/s Low-Cost Multifunction DAQ

1. 8 analog inputs (14-bit, 48 kS/s)

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2. 2 analog outputs (12-bit, 150 S/s); 12 digital I/O; 32-bit counter 3. Bus-powered for high mobility; built-in signal connectivity 4. OEM version available 5. Compatible with LabVIEW, LabWindows/CVI, and Measurement Studio for Visual Studio .NET 6. NI-DAQmx driver software and NI LabVIEW Signal Express LE interactive datalogging software. 7. 8 analog inputs (14-bit, 48 kS/s). 8. 2 analog outputs (12-bit, 150 S/s); 12 digital I/O; 32-bit counter. 9. Bus-powered for high mobility; built-in signal connectivity. 10. 11. 12. OEM version available Compatible with LabVIEW, LabWindows/CVI, and Measurement Studio for NI-DAQmx driver software and NI LabVIEW SignalExpress LE interactive

Visual Studio .NET data-logging software

NI USB-6008 Internal Diagram:

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Fig. 1: NI USB-6008 Shown above are the front view and the side view of the USB 6008. The width excluding the ports is 63.5mm, and the width of the USB 6008 including the ports is 72.65mm. The lengths are 76.0mm and 85.09mm. In inches, the width excluding the ports is 2.500 inches, and the width of the USB 6008 including the ports is 2.860 inches. The lengths are 2.996 inches and 3.350 inches.

LabVIEW Codes

Block Diagrams:
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Part 1.

Fig.2:Creationo of senders email id

Figure2 shows the first part of the block diagram. This includes the creation of the senders email address, the receivers email address, the case structure including if or not a cc is to be sent. It also includes the merger of the subject and the body.

Part 2

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Fig. 3:Activation of SMTP Figure 3 shows the second part of the block diagram. It includes activating the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). It also includes the coding used for attaching a file along with the message. The meteorological data can be sent in that file.

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Part 3

Fig.4: Storing data in the file In figure 4, the meteorological data is stored in the file. Depending on the Boolean switch, the file is either written or sent.

Part 4

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Front Panel of Data Logger

Fig. 6:Front Panel depicting Controls and Indicators As shown in fig.6, the front panel comprises indicators like temperature indicator, pressure indicator, humidity indicator. The graph and chart for temperature and humidity are drawn with respect to time. A dialog box is given for Senders Email address, to which the data is being sent. A dialog box depicting the port number is meant for a particular website on which the email account is created. The port number varies according to the website. Here, we are using Port number 587 which is specifically defined for Gmail.

DAQ ASSISTANT

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CHAPTER 7 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

In our project, we have successfully acquired meteorological data from the atmosphere and recorded, analysed and communicated them. We can use GSM technology to communicate the data to a cellular mobile phone via Short Messaging Service. If applied, this means that as soon as the data is recorded, a mobile phone whose number is stored in the program will receive a text message intimating all the details comprising data. The interfacing can be improved by using Compact RIO. The program can be stored in RIO and it can act as a standalone device. This will ensure a higher speed.

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CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION
For many important experiments that are conducted at national and international levels in various scientific and technical establishments for research, environmental and meteorological data is necessary. There are many ways in which such data is acquired. We have used the software LabVIEW by National Instruments to collect data, i.e. temperature, humidity and pressure, to log this data and analyse it in different ways. The data acquired on site has to be transmitted to the workplace, where research experiments are conducted. We have programmed our project to transmit the data using SMTP. Thus, our project acquires, analyses, and transmits important data that can then be used for making important breakthroughs.

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REFERENCES

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