Working to Conserve

Birds of Prey in Nature

Majesty on the Wing - Bald Eagle ©1978, Robert Bateman. Courtesy of the artist and Mill Pond Press, Inc. Venice, FL 34292
1999 Annual Report

the peregrine fund

world center for birds of prey
 LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

T he Peregrine Falcon was legally removed from the list of threatened and endangered species within the Endangered
Species Act (ESA) on 25 August 1999 (see page 2 for details). Although the Peregrine was out of jeopardy for some years,
the restoration effort could never be considered complete until this legal action was taken. Based on geographic area and
results, the restoration of the Peregrine Falcon must be considered the most significant species recovery program in the 20th
Century in North America. The proposed de-listing of the Bald Eagle will be a good beginning for this new century!
The Peregrine Fund was involved in the early days of Bald Eagle restoration. In 1976 we pioneered the method for release of
eagles to the wild, helping New York State launch its endangered species program. The two eaglets we released by “hacking”
were removed, one each, from nests with three young in Wisconsin where the Bald Eagle population was healthy. Some people
criticized the release as just a publicity stunt for the Nation’s Bicentennial Year. Incredibly, these first two released eagles bred in
1979, just 80 miles away from the release location, raising two young of their own and continuing to nest there for many years.
The success demonstrated the methods we developed for the Peregrines had broad application for other species and, more
importantly, that species restoration was possible. The reintroduction of Bald Eagles in New York was expanded and continued
as it was in many other states and internationally with other eagle species by other private and government organizations. We
look forward to the de-listing and have placed the Bald Eagle on the cover in recognition of that important outcome. Our con-
gratulations to all involved!
Although restoration of the Peregrine Falcon and Bald Eagle in North America are magnificent accomplishments, never was
either species in jeopardy of extinction throughout its entire range as was the case for the Mauritius Kestrel. The Mauritius
Kestrel exists on a single island, Mauritius, in the Indian Ocean. In the mid 1970s when The Peregrine Fund became involved,
working with the Mauritius Wildlife Appeal Fund, Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust, and others, most people considered the
species beyond hope of recovery, as only one pair was known to remain and no more than three to five total kestrels existed.
Today the Mauritius Kestrel flourishes, and there are believed to be over 700 kestrels. For raptor restoration, this accomplishment
must head the list for species restoration in the 20th Century.
In 1993 we were asked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Hawai‘i to assume an important role in restoration
of the Hawaiian Crow and, later, all of the State’s endangered birds. Only two raptor species breed in Hawai‘i, the Hawaiian Owl
and Hawaiian Hawk, and neither is in jeopardy, although the hawk is listed under the ESA as “endangered.” Through a herculean
File Photos

effort by The Peregrine Fund staff and cooperators, a great deal has been accomplished in just a few years. Much of the knowledge
and physical foundation needed for effective species restoration in Hawai`i now exists. We did all we could
short of reshaping our organization, which was the next requirement if the program results achieved
First release to the
wild by hacking of
were to continue at the same pace. In 2000, our role, staff, and the program in Hawai‘i are being trans-
nestling Bald Eagles - ferred to the Zoological Society of San Diego (see pages 8 & 9). We are again re-focusing on raptors.
1976, New York state. Even working only on raptors, however, the actions needed far exceed our resources, emphasizing the
importance of being realistic, effective, and collaborating with others. Our varying involvements with all
of the above-mentioned species and projects have convinced us of this conclusion.
Over 30 years ago Tom Cade founded The Peregrine Fund. I have touched on only a portion of the
organization’s record and even so believe it to be remarkable. The qualities and traditions which have
helped achieve these results in the 20th Century must be remembered and emphasized as we pro-
ceed into the future. Therefore, we present to you “Raptor 2100,” The Peregrine Fund’s plan for the
21st Century (page 1). With this plan comes a request for your continued partnership.

Sincerely yours,

Bill Burnham
President
 BUILDING TO LAST – RAPTOR 2100 RAPTOR 2100: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: RAPTOR 2100 Objective: Working to Conserve
Wild Populations of Birds of Prey
Early in 1998, The Peregrine Fund Board and staff began a series of retreats and meetings to review who we are, what we stand Synopsis: The Peregrine Fund works worldwide
for, why we exist, and where we are going. Having an almost three-decade history of building upon successes and annually to conserve wild populations of birds of prey.
achieving meaningful results provided an excellent basis for review and discussion. The process required almost two years and Conserving raptors provides an umbrella of pro-
tection for entire ecosystems and their biodiver-
resulted in “A Strategic Plan For The 21st Century: Raptor 2100.” sity. We are a non-political, solution-oriented,
hands-on, science-based organization. Goals are

T
he successful completion of the Pere-
grine Falcon restoration prompted us
to review and define the major objec-
tives of The Peregrine Fund with the aim of
building an organization that will continue to
work through the next century to conserve
birds of prey in the wild. The resulting strate-
gic plan, Raptor 2100,describes the major
objectives of the organization, provides a
guideline for prioritizing projects to achieve
those objectives, and outlines how we antici-
pate the plan will be implemented.
The Peregrine Fund’s objective for Raptor
2100 is to work to conserve wild populations
of birds of prey. Implicit within Raptor 2100
is the understanding that we will build on
the strengths and characteristics of The Pere-
grine Fund that collectively make us a
unique conservation organization, such as:
our focus on birds of prey; hands-on, sci-
ence-based projects; and our non-political,
solution-oriented approach that draws people
together to work on shared goals. We occupy
a unique and important niche in the conser-
vation community and by extending our
global activities we expect to have a major
impact on conservation of raptors and other
species in their ecosystems.
Methods are divided into those that will be
applied within the U.S. (Raptor 2100 National
Program) and those applied throughout the rest
of the world (Raptor 2100 International Pro-
gram) because raptor conservation needs and
opportunities differ broadly along those lines.
In general, we go to work when: (1) raptor
species become threatened or endangered; or
(2) limited knowledge exists on species of rap-
tors; or (3) raptor conservation benefits envi-
ronmental health and conservation of biodi-
versity; and (4) when raptors can be used for
developing local capacity for conservation in
the developing world; and (5) our efforts can
contribute to conservation of habitat and the
environment on which raptors depend.
Raptor 2100 National Program includes
actions that we can apply to conserve species
within the United States. These include: (1)
hands-on raptor management actions (e.g.,
captive breeding and release); (2) providing
advice and knowledge to others (e.g., federal,
state, and local government); (3) public edu-
cation; (4) hands-on enhancement of raptor
habitats; and (5) basic research.
Raptor 2100 International Program includes
all of the actions in the National Program, as
needed and appropriate, plus actions that are
applicable in many developing nations where
a lack of knowledge, expertise, or infrastruc-
ture are often the greatest challenges to
achieving conservation. These include: (1)
increasing knowledge and understanding of
the natural history and status of little-known
raptors through field studies; (2) conserving
raptors and their habitats, to include working
to prevent species from becoming endan-
gered; (3) developing local capacity to achieve
conservation through training, support, and
developing infrastructure; (4) providing
opportunities for student training and sup-
port; (5) providing information to govern-
ments for policy decisions; (6) serving as an
information warehouse on the biology and
status of raptors worldwide; and (7) establish-
ing a biogeographic small grants program to
fund individuals to achieve much of the in-
country work.
In assessing whether to begin a new proj-
ect, we will use the following guidelines to
achieved by restoring and maintaining viable
help us decide in what to invest our conser- populations of species in jeopardy; studying
vation resources (dollars, people, time, etc.): little-known species; conserving habitat; educat-
(1) degree of species endangerment; (2) level ing students; developing local capacity for sci-
of knowledge about the species; (3) probabil- ence and conservation in developing countries;
and providing factual information to the public.
ity that others can and will do the work; (4)
Since beginning work in 1970 we have assisted
level of impact of results compared with level raptor conservation projects in more than 40
of investment of resources; (5) how the proj- countries on six continents.
ect fits with others underway or planned; and
(6) whether we are capable of accomplishing
the project successfully.
Projects will be evaluated annually using
the following guidelines to help decide
whether or not to continue the project: (1)
adequate progress towards defined objec-
tives; (2) prior and future organizational
resource investments needed to be success-
ful; (3) availability of financial, staff, and facil-
ity resources; (4) impact and sustainability of
the results; (5) project cost and proportion of
project cost provided by The Peregrine Fund.
Overall, a successful project will demon-
strate one or more of the following bench-
mark results: (1) preventing the extinction of
a species; (2) conservation of important
raptor habitat; (3) an increase in knowledge
of species; or (4) developing individual and
organizational conservation and science
capacity internationally to carry initiatives
forward. Exceptional staff and Board mem-
bers are both a hallmark of the past and criti-
cal for the future. Each person must con-
tribute measurably to the organization’s
achievement of meaningful annual results.
Expenditures must not exceed income or
the annually approved budget. Ideally, invest-
ment income (endowment) should, at a mini-
mum, cover all administrative expense. Our
goal is for 100% of donors’ gifts to go to proj-
ect support.

Drawing by John Schmitt

1
 PEREGRINE FALCON
T he Peregrine Fund may be
unique, but if not, surely it
is one of only a few conser-
vation organizations to achieve the
goal for which it was created. Cer-
tainly we cannot take all the credit
as many organizations and thou-
sands of people played a role, but
ours was certainly central and sig-
nificant to the ultimate accom-
plishment.
Young Peregrines at Sheep
Mountain release site,
Rocky Mountain National
Park, Colorado, 1980.
Photo by Steve Platt
2
At the 20 and 21 August 1999
North American Peregrine Falcon
Victory Celebration, the Secretary
of the Interior, the Honorable Bruce
Babbitt, announced the de-listing of
the Peregrine from the Endangered
Species List. On 25 August 1999
the announcement was published
in the Federal Register, making the
action official. Over 1,000 people
participated in the Boise, Idaho Cel-
ebration and we doubt any will
ever forget the experience (see The method will be adopted by the U.S.
Peregrine Fund Newsletter No. 30, Fish and Wildlife Service and the
summer/fall 1999).
As U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
grine release site attendant herself,
States so most of their limited
funds can go toward restoration of
Director Jamie Clark, a former Pere- endangered species. Monitoring no
longer needs to be annual or inten-
said at the announcement for the sive for this species. Checking
proposed de-listing a year earlier on small, representative portions (sam-
26 August 1998, “the Peregrine ples) of the Peregrine breeding sites
Falcon is back!” She was correct, annually or larger numbers every
and the dramatic increase in num- three to five years is sufficient.
bers of pairs is indisputable. In Monitoring should be to detect pop-
some states there are now more ulation trends over time, not to
breeding Peregrines known than document annual variations in
ever before, and we do not know reproduction.
what the upper population limits The final declaration of a success-
and carrying capacity of the habitat ful recovery of the Peregrine is turn-
may be. While a few critics of the ing its management over to state
de-listing worry that wildlife agencies, as
removal of the Pere- with other species
grine from the protec- protected under the
tion of the Endan- Migratory Bird Treaty
Restoration of viable
gered Species Act Act, and allowing for a
wild populations of
could jeopardize pop- limited harvest of
ulations, yet others Peregrine Falcons in hatch year Peregrines
are worrying the the United States and for falconry. This may
increased numbers of removal from the seem a strange state-
Peregrines could nega- Endangered Species ment and unneces-
tively affect potential List. Achieved. sary step to some
prey species such as readers, but we
the Least Tern in California. Mean- believe it is important. The falcon-
while, the Peregrine remains oblivi- ers offered up their Peregrines,
ous to these human concerns in its knowledge, and even dollars to help
ecological role as a top predator. begin the captive breeding and
There are two remaining issues to restoration program and con-
be completed in association with tributed importantly for three
the de-listing: (1) development and decades to completion. Their trust
implementation of a monitoring should be recognized now that the
plan to track Peregrine populations Peregrine is back, and they should
and (2) authorizing and setting again be able to capture hatch year,
limits for harvest of nestling and wild Peregrines to use in falconry
immature (hatch year) Peregrines from geographic areas where Pere-
for use in falconry. Although several grines flourish. There is no biologi-
rather complex and expensive pro- cal justification not to do so. With
posals have been made for moni- the capture of the first Peregrine for
toring populations, we are hopeful falconry, the story of the Peregrine
a more reasonable but satisfactory will have come full circle.
CAPTIVE BREEDING - RAPTORS
Harpy Eagle - Ten eggs were laid This juvenile Ornate Hawk

C by three Harpy Eagles at the World Eagle is not in its native

aptive breeding is a cor- Central American habitat, but
nerstone for the Aplo- Center between 16 December is in fact at tame hack at the
mado Falcon, California 1998 and 16 April 1999. Six of the residence of our Board mem-
Condor, and Harpy Eagle restora- eggs were fertile, and the seventh ber, Bob Berry. In 1998 he
may have been fertile but was paired our handicapped hawk
tion programs. A new crop of eagle from Guatemala with a
expertly propagated and raised broken by the eagles. Unfortu- captive-bred male, producing
young are annually required. nately, none of the eggs hatched. two beautiful progeny in 1999.
Should this effort falter, there This failure was a great disappoint- This was only the second suc-
would be no releases, and recov- ment, and we reviewed all aspects cessful mating pair for this
of management of eagle pairs and species in the U.S.
ery rates would slow, and even
possibly fail. We therefore focus incubation of their eggs for this
exclusively on propagation on this season and past years. Pathology
page. was also performed on the eggs
and embryos by Bruce Rideout,
RESULTS Chairman of Pathology, at the San
Aplomado Falcon - This year, as Diego Zoo. No mistakes, deficien-
last year and the year before, was cies, or disease were discovered.
in every sense a record breaking We believe, however, that housing
STAFF
season for propagation of Aplo- the eagles indoors throughout the
Captive propagation at the World Center is
mado Falcons. Of particular note is year may be resulting in vitamin
accomplished by Cal Sandfort, Randy

Photo by Bob Berry

the exceptional rate for hatching deficiencies we cannot correct
Townsend, and Randy Stevens with the
of fertile eggs and survival of through diet supplements. Empha-
assistance of Sean Cluff and Ross Dickinson.
young hatched. sizing this concern are
Raptor food production is managed by Amel
California the excellent results
Mustic, Roy Britton, and Nedim
Condor - California achieved by the San
Omerlegovic. Facility maintenance is under
Condors do not Diego Zoo using the Ten Year Captive Breeding Summary
Propagate the required same propagation the direction of Randy Stevens.
reach sexual matu- for the Aplomado Falcon
rity until about numbers of the best parameters but with
seven or even eight possible physically, their pair held in an Year Total Females Total Fertile Young Young COOPERATORS
years of age. Even behaviorally, and outside enclosure. Laying/Laying Eggs Laid Eggs Hatched Survived Major financial support for captive propaga-
then, production of genetically constituted Boise, Idaho’s climate Fertile Eggs tion is provided by the U.S. Fish and
fertile eggs may is too cold to keep Wildlife Service, the Lee and Ramona Bass
raptors for release to 1990 10/4 40 6 (15%) 6 (100%) 4 (67%)
require additional tropical eagles out-of- Foundation, the Idaho Bureau of Land
the wild.
years. Our captive doors. To address this 1991 8/4 43 22 (51%) 18 (82%) 12 (67%) Management, and donors listed under the
population at the World Center is issue and other difficulties we project reports. Pathology and veterinarian
1992 11/6 55 35 (64%) 22 (63%) 19 (86%) support are provided by Meridian Veterinary
young, and many condors are just have experienced with breeding
reaching maturity. We are expect- tropical raptors indoors, we plan to 1993 13/6 69 35 (51%) 27 (77%) 26 (96%) Clinic, the Zoological Society of San Diego,
ing a large jump in number of create a Neotropical Raptor Center Dubai Falcon Hospital (Dave and Cheryl
1994 19/12 112 53 (47%) 31 (58%) 12 (39%)
young produced over the next few in Panama in 2000 for propaga- Remple), Washington State University
years. Of special note are the total tion of tropical species. 1995 24/22 115 68 (59%) 49 (72%) 49 (100%) (Lindsay Oaks), the Idaho Department of
number of fertile eggs laid (14) Note: This report is for the year 1996 24/21 186 130 (70%) 110 (85%) 42 (38%) Fish and Game, Wildlife Health Laboratory,
compared to the number hatched 1999. Good news for 2000--we Caine Veterinary Teaching Laboratory, and
1997 23/19 180 129 (72%) 108 (84%) 105 (97%) The Raptor Center.
(12). Over 85% of the fertile eggs have hatched three Harpy Eagle
have hatched! chicks as of this writing! 1998 25/19 213 136 (64%) 119 (88%) 117 (98%)
1999 27/24 222 145 (65%) 128 (88%) 126 (98%)
Total N/A 1,235 759 (62%) 618 (82%) 512 (83%)

3
 CALIFORNIA CONDOR RESTORATION
1996 and releases have been

I n 1967 the California Condor

list of endangered species

with an estimated population size
of less than 60 individuals. The
occurring every year since.
was placed on the first federal Releases there are being conducted
under the 10(j) rule of the Endan-
gered Species Act -- “experimental
nonessential population.” Outside
total number of condors reached its of National Parks and Recreation
lowest point in 1982 with just over Areas, the rule treats the condors
20 condors in existence. It has now as a threatened species, not as an
been 12 years since the last free- endangered one, and no related
flying California Condor was restrictions are placed on current
trapped and brought into captivity or future land management prac-
back in 1987. There were many tices. This arrangement has worked
people who believed they would well and we have received a
never see another wild condor tremendous level of support from
soaring majestically in the wild. the local community and everyone
Just one year later, in 1988, the involved.
first captive California Condor was 1999: The total population of Cali-
hatched at the San Diego Wild fornia Condors is now at 155 indi-
Animal Park, and in 1992 the first viduals. Of those, 99 are in captivity
experimental release took place on with 42 at our World Center for
the Arundell Cliffs, Sespe Condor Birds of Prey, 30 at the Los Angeles
Establish self-sustaining Sanctuary, in Ventura County, Cali- Zoo, and 27 at the San Diego Wild
wild populations of fornia. Additional condors were Animal Park. The wild population
being raised at the Los Angeles consists of 50 condors with six
California Condors
through captive propa- Zoo, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife additional birds being held in prepa-
gation, release, and
Service (Service) requested that The ration for release at a site in central
Peregrine Fund be the third institu- California. Of the total we have 25
management with the birds in the wild in northern Ari-
tion to breed condors and assume
ultimate goal of remov- the lead for their release into the zona at our two release sites. Five
ing the species from the wilds of northern Arizona. are at the Hurricane Cliffs and 20
Endangered Species List. are at the Vermilion Cliffs.
RESULTS There were four condor mortali-
By September of 1993 we had ties in Arizona in 1999. A four-
completed our first 17,000 sq ft year-old, condor #24, was shot
breeding and laboratory facility, the while perched on a rock ledge just
Peter and Conni Pfendler California above the Colorado river in Grand
Condor Facility, holding 10 pairs of Canyon National Park. The perpe-
condors at the World Center. A trator was subsequently fined
second 10-chamber building was $3,200 dollars, placed on one year
constructed in 1997. We now have of supervised probation, and
21 pairs of California Condors, ordered to perform 200 hours of
Photo by Amy Nicholas

including the only pair on public community service. The cause for
display located in our Velma Morri- the most recent death of Vermilion
son Interpretive Center. Cliffs condor #16 is currently being
The first release by The Peregrine determined. The loss of these two
Fund was on the Vermilion Cliffs, birds was especially tragic because
California Condor country, Arizona!
northern Arizona, in December of they were two of the oldest birds
4
 Photo by Chris Parish
Photo by Amy Nicholas
Ravens often harass the California
Condors, as shown here. Even though
ravens are large birds, they appear
small compared to condors.
and would have potentially been
some of the first condors to breed
in the wild. Two additional young
birds from the 1999 release also
were lost. Condor #97 was killed
by a Golden Eagle and condor #07
was found dead with food aspi-
rated into its lungs. Of the 35 con-
dors we have released in three
years, nine have died. Considering
the ages, it is clear the condors are
most at risk during the first few
months in the wild. Four deaths
have occurred less than two
months after release, and six of the
nine were less than five months
after release. Of 23 released birds
that have survived longer than six
months, 20 are still alive in the
wild. If a young condor can make
it through its first spring and
summer, its chances for survival
increase dramatically.
After extensive flights during the
summer of 1998, the Vermilion
Cliffs-released condors have
remained relatively sedentary,
while young from the first Hurri-
cane release ventured as far north-
east as Mesa Verde, Colorado
before permanently joining with
the Vermilion Cliffs birds. In early
July both groups of condors, now
numbering 20 individuals, discov-
ered the South Rim of Grand
Canyon National Park. With the
Park often hosting up to 12,000 vis-
itors per day, the condors were
drawn to the activity at the many
overlooks. Peregrine Fund and Park
biologists joined forces to keep the
condors away from potentially dan-
gerous situations while providing
tourists with valuable educational
information on condor biology.
Significant progress was made
this year in creating a self-suffi-
cient wild condor population. From
mid-May through the end of August
no Vermilion Cliffs condors fed on
carcasses we provided, preferring
Left: Project field manager Shawn Farry
with young California Condor.
Below: Fitting a California Condor with a
radio transmitter prior to release are, from
left, Ruth Andres, Brian Mutch, Shawn
Farry, Bill Heinrich, and Chad Fitzpatrick.
Photo by Chris Parish
to forage completely on their own. the area covered by the 10(j) status
During this period condors were to include half of Nevada and all of
observed feeding on the carcasses Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New
of Mule Deer, Big Horn Sheep, Mexico. The expansion would help
Beaver, Elk, and range cows and facilitate additional releases. We are
sheep. In late August our biologists gradually making progress on
were able to trap 18 of the con- reaching the recovery goal of estab-
dors, take blood samples, and lishing a population of 150 condors
replace radio transmitters. Blood and at least 15 breeding pairs out-
samples were evaluated for chemi- side of California. There are still no
cal and metal contamination as California Condors breeding in the
well as for nutritional analysis. All wild although we anticipate that
of the condors came up with a changing in the next few years as
clean bill of health. the population of free-flying con-
dors becomes sexually mature.
FUTURE PLANS
We are currently working with
local communities and the U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service to expand
STAFF
Coordination, Bill Heinrich with assistance
from Brian Mutch; reintroduction, Shawn
Farry; field assistance, Amy Nicholas, Kirk
Stodola, Kristy Bly, Gantt Charping, Janelle
Cuddeford, Gretchen Druliner, Melissa Gray,
Jeffrey Kingscott, and Karen Leavelle; and
scientific assistance, Lloyd Kiff.
COOPERATORS
Transporting California Condors takes a
tremendous amount of logistical coordina-
tion. We have been fortunate to receive
major support from the Bureau of Land
Management’s Boise Smoke Jumpers, the
Idaho National Guard, the U.S. Forest
Service, Norm Freeman (based out of
Phoenix), and The Salt River Project with
both fixed wing aircraft and helicopters.
Additional cooperators are the U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, the Los Angeles Zoo,
the Zoological Society of San Diego, the
Arizona Game and Fish Department, and
the Bureau of Land Management, as well
as the local ranchers and lodge owners.
Special thanks go to Maggie Sacher.
Financial assistance this year was provided
by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The
Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, Idaho
Bureau of Land Management, Turner
Foundation, Inc., ARCO Foundation, William
H. Gates Foundation, Wallace Research
Foundation, The Kearney Foundation, Globe
Foundation, Jane Smith Turner Foundation,
Patagonia, Bank One, Arizona, NA, Norcross
Wildlife Foundation, Inc., Ten Times Ten
Foundation, Grand Canyon Association, and
Tejon Ranch.
5
 NORTHERN APLOMADO FALCON RESTORATION
O nce common throughout
much of the American
Southwest, the Aplomado
Falcon declined dramatically during
the early part of this century and
Photo by Angel Montoya
had disappeared as a breeding
species within the United States by
the 1950s. The U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service listed the Aplo-
mado Falcon as an endangered
species in 1986 and requested that
Above: Aplomado Falcons
do not build nests but The Peregrine Fund assume the
instead use those con- leadership in its recovery. To
structed by other birds accomplish this, a captive breeding
which may be weak and
population was developed from 25
dangerous to eggs and
young. Here Brian Mutch
nestlings collected over a four-year
reinforces such a nest. period from remaining populations
Right: Brian Mutch passes a
in southern Mexico. From this
downy Aplomado Falcon modest investment of wild stock,
down from the nest to an incredible 466 captive-bred
Photo by Bill Heinrich
Angel Montoya for banding.
Aplomado Falcons have now been
released into former habitats in
south Texas! Our biologists are cur-
rently observing at least 19 estab-
Photo by Brian Mutch
Two 1999 wild-produced young produced from
previously released Aplomado Falcons.
6
lished pairs of Aplomado Falcons, species not only increase the
and this beautiful species is once
again breeding within the United
States.
RESULTS
amount of food required to support
a falcon release, but also represent
a direct threat to the falcon’s sur-
vival. In an effort to attract fewer
miscellaneous wildlife species, our
Last season (1998) we celebrated biologists have successfully devel-
our best year yet for both the oped a covered feeding platform
number of Aplomado Falcons which shields the food from view
raised and the number of young of vultures and other scavengers.
falcons successfully released. This There are at present two core
year was even better! We experi- breeding areas of released Aplo-
enced phenomenal propagation mado Falcons. Five pairs have been
success (see Captive Breeding - located on Matagorda Island, and a
Raptors), and a record 115 captive- second group of 14 pairs occurs
bred falcons were released at eight approximately 150 miles to the
sites along the Texas Gulf Coast south on the Laguna Atascosa
with a 75% success rate. Each National Wildlife Refuge and sur-
release site is continu- rounding private
ally monitored for a properties. The mean
minimum of six distance between
weeks. A falcon is To establish a self-sus- active nests in the
considered to be suc- taining wild population southern group is
cessfully released of Aplomado Falcons in approximately 19 km
once it has been out (n=6). Many of the
the southwestern United
in the wild for three 19 pairs of Aplomado
States and northern
weeks, capturing prey Falcons under obser-
on its own and no Mexico through captive
vation were sub-adult,
longer dependent on propagation, release,
nevertheless eight
being fed by our biol- and management with (42%) attempted to
ogists. The most the ultimate goal of breed, and four (21%)
important causes of removing this species successfully fledged a
death for newly from the Endangered total of 12 young. An
released falcons are Species List. average of 1.5 young
disorientation imme- were fledged from
diately following release and subse- pairs that attempted to nest. In
quent predation by Great-horned Mexico we continue to monitor a
Owls. Over the years the success population of Aplomado Falcons in
rate has averaged 70%. We have northern Chihuahua where 13
learned that the longer a release nests fledged a total of 17 young
site is used within a season, the resulting in 1.3 fledged per nest.
higher the mortality rate becomes. The fledging rate of Aplomado Fal-
It essentially becomes a feeding cons in this new Texas population
station for not only the released fal- compares favorably with the fledg-
cons, but for other wildlife as well, ing rate that we are observing in
particularly Turkey Vultures, Great- Chihuahua. Nevertheless, mortality
horned Owls, Chihuahuan Ravens, at nest sites remains higher than
Raccoons, and Coyotes. These we would like due to predation

from other birds, mammals, and
fire ants. Aplomado Falcons do not
construct their own nests, but
rather utilize abandoned hawk,
kite, or raven nests. We have
observed nestling mortality as a
result of structural failures associ-
ated with the age and disrepair of
some of these secondhand nests.
In an effort to reduce nestling mor-
tality resulting from predators and
from structural failure, in Texas we
have erected a variety of artificial
nesting structures.
The adaptability of the Aplomado
Falcon and their use of novel nest-
ing sites is fascinating to observe.
Two pairs nested in artificial struc-
tures we provided, and the remain-
der utilized abandoned stick nests
on power poles and in Macartney
Rose, Texas Ebony, and Mesquite.
One pair even attempted to nest
directly on the ground. Of particu-
lar interest are the five pairs of fal-
cons on Matagorda Island. These
are the first pairs to be discovered
on barrier islands and as far north
as Matagorda. Young Aplomado
Falcons are particularly vulnerable
to predation by Great-horned Owls
during the first two weeks after
their release. Releasing Aplomado
Falcons on barrier islands like
Matagorda, which support fewer
Great-horned Owls, may represent
an important step in the recovery
of this species. We had expected
the falcons to disperse onto the
mainland to nest and have been
rather surprised that pairs are actu-
ally nesting successfully on the
island on top of thickets of rose
bushes.
More than 97% of suitable habi-
tat in Texas is privately owned,
requiring the essential partnership
of the landowners in this endan-
Adult female Aplomado Falcon.
gered species recovery effort. This
partnership has required the devel-
opment of a unique and effective
Habitat Conservation Plan known
as a “Safe Harbor Agreement,”
which has successfully enrolled
more than one million acres of pri-
vate habitat to date. This conserva-
tion plan provides protection for
the landowner from potential
restrictions imposed by the Endan-
gered Species Act while, at the
same time, providing access to
essential habitat for the recovery of
the Aplomado Falcon. Through
education at both federal and local
levels, and through the develop-
ment of innovative and realistic
solutions to current problems asso-
ciated with the Endangered Species
Act, we are significantly increasing
the potential for participation by
the private sector in species
restoration by instilling trust.
FUTURE PLANS
The success of this project
requires that additional release
sites be established. With so many
new pairs being formed during the
last year, many of the release sites
that we have used in the past are
now occupied by pairs of falcons.
This bodes well for the success of
this program but represents a con-
tinual challenge to develop new,
and successful, release sites. In
2000 we are planning to use 10
sites, of which eight will be new.
We are in the process of expanding
the Safe Harbor permit to enable
the development of release sites in
west Texas. The Peregrine Fund is
also working with a variety of pri-
vate, state, and federal entities in
New Mexico in an effort to develop
a future release program in that
state.
STAFF
Program direction, Peter Jenny; coordination,
Bill Heinrich; reintroduction, Brian Mutch;
field manager, Angel Montoya; science assis-
tance, Lloyd Kiff; and hack site attendants--
Christine Appet, Alison Benedict, Thom
Benedict, Kelly Bowman, Elizabeth Burgess,
William Gantt Charping, Janelle Lynn
Cuddeford, Dana Doherty, Jessica Eastlake,
Maya Farry, Marcus Martin, Mark Menlove,
David Moen, Beverly Oney, Stephanie Sims,
Kristy Smith, and Ruth Van Wye.
COOPERATORS
We cooperate with the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, the Secretaria De Medio
Ambiente Recursos Naturales Y Pesca
(SEMARNAP), the Texas Parks and Wildlife
Department, and receive support from many
partners from the private sector. Working
closely with Miguel Mora of the Patuxent
Wildlife Research Center we continue to ana-
lyze levels of environmental contaminants
found in the eggs and blood of established
Aplomado Falcons. In cooperation with
PRONATURA VERACRUZ and FUNDACION
ARA, we support a county-wide distributional
survey of the Aplomado Falcon in Mexico.
Providing essential financial support were
the Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation, The
Brown Foundation, Inc., Houston
Endowment, Inc., Ruth Andres, the Robert
Photo by Steve Bentsen
J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg
Foundation, the National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation, The Tapeats Fund, The Charles
Engelhard Foundation, Exxon Corporation,
Turner Foundation, Inc., Central and South
West Services, Inc., U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Karen
and Tim Hixon, Walter Negley,
Herman Stude, Jane Smith
Artificial nests can be Turner Foundation, and Mike
safer for breeding fal- and Carolyn Maples.
cons than natural nests.
Here Wade Ruddick, San
Jose Island ranch man-
Photo by Brian Mutch
ager (left), and Angel
Montoya construct a
nest to hopefully be
used in the future by
Aplomado Falcons.
7
 HAWAIIAN ENDANGERED BIRD
CONSERVATION PROGRAM
RESULTS

T he Hawaiian Islands are During the past seven years The

facing an extinction crisis of Peregrine Fund’s Hawaiian Endan-

Photo by Cyndi Kuehler

unprecedented proportions. gered Bird Conservation Program
The remaining species of native has accomplished a great deal. In
birds probably comprise less than particular, (1) the development of
20 percent of the original bird life an expert and highly motivated
that evolved in these Islands. staff, (2) the design and construc-
Nearly 75 percent of the recorded tion of a 3.5 million dollar state-of-
extinctions in the United States the-art propagation facility, the
have been native Hawaiian species. Keauhou Bird Conservation Center,
The Peregrine Fund’s overriding (3) an improved State of Hawai‘i-
goal is to enhance global environ- owned Maui Bird Conservation
mental health and the conservation Center, (4) the development of the
of natural resources, and particu- technology to hatch and hand-rear
larly biological diversity. Our successfully 13 species of native
approach to conservation is to Hawaiian birds (10 were the first
“make a difference and make it ever accomplished), (5) the estab-
sustainable” by maintaining a lishment of an associated environ-

Photo by Bill Burnham

small, simple, flexible organization mental education program for
that can act quickly and effectively. Hawaiian school children, and (6)
It is precisely this conservation phi- the successful reintroduction and
losophy that made breeding of the endan-
us the organization gered Puaiohi in the
best suited to help wild.
the U. S. Fish and We believe the per-
To restore viable pop-
Wildlife Service and sonnel, basic knowl-
ulations of endangered
the State of Hawai‘i edge, and facilities now
Hawaiian birds and exist to achieve hands-
halt the imminent
extinction of the remove them from the on recovery actions
Hawaiian Crow in Endangered Species successfully for native
1993 and achieve List. Hawaiian birds. We
Photo by Pat Burnham
Photo by Tracy Powers

many other results. have laid a good foun-

Clockwise from top: Marla and Joop Kuhn, long-term
staff members in Hawai‘i.
Our first three staff in Hawai‘i, from the left: Co-director
Alan Lieberman, Co-director Cyndi Kuehler, and
Hawaiian Crow Release Manager Peter Harrity.
Barbara McIlraith and John Turner expertly managed the
Maui Bird Conservation Center for The Peregrine Fund.
Our Keauhou Bird Conservation Center is a state-of-the-
File Photo
Even with the continued support of dation. And, in keeping with our
State and Federal agencies and our organizational philosophy “make a
private land-owner partners, how- difference and make it sustain-
ever, the natural heritage of the able,” we believe reaching the next
Hawaiian Islands cannot be saved level of achievement can best be
without a major effort by govern- accomplished by the transition of
ment and the private sector alike The Peregrine Fund’s role to
addressing the continuing impact another organization that can offer
of introduced exotic species which the program different conservation
are primarily responsible for extinc- resources. This is only the begin-
tions in Hawai‘i. ning and there is yet much to be

art captive propagation facility which includes areas for

organized visits by students. This is a Kaumana School
group.
8
 CHICKS HATCHED BY HAWAIIAN ENDANGERED BIRD CONSERVATION PROGRAM (1993 -1999)
STAFF
Cyndi Kuehler and Alan Lieberman, Co-
Directors; Peter Harrity, ‘Alala release;
Marla Kuhn, Joop Kuhn, Paul Oesterle,
done before the tide is turned in Tracey Powers, Mary Schwartz, and Lynne
favor of species recovery. Neibaur, Keauhou Bird Conservation Center
After discussions with the Zoo- personnel; Barbara McIlraith, John Turner,
logical Society of San Diego Valerie Stein, and Stephen Bailey, Maui Bird
(ZSSD), the U. S. Fish and Conservation Center personnel. Kristin
Wildlife Service, and the Hawai‘i Whitaker worked as seasonal help during
Department of Land and Natural 1999. Conservation interns included
Resources, we believe that the Melissa Barney, Matt Farley, Angie Felty,
1 2 3 Keith Hackbarth, Tracy Hagen, Dianne
ZSSD is an exceptional organiza-
tion with the depth of Havens, Ju Lee, Patrick Lieske, Leayne
resources to elevate the 1. Common ‘Amakihi 21 Patch, Lisa Rathbun, Mary Schmidt, Kecia
program in Hawai‘i to Photo by Alan Lieberman Spears, and Alison Tozier.
the next needed level. 2. ‘I‘iwi 2
Photo by Paul Banko
The ZSSD’s Center for COOPERATORS
3. ‘Oma‘o (Hawai‘i Thrush) 27 4
Reproduction of Endan- Photo by Joop Kuhn Working together to make this restoration
gered Species (CRES) can 4. Hawai‘i ‘Elepaio 11 program successful are the U. S. Fish and
assist the Hawai‘i pro- Photo by Jack Jeffrey Wildlife Service, Hawai‘i Division of
gram in the areas of 5. Palila 22 Forestry and Wildlife, U. S. National Wildlife
Photo by Jack Jeffrey
research, veterinary Refuges -- Hakalau and Kai Malino, the
6. Puaiohi (Small Kaua‘i Thrush) 46 Biological Resources Division of the
medicine and pathology, Photo by Joop Kuhn
and public relations. 7. ‘Akohekohe (Crested 5 6 U.S.G.S., the National Park Service,
Increased public educa- Honeycreeper) 6 Kamehameha Schools/Bishop Estate, the
tion and visibility are Photo by Jack Jeffrey Zoological Society of San Diego, and the
important to enhance 8. Hawai‘i Creeper 9 biologists, administrators, landowners, and
Photo by Joop Kuhn
conservation in Hawai‘i. interns of the Partnerships entrusted with
9. Maui Parrotbill 3
The ZSSD has the scope Photo by Alan Lieberman
the recovery of the Puaiohi, ‘Alala, and
and breadth to meet 10. ‘Apapane 2 7 Maui forest birds.
these needs. We have Photo by Alan Lieberman

11. Hawai‘i ‘Akepa 6 Financial and in-kind support were provided

invested a great deal in
Photo by Joop Kuhn by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the
Hawai‘i, and we will con-
12. ‘Alala (Hawaiian Crow) 36 Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural
tinue our involvement in Photo by Paul Banko
Resources, the Zoological Society of San
an advisory capacity. 13. Nene (Hawaiian Goose) 52 Diego, The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation,
Part of the key to our Photo by Joop Kuhn
8 9 the Cooke Foundation, Ltd., Wallace
continued success is stay-
Research Foundation, the Atherton Family
ing true to our organization’s origi-
Foundation, Tesoro Hawaii Corporation,
nal focus -- working on birds of 13 Kaytee Avian Foundation, Hawaii
prey. To our co-workers, coopera-
Community Foundation, the McInerny
tors, and friends in Hawai‘i, our
Foundation, G. N. Wilcox Trust, Club 300 of
sincere thanks and best wishes for
Sweden, the Margaret B. Shipman
continued success.
Foundation, the Mad River Foundation,
Hawaii Electric Light Company, an important
anonymous donor, and many supportive
Peregrine Fund members in Hawai‘i.
12
10 11
9
 Joni Frey created a new
flight mural for the
Discovery Room.

STAFF
Program Director, Nancy Freutel; volunteers
and gift shop, MaryAnn Edson; education
EDUCATION PROGRAM
Photos by Nancy Freutel
and raptor care, Kim Middleton; and facility
maintenance, Mark Armstrong and Paul
Malone. RESULTS increased by over 500 students
Cumulative: Since its inception from the prior year. Our 8,152 vis-
Volunteers: Donating over 100 hours of in 1984, the Education Program iting school children, totaling 331
service in 1999 were: Mark Armstrong*, has continued to grow to meet classrooms, represented all grade
Pat Baumback, Christa Braun*, Karen demand. We liken our beginnings levels from kindergarten through
Brender*, Don Disotell*, June Disotell, to that of a one-room school house, college. Almost 80% of these stu-
Betsy Eldredge, Phil Eldredge, Leo Faddis*, and today we are housed in the dents are in elementary school.
Anne Fitzsimmons, Bob Fitzsimmons*, Don ever-expanding Velma Morrison Third graders again represented the
Fox*, Linda Fraser*, Joni Frey*, Dawn Interpretive Center. Our first public largest single school grade level.
Gable, Marie Gummerson*, Helen tours were given in 1985, and since We created an entirely new entry
Harrington, Jerry Heimbuck*, Bryan that time we have directly reached into the Interpretive Center and
Jennings*, Lori Johnson, Jeanne Koeberlein, almost 500,000 people through our moved our gift shop there. The
Bob Koeberlein*, Pat Kolb, William Kolb*, educational programs. former gift shop has become a new
Paul Malone*, Mike McSweeney*, Milton 1999: During this year we Discovery Room. This new room
Melzian*, Bob Murray*, Trish Nixon*, Brit recorded over 30,000 visitors to the provides visitors an opportunity for
Peterson*, Carole Smith*, Nikki Stilwell*, Velma Morrison Interpretive Center. a greater in-depth discovery of the
and Dick Thatcher*. As visitors arrive, many sign the biology of birds of prey and will
guest register, which indicates we feature numerous hands-on
* Docents
had visitors from all 50 states and exhibits. We also created an indoor
27 foreign countries. Fifty-five per- raptor presentation area, reformat-
Photo by Russell Thorstrom

COOPERATORS ted and updated the Jungle Awak-

cent of our visitors indicated they
Financial support was provided by the Laura visited the World Center because of ening show, and enhanced three
Moore Cunningham Foundation,Inc.; Offield Inform and educate the a referral by other family members interactive displays.
Family Foundation; Harry W. Morrison or friends. The life blood of the education
general public and pri-
Foundation; U.S. Bank; Union Pacific The number of school children program continues to be the tal-
mary and secondary stu-
Foundation; Jim and Karin Nelson; Tom and visiting with their classrooms ented and dedicated volunteers
Diana Nicholson; J.A. & Kathryn Albertson John Schmitt adds an dents on the importance
Foundation; Bank America Foundation; Andean Condor he pre- of birds of prey, nature,
pared for the Interpretive and our organization’s
Laurie Simms; Browning Ferris Industries;
Center.
Key Foundation; McAlvain Construction, accomplishments. We Eagle Scout
Inc.; Interior Systems, Inc.; Maxey Tookey accomplish our goals by Jessie Simmons,
on the right,
Architects; Romar Electric Co., Inc.; YMC, providing factual infor- completes his
Inc; Kilgore Architectural Products, Inc.; The mation to the public and service project.
Masonry Center, Inc.; Itron Telephone by providing visual and He donated the
Photo by Fred Schmitz

Solutions; ES/Drake Communications; hands-on opportunities

completed
Steve Guinn; Boise State University kestrel boxes for
during visits to the World our use.
Construction Management Club; and numer-
Center for Birds of Prey.
ous individual donors.
10

Photo by Nancy Freutel
New entry and gift shop at World
Center for Birds of Prey.
who contribute their time and tal-
ents to make the program success-
ful. The team of 124 volunteers
worked over 8,500 hours in capaci-
ties such as chamber cleaning, gift
shop staffing, scheduling, planning,
mural design and painting, con-
struction, library work, and, of
course, Docents leading tours. Vol-
unteers contributing more than
100 hours during the year are
listed in this report.
FUTURE PLANS
To make the facility more useable
by a greater number of people, we
are continuing to upgrade several
displays. Major additions expected
within this year will be completion
of the new Discovery Room and
the addition of touch screen moni-
tors to illustrate the different kinds
of raptors better. Space continues
to be at a premium, and we are
exploring all avenues to enhance
visitors’ experiences and create a
better learning environment.
THE PEREGRINE FUND INTERNET SITE
RESULTS
The popularity of The Peregrine Fund’s Internet
site has continued to increase over the years. The
number of “hits” (number of times pages are vis-
ited) to our site has increased from 600 during our
first month on line in August 1995 to more than
600,000 per month this year! The Internet is pro-
viding us a cost-effective method to present infor-
mation on our projects and their results to a world-
wide audience. Through our site we provide
background information and results on many of our
projects, press releases, job announcements, and
“Notes from the Field” written by our biologists
working in the field. The site is an excellent infor-
mation resource for students and teachers.
Due to the overwhelming response, we recently
redesigned the site to incorporate new technology
and to simplify navigation. The new design has
been receiving excellent comments. It was selected
by Britannica.com as one of the best on the Inter-
net when reviewed for quality, accuracy of content,
presentation, and usability. Interpretive Center. There will also be an interactive
In an effort to produce more revenue for The Pere- quiz to test your knowledge on basic facts about
grine Fund from the Internet, we have joined as birds of prey and their identification. This section
members of Shop2Give.com and GreaterGood.com. will be developed for use by children and adults. To provide well written,
These sites have ground-breaking programs that A new resource we are developing
enable you to support The Peregrine Fund while shop- factual, and timely infor-
which will be available and of particular
3,583,525
ping on the Internet -- at no extra cost to you. Visit value to conservationists and biologists is mation to the general
www.shop2give.com/peregrinefund or www.Greater- focused on little-known raptor species public about our organi-
Good.com and choose The Peregrine Fund as your and those that are in jeopardy. On the zation and projects and
nonprofit organization. Then begin shopping at a vari- homepage, in-depth information, a in-depth information on
ety of stores including Amazon.com, The Disney review of the literature, and active raptors for conservation-
Store, 1-800-Flowers, and many more. A percentage researchers’ names and contact numbers ists and biologists via
of the purchase price (up to 15%) will be donated will be provided for each species. This is the Internet.
directly to The Peregrine Fund. being developed by our Science Director,
The Peregrine Fund also has an on-line catalog of Lloyd Kiff.
items available in our gift shop at the World Center
for Birds of Prey. Members of The Peregrine Fund
1,793,398
STAFF
are entitled to a 10% discount on any purchase. Our
The Peregrine Fund’s internet site is super-
catalog is at www.peregrinefund.org/catalog. html.
vised by Jeff Cilek, Vice President. Linda
1,281,956
FUTURE PLANS Behrman maintains the site with assistance
We plan to continue updating the site as new fea- from Brenda Ruckdashel.
tures become available. In 2000 we expect to add
an interactive section on different kinds of raptors. COOPERATORS
This section will focus primarily on North American Financial support for the internet site was
Internet Site Hits 1997 1998 1999
provided by the Ten Times Ten Foundation.
raptors and the birds of prey visitors see at our
11
 STUDENT EDUCATION
RESULTS
Identify and/or provide
Cumulative: Over the past 30
research and educa-
years, we have directly assisted stu-
tional opportunities for dents in completing 15 Ph.D. and
undergraduate and grad- 31 M.Sc. degrees or equivalents,
uate students, both in and more than a dozen undergrad-
the United States and in uate degrees.
other countries, espe- 1999: We continued assisting stu-
cially in connection dents in three main programmatic
Photo by Russell Thorstrom
with our field programs. areas, including the Maya Project,
Madagascar Project, and the Pan-
Africa Project. Jason Sutter com-
Malagasy doctoral student pleted his M.Sc. on the ecology of
Lily-Arison René de Roland
holding his favorite study
the Crane Hawk at Tikal National
raptor, the Henst's Park, Guatemala at Boise State Uni-
Goshawk. versity, marking the seventh
advanced degree obtained by parti-
Harilalaina
Robenarimangason SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS
Photo by Russell Thorstrom
collects data for student
Ignace Randriamanga who RESULTS
studied Madagascar A 275-page indexed bibliogra-
Harriers for his DEA phy of publications by our staff
degree (Masters equiva- and research associates, or with
lent).
our support, was updated, and it
included 753 titles published
between 1970-1999. At least 45
Masters publications appeared in 1999,
student Ruth including two large progress
Tingay and
Peregrine Fund
reports on the Madagascar Project
technician Eloi for the years 1997-98. These were
Fanameha produced entirely by our Malagasy
band and take staff. Aristide Andrianarimisa,
a blood sample
National Director of the Madagas-
for DNA analy-
sis from a car Project, edited the volumes,
Madagascar and the various accounts were
Fish Eagle written mostly by the Malagasy
nestling before students who have been involved
replacing it in
with the project. Many of these
its nest.
contributions will eventually be
published in technical journals.
The long years of field research
on the Maya Project are paying off
in the form of numerous papers
and short notes published in
ornithological journals. By now, 35
File Photo
peer-reviewed publications, disser-
12
cipants in the Maya Project. Munir alent) earned by Erik Rakotoarisoa
Virani, who had already earned an (ecology of ground-rollers), Ignace
M.Sc. with our support, completed Randriamanga (ecology of the
his Ph.D. at the University of Leices- Madagascar Harrier), Doris
ter, United Kingdom with a study Rasamoelina (modeling of fisheries
on the ecology of Augur Buzzards in in several lakes), Ursile
Kenya. By year’s end, Carter Ong Razanantsoa (ecology and behavior
was near completion of her M.Sc. of an endangered lemur, Decken’s
work on the ecology of the Martial Sifaka), and Harilalaina Robenari-
Eagle in Kenya; her graduate studies mangason (ecology of the Banded
have been at the University of and Madagascar Kestrels). Lily
Leicester, United Kingdom. Arison René de Roland earned his
It was a banner year for graduate Ph.D. with his detailed studies of
students associated with the Mada- the biology of the Henst’s Goshawk
gascar Project as six degree pro- and France’s Sparrowhawk. All of
grams were completed. These these degrees were earned at the
included DEA degrees (M.Sc. equiv- University of Antananarivo. Sup-
tations, and theses have resulted the Raptor Research Foundation in
from the Maya Project, and the Mikulov, Czech Republic in Sep-
Madagascar Project field work has tember. Rick Watson and Lloyd
generated 41, with more to come Kiff also participated in the World
from both groups. The published Conference of BirdLife Interna-
contributions of our tional in Malaysia in
talented field biolo- November, and Lloyd
gist, Russell Kiff attended the VI
Thorstrom, have To present the results Neotropical Ornitho-
been particularly logical Congress in
of research studies to
noteworthy for both scientific forums, gov- Monterrey, Mexico.
of these projects. In
ernment agencies, and FUTURE PLANS
aggregate, the publi-
interested groups. Because our work
cations emanating
involves a mixture of
from the Maya and
Madagascar Projects pure research and
TPF PUBLICATIONS
will serve as a lasting applied conserva-
Technical 172
contribution to the tion, we have a spe-
Dissertations/theses 46 cial obligation to
conservation and
Reports 508 report our results to
knowledge of the
birds in those Popular articles 27 our peers, wildlife
regions. Total: 753 managers, and the
Our Science Direc- interested public.
tor, Lloyd Kiff, gave the keynote Thus, we will continue to empha-
address (on the recovery of the size publications and oral presen-
Peregrine in North America) at the tations as highly important pay-
3rd International Conference of offs of our programs.

port was also provided for studies
by Renee Land (Tufts University)
on the ecotoxicology of Madagas-
car Fish Eagles, Gilbert Razafiman-
jato (University of Antananarivo)
on the endemic Peregrine
subspecies in southern
Madagascar, and Ruth
Tingay (University of Not-
Develop and maintain
tingham, United Kingdom)
SPECIMEN COLLECTION
RESULTS had accumulated over the past ences in eggshell thickness
Our collections now contain few years from natural mortality between captive- and wild-laid
nearly 7,000 eggshell specimens, in the captive breeding program eggs of Peregrines, Aplomado
salvaged from our 30 years of and road-killed birds brought to Falcons, California Condors,
captive breeding work, and over us by our volunteers and associ- and other species. We also will
200 bird study ates. Most of these specimens continue to examine the role of
skins, mostly of were integrated into the main genetics in various egg param-
raptors. These collection, and others were eters, including size, color, and
specimens are placed in a mini-reference collec- shape. Our collection is unique

Photo by Lloyd Kiff

systematic collections of maintained for
who conducted field research and
research on the roles and eggshells and raptor
reference pur-
relationships of extra-pair study skin specimens for
poses and are
birds at Madagascar Fish research and reference
housed in 24
Eagle nests for her M.Sc. purposes. state-of-the-art
degree. metal cabinets
in our 800 sq ft collection build-
FUTURE PLANS
ing.
We will provide support to Travis
In 1999, John Schmitt,
Booms and Catherine Wightman,
renowned artist and taxidermist,
Boise State University Master’s
was able to spend a week at the
degree candidates who are associ-
World Center preparing several
ated with our Greenland Project
dozen salvaged specimens that
under the supervision of Mark
Fuller. In Madagascar, studies will
continue by Gilbert Razafimanjato
on Peregrines and Ruth Tingay,
who is now embarking on a Ph.D. L IBRARY
program and continuing her field Our library now contains nearly
research on the roles and relation- 5,000 books, as well as complete
ships of extra-pair birds at Mada- or partial runs of over 400 techni-
tion in the Interpretive Center.
Eggshell specimens salvaged
from the various captive breeding
programs were added, and inven-
tories of prepared and incoming
specimens were maintained.
FUTURE PLANS
A custom-made device for meas-
uring eggshell thickness was
obtained from Clark Sumida, of
Camarillo, California. This sophis-
ticated instrument will allow us to
conduct detailed studies on differ-
who conducted ornithological and
medical entomological research in
Southeast Asia for many years. In
among museum egg collec-
tions since we have detailed
information about each of the
birds that laid the eggs and
often their parents as well. We
Measuring the thickness of a
will continue to build up gradually California Condor eggshell.
a representative collection of
study skins of birds of prey with a
STAFF
goal of eventually having at least
The collections are supervised by Science
one example of each sex and age
Director Lloyd Kiff. Christi Hall main-
class of all North American
tained the specimen catalogue and
species with a spread wing for the
assisted with data organization. Bird
convenience of artists and
specimens are prepared by John
researchers.
Schmitt.
to see what titles we house.
Additional shelving was added
in both the main library and in

Photo by Brenda Ruckdashel

gascar Fish Eagle nests. Two indi-
viduals associated with our
Pan-Africa project will con-
tinue their studies with our
support: Mburu Chege, who Establish and maintain a tion contains
is conducting research on
the ecology of the Egyptian
Vulture at Hell’s Gate
National Park, Kenya for an
M.Sc. at the University of
Nairobi, and Ato Lakew
Berhanu of Ethiopia who is
conducting field studies on
the Lammergeier for a
future M.Sc. at the University of
Kent, United Kingdom.
cal journals and conservation mag-
azines. Our
computerized
reprint collec-
comprehensive ornitho- over 9,000 cata-
logical and conservation logued articles,
biology research library and another
related to the mission of 5,000 await pro-
the organization and of cessing.
major importance to the In 1999 Mrs.
entire Intermountain Nobuko
biological community. McClure, of
Camarillo, Cali-
fornia, donated a huge biological
library from the estate of her late
husband, Dr. H. Elliott McClure,
addition, Dr. Jared Verner donated
a large portion of his conservation
biology library, and smaller gifts of
books and other materials were
received from many other donors.
A large collection of mostly techni-
cal ornithological journals was
purchased from Flora and Fauna
Books in Seattle.
Cataloguing of the library, using
the OCLC system, was initiated in
1999, and about half of the book
holdings have been formally
processed. Our catalogued titles
are included in the widely used
OCLC database, allowing users
from anywhere in North America
the collections room to accom-
modate the many new acquisi-
tions.
FUTURE PLANS
In coming months, we will
complete cataloguing books and A plate from the two-volume
monograph holdings, finish bind- set, Nicoll's Birds of Egypt,
donated by Sally Spofford,
ing long journal runs, and bring one of the many rare hold-
the reprint catalogue up to date. ings in our library.
Shelf space is now at a premium,
and a new area dedicated specifi-
STAFF
cally to the library will eventually
be required. Nevertheless, we con- The library is supervised by Lloyd Kiff,
Science Director. Volunteer Dawn Gable
tinue to seek donations of libraries
and individual books, all of which assisted with the reprint collection in
1999, and Christi Hall helped catalogue
are tax deductible.
books.
13
 NEOTROPICAL RAPTOR CONSERVATION PROGRAM
ranging raptors, top-of-the-food-chain predators, tors, habitat, and biodiversity in the Neotropics.

C onservation in the Neotropics (the

biological region comprising most of
tropical Central and South America
and the West Indies) is a global priority because
of the high diversity of species found in tropical
we can reasonably expect to save most of the
biodiversity in the food chain below them. In
Specific elements of the program are described
in the following pages, under the Neotropical
this way raptors can provide an umbrella of pro- Raptor Center, Honduras, and Harpy Eagle Con-
tection for the ecosystem in which they live.
The Peregrine Fund’s time-tested, hands-on,
servation and Research.

habitats and the rapid rate of habitat alteration. science-based approach has both a unique and ANTICIPATED RESULTS
valuable role for conservation in the Neotropics. The Neotropical Raptor Conservation Program
Within the Neotropics, the islands of the West
A significant investment now in the Neotropics has the following major goals: (1) conservation
Indies are particularly important because of the
number of species in jeopardy from loss of the will strongly influence conservation actions and of raptors known or likely to be in jeopardy
raptor research for decades, if not longer. As because of their small populations and/or limited
already limited habitat and the importance of
forests are rapidly diminishing, the return on or disjunct ranges; (2) improved knowledge and
these islands as a flyway for migratory species.
investment will likely never be as great in Latin conservation of raptors with emphasis on those
Central America is important because of the
America as during the next 10 years. for which too little is known to determine their
limited extent of remaining forest, the high pro-
The Peregrine Fund’s Neotropical Raptor Con- status; (3) answering important land manage-
portion of taxonomic diversity within this area,
servation Program builds on our ment questions using the ecological
and the large proportion of North American
many years of experience in Cen- needs of raptors’ as a yardstick for
migrant species that winter there. Conservation
tral and South America, espe- conservation of viable populations;
biologists agree the best way to conserve biodi-
cially the Maya Project in (4) influencing human behavior
versity is to set aside large tracts of untouched
Guatemala, the Harpy Eagle proj- To develop a compre- using raptors as flagships for conser-
land. The practical reality, however, is that most
ect in Venezuela, and the current hensive program of vation of tropical biodiversity; (5)
land areas set aside will likely be much smaller
effort to release and study Harpy conservation, research, conserving important tracts of habi-
than necessary to conserve tropical biodiversity
Eagles in Panama. The program and development of tat for tropical biodiversity; and (6)
adequately. This is particularly true for large,
is designed to produce dramatic local capacity for con- providing leadership and developing
Photo by Craig Flatten

widely dispersed animals such as raptors. By

results for conservation of rap- servation throughout the local capacity for raptor conserva-
meeting the ecological requirements of wide-
tion and research in Latin America.
Neotropics by focusing
on raptors. FUTURE PLANS
In addition to the work already in
Adult Ornate Hawk Eagle. progress and described in the following pages,
we are planning to expand our species-specific
STAFF studies on those raptors that are little known
The Neotropical Raptor Conservation Program and possibly in jeopardy. Beginning in 2000, we
is directed by Rick Watson and Bill Burnham will study the ecological needs of the Isidor’s
and advised by Peter Jenny, Lloyd Kiff, Eagle (also called Black and Chestnut Eagle) in
Alberto Palleroni, Russell Thorstrom, and South America, and develop studies on the
David Whitacre. Orange-breasted Falcon in Central America and
the Grenada Hook-billed Kite and Ridgway’s
COOPERATORS Hawk in the West Indies. We also hope to begin
Collaborators include the Smithsonian Tropical Incubating studies to understand the effects of forest loss
Photo by Russell Thorstrom

Research Institute, Autoridad Nacional del female Barred and fragmentation on raptor communities to
Ambiente, and the Fundacion de Forest Falcon help ensure that sufficient forest area remains in
looks up at sufficiently large blocks to ensure the survival of
Rehabilitacion de Especies Tropicales. Funding biologist from
for this program is provided by the Wolf her hidden nest
forest-dependent species.
Creek Charitable Foundation and the Henry within the cavi-
M. and Wendy J. Paulson Foundation. ty of a tree.

14
 NEOTROPICAL RAPTOR CENTER TAWAHKA BIOSPHERE PROJECT - HONDURAS
Administrador General
Ricardo Anguizola, who is
responsible for Panama's
wildlife, natural areas, and
Photos by Angel Muela

environment, holds the

Republic's National Bird,
the Harpy Eagle. He has
been integral in establish-
ment of the new
Neotropical Raptor Center.

Photo by David Anderson

The press conference in Panama City announcing the establishment of the
Neotropical Raptor Center. From the left are the new Center's Director, Alberto RESULTS customs and culture and devel- Krausirpe, a Tawahka village
oped an understanding of what on the Patuca River and our
Palleroni (with eagle), Lars Klassen, Director, USAID Panama, Jacobo Lacs, Cumulative: This project devel- base of operations in 1999.
Peregrine Fund Board member, Ricardo Anguizola, Administrador General, oped from collaboration that resources it would take to achieve
Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, and Jorge Arosemena, Executive Director of the began in 1990 with biologists the proposed project. The cost of
City of Knowledge/Fundacion Ciudad Del Saber. working at this site, plus new infor-
from the University in Teguci-

I
galpa. Work in 1998 showed great mation that the Biosphere Reserve
n early 2000 we will establish the Neotropical Raptor Center in the potential impact for raptor con- may be established without our To help the Tawahka
Republic of Panama, Central America. The new center will serve as servation in Central America by involvement, lead us to curtail our Indians create a bios-
the headquarters of our Neotropical helping the Tawahka Indians pro- proposed project. Grants were pro- phere reserve to conserve
Raptor Conservation Program (see page 14). tect their indigenous lands. vided to Asociacion Asang Launa 230,000 ha of rainforest
The Center will consist of captive breeding 1999: David Anderson spent to help the Tawahka community in their indigenous land
facilities surrounded by 40 ha of forest, Develop and operate a five months living in the Tawahka build an airstrip and to Professor
in southeastern Hon-
offices, and housing and be located within facility in Panama from village of Krausirpe. His surveys in Gustavo Cruz to assist with biologi-
cal surveys. duras.
the City of Knowledge, the former U.S. which our Neotropical the area and into the Sierras del
Army’s Ft. Clayton. The site is being made Raptor Conservation Pro- Warrunta, a limestone mountain
available by agencies of the Panamanian gov- range in the midst of rainforest, FUTURE PLANS
gram will be based and STAFF
ernment (see Cooperators). The location is found 21 diurnal and four noctur- Collaboration will continue
Rick Watson leads this project with assis-
within a 30 minute drive of Panama City and captive breeding and nal raptor species, and nests of with support of Honduran stu-
tance from David Anderson, Russell
15 minutes of the Harpy Eagle release site in other hands-on activities six diurnal species. Surveys for dents to complete training in
Thorstrom, and Bob Berry.
the Soberania National Park. It is contiguous with raptors can occur. cliff-nesting raptors found Bat Fal- ecology and conservation. We
with the Parque Natural Metropolitano. We cons but surprisingly no Orange- will survey for Orange-breasted
Falcons throughout Central COOPERATORS
expect to move most of our Harpy Eagles COOPERATORS breasted Falcons. Helicopter sur-
America to determine whether We work with The Tawahka Indian commu-
from the World Center for Birds of Prey to this Patronato Amigos Del Aguila Harpia, veys, conducted later by Russell
the known population in Belize nity, Asociacion Asang Launa, and the
new facility in June/July 2000 when it should Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Thorstrom and Rick Watson, con-
and Guatemala is isolated from Department of Biology, Universidad
be operational (see Captive Breeding -- Rap- Interoceanic Region Authority (A.R.I.), firmed the unexpected absence of
the species’ southern range and Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Funding
tors, page 3). Alberto Palleroni will be the City of Knowledge/Fundacion Ciudad these falcons.
therefore potentially in jeopardy. was provided by the Wolf Creek Charitable
Director of this new facility. Del Saber, USAID Panama, and Jacobo David learned about Tawahkan Foundation.
Lacs.
15
 HARPY EAGLE CONSERVATION AND RESEARCH

L
estation, the Harpy Eagle is threat- conservation of the species. By remain alive, all independent of
arge tropical forest raptors like ened in Central America, and South achieving this kind of protection, human care. One was shot and a
the Harpy Eagle occur American populations may become the efforts on behalf of the Harpy second found dead. Observation of
at low densities and repro- threatened or lost in the future if Eagle can also provide an umbrella their behavior is providing new and
duce in the wild at very slow rates. threats cannot be reduced. of protection for most other species additional information to the field
STAFF
As a result of human persecution Although much is being done to in the same habitat. The Harpy studies we accomplished and/or
Bill Heinrich coordinates the release aspect
and the rapid rate of tropical defor- establish tropical forest reserves, Eagle is a flagship for conservation supported on wild birds in Panama,
of the Harpy Eagle Program. Alberto
many will be too of tropical forests Venezuela, Colombia,
Palleroni manages the project in Panama
small to support and an effort to and Ecuador. From
and directs our research activities there. Also
more than a hand- restore such a charis- these studies we have
participating are Angel Muela (general oper-
ful of reproduc- matic species can gained new informa-
ations and field biologist), Francisco Barrios Conserving Harpy Eagle
tively isolated significantly increase tion on range, behav-
(operations and field work), Oscar populations by preserv-
pairs of Harpy local environmental ior, diet, breeding, and
Beingolea (raptor specialist--breeding and
Eagles. Captive concern. Restoration, ing habitat, reducing nest density from 18
field biologist), Edwin Urriola (field biolo-
propagation and coupled with a con- human persecution, and radio-tagged eagles
gist), Yu-Cheng Hsu and Janeene Touchton
subsequent rein- certed effort to by reestablishing lost (many monitored by
(field biologists, Barro Colorado Island), and
troduction may be enhance local under- and bolstering remnant satellite), 34 nests
Bernabe Fernandez and Hilario Rodriguez
required to main- standing and con- eagle populations found in Venezuela,
(Ecological Police).
tain genetic diver- cern for the species, and 14 nests found in
through propagation and
sity and help miti- may be most suc- Panama.
COOPERATORS release where habitat
gate the enhanced cessful initially in 1999:
The partnership of many individuals and effects of natural Panama where it is remains, and by expan- Release of Captive
organizations has made this project possi- loss on these the national bird. sion of knowledge of the Produced Eagles -
ble, including, in Panama, the Presidency of small, isolated We have invested eagle through research. Using modified tech-
Panama, Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, populations and considerable niques we developed
Autoridad de la Region Interoceanica, restore the species resources in the scientific investiga- for release of Peregrine Falcons and
Patronato Amigos Del Aguila Harpia, to its former tion of the Harpy Eagle in the wild, Bald Eagles, we can now pre-
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, City range. yet there remain significant gaps in dictably and successfully release
of Knowledge/Fundacion Ciudad Del Saber, An increase in our understanding of its ecology captive-produced Harpy Eagles to
Fundacion de Rehabilitacion de Especies public understand- and behavior. By releasing and the wild by hacking. Of the five
Tropicales, USAID, Jacobo Lacs, David de ing of the need to observing captive-raised eagles, we eagles released, one was found
Photo by Alberto Palleroni

Castro, Asociacion Nacional para la protect Harpy can achieve a degree of intimacy, dead near the release site but the
Conservacion de la Naturaleza, Alcaldia del Eagles and leave not possible with entirely wild other four eagles all began captur-
Distrito de Panama/Summit Gardens, intact habitat birds, that greatly increases oppor- ing their own food and became
Canopy Towers, Bern Empresas, ANCON, around their nests tunities to make observations that independent of human care. One of
Panama Audubon Society, the Collective is essential for are normally rare, such as how those was later shot. Two have been
Lands of the Embera and Wounaan Indians, eagles choose, hunt, and kill their independent for over one year. We
Kuna Yala (San Blas Lands), Comarca Above: our released male
prey. The study of released birds have found that even after inde-
Nogbe Bugle (Teribes, Waymies, and Harpy Eagle, “James,” with
his prey, a Two-toed Sloth. has become an essential part of our pendence we can capture, relocate,
Bokota Indigenous Lands), and Soberania, research program. and immediately re-release the
Darien, Camino de Cruces, and Chagres Taiwanese biologist Yu-
Cheng Hsu provided crucial young eagles in a new area where
National Parks. assistance by monitoring RESULTS they will then remain. We re-
Major financial support for this project in our released Harpy Eagle Cumulative: Since beginning released a male and a female Harpy
1999 was received from the Offield Family for over six months. captive propagation in 1988 and
Photo by Alberto Palleroni

Eagle on Smithsonian’s Barro Col-

Foundation, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Manigault, through 1999, at the World Center orado Island (BCI). BCI is within the
Mr. and Mrs. Jacobo Lacs, James and for Birds of Prey we have raised six Panama Canal and no eagles
Barbara Cimino Foundation, Exxon young eagles and released five to existed on the island. Long-term
Company, USA, and Pennzoil Company. the wild in Panama, of which three research has been underway there
16
for decades on many of the Harpy
Eagle’s potential prey. Smithsonian
researchers are excellent supportive
cooperators on this project.
Prey Captured - By intensive
observation of released Harpy
Eagles we have documented hun-
dreds of attempts to capture prey, of
which about 140 were successful.
The primary prey species captured
were Two- and Three-toed Sloths,
Mantled Howler Monkeys, and
White-faced Capuchin Monkeys, as
well as a variety of other prey such
as deer, Collared Peccaries, opos-
sums, Iquanas, Kinkajous, porcu-
pines, Agoutis, tamerins, and coati
mundis. Almost all the previous
information on what Harpy Eagles
feed on was from prey delivered to,
and remains collected at, nests.
Hunting by Eagles - Until now,
very few observations existed on
hunting behavior and methods and
prey captured by Harpy Eagles. For
the two oldest released eagles (one
male and one female), we have
determined their cycles of behavior
and hunting habits, documenting
every prey capture over several
months. We know the male cap-
tures far fewer primates than the
female. The female takes about
50% primates, the bulk of the bal-
ance made up of sloths. The male
captures more sloths and only
about 10% of its diet are primates,
with a greater variety of other prey.
The male kills about every four to
five days while the female kills
about every six to seven days.
Wild Nests - Over 30 nest sites
of Harpy Eagles have been located
in Panama with the critical assis-
tance of our cooperators. We are
finding that: (1) Harpy Eagles thrive
in indigenous people’s lands, (2)
they are common where encroach-
ment of non-native people and dent, Ricardo Gil Da Costa, we are
guns are absent, and (3) they are looking at the dynamics of preda-
absolutely absent when the slight- tor-prey interactions on BCI with
est inroads are made. observations and experiments of
Native Peoples and Harpy Eagles predation by Harpy Eagles on
We are in communication with Capuchin and howler monkeys.
most of the indigenous communi- With John Rubin, Rubin Tarrant
ties in Panama and were invited to Productions, we are developing pro-
make a presentation at their Con- totypes of tiny, transmitting cam-
gress. Based on this presentation eras that mount on a Harpy Eagle
and communications, we have been to film hunting from their point of
given access to many key areas and view. We will continue to locate and
habitats for the Harpy Eagle. Fur- monitor wild Harpy Eagle nests in
ther, we are being provided nest site cooperation with Panama’s native
locations by communities and are peoples and the Panamanian gov-
establishing formal relationships ernment.
with them to help protect the Harpy
Eagle and monitor nests.
Public Education - In coopera-
tion with the Patronato Amigos Del
Aguila Harpia and
under the leader-
ship of David de
Castro, we are
assisting and coop-
erating with the
Photo courtesy of Neil Rettig Productions, Inc.
development of a
country-wide edu-
cation program in
Panama focused on
the Harpy Eagle.
FUTURE PLANS
In 2000 the edu-
cation program to
prevent shooting of
Photo by Lars Klassen
Harpy Eagles
should begin in
earnest in Panama.
We will continue to
release captive-pro-
duced Harpy Eagles to the wild and Adult female Harpy Eagle at the nest.
test other hands-on management Left: Public and student education are important parts of conservation of the
actions to bolster wild populations. Harpy Eagle and its environment.
In collaboration with the Smithson-
ian Tropical Research Institute and
Marc Hauser, Professor, Harvard
University, and his graduate stu-
17
 PAN-AFRICA CONSERVATION PROGRAM
RESULTS these once common raptors. Project Manager

C onservation in Africa has historically

focused on excluding areas from
human use to preserve the habitats
and wildlife within. As human populations have
grown, this protection has come under pressure,
Cumulative: Work in Africa has focused on
and vast areas previously left intact because of
their remote location have become subject to
human activities. For many of Africa’s large and
far-ranging species it is increasingly important
to develop a broader conservation approach that
includes “living with wildlife.” Large, charis-
Photo by Munir Virani
Kenya, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, and more recently
on South Africa and Ivory Coast in West Africa.
Numerous public education projects have been
completed in Kenya. Student support and train-
Simon Thomsett enjoyed a breakthrough with
the reintroduction of the Bearded Vulture (also
called Lammergeier) to Kenya’s Hell’s Gate
National Park, described in detail in the follow-
ing pages.
ing have been successful in both Kenya and
Zimbabwe, resulting in the graduation of local FUTURE PLANS
students at both the Master’s and Ph.D. level. The endangered Sokoke Scops Owl is known
Studies have been completed, providing essen- only from two small areas of east Africa,
tial new information on species in jeopardy, where its largest population is confined to a
such as the Sokoke Scops Owl, Bateleur, small and isolated “habitat island,” a patch of
Crowned Eagle, Martial Eagle, Egyptian Vulture, forest on Kenya’s coast. Studies to date have

matic raptors typify the kinds of wildlife that

Bearded Vulture, and Cape Vulture. failed to locate the first nest of the owl, a key
would benefit.
1999: In Zimbabwe, piece of knowledge needed to
student Angus Middle- understand how we can prevent
ton completed a study the species’ extinction in the
Russell Thorstrom and Kenyan on winter breeding To build local capacity face of extremely limited remain-
assistant Chege trapping eagles. Monitoring of for conservation of bio- ing habitat. This project has one
African Fish Eagles in Lake aim: to find the first-ever nests of
Naivasha, Kenya. Teita, Peregrine, and diversity using a focus
Lanner Falcon breed- on birds of prey and the Sokoke Scops Owl and with
ing continued, as did this knowledge, conserve those
their ecological needs.
studies on Black features of the habitat essential
Eagles in the Matobo hills and the for breeding.
Photo by Simon Thomsett

raptor community around Bul- African Fish Eagle studies on Lake Naivasha
STAFF
awayo. A new study began on the will be expanded to cover the eagle’s distribu-
Rick Watson directs the Pan-Africa Program Peregrine Fund biologist Munir tion in the Kenyan Rift Valley and Kazinga Chan-
with assistance from Russell Thorstrom. Virani is investigating African role of hyrax in the distribution of
Fish Eagle population dynamics Black Eagles, Crowned Eagles, and nel, Uganda, because of increasing concerns
Project management is by Simon Thomsett
in the Rift Valley lakes of Kenya. African Hawk Eagles in the about the effects of pesticide, fertilizer, and
and Munir Virani in Kenya, and Ron Hartley
Bubiana Conservancy. other organic contamination of lakes and their
in Zimbabwe. Collaboration of Peregrine
In Kenya, biologist effect on eagle and other wildlife populations.
Fund grantees is by Susanne Shultz in Ivory
Munir Virani graduated Increasingly, conservation priorities must be
Coast and Dr. Pat Benson in South Africa.
with his Ph.D. from the established based on the likelihood of species
University of Leicester, extinction. An emerging tool needed to help in
COOPERATORS
United Kingdom. His decision making is the use of Geographic Infor-
Zimbabwe Falconers’ Club, Zimbabwe
Department of National Parks and Wildlife study on the ecology of mation Systems (GIS) that use a computer to
the Augur Buzzard in map habitats and predict raptor distribution and
Management, National Museums of Kenya
human-altered land- abundance more accurately than ever before
Ornithological Department, Kenya Wildlife
scapes provided infor- achieved. We are planning to develop a raptor
Service, Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation
mation on the effects GIS model, initially using a few species we know
Organization, Leicester University, United
Kingdom, University of Pretoria of Kenya’s fast growing well in Madagascar. If the model works well, we
will eventually develop a worldwide GIS cover-
Photo by Simon Thomsett

(Conservation Planning Unit) and Rob population, industries,

and agriculture on ing at least the raptors in jeopardy.
Davies, South Africa, and many others.
Support for this program was provided by Project Manager Simon Thomsett
an important anonymous donor and many checks eggs for hatching at a
in-kind donations. Bearded Vulture nest in Ethiopia.

18
BEARDED VULTURE REINTRODUCTION TO KENYA
T he Bearded Vulture is a large, area is high.
colorful vulture that nests on
high cliffs in rugged moun-
tains of South Africa, Kenya, and
Ethiopia on the African continent,
and parts of Europe and Asia. The
African population is considered
separate and different from those
elsewhere. They are globally endan-
gered due to human interference at
the nest, mostly from recreational
climbers, and from accidental poi-
soning by livestock farmers trying
to control predators with poison
baits. Until the early 1980s breed-
ing Bearded Vultures were an
important attraction among the
fauna of Hell’s Gate National Park,
Kenya. They were driven from their siblicide (death of the
breeding area by rock climbers
who used their nest sites to rest
while climbing. Elsewhere in
Kenya, Bearded Vultures have
declined due to disturbance and
poisoning, so that the species is
now endangered. Since implemen- km north of the
tation of the Hell’s Gate National
Park’s management plan in 1984,
climbing has been controlled, so
the probability of successful reintro- River facility, and then
A Bearded Vulture
departs as Simon
Thomsett descends
to its nest ledge,
photographing the
bird as he goes.
CROWNED EAGLE AND CONSERVATION
duction of the species to this key
OF TAÏ NATIONAL PARK, IVORY COAST
Photo by Rick Watson
T
After rescue
RESULTS from sibli- his project is
1999: Peregrine Fund Project cide in
a first attempt
Manager Simon Thomsett has Ethiopia,
Bearded to provide an
worked since February 1998 to early warning
Vulture
secure the cooperation of the nestlings were raised in captivity in system for loss of
Ethiopian authorities and study the Kenya for release in Hell's Gate biodiversity within a
Bearded Vulture’s breeding biology National Park.
national park using
in Ethiopia to determine the pro- the diet of an avian
ject’s feasibility. In December 1999 Released birds will be radio-tagged, predator to detect
he collected the first two nestlings, followed, and studied to understand change in the biolog-
which are being raised in Kenya for their behavior, movements, and ical community
release in April 2000. survival. Surveys for Bearded Vul- structure. Crowned
FUTURE PLANS tures in likely mountainous habitat Eagles prey
Over the next three years, a fur- will be completed to determine mainly upon
Photo by R. R. Hartley
ther 16 nestling Bearded Vultures whether and where further releases primates, which
could occur to bolster the Kenyan are subject to Seven Crowned
will be rescued from To establish the use of
population. poaching within Crowned Eagle diet in Taï Eagle nests were
studied in Taï
second-hatched chick the park. Fol- National Park as a low- National Park, Ivory
often caused by STAFF lowing the diet Coast.
To re-establish the cost, sensitive means to
attacks from the first- Project management in Kenya of eagles over
Bearded Vulture (Lam- measure prey populations
hatched chick) in their and Ethiopia is by Simon time can reveal
mergeier) as a breeding Thomsett. important and monitor changes due
breeding sites in
Ethiopia, about 1,400 species in Hell’s Gate changes in prey to poaching.
National Park, Kenya, COOPERATORS composition
that are not readily detected estimation of relative densities
Kenyan release site. and to begin the process We collaborate with Kenya
by conventional census of primates in six zones
They will be raised in of species restoration Wildlife Services, Ethiopian
methods. throughout the park with dif-
captivity at our Athi throughout Kenya; and, Wildlife Conservation
ferent levels of poaching, and
Organization, and the National
to help develop local RESULTS (3) comparison of eagles’ diets
released at Hell’s Gate. Museums of Kenya.
capacity for conserva- 1999: U.S. student Susanne across the areas surveyed.
tion in Ethiopia. Shultz completed the first Susanne Shultz is executing
season of study on Crowned the first, and supervising the
Eagles in Taï National Park. second and third components
Seven nests were observed, which will be conducted by
and home range, behavior, Ivorian Ph.D. students from
and diet information were col- the National University of
lected for the first time from Abobo, Abidjan.
this species in West Africa’s
tropical moist forests. COOPERATORS
We provided financial support to Susanne
FUTURE PLANS
Photo by Simon Thomsett
Photo by Simon Thomsett
Schultz of the State University of New York at
This project has three parts:
Stony Brook, working in collaboration with the
(1) location and monitoring of National University of Abobo, Abidjan and Taï
Reintroduction of Bearded Vultures to Hell’s Gate National Park in Kenya is nests and individual eagles, (2) National Park.
being achieved with young birds from the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia.
19
 CAPE VULTURE CONSERVATION
The endangered Cape
Vulture is found only in
southern Africa. T he endangered Cape Vul-
ture is found only in
southern Africa. Its decline
came with the disappearance of
migratory ungulate herds and
widespread use of poisons for
predator control. Most of the
Photo by Pat Benson
remaining individuals of this cliff-
nesting, colonially breeding bird
occur in South Africa’s northern
and northwest provinces where
communal lands
with high live-
stock mortality
provide food for
foraging vultures.
Commercial live-
stock and game
farming are the
other prominent
economic activi-
ties in these
provinces. Almost
one-quarter of the
global population
of Cape Vultures
Photo by Pat Benson
IN SOUTH AFRICA
nest in one colony on cliffs of the ducted at this colony since 1981.
Kransberg mountain range. Moni- When possible, the cause of nest
toring of the Kransberg colony
began in 1981 and continues to
present. Reproduction, mortality,
failure (e.g., predation, poisoning,
collision) was determined from
available evidence, and carcasses
and the factors affecting them, as were collected from the base of
well as foraging movements of the cliff for necropsy, and later
adults, vulture behavior, and prepared and stored at the Trans-
nutrition have been studied, vaal Museum.
resulting in the most extensive
long-term study of vultures in FUTURE PLANS
Africa. The knowledge gained Birds generally live longer than
from this study is contributing equivalent-sized mammals. Large
importantly to the species, such as the
management and Cape Vulture, may
conservation of the live 40-50 years or
Cape Vultures and more, and have a
other colonial nest- Complete the longest- potentially long
ing vulture species. reproductive life.
ever continuous study
This long-term study
on Cape Vulture popu-
RESULTS has made it possible
Cumulative: Since lation dynamics at to determine a
Kransberg Colony,
1984 Pat Benson has species’ lifetime
South Africa and use
monitored the reproductive output
number of breeding the understanding and the relative
pairs at Kransberg, gained to mitigate importance of the
measuring a decline human impacts on the many factors influ-
from 961 active nests species’ survival. encing population

(in which an egg is trends. Completion

laid) to a low of 697 of this work will
in 1995. Analysis of over 600 car- allow us to distinguish the effects
casses collected during this study of the natural environment (e.g.,
Above: Cape and other indicates poisoning is a major wet and dry cycles, which occur
vultures feed on an ele- mortality factor, while disturbance in southern Africa on an approxi-
phant carcass. Poisoning at nests and collision with man- mately 8-10 year period) from
in agricultural areas has made structures are other human human-induced factors (e.g., poi-
contributed significantly
to the decline of Cape
factors affecting these birds. soning, disturbance, collision) and
Vultures and other avian 1999: Peregrine Fund support gauge their relative importance.
scavengers. began in 1999 for monitoring This information is essential for
Right: for nearly two that continued throughout the well-informed management deci-
decades Pat Benson has year with monthly visits to deter- sions and conservation interven-
monitored almost one- mine nest occupancy, laying, tions and will be made public
quarter of the global pop- hatching, fledging, and failure through publication in scientific
ulation of Cape Vultures
nesting on the cliffs of dates for the roughly 2,700 nest and popular journals, as well as
COOPERATORS
Photo by Pat Benson

the Kransberg mountain sites that have been identified on possibly television and radio.
The Peregrine Fund provides financial range. the cliff and marked on photo-
support to Pat Benson of the University graphs from aerial censuses con-
of the Witwatersrand.

20
MADAGASCAR PROJECT
RESULTS the endangered Madagascar Fish
The Indian Ocean island of Mada- Eagle. Accomplishments this year
gascar, like many other islands in include the creation and strength-
the world, supports a diversity of ening of two community natural
life that is found nowhere else; it is resource management associations
unique to Madagascar. Of Madagas- (FIZAMI and FIFAMA) at three adja-
car’s 22 raptors, three are consid- cent lakes that support over 10% of
ered critically endangered; all are in the fish eagle’s breeding popula-

Photo by Russell Thorstrom

jeopardy to some degree. tion. The associations have begun
Cumulative: Since beginning in to control over-fishing and exploita-
1990, we have re-discovered the tion of lakeside trees, resources
Madagascar Serpent Eagle and required by fish eagles and shared
Madagascar Red Owl, both previ- with local communities. A study to
ously unseen for understand paternity
decades and thought, and dispersal of Madagascar's endemic sub-
young fish eagles was species of Peregrine Falcon is
by some, to be the study subject for our
extinct. We have completed to help newest Malagasy student.
helped create Mada- To develop local capac- understand the
Left: community associations
gascar’s largest ity for conservation of strange occurrence of have successfully begun to
national park on biodiversity using Mada- one or two extra-pair control overfishing and
Masoala Peninsula, gascar’s rare and unique birds at the nest. exploitation of lakeside trees,
On Madagascar’s resources required by
protecting about 810 raptors as the focus, to Madagascar Fish Eagles and
square miles of rain- aid in conservation of northeastern Masoala shared with local people.
forest habitat for the peninsula we contin-

Photo by Ruth Tingay

important rainforest and
Red Owl and Serpent ued to provide ecolog-
wetland habitats, and to
Eagle. We have inves- ical monitoring to the
prevent the extinction of
tigated the ecology of national park using
raptors in jeopardy. the avian community STAFF
the Madagascar Fish
Eagle, measured its as indicators of Rick Watson directs the Madagascar Project
habitat and reduction of human
population size, developed low-cost change in biodiversity. We also with expert help from Russell Thorstrom,
persecution. Significant progress
methods to help increase its popu- completed first-ever studies on the Aristide Andrianarimisa, and 24 other
this year indicates the probability
lation size, and developed a locally Madagascar Harrier Hawk, White- Malagasy staff.
of success with habitat conserva-
sustainable community initiative to browed and Malagasy Scops Owls,
tion by local communities is good.
conserve its wetland habitat. and Bernier’s Vanga. Madagascar COOPERATORS
In coming years we will place addi-
Throughout our work, we have sup- Serpent Eagles have yet to be Our principal collaborators are the Direction
tional emphasis on reducing
ported and trained Malagasy biolo- found breeding again since we dis- des Eaux et Forêts (DEF), other members
human persecution, a component
gists, one at Ph.D. and 10 at Mas- covered the first nest in late 1997. of the Tripartite Commission, and
that was not funded in 1999.
ters-degree levels, as well as over Association pour le Gestion des Aires
FUTURE PLANS Lastly, by developing the infra-
30 field staff. Protégées (ANGAP). We also work with the
structure to support the biologists

Photo by Russell Thorstrom

1999: Five Masters and one Ph.D. The recovery of the Madagascar
Fish Eagle population requires a
student completed their degrees
long-term effort of probably 10 to
this year, and one new student
20 years before we reach our
began a study on Madagascar’s
recovery goal of 250 breeding
endemic subspecies of Peregrine
pairs. Successful recovery depends
Falcon. Our goal in western Mada-
not only on management of the
gascar is to cause the recovery of
species, but also on conservation of
trained by our project we hope that
our work in Madagascar will be
continued in perpetuity. With this
aim in mind, we plan to fledge an
independent Malagasy conserva-
tion organization, “Ankoay Trust for
Conservation.”
National Office of the Environment (ONE),
University of Antananarivo, Durrell Wildlife
Conservation Trust, Bemaraha Project,
UNESCO, ZICOMA, CARE-Madagascar,
Wildlife Conservation Society, and many
others. Financial support was provided by
In 1999 we began studies on the
White-browed Owl and other owls the Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg
from our rainforest research base on Foundation, The Walt Disney Company
Masoala Peninsula. Foundation, and CARE.
21
 NEW GUINEA HARPY EAGLE CONSERVATION PROJECT
integrated with sustainable devel-

T he New Guinea Harpy

Eagle is a large and power-
ful bird of prey, which is
widespread but uncommon
throughout the forests of New
opment and indigenous culture.

RESULTS
1999: Peregrine Fund biologist
Mark Watson spent 212 days in
the field searching for harpy
Guinea. It is believed to be threat-
eagles, following every report by
ened by habitat loss, habitat
local inhabitants. Despite
degradation, and direct hunting.
extremely rugged terrain and
The feathers are widely valued as
dense rainforest, he managed to
ceremonial adornments, especially
locate at least seven pairs. None,
by some highland clans where the
however, nested during the study
eagle is accorded spiritual powers.
period, though used nests were
We believe that an endemic eagle
evidence that they had bred in pre-
Photos by Mark Watson

with such significant cultural asso-

To complete first-ever vious years. He observed eight
ciations would be very suitable as
ecological studies on individual eagles for a total of just
an “umbrella” or “flagship”
the New Guinea
under 17 hours, collecting first-ever
species for forest conservation
information on behavior, diet, and
Harpy Eagle and use
vocalizations. The huge effort and
the knowledge gained time involved in gaining a small
to help conserve its amount of valuable information
rainforest habitat, testifies to the tenacity needed to
employing the eagle overcome the difficulty of studying
as a flagship species large, secretive raptors in dense
for conservation. forest and rugged mountainous ter-
rain. Two local guides were trained
to continue monitoring known
pairs and immediately report signs
of breeding.

FUTURE PLANS
Only by continued search and
study will we gain sufficient under-
standing of this species’ nest site
STAFF
and foraging needs to ensure that
Top: the New Guinea Harpy Eagle is a large and powerful bird of sufficient adequate habitat remains.
This project is directed by Rick Watson, con- prey which is widespread but uncommon throughout the forests of
At least another season of study is
ducted by Mark Watson and Russell New Guinea.
needed to complete this project,
Thorstrom, and advised by Lloyd Kiff. Magnificent landscapes hide the extremely rugged terrain and
dense rainforest in which our biologists worked to find seven pairs assuming that we can find one or
of New Guinea Harpy Eagles. more actively breeding pairs.
COOPERATORS
Right: feathers from the New Guinea Harpy Eagle are valued as At first evidence from our field
We cooperate with the Research and
ceremonial adornments, especially by some highland clans where assistants that New Guinea Harpy
Conservation Foundation of New Guinea the eagle is accorded spiritual powers. Eagles may be breeding, we will
(RCF), the Zoological Society of San Diego
send our biologist, Russell
(ZSSD), and Wildlife Conservation Society.
Thorstrom, to New Guinea to begin
Financial support was provided by The Walt
intensive study of their breeding
Disney Company Foundation, ZSSD, Chevron
behavior and ecology.
Company, and The Peregrine Fund Board.
22
PHILIPPINE EAGLE
natural resource management and

T he Philippine Eagle is the

rarest of the very large
planning in their respective areas.
This initiative was an attempt to
forest eagles. Probably only cause officials and community
a few hundred pairs remain, and leaders from different areas where

Photo by Christian Fackelmann

only on two to four of the over eagles occur to share experiences,
7,000 islands making up the Philip- plans, and aspirations with the Captive-bred Philippine
hope to further understand the Eagle. The future of the
pines. The eagle is that country’s Philippine Eagle and people
national bird. species and promote the develop-
are directly tied through
The Peregrine Fund’s primary ment of solutions to human-caused their environment.
involvement and investment in the impacts on eagles.
Philippines is in and through the Field Research: Twenty years of
Philippine Eagle Foundation (PEF), information on wild nests and
a Filipino non-profit organization. breeding success was compiled and
We believe this organization holds accepted for publication in the Jour-
the greatest hope for preserving nal of Raptor Research in 2000.
this endangered bird of prey. Below, Surveys continued for nests of
and with our congratulations, we Philippine Eagles on the island of
present a synopsis of Mindanao. Using

Photo courtesy of Philippine Eagle Foundation

results achieved by radio telemetry, at
the PEF through their one site two eagles
holistic conservation (immature and adult
Conservation of the
program for the eagle female) were tracked
Philippine Eagle and
and its environment. and monitored. In
its habitat. association with the
The Peregrine Fund
contributes to the PEF primarily by field work three
providing biological and program- Philippine Eagles were rescued, two
matic advice and financial support. of which survived. Work was also
begun to develop habitat restora-
RESULTS tion projects which will link two
Community-Based Initiatives large natural areas (Mt. Apo and
(two of many examples): The PEF Mt. Kitanglad) by joining forest
established a model and then 2.5 fragments between these areas.
ha training farms and facilities for Captive Breeding: The PEF suc- broadcast spots for use by stations. COOPERATORS
which 120 teachers from a large
local communities they work with cessfully hatched and raised three The goal of the campaign is to Conservation associates Jim and Joyce Grier
area participated. This was followed
in the uplands where the eagle eaglets during the 1999/2000 reach audiences in the remote work closely with Bill Burnham and his co-
by Echo Seminars in the provinces
remains. These farms demonstrate breeding season. One of these, upland areas where eagles still workers on this project. Joyce has her own
where teachers the PEF had devel-
sustainable agriculture techniques “Pangarap” (meaning dream), was remain. separate projects directed at grade school
oped as trainers in turn taught their
such as sloping agricultural land the first young from a natural With the help of over 50 college age children - Classrooms That Make A
colleagues. The Congress and Semi-
technology, crop rotation, multiple- breeding pair of captive Philippine student volunteers, about 200,000 Difference; Co-global Student Partnership for
nars helped swell the ranks of PEF
story planting, etc. They will serve Eagles. The eagle was named by a visitors toured the PEF Philippine Rainforest Conservation, and The Tropical
partners among Philippine schools.
as showcases for their partner-com- 13-year old Filipino, Gianne Pascual Eagle center near Davao City on Rainforest and the People. As a Professor of
In 1998 PEF began a campaign to
munities to replicate. from Nueva Ecija, who won over the island of Mindanao. A majority Biology at North Dakota State University
educate radio broadcasters about
The PEF organized a forum for two thousand other children in a of the visitors were students. and expert on eagles, Jim advises on sci-
the environment and eagle. This
local governments, tribal leaders, nationwide name search contest. effort was complemented in 1999 ence issues. Major financial support for the
non-government organizations, and Conservation Education: The by development of short radio project was provided by The Walt Disney
peoples’ organizations to facilitate PEF held a Teacher’s Congress in Company Foundation.

23

Conservation of the
Javan Hawk Eagle and
its habitat by improving
knowledge and enhanc-
ing technical capacity in
Indonesia.
Photo by Usep Suparman, KPB CIBA
The Javan Hawk Eagle lives
exclusively in the forests of
Java, Indonesia, where its
habitat has been fragmented.
Now confined to only about
10% of its former range, the
species is in jeopardy.
COOPERATORS
We collaborate with the R & D Centre for
Biology of the Indonesian Institute of
Sciences (LIPI), Fauna-Flora International--
Indonesia Programme, and provided sup-
port to Firman Hadi, Padjadjaran University
and Yayat Afianto, Bogor Agricultural
University. Financial support for the project
was received from The Walt Disney
Company Foundation.
24
JAVAN HAWK EAGLE
Photo by Rishad Naoroji
T he Javan Hawk Eagle is a magnificent but
little-known bird of prey which lives exclu-
sively in the forests of Java, Indonesia. Its
range has been fragmented over many years so
that now it is confined to only about 10% of its
former distribution, and there is increasing danger
that populations in east and west Java will
become isolated from each other. Trade in
the species has increased in recent years and
is believed to threaten the species’ survival,
as its population must be very small. The
species recovery plan developed in 1998 by
the Javan Hawk Eagle Focus Group acknowl-
edges that much important information
needed to ensure survival of the species is
lacking. This project is a step in the right
direction to make a difference.
RESULTS
1999: We attempted to answer two impor-
tant ecological questions needed to under-
stand the factors that limit the distribution
and abundance of the Javan Hawk Eagle: (1)
what is the home range of the species and
how does it limit breeding density, and (2)
what is the diet, and does food availability
limit distribution? Work was conducted by
two Indonesian students, Firman Hadi and
Yayat Afianto, thereby helping to develop
local capacity for conservation and research.
Their studies contributed to their graduation with
degrees in conservation biology. Yayat Afianto went
on to become the coordinator of the Javan Hawk
Eagle Conservation Group.
FUTURE PLANS
Survival of the Javan Hawk Eagle depends on
conservation of suitable forest habitat. We still need
to understand the availability of suitable habitat
and nesting density to estimate the island’s carry-
ing capacity for hawk eagles, their population size,
and extinction probability. With this understanding
we can help ensure that sufficient suitable habitat
is protected to sustain the species.
LESSER FISHING EAGLE - INDIA
T he Lesser Fishing Eagle once
occurred throughout the lower
Himalayas in India, but the popula-
tion is currently reduced to a few pairs in
and near Corbett National Park. There has
been no reproduction in recent years. A
grossly deformed eggshell was retrieved
from an unproductive nest in 1991.
Because there was no portion of yolk asso-
ciated with the shell, it was not possible to
obtain any quantitative determinations of
the content of organochlorine pesticides.
But the “fingerprint” of DDT compounds,
which resembled the composition of fresh
DDT, indicates exposure to a recent applica-
tion of DDT. Other organochlorines, includ-
ing dieldrin, HCHs, chlordanes, and PCBs,
were also detected. At the request of Bob
Risebrough, Executive Director, The Bodega
Bay Institute, we assisted with this project
by providing matching financial support.
RESULTS
Studies in India were carried out by
Rishad Naoroji of Bombay (now called
Mumbai), author of A Handbook on the
Birds of Prey of the Indian Subcontinent,
assisted by Leon Pereira, a graduate student
at St. Xavier’s college in Mumbai. Over the
past several years an unhatched egg, egg
Lesser Fishing
Eagle.
To determine the likely
cause of reproductive
failures of the Lesser
Fishing Eagle in Corbett
National Park and adja-
cent areas in India.
fragments with membranes from a hatched
egg, and egg fragments with attached mem-
branes from an unhatched egg were
obtained from three nests in Corbett
National Park; feathers and down were
obtained from a fourth nest. In addition,
samples of the fish which are their principal
food, the Golden Mahaseer and the Black
Mahaseer, were obtained from the river
flowing through the eagle territories, but
upstream, outside the Corbett Park.
Leon Pereira brought these samples to
The Bodega Bay Institute laboratories,
Berkeley, California, where he spent six
months. The analyses were completed and
final numbers of the concentrations of the
contaminants will be determined shortly
after a series of calibrations is carried out.
Concentrations of the DDT compounds in
the unhatched egg, however, were in the
order of 900 ppm lipid weight, equivalent
to those in the most highly contaminated
eggs of Brown Pelicans in California in
1969, and about nine times higher than
concentrations that would cause reproduc-
tive failures in Bald Eagles.
COOPERATORS
The Bodega Bay Institute and Mr. Rishad Naoroji, with financial
support provided by The Walt Disney Company Foundation.
MONGOLIAN RAPTOR
CONSERVATION PROJECT
golian biologists and conservation-

T he Golden Eagle has borne

witness to the struggle of
human survival on the
steppes of central Asia since time
immemorial. More than a thousand
ists to help achieve that balance.

RESULTS
In 1999 Bill Burnham, with Board
member Robert Comstock, Sheldon
A Mongolian falconer hunts
Severinghaus, a University of Cali-
years before Temujin united the with his Golden Eagle as
fornia, Berkeley Visiting Scholar in have his predecessors for
rival clans and was crowned
Mongolia, and photographer Daniel centuries before him.
Genghis Khan (Chinggis Khann--
O’Neil, had the opportunity to visit
universal king), extending the
Mongolia and meet with conserva-
Mongol empire from Beijing to the
tionists and eagle falconers. The
Caspian Sea, the eagle is believed
common interest in the eagle and
to have stood upon the arm of Asi-
birds of prey helped bridge cultural
atic hunters of the steppes provid-
boundaries and establish a
ing food and pelts from its prey. As
common bond for discussions.
with the eagle’s dependence upon
Based on discussions there, Mongo-
the seasonally
lian national and local
changing environ-
conservation priorities
ments of their natu-
were identified to
ral world, so are the
Help conserve Mon- which The Peregrine
lives of the Mongol
golian raptors by Fund might contribute.
nomads to this day.
Their priorities were to
Ecologically, Mon- enhancing in-country
(1) have a Mongolian
golia is the joining conservation and
specialist on birds of
place for several science capacity and prey, (2) to have the
Central Asian envi- cultural traditions.

Photo by Bill Burnham

specialist be Nyamba-
ronments and the
yar Batbayar, and (3) to
last place many species still occur
have the knowledge on eagles in
on the continent. Environments
Mongolia expanded through scien-
vary greatly from high mountains
tific research. At the same time
with glaciers to deserts. Much of
they emphasized how little was
the country’s natural beauty and
known about all raptors in Mongo-
environments remain unchanged
lia and the great need for good
by human activities, but develop-
information.
ment driven by the country’s needs
Considering their priorities and
and desires are now, more than
our goal, we set several activities
ever, changing the cultural and nat-
into motion and are considering
ural systems. To preserve Mongo-
others. We provided grants to both
lia’s past traditions and nature will
the Mongolian Ornithological Soci-
require a careful balance of plan-
ety and the Mongolia Birds of Prey
ning and actions, particularly
Association. We agreed in 2000 to
during the early part of the 21st
begin training and assist with an
century. The Peregrine Fund is now
advance degree (M.Sc.) program for
working with and supporting Mon-
Nyambayar to help him become a
specialist in raptors for Mongolia.
We further agreed to assist with his
research on the Golden Eagle.
In 2000 we hope to expand our
work in Mongolia by sending a biol-
ogist/falconer there to live with the
Kazacks who hunt with Golden
Eagles. This person would docu-
ment in detail the capture, training,
and hunting of the eagles and their
role and tradition in the culture.
This cultural practice and relation-
ship with the Golden Eagle is
largely disappearing with the eldest
generation. We wish to preserve
STAFF
the technical knowledge and know-
This project is directed by Rick Watson and
how, and, if possible, the tradition
conducted by Nyambayar Batbayar with
for future generations of Mongo-
advice and assistance from Bill Burnham.
lians/Kazacks. The loss of this tradi-
tion not only diminishes the cul-
COOPERATORS
ture, but removes a wildlife
We cooperate with the Mongolian Academy
constituency in a people who are
of Sciences, World Wildlife Fund For Nature-
beginning to see raptors and other
Mongolia, Mongolian Ornithological Society,
wildlife as competitors with
Mongolia Birds of Prey Association, Sheldon
humans for resources rather than
Severinghaus, and Nomadic Expeditions
as an integral part of the natural
Mongolia. Financial support is provided by
environment.
Thinsulate™ Insulation and The Robert
Comstock Company.
25
 HIGH ARCTIC INSTITUTE
West, and North Greenland. Each

W e are building on a
base of information
and experiences
of these areas is similar but also
distinctive for different reasons,
including certain falcon prey
founded in 1972 when Bill Mattox species. Because of our previous
began research on falcons in research and records from Arctic
Greenland. That research has con- explorers and early naturalists in
tinued uninterrupted since. Com- Greenland, historic biological infor-
pared to temperate or tropical mation exists for each area with
regions, or even the Alaskan and some going back to the 1800s.
much of the Canadian arctic, Also, because of Greenland’s small
Greenland has fewer species and a human population, severe environ-
simpler natural biotic system. ment, and limited development,
Greenland, an island 1,660 miles the landscape is largely
long and 650 miles wide, is about unchanged from centuries ago, if
85% covered by a huge central not longer. Therefore, when
Photo by Jack Stephens

Photo by Jack Stephens

icecap extending up change is detected in
to 11,000 feet above natural systems, the
sea level. The inland causes are usually
ice and frigid ocean Conservation and under- either natural fluctu-
currents greatly influ- ations or resulting
standing of Gyrfalcon
ence the marine and from recent aberra-
Above: Gyrfalcon in North and Peregrine Falcon
terrestrial environ- tions, e.g. changing
Greenland from Jack Stephens' populations and their climate, environmen-
photographic web site at ments. Fresh water
environments in Green- tal contamination, or
www.JackStephensimages.com. from melting snow
land. yet other unknown
Above right: Atlantic Puffin. and ice mix with
salty ocean water, factors. These con-
Right: Peregrine Fund Board
member and noted British helping create a nutrient-rich envi- siderations combined with excel-
scientist Ian Newton with ronment for fish, mammals, and lent cooperators and our long-term
Dovekie. birds. At the top of the food pyra- experience, create an exceptional
mid are the predators, and in par- opportunity for investigations on
ticular the Peregrines and Gyrfal- falcons and their environments
cons. The falcons are for the Arctic which should produce far greater
as the Arctic is for the world, an insight and benefit.
environmental barometer provid-
ing early warning of larger prob-
RESULTS
Photo by Kurt K. Burnham

lems such as global climate

North Greenland - The first
falcon survey in 1999 was by dog
change and pollution.
sled (320 linear km) in May near
To understand the inter-relation-
Qaanaaq, locating 12 previously
ships of the falcons and their envi-
used Gyrfalcon nest sites. This was
ronment and influencing factors,
prior to egg laying. A second
we are focusing geographically on
survey by boat (300 km) and on
four widely spaced locales in East,

26
foot occurred in July/August, locat-
ing only two active Gyrfalcon
eyries but four pairs of Peregrine
Falcons, the most northern at 77°
N latitude. Research was also con-
tinued on Dovekies, the Gyrfal-
con’s primary prey.
West Greenland - Investigations
began in the Kangerlussuaq area
in March/April when 61 previously
known Gyrfalcon nest sites were
surveyed by helicopter and nine
were found occupied. All sites
were again checked in June/July by
helicopter and/or on foot, along
with 80 known Peregrine eyries.
Only six of the nine Gyrfalcon
sites located earlier were occu-
pied, but five more nests were
found when 50 additional unsur-
veyed cliffs were examined. Fifty
sites were located with Peregrines
with an average of 3.06 young per
successful pair. Surveys were also
conducted for Ravens, Rock
Ptarmigan, and Arctic Hare.
Catherine Wightman completed
the research for her M.Sc. in
raptor biology at Boise State Uni-
versity.
East Greenland - In the
Scoresby Sound area we accom-
plished a preliminary survey for
Gyrfalcons, trying to learn some-
thing of their current distribution
and abundance. During June, we
surveyed roughly 6,000 sq km of
Jameson Land by helicopter and
about 30 linear km of Liverpool
Coast by skis and dog sled, locat-
ing 14 Gyrfalcon nest sites of
which five were occupied.
Photo by Kurt K. Burnham
Right: Long-time Thule, Greenland resi-
dent, naturalist, photographer, and our
Thule project coordinator, Jack Stephens,
in his element.
Below: May 1999 dog sled survey for
Gyrfalcons in North Greenland.
STAFF
The project is managed by Kurt Burnham
under the general direction of Bill Burnham
with special assistance from Bill Mattox.
Also participating in 1999 were Tom Cade,
Gregg Doney, Jim Enderson, Mark Fuller,
Tim Gallagher, Ian Newton, Olafur Nielsen,
Jack Stephens (Thule Coordinator), and
Catherine Wightman.
COOPERATORS
Authorization was provided by The
Commission for Scientific Research in
Greenland, Greenland Homerule
Government, and by the United States Air
Force. We cooperate with Thule Air Base,
the U.S. Department of the Interior/Bureau
of Land Management, Conservation
Photo by Kurt K. Burnham
Research Foundation, PICO/University of
Nebraska, New York Air National Guard,
109th TAF, Boise State University, Bent
Brodersen/KISS Center, and Danish scien-
tists Knud Falk and Kaj Kampp, among oth-
ers. Major financial support was provided by
The Charles Engelhard Foundation, Bennu
and the Florence Hegyi Family Trust, and
The Walter C. Hill Family Foundation.
27

Photo by Dan Garlock, Jr.
The first book published
by the Archives of
American Falconry.
STAFF
Curator Archivist, S.Kent Carnie;
Research/Editorial Associate, William G.
Mattox; Non-residential associates: Research
- Craig Culver and Peter Devers, Library -
John Swift, Graphics - Don Garlock and Jim
Stabler.
COOPERATORS
The Archives is dependent on the generous
support of many friends, falconer and non-
falconer alike. In 1999 particularly notewor-
thy assistance was received from Sterling
Bunnell, the California Hawking Club, Kent
Carnie, Keith Carpenter, Michaela Crandley,
David Frank, Walter Hill, David Kennedy, Bill
and Joan Mattox, Rob McIntyre, Carter
Montgomery, North American Falconers
Association, Bill and Marcie Oakes, Williston
Shor, Rick Skibsted, John Swift, and Duane
and Sharon Zobrist.
28
ARCHIVES OF
AMERICAN FALCONRY
community, and
A common factor does not compete
among all the with funding for
founders of The conservation proj-
Peregrine Fund was a love of rap- ects.
tors from their association with the 1999: Several
sport of falconry. Falconers’ major events high-
insights, technology, birds, and sup- lighted our year
port all have been important in the just ended. First,
successes enjoyed by our organiza- we realized our
tion and benefited conservation of initial endowment
birds of prey in general in North goal of $350,000.
America. During the early years of We emphasize
The Peregrine Fund’s existence “initial” for, while
some of the early practioneers of endowment inter-
American falconry passed away, est is sufficient to
File Photo
and with the loss of associated cover current
memorabilia and information each operational
had amassed, it is understandable expenses, should Peregrine Fund Board member Jim Weaver in northwestern Colorado with his falcon, "Lukey."
why we sought to preserve the his- we ever have to
tory of the sport in the Americas. hire a professional lish language holdings. Having FUTURE PLANS
archivist a considerably higher bal- achieved our initial endowment The manuscript for our second
RESULTS ance would be required. With this goal, we now feel comfortable in Heritage Series book is complete
Cumulative: Founded in 1986, in mind, we continue to seek to earmarking at least part of the and we await only selection of the
the Archives of American Falconry expand our endowment. funds received from our annual photos to accompany it to proceed
(AAF), with its unrivaled collections Secondly, with the publication of auction of deaccessioned duplicate with our next publication effort.
of historical falconry Luff Meredith’s Ameri- books for the purchase of selected
This work--the day-by-day diary of
materials, is unique can Falconry in the additions to our library--works we John and Frank Craighead from
in the world. Its Twentieth Century judge not likely available through their historic visit to India in 1940--
library is world class (with much able assis- normal donor sources. Such pur-
To collect and conserve is anxiously awaited by the falconry
and its holdings in tance from Bill chases have already added substan- community, and we anticipate a
evidence of the history
the English language Mattox), we have tially to the stature of the Archives. particularly rousing reception for
are unsurpassed. In of falconry and to docu- finally launched our Upon the recommendation of the the coming volume.
attaining its goals, it ment the role of falcon- long-awaited Archives Board of the North American Fal- With the continuing expansion
is assisted by an advi- ers in raptor conserva- Heritage Publication coners Association (NAFA), presen- of our library and, indeed, all of
sory board of promi- tion in the Americas. Series. The response tation of our joint AAF/NAFA Her- our collections, we are reminded
nent falconers. Since has been overwhelm- itage Award was made at this year’s of the down side of our success:
1991 it has been housed in the ing, and we are off to a grand start annual NAFA meet to Peregrine we simply have no room or addi-
James Nelson Rice Wing, created to in this addition to our outreach pro- Fund Founding Board Member Jim tional storage cabinetry in our
provide appropriate housing for its gram. Weaver. At the same time, the present room. We have had to
collections and activities. Normal Thanks to the generosity and Archives’ curator was honored with become increasingly concerned
operational funding is provided energy of John Swift, our library receipt of NAFA’s Freienmuth and active in seeking funds to con-
from interest on the AAF Endow- has significantly expanded, leaving Award for long-term service to that struct facilities to house our
ment Fund, provided almost now only a handful of major works organization. expanding collections.
entirely by the American falconry needed for completion of our Eng-
 PROJECT NEST-EGG

Photo by Russell Thorstrom

Paulson accepted the Board’s chairmanship

W e are building The Peregrine

Fund to last beyond our life-
times and through the 21st
century to conserve this nation’s and the
world’s birds of prey (see Building To Last-
from Julie, he also accepted the lead role in
Project Nest-Egg. At the time of this writing
the value of the endowment is $7,655,000.
Our Board of Directors has agreed that
when the goal is reached, while maintain-
-Raptor 2100, page 1). The Peregrine ing the value of the principal, funds can be
Fund already possesses many of the used for operation of the organization from
demonstrated qualities of exceptional its appreciation and earnings. Project Nest-
organizations. For organizations to remain Egg (our endowment) will create a “guaran-
exceptional in the long term they need teed” annual source of funds which we will
stable financial resources. strive to increase each year through further
For the past three decades we have contributions and appropriate growth in
begun each year with more programs than the investment of the endowment funds.
dollars. Planning and accomplishing proj- The Board of Directors invites and
ects and programs, yet not knowing the For organizations to remain requests The Peregrine Fund’s other sup-
amount of money which would be annu- porters and friends to join them to help
ally available, has been and remains a exceptional in the long term build The Peregrine Fund to last by making
major problem. Other than establishing gifts of cash, appreciated stock, or other
upper spending limits, carefully developed they need stable financial resources. assets to Project Nest-Egg during their life-
budgets are meaningless without adequate time, and after death as a beneficiary in
financial resources. Despite these difficul- their estates.
ties we have annually achieved meaningful and measurable results, always paid our bills As a further source of endowment funds, and as a policy, The Peregrine Fund places all
on time, and almost always ended the year with a positive balance, using any “extra” dol- dollars from bequests and contributions made “in the memory of” the deceased (memo-
lars to build a small cash reserve to help with cash flow. rial gifts) into our endowment. We do this so these gifts from and for these special people
Recognizing this problem, the chairmen of our Board of Directors have worked to provide a lasting contribution--a continuing contribution to conservation of birds of prey.
improve our financial situation. First, Roy Disney and Jerry Herrick strove to increase our We welcome inquiries about bequests and suggest using the following general form:
overall income, and in 1995, with the leadership of the new Chairman, Julie Wrigley, the “I give, devise, and bequeath to The Peregrine Fund, Inc., an Idaho not-for-profit organization,
Board of Directors established “Project Nest-Egg,” a five-year fund raising drive to estab- located on the date hereof at the World Center for Birds of Prey, 566 West Flying Hawk Lane,
lish a $10,000,000 endowment for The Peregrine Fund. Julie made the initial gift and Boise, Idaho 83709, the sum of $____________ (or specifically describe the property or asset
other Board members followed suit by adding dollars to their annual gifts. When Hank being bequeathed).”
29
 THE PEREGRINE FUND – Balance Sheets • September 30, 1999 and 1998
In-Kind
Donations Investment Income $34,956 ASSETS 1999 1998
$173,450 CURRENT ASSETS
Sales $111,289
Cash and cash equivalents $ 781,036 $ 1,114,469
Merchandise inventory 54,134 73,521
Grants receivable 229,161 25,038
INCOME Individual Corporations
Pledges and other accounts receivable 128,210 102,073
Gifts $177,771 Prepaids and other current assets 58,295 46,122
$603,624 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 1,250,836 1,361,223
Special Events
Grants/Contracts $15,865 PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND ARCHIVES
$1,321,703 Tours/Admissions Land 1,513,000 1,513,000
$78,541 Land improvements 803,404 799,700
Buildings 5,173,753 5,129,705
Trailers 150,123 150,123
Equipment and vehicles 1,488,408 1,386,690
Foundations Fixtures and displays 585,240 533,952
$2,260,873 Construction in progress 768,321 8,481
10,482,249 9,521,651
Accumulated depreciation (2,854,116) (2,500,883)
7,628,133 7,020,768
Library 180,591 163,845
Archives 589,432 571,273
8,398,156 7,755,886

ENDOWMENT ASSETS
Cash 549,929 9,103
EXPENSE Conservation Investments 5,567,333 5,000,462
Programs 6,117,262 5,009,565
Excludes construction $1,285,258 $15,766,254 $ 14,126,674
Species
Restoration
LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCES 1999 1998
$2,287,007
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable $ 53,255 $ 53,169
Many organizations and indi- Fund Raising Accrued taxes and expenses 620 4,404
viduals contribute building $82,024
materials at no cost or at cost. Deferred restricted revenue 247,501 269,516
Services contributed have Education/ TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 301,376 327,089
been recorded at the amount Information
it would have cost The Pere- $351,969 FUND BALANCES
grine Fund. Unrestricted operating fund 949,460 1,034,133
Figures for this audited state- Administration
Restricted endowment fund 6,117,262 5,009,566
ment were provided by $127,343 Peregrine
Celebration Investment in property, equipment,
Balukoff, Lindstrom & Co., Membership
$141,159 and archives 8,398,156 7,755,886
P.A., Certified Public Accoun- $89,890
tants. Full reports are avail- TOTAL FUND BALANCES 15,766,254 13,799,585
able upon request.
$15,766,254 $ 14,126,674

30
DONORS
$20,000 or more
Ms. Ruth O. Andres
Lee and Ramona Bass
Foundation
Archie W. and Grace Berry
Foundation
Mr. Harry Bettis
Mr. Frank Bond
The Brown Foundation, Inc.
Bureau of Land Management,
Idaho
Burns Family Foundation
Canon U.S.A., Inc.
Liz Claiborne and Art
Ortenberg Foundation
Laura Moore Cunningham
Foundation, Inc.
Mr. and Mrs. Roy E. Disney
Roy Disney Family Foundation
The Walt Disney Company
The Walt Disney Company
Foundation
The Geraldine R. Dodge
Foundation
The Charles Engelhard
Foundation
Exxon Corporation
Mr. and Mrs. Z. Wayne
Griffin, Jr.
Hawai‘i Department of Land
and Natural Resources
The William and Flora Hewlett
Foundation
Houston Endowment, Inc.
Robert Wood Johnson 1962
Charitable Trust
Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and
Helen C. Kleberg Foundation
Jennifer and Curtis Krizek
Mrs. Irmgard M. Light Trust
Mr. and Mrs. Peter Manigault
Steve Martin
Mr. Hal Maxey
Mrs. Nobuko McClure
Harry W. Morrison Foundation
Ms. Velma Morrison and Mr.
John Hockberger
National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation
Jim and Karin Nelson
Mr. and Mrs. Tom Nicholson
Offield Family Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. David Parker
Henry M. and Wendy J.
Paulson Foundation
The Tapeats Fund
Turner Foundation, Inc.
U.S. Bank
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Wallace Research Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. James Weaver
Mr. John Weaver
Arthur H. Weaver Family Trust
Wiancko Family Donor Advised
Fund of the Community
Foundation of Jackson Hole
Wolf Creek Charitable
Foundation
Mrs. Julie A. Wrigley
Mr. and Mrs. Ron Yanke
Zoological Society of San
Diego
$10,000 - $19,999
J.A. & Kathryn Albertson
Foundation
ARCO Foundation
Balukoff, Lindstrom & Co.
Bennu
Mr. and Mrs. Keith P. Carpenter
Central and South West Services,
Inc.
Robert Comstock Company
Cooke Foundation, Limited
Globe Foundation
Florence Hegyi Family Trust
Mrs. Katherine Swim Herrick
Walter C. Hill and Family
Foundation
Karen and Tim Hixon
Idaho Power Company
Kaytee Avian Foundation
The Kearney Foundation
Mr. Walter Negley
Norcross Wildlife Foundation Inc.
Ms. Conni Pfendler
Mr. Peter Pfendler
The Sunderland Foundation
Jane Smith Turner Foundation
Union Pacific Foundation
$5,000 - $9,999
Atherton Family Foundation
BankAmerica Foundation
Bank One, Arizona, NA
Sidney S. Byers Charitable Trust
LTC and Mrs. Sidney Kent Carnie
Yvon V. Chouinard
James and Barbara Cimino
Foundation
Mr. Ron Crawford
Exxon Company, U.S.A.
Fanwood Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Mark James
Forgason
Hawaii Community Foundation
Hewlett-Packard Company
Interior Systems, Inc.
Itron Telephone Solutions
Mr. and Mrs. Jacobo Lacs
Diane A. Ledder Charitable Trust
Mr. Peter Marler
Dr. and Mrs. William Mattox
McAlvain Construction, Inc.
McInerny Foundation
Mill Pond Press
Mr. Carter Montgomery
Morrison Center Board of
Governors
Mr. Fred Norman
Patagonia
Mr. N. John Schmitt
Mr. and Mrs. Will Shor
Mr. Herman Stude
John and Vicki Swift
Thinsulate™ Insulation
G.N. Wilcox Trust
$2,500 - $4,999
APS Foundation, Inc.
Browning-Ferris Industries
Jamie and Tom Dater
Mr. and Mrs. David Frank
Mr. Norm Freeman
Ms. Rebecca Gaples
Mr. and Mrs. Charlie Hartwell
Mr. and Mrs. Donald Kayser
Ms. Judith King
Maxey Tookey Architects
Mr. Rob McIntyre
The Moore Charitable Foundation
$1,000 - $2,499
Albertson’s Food and Drug
Ms. Donna Bailey
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bateman
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Beland
Will and Margaret Betchart
Boise State University and Student
Athletes
Dr. and Mrs. Bill Burnham
Dr. and Mrs. Tom J. Cade
California Hawking Club
The Chevron Companies
Ms. L. Taylor Cockerham
Mr. Derek Craighead
Mr. Charles de Ganay
Mr. Paul Dickson
Charles W. Duncan, III and Mary
Ann Duncan Dingus
Mr. Curtis Earl
Mr. and Mrs. Harold S. Eastman
The Eisner Foundation
ES/Drake Communications
Dr. and Mrs. James H. Enderson
Ms. Beverly Gholson
Mr. and Mrs. D. Wayne Gittinger
Dr. Cathleen A. Godzik
Mr. and Mrs. Morley R. Golden
Grand Canyon Association
Steve Guinn
Mr. and Mrs. John F. Harrigan
Mr. and Mrs. Edward H. Harte
Hayden Beverage Company
Mr. Fred P. Hayes
Mr. Stephen Hill
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Hokin
Mr. Roger W. Hollander
Mr. and Mrs. Jim Ince
Mr. Summerfield K. Johnston, Jr.
North American Falconers
Association
Northwest Airlines Corporate
Services
Pennzoil Company
Pfendler Vineyards
Ms. Laurie Simms
J. R. Simplot Company
Ten Times Ten Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Joe Terteling
The Timken Family Charitable Trust
Dr. Jared Verner
Mr. and Mrs. William E. Wade, Jr.
Mr. David Kennedy
Key Foundation
Kilgore Architectural Products
Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. King
Luther King Capital Management
Mr. and Mrs. Dan Konkel
Mr. Frank Y. Larkin
Mr. And Mrs. Harry McElroy
Legg Mason, Inc.
Mad River Foundation
David M. Malcolm
Mr. Stanley Marcus
Meeting Systems
Dr. and Mrs. Ian Newton
Mr. and Mrs. William Oakes
Mrs. Elizabeth B. Parks
Patagonia Clothing Donations
Mr. Hans Peeters
Ms. Jennifer Pratt
Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Rainwater
Mr. and Mrs. Ken Richardson
Mr. Godfrey A. Rockefeller
Romar Electric Co., Inc.
Mr. Richard T. Schotte
Mr. Ricky Skibsted
Mrs. Sherwood Smith
St. James Spirits
SYSCO Food Services of Idaho
Tablerock Brewpub
Tejon Ranch
Mr. Richard S. Thorsell
Mr. Skip Tubbs
Tucker Foundation
United Dairymen of Idaho
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wallick
Wallick Family Foundation
YMC, Inc.
1999 Chairman’s
Circle Members
We are pleased to honor this year’s
Chairman’s Circle members. Their unre-
stricted gifts allow flexible response to
changing circumstances and are critical
to the organization’s operation.
Donna Bailey
Frederick Beland
Bennu
Will and Margaret Betchart*
Charles de Ganay
Paul Dickson*
Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Duncan, III*
Harold S. Eastman*
Michael D. Eisner and The Eisner
Foundation
Beverly Gholson*
D. W. Gittinger*
Cathleen A. Godzik
Morley R. and Deana Golden*
Mr. and Mrs. John F. Harrigan*
Edward H. Harte*
Roger W. Hollander*
Mr. and Mrs. Donald Kayser*+
Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. King*
Judith King
Frank Y. Larkin*
David M. Malcolm*
Stanley Marcus*
Harry C. McElroy*
Elizabeth B. Parks*
Charles S. Rainwater
Ken and Charlotte Richardson*
Richard T. Schotte*
Mrs. Sherwood Smith*
Richard S. Thorsell*
Robert and Joan Wallick*
+ denotes Patron members
*denotes multi-year members
The Chairman’s Circle offers member-
ships at the Patron ($2,500) and
Partner ($1,000) levels of unre-
stricted annual gifts. If you would like
more information on the Chairman’s
Circle, please call our membership
office at (208) 362-3716.
31

1999 Memorial
Gifts and Bequests
During 1999 donations were
received in memory of the follow-
ing individuals:
Nita Albrecht
Ledlie R. Andrews
Margaret Aulman
Gary Beck
Lloyd Brown
Dorothy Brownold
Norman B. Clark
Alan Dannenberg
Gerald D. Herrick
Jack Kolb
Donald P. Kyker
Irmgard M. Light
Gerald I. Maxey
Robert Plunkett
Jerry Scott
Mary M. Tilden
Steve Toovey
P.A.B. Widener
William Wrigley
Become a Partner
The Peregrine Fund
depends on contribu-
tions for our projects.
You can make a contri-
bution through a direct
gift, at workplace
giving campaigns, or
in a provision in your
will. We participate in
the combined Federal
Campaign (CFC #0945)
and are members of
Earth Share. Many
gifts are matched so
ask your employer
about its policy. Please
call us if you
have any ques-
tion on how
you can help.
32
DONORS
Mr. and Mrs. Philip D. Aines
Stanley J. Arkin Foundation
Mr. Mark Armstrong
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen A. Beebe
Dr. Pat Benson
Anne Gordon Harper Blanchard
Foundation, Inc.
Boise State University
Construction Management
Club
Mr. and Mrs. Lee R. Bondurant
Mr. and Mrs. Steven D. Brooks
Mr. and Mrs. Connor B. Burton
Mr. and Mrs. Sam G. Adler
American Association of
University Women
American Association of
Zookeepers
Mr. Raul Arias de Para
Mr. Rick Ashworth
Mr. Gerhard Assenmacher
Ms. Marna C. Baggs
Dr. Ann Bardeen-Henschiel
Mr. and Mrs. Hatch Barrett
Mr. William Baxter
Dr. and Mrs. Herbert John Beil
Ms. Marilyn Bicking
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel J. Brimm
Mr. Ronald E. Brown
Dr. Theresa L. Bucher
Mr. and Mrs. Edward E.
Butler, Jr.
Mr. Dan Cable
California Water Service Co.
Mr. Thomas Cantella
Mr. and Mrs. Allen Chaikin
Dr. Mark A. Chappell
Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Cilek
Dr. Wayne Claiborne
Ms. Christina E. Clayton
Mr. Robert E. Coleman
Mr. and Mrs. Kevin Consey
Mr. and Mrs. Donald M. Cooper
Mr. Harold Cusden
Mr. George G. Daniels
Mr. David C. Carey
Jeff, Kathy, and Jack Cilek
Colorado Hawking Club
Mr. and Mrs. Dan Cover
Mr. Roger Crawford
Mr. F.W. Cropp
Mr. Peter Devers
Echo Films
Eddy’s Bakery
Mr. Peter t. Edmunds
Enright Foundation, Inc.
The William Ewing Foundation
Ms. Linda E. Duguay
Mr. and Mrs. Jack L. Dunsmoor
Mr. and Mrs. Chris duPont
Mrs. Susanna C. Easton
Ms. MaryAnn Edson
Mrs. John Taylor Ellis
Mr. Donald B. Emery
Ms. Emily F. Fairchild
Ms. Joan Faust
Ms. Janie P. Fink
Mr. Kevin A. Finn
First American Title Insurance
Company
Ms. Arleen Forgey
Mrs. Esther B. Garnsey
Mrs. Gretchen Geller
General Fire, Inc.
The Gourmet Rodent
Mr. and Mrs. Peter W. Gray
Great Lakes Falconers
Association
Mr. and Mrs. Wayne
Greenstone
Professor Frederick A. Hagar
Mrs. James C. Hageman
Mr. Charles R. Hahn
Mr. and Mrs. Victor Hardaswick
Mrs. Alan Harley and Chris
Mr. J. Battle Haslam
Hawai‘i Planing Mill
Foundation
Mr. Kenneth Hill
$500 - $999
First American Title
Mr. Salvatore Foglio
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Freutel
Mr. Anthony Garrett
Ms. Carol Geis
Mr. Victor Gonzalez
The Hackborn Foundation, Inc.
Mr. and Mrs. Ken Harrison
Mr. and Mrs. William Heinrich
The William Ewing Foundation
and Grace Ewing Huffman
Intermountain Gas Company
Mr. and Mrs. Wally Jarman
$200 - $499
Lee and Dianne Hodges
Mr. and Mrs. Herb Holt
Mr. Andrew P. Hrenyo
Ms. Rosemary A. Barry
Huntington
Mr. Hans Kurt Hussong
Mr. and Mrs. Gregory A. Inskip
Mr. Roland Jeske
Ms. Janice F. Jorgensen
Mr. and Mrs. David Junkin, II
Ms. Tracey Kehne and
Mr. Terry Walther
Mr. Richard J. Kent
Mr. Steven LaRue
Ms. Janet Lebens
Ms. Rita Lehnert
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Link
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Lueckel
Dr. William MacLeod, Jr.
Mr. Bruce Mahall
Maine Falconry and Raptor
Conservancy
Mr. Andrew L. Martin
Mrs. Margaret Martin
Mr. and Mrs. Don Masterson
Senator and Mrs. John McCain
Mrs. Mimi McMillen
Merrill Lynch Matching Gifts
Program
Ms. Elsie Mogck
Mr. and Mrs. Don Moser
Mr. Brian Mutch
Mr. and Mrs. J. Peter Jenny
Mr. and Mrs. Bob Koeberlein
Mr. Pedro P. Kuczynski
Mr. Anthony Lapham
Hawaii Electric Light Company
The Masonry Center, Inc.
Mr. Marshall B. Miller and Ms.
Claudia P. Huntington
Mrs. Paul L. Miller
Mr. and Mrs. James C. Nelson
F. Edward and Jeanne
P. Osborne Family
Foundation, Inc.
Na Hoaloha Ainahou
Ms. Zoe R. Nady
Mr. and Mrs. James Nelson
New York Times Co.
Found., Inc.
Newman’s Own Organics
Newman’s Own, Inc./Salad
King
Dr. and Mrs. Tom Nicholas
Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Ondr
Oregon Falconers Association
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Osterbrink
Ms. Carolyn Oyer
Mr. Everett C. Parker
Mr. Leigh H. Perkins
Mr. and Mrs. Jack G. Peterson
Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Petura
Professional Record
Management
Mr. and Mrs. Ira Purchis
Ms. Sarah Richards
Dr. Beverly Ridgely
Mr. and Mrs. Richard C.
Ripple, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. John Robison
Mr. Stanley M. Rowe, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Andy Sabin
Ms. Maggie A. Sacher
Mr. and Mrs. Phil Schempf
Ms. Cynthia S. Schotte
The Charles Schwab Corporation
Foundation
Seabury & Smith
Peregrine Industries, Inc.
Mr. Mark Rockefeller
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Rogers
San Antonio Zoological Gardens
& Aquarium
Mr. and Mrs. Ron Schaeffer
United Water
Mr. John Warriner
Mr. and Mrs. Wm. W.
Wessinger
Mr. and Mrs. Clee Sealing
Mr. Jack D. Shannon
Mr. and Mrs. Bailey Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Tom Smylie
Ms. Sue Sontag
Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. Stabler
Ellis and Ann Stephens
Mr. and Mrs. Kent Stottlemyer
Texas Hawking Association
Mr. Platt Thompson
Ms. Sally Tongren
Mr. Clinton Townsend
U.S. West Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Urbano
Mr. and Mrs. Pete Van Der
Meulen
Dr. George Wade
Mr. and Mrs. John W. Wade
Ms. Adele Webster
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Weiler
Mr. and Mrs. Douglas J.
Wiegley
Mr. and Mrs. George Williams
Mr. Edmund J. Wlodarczyk
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Wood
Mr. Kim Woody
Mr. Lou Woyce
Mr. Kurt Young
$100 - $199
Dr. and Mrs. William Allan
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Allis
Mr. Sean P. Ambrose
Mr. George A. Ammann, Sr.
Mr. Eldon Archer
Mr. Louis Ares, Jr.
Mr. Raphael Arnaud
Ms. Edith S. Aronson
Mr. Allen Asbury and
Ms. Teresa Maylor
Dr. Janet Jeppson Asimov
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley I. Auerbach
Ms. Lynne Bachman
Mr. Jerry Bagnani
Mr. David Ball
Mr. and Mrs. William Ballentine
Ms. Sylvia Barbarich
Mr. and Mrs. Mike Barker
Mr. and Mrs. Calton R. Barnes, II
Mr. and Mrs. David Barry
Mr. and Mrs. Roy N. Bathum
Mr. and Mrs. Philip Batt
Mr. and Mrs. Ron Bauman
Ms. Lorraine Bazan
Ms. Pam Beaumont
Mr. and Mrs. Doug Becker
Mr. and Mrs. Tim Behrman
Mr. James A. Bevis
Mr. and Mrs. Bliss Bignall, Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. J. Randolph Birch
Mr. Steven G. Black and
Ms. Wendie A. Wulff
Dr. and Mrs. Claude Bloch
Mrs. Rolinda Loew Bloom
Ms. Susan Boettger
Mr. and Mrs. Larry Bomke
Mr. and Mrs. Lorne V. Braun
Mr. William J. Breed
Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Brinda
Bronnercom
Ms. Barbara Brown
Mr. Walt Brown
Mr. Charles Brownold
Mr. J. A. Brundin
Mr. and Mrs. William H. Bryant
Mr. Michael G. Buck and Ms.
Nancy Glover
Mr. Andrew Bullen
Mr. Kurt Burnham
Mr. and Mrs. Russell Buschert
Mr. Daniel Butler
Ms. Kim S. Caldwell
Mr. Charles Callagan
Mr. and Mrs. William Campbell
Mr. and Mrs. Lee A. Casebere
Mr. Thomas Castellane
Dr. and Mrs. David Challinor
Mr. and Mrs. Blake Chapman
Ms. Marion Cherry
Dr. F. Lawrence Clare
Mr. Ronald G. Clarke
Ms. Mary E. Clemesha
Cloud Ridge Naturalists
Mr. Steve Cohen
Dr. Jean W. Cohn
Ms. Esther Coke
Mr. Bob Collins
Mr. and Mrs. John Cook
Dr. E. Newbold Cooper
Dr. John Craighead
Ms. Verne Crawford
Mr. and Mrs. Matthew
Cummings
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Cummings
Mr. and Mrs. Frank T. Curtin
Mr. Alan Czarnowsky
Mr. and Mrs. Paul D’Andrea
Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Daily
Mr. Gordon H. Damon
Ms. Kelly Davidson
Mr. and Mrs. Peter Davidson
Davis Wright Tremaine, LLP
Mr. and Mrs. Rodney D. Day III
Mr. Wallace Dayton
Ms. Marie de Angelis
Dr. David E. Dines
Mr. Michael P. DiOrio
Mr. and Mrs. Don Disotell
Mr. and Mrs. John Dullmeyer
Mr. and Mrs. Danny Durrance
Mr. Wade Eakle
Mr. and Mrs. William M. Edison
Dr. and Mrs. Phil Eldredge
Ms. Catherine Elliott
Mrs. Ardythe K. Ellison
Ms. Barbara C. Elwood
Mr. and Mrs. John Emrick
DONORS
Mr. Robert C. Engle
Dr. Sue Enright
Mr. David Eslicker
David and Emilia Everist
Mr. Leo E. Faddis
Mrs. George Fearing
Mr. Clark Fidler
Mrs. Jean Fischer
Ms. June Fitzgerald
Dr. and Mrs. Richard Fitzgerald
Mrs. Peggy Foley
Mr. and Mrs. Randy L. Forde
Mr. George Forman, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Mike Fowler
The John Francis Family
Ms. Patricia Fritz
Mr. and Mrs. Roy F. Frock, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Gary Fry
Mr. and Mrs. Brian Gallagher
Mr. Tim Gallagher
Mr. and Mrs. David Gardner
Mr. Carlos A. Garza
Ms. Paula Gavin
Mr. James Gay
Mrs. Margaret George
Mr. Richard J. Gershon
Ms. Martha Gibbons
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Gidner
Ms. Catharine E. Gloth
Ms. Cynthia Gray
Ms. Elizabeth Greer
Mr. and Mrs. Roger P. Grimshaw
Ms. Nina B. Griswold
Mr. M. Grob and Mr. Karl Jaspars
Mrs. Helen K. Groves
Mr. Leonard Guldman
Mr. and Mrs. Gary W. Gunther
Mr. John A. Gwynne, Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. John D. Hallahan
Dr. William L. Hallahan
Ms. Martha K. Hamilton
Mr. A. Stuart Hanisch
Mr. William Harmon
Ms. Nancy Harvey
Mr. Ikuya Hatano
Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Hay
Mr. and Mrs. Larry Hays
Mr. and Mrs. Ross Heald
Scott Hedrick Construction
Mrs. Mimi Heiberg
Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Heimbuch
Mr. James Henry
Mr. and Mrs. Melvin S. Henry
Mrs. Barbara Hess
Mr. and Mrs. Bert Higgins
Mr. and Mrs. David Hill
Ms. Helen I. Hodges
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Holbrook
Ms. Tracy Holmes
Mr. and Mrs. Scott Holt
Ms. Anne Hornung-Soukup
Dr. Patrick M. Hourigan
Mr. Val T. Howard
Mr. and Mrs. Keith Huffman
Mr. John E. Hull
L. Barrie Hunt
Mr. William J. Hunt, Jr.
Indiana Falconers Association
Dr. Johan Ingels
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Ish
JAC Enterprises, Inc.
Mr. Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Bryan Jennings
Mr. Larry Jensen
Mr. David L. Johnson and Ms.
Anne Nobles
Mr. Jesse Jones
Dr. Craig L. Jordan
Mr. Irvine Jordan
Mrs. Judith M. Joy
Mr. Hank Kaestner
Mr. and Mrs. Donald N. Kay
Mrs. Eleanor Kelemen
Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Killip
Georgia Z. Kimsey
Ms. Chrissy C. King
Mr. and Mrs. Chuck Kisling
Ms. Karen S. Kleehammer
Mr. and Mrs. Ronald J. Klein
Ms. Cheryl Kleinbart
Mr. and Mrs. Brian Knox
Mr. and Mrs. David Koehler
Mrs. and Mrs. William Kolb
Mr. Douglas Kraus
Ms. Connie Kulik
Mr. and Mrs. Ken Kupchak
$100 - $199
Mr. James Lambe
Mr. and Mrs. Bob Lane
Mr. and Mrs. Logan Lanham
Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Lawin
Mr. Kevin Learned
Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Lebens
Dr. Lee Lenz
Mr. Ed Levine and Ms. Julie
Mulholland
Mr. Lloyd W. Lewis
Mr. Robert C. Lilly
Mr. and Mrs. Norman
Livermore Jr.
Mr. Miren Lolley
Mr. David Lowenstein
Mr. R. Dennis Lund
Ms. Nancy Lyslo
Mr. and Mrs. Craig Madsen
Fannie Mae Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Gerald A. Maka
Mr. and Mrs. Gerry Mandell
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Maney
Ms. Berta E. Marks
Ms. Deborah M. Mathies
Mr. Ernst Mayr
Mr. Mike McGrady
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P. McGrath
Ms. Barbara McIlraith and Mr.
John Turner
Mr. and Mrs. Michael McIntyre
Mr. and Mrs. Charles McKee
Mr. David McMahon
Mrs. Margaret McMahon
Mr. Michael P. McSweeney
Mr. and Mrs. George H. Mead
Ms. Deborah Meredith
Mr. and Mrs. Davis Merwin
Mr. and Mrs. Rufus L. Miley
Ms. Beverly Miller
Mr. Henry G. Miller
Mr. and Mrs. Michael K. Miller
Ms. Susan Mills
Mr. and Mrs. Walt Minnick
Mr. Jack Mitch
Ms. Georgene Moore
Mr. and Mrs. Bert Murray
Mr. and Mrs. Bob Murray
Mr. Richard Musser
Mr. and Mrs. Amel Mustic
Mr. Philip Naumburg, Jr.
Mrs. Patricia Antoinette Neff
Ms. Amy C. Nicholas
Mr. Leonardo Nicholson
Mrs. Russell L. Nicholson
Ms. Mary Normandia
Mr. Donal C. O’Brien
Mr. Mike O’Callaghan
Ms. Jean O’Connor
Mr. William S. O’Keefe
Mr. and Mrs. Peter O’Neill
Ohio Falconry Association
Mr. Allen Olsen and Ms. Carol
Silva
Mrs. Beverly Olson
Irv and Olga Lieberman
Philanthropic Fund of the
Oregon Jewish Community
Foundation
Ms. Rebecca Oroukin
Mr. and Mrs. Michael Palmer
Mr. Richard Palmer
Mr. and Mrs. Brantley Peck, Jr.
Peregrine Outfitters
Ms. Sara Jean Peters
Mr. and Mrs. Len Peterson
Ms. Laurama Pixton
Mr. and Mrs. James Podsiadlo
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Poli
Ms. Frances Pope
Mr. C. Donald Powers
Mr. and Mrs. Ronald W.
Prestfeldt
Mr. Jay A. Pruett
Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Ray
Mr. Bayard D. Rea
Margaret W. Reed Foundation
Mrs. Karen Heiberg Reuter
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Robertson
Ms. Lorelei Rockwell
Mr. Ronald Rogacki
Mr. David Rorick, Jr.
Ms. Mavis S. Rosell
Mr. and Mrs. John Rosholt
Mr. Hal A. Ross
Mr. Stephen Ross
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Roth
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Rubens, II
Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Ruckdashel
The Peregrine Fund Annual Report
© 2000
Mr. and Mrs. Gregory Saathoff Mr. and Mrs. James Tumpane, III Edited by Bill Burnham
Mr. Ron J. Sali Mr. William C. Tuthill
Design © 2000
Mr. and Mrs. Calvin E. Sandfort Mr. and Mrs. Ben Tuttle
by Amy Siedenstrang
Mr. John Sangster Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M. Unfried
Mr. G. Brett Saunders Mr. Roger Upton Thanks to John Schmitt
Ms. Jacqueline Schafer Ms. Benedicte Valentiner for donating illustrations ©2000
Mr. and Mrs. Joel Schick Ms. Elizabeth Crownhart Thanks to Robert Bateman and Mill Pond Press, Inc.,
Mr. William Schroeder Vaughan
Venice, Florida, for cover artwork
Mr. Scott Schwartz Mr. Enrique Alfonso Velasco
Mr. and Mrs. Bob Scobee Dr. Pieter J. Vermeer Production costs donated by members of the Board of Directors
Mr. and Mrs. Dan Scott Visalia Breakfast Lions of The Peregrine Fund
Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Selig Mrs. Emily Wade
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Wagner
Mr. and Mrs. Rick Shackelford The Peregrine Fund Staff
Mr. Max Walker
Mr. Mark Sharky
Mr. James N. Wallace The organization’s business-related activities are supported by Pat Burnham
Mr. and Mrs. Peter Sheldon
Mr. Brian J. Walton (Administrator), Carol Pettersen (Bookkeeper), and Brenda Ruckdashel and Janna
Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Sipple
Mrs. Winifred Washco Secord (Secretary/Receptionist). Linda Behrman is our Membership Director.
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Slaughter
Mr. and Mrs. Leslie S. Weiss
Mr. and Mrs. Ray Smelek United States
Dr. Kenneth H. Weitemier
Augustine and Katherine Smythe Mark Armstrong Nancy Freutel Angel Montoya Cal Sandfort
Mrs. Gillett Welles
South Mountain Audubon Society Stephen Bailey Peter Harrity Amel Mustic Mary Schwartz
Mr. and Mrs. John Welsh
Mrs. Sally Spofford Linda Behrman Bill Heinrich Brian Mutch Janna Secord
Dr. James Wetzel, Jr.
Mr. Jeff Staller Roy Britton Peter Jenny Lynne Neibaur Valerie Stein
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen
Starbucks Bill Burnham Lloyd Kiff Amy Nicholas Randy Stevens
Whittington
Ms. Patricia C. Stein Kurt Burnham Cyndi Kuehler Paul Oesterle Kirk Stodola
Mr. Henry Wiggin
Ms. Wendy Steiner Pat Burnham Joseph Kuhn Nedim Russell Thorstrom
Mr. Dave Wilkes
Mr. George Steinmuller, Jr. Jeff Cilek Marla Kuhn Omerbegovic Janeene Touchton
Mrs. Edward P. Williams
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Stimpson Sean Cluff Alan Lieberman Alberto Palleroni Randy Townsend
Mr. and Mrs. Linda Williams
Mr. Christopher Stinson and Ms. Ross Dickinson Barbara McIlraith Carol Pettersen John Turner
Joan Rudel Ms. Maxine A. Winer
Tracy Powers
Mr. Kirk Stodola Mr. John Winn MaryAnn Edson Paul Malone Rick Watson
Brenda Ruckdashel
Mr. Dennis Sullivan Mr. Tom Witherington Shawn Farry Kim Middleton David Whitacre
Mr. Clark Sumida Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. International Staff
Woodbury
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Susie Aristide Andrianarimisa Angel Muela Gaston Raoelison
Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Woody
Mr. Jon E. Swanson Francisco Barrios Rivo Rabarisoa Christophe
Mr. and Mrs. Dale C. Woolley
Mr. and Mrs. David W. Swetland Adrien Batou Charles Rabearivelo Razafimahatratra
Mr. and Mrs. William L. Woolley
Mr. and Mrs. David Taft Oscar Beingolea (Vola) Daurette
Mr. and Mrs. Michael A. Yates
Mr. Takashi and Mrs. Reiko Be Berthin Simon Rafanomezantsoa Razandrizanakanirina
Kurosawa Mr. and Mrs. Fred Yonda
Bonhomme Berthine Rafarasoa Hilario Rodriguez
Tara Foundation, Inc. Mr. Leonard Young
Jean de Dieu Christophe Norbert Rajaonarivelo Lily-Arison Rene de Roland
Mr. and Mrs. John B. Testa Dr. Irwin Zim
Eloi (Lala) Fanameha Jeannette Rajesy Simon Thomsett
Mr. Jerry Thorstrom
Bernabe Fernandez Gérard Rakotondravao Gilbert Tokahy
Ms. Claudia Tohlermes
Yves Rakotonirina Edwin Urriola
Dr. Harrison Tordoff Loukman Kalavah
Tantely F. Munir Virani
Mr. and Mrs. Al Trager Eugéne Ladoany
Randriamandimbiarison Zarasoa
Ms. Mary Trapnell Jules Mampiandra
Norbert Randrianarivelo
Mr. John A. Trunnell
Mr. J. Townsend Tubbs Archivist
Mr. and Mrs. Vance Tucker S. Kent Carnie
33
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE PEREGRINE FUND
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS DIRECTORS
Henry M. Paulson, Jr. Ronald C. Yanke Ruth O. Andres Ronald Crawford Walter C. Klein Thomas T. Nicholson
Chairman of the Board Secretary and Director Investor President, F/P Research CEO, Walt Klein & Rancher and Landowner
Chairman and Chief President, Yanke Machine Associates Associates, Inc.
Executive Officer, The Shop, Inc. Lee M. Bass Peter G. Pfendler
Goldman Sachs Group, President T. Halter Cunningham Curtis A. Krizek Rancher
Inc. Tom J. Cade, Ph.D. Lee M. Bass, Inc. Manufacturer of Sporting Principal and Executive
Founding Chairman and Arms and Investor Officer Lucia L. Severinghaus
D. James Nelson Director Robert B. Berry Prairie Capital Research Fellow
Vice Chairman of the Professor Emeritus of Chairman, U.S. Investment Patricia A. Disney Management, Inc. Institute of Zoology,
Board and Director Ornithology, Cornell Group of Insurance Vice Chairman, Shamrock Academia Sinica
President, Nelson University Companies Holdings, Inc. Jacobo Lacs Taiwan
Construction Company International Businessman
Business office Roy E. Disney Harry L. Bettis James H. Enderson, Ph.D. and Conservationist R. Beauregard Turner
William A. Burnham, Ph.D. Chairman of the Board, Rancher Professor of Biology Fish and Wildlife Manager,
(208) 362-3716 The Colorado College Patricia B. Manigault Turner Enterprises
President and Director Emeritus, and Director
Vice Chairman, The Walt P. Dee Boersma, Ph.D. Conservationist and
Fax J. Peter Jenny Disney Company Professor, University of Joe I. Eoff Rancher William E. Wade, Jr.
(208) 362-2376 Vice President Chairman of the Board, Washington CEO, Eoff Electric President (Ret.), Atlantic
Shamrock Holdings, Inc. Velma V. Morrison Richfield Company
Jeffrey R. Cilek Frank M. Bond Caroline A. Forgason President, The Harry W.
Interpretive Attorney at Law and Partner, Groves/Alexander Brian J. Walton
Vice President Julie A. Wrigley Morrison Foundation
Center Chairman of the Board, Rancher Coordinator
(208) 362-8687 Paxson H. Offield Emeritus, and Director Z. Wayne Griffin, Jr. Morlan W. Nelson Santa Cruz Predatory Bird
Treasurer and Director Chairman and CEO, Robert S. Comstock Developer, G&N Naturalist, Hydrologist, Research Group
President and CEO, Santa President and CEO, Management, Inc. and Cinematographer
E-mail address Catalina Island Company
Wrigley Investments LLC
The Robert Comstock James D. Weaver
tpf@ Company Karen J. Hixon Ian Newton Past President, North
peregrinefund.org Conservationist Senior Ornithologist American Falconers
Derek J. Craighead Natural Environment Association, and Raptor
Ecologist Research Council Biologist
Website United Kingdom
http://www.
peregrinefund.org
The Peregrine Fund Non-Profit
Organization
World Center for Birds of Prey U.S. POSTAGE
566 West Flying Hawk Lane
Boise, Idaho 83709 PAID
Boise, ID 83709
United States of America
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