ASSIGNMENT

SUBJECT: WORKSHOP ON COMPUTERS FOR MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM: PGDPE

SUBMITTED BY: DEEPENDRA SINGH

ID NO.:PM|J11|009

EMAIL ID: Deependra0009singh@gmail.com

ANSWER1:
The block diagram of a computer is as follows:

The four primary components of computer systems are: Input Devices: An input device is an electromechanical device that accepts
data from outside world and translates them into a form a computer can interpret. The main examples of input devices are keyboard, mouse, etc.

Output Devices: It is an electromechanical device that accepts data from a

computer and translates them into a form suitable for use by outside users (world).the main examples of output devices are monitors,printers,etc.

Processing: In this output devices make processed data available to the

user.

Secondary Storage: Secondary Storage devices store data and programs

permanently.

ANSWER 2:
A problem is an obstacle, impediment, difficulty or challenge, or any situation that invites resolution; the resolution of which is recognized as a solution or contribution toward a known purpose or goal. The problem can be analyzed by three methods: 1. Determine what happened. 2. Determine why it happened. 3. Figure out what to reduce the likelihood that will happen again.

The processes of decision making are as follows:

1. Frame the problem: Frame all mental structures we create to simplify and organize our lives. In this we need to find out the problem about the situation. 2. Choose the people: In this step you need to think that which people is right for particular problem to solve it. 3.The best process: In this we need to find out the right and best way to come out of the problem that have occurred. In other words better way to solve the problem. 4.Create the alternatives: After finding the best process we also need to go for alternatives so that might be easy to solve the situation. Alternatives which could be easy and quick to solve the problem. 5. Define the values: Values against which to make tradeoffs. Values define your preferences among alternatives. They are your criteria. Values can be expressed by attributes. Attributes are characteristics of the outcomes that we find desirable or undesirable.

ANSWER 3:
Operating System is an integrated set of programs that controls the resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices, etc.) of a computer system and provides its users with an interface or virtual machine that is easier to use than the bare machine. The operating system is the core software component of your computer. The major functions of operating system are as:

1.Process management: Process management module take care of

creation and deletion of processes, scheduling of system resources to different processes requesting them and providing communication among processes.

2. Memory management: It takes care of allocation and de-allocation of

memory space to programs in need of this resource.

3.File/Storage management: It takes care of file-related activities such

as organizations,storage,retrieval,naming,sharing,and protection of files.

4.Command interpretation: Takes care of interpreting user commands,

and directing system resources to process the commands.

ANSWER 4: A language acceptable to a computer system is called computer language or programming language,and the process of writing instructions in such a language for is called programming or coding. The various types of programming languages are as: 1.C and C++ : C is an imperative (procedural) systems
implementation language. It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support. C++ is the new version of C.C++ contains all the basic elements of C language.
The code in C/C++ would be: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std;.

2. JAVA: Java is a language used for internet-based applications. Java

uses the concept of just-in-time compilation, in which Java programs are compiled into machine-independent byte-code, which is interpreted by the Java runtime system at program execution time.

3.C# : C# is an object-oriented programming languages. C# is

syntactically and semantically very close to C++ and various object-oriented features from both C++ and Java. C# is simple, modern, and object-oriented language.

4. COBOL: COBOL stands for Common Business Oriented Language.

COBOL applications deals with storing, retrieving and processing corporate

accounting information, and they automate such functions as inventory control, billing, and payroll.

5.FORTRAN: FORTRAN stands for Formula Translation. It is one of the

oldest high level languages. A FORTRAN language is oriented towards solving problems of a mathematical nature. For e.g.: C AREA OF A TRIANGLE - HERON'S FORMULA
C INPUT - CARD READER UNIT 5, INTEGER INPUT C OUTPUT - LINE PRINTER UNIT 6, REAL OUTPUT C INPUT ERROR DISPAY ERROR OUTPUT CODE 1 IN JOB CONTROL LISTING INTEGER A,B,C READ(5,501) A,B,C 501 FORMAT(3I5) IF(A.EQ.0 .OR. B.EQ.0 .OR. C.EQ.0) STOP 1 S = (A + B + C) / 2.0 AREA = SQRT( S * (S - A) * (S - B) * (S - C)) WRITE(6,601) A,B,C,AREA 601 FORMAT(4H A= ,I5,5H B= ,I5,5H C= ,I5,8H AREA= ,F10.2,12HSQUARE UNITS) STOP END