POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ENIGINEERING DEPARTMENT STA.

MESA, MANILA

EE 514 POWER SYSTEMS

UNDERGROUND CABLES

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UNDERGROUNDCABLES UNDERGROUND CABLES

UG Cables must have an adequate insulation to protect the conductor from contacting the ground or the cables external shield. Requirements: 1. The conductor must be stranded copper or aluminum l i 2. The insulation are some form of rubber, e.g., PVC 3. External protective covering which is often a y pp lead alloy sheath applied over the insulated cable.
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ELECTRICSTRESSINASINGLECORE CABLE
The cable must designed properly so that the electric field strength or maximum electric stress at the surface of the conductor does not exceed that required a break down the insulation. It has been found out that the optimal ratio p of the radius of the conductor is given by: R1 = e = 2 .718 R2
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ELECTRICSTRESSINASINGLECORE CABLE
r1 = e = 2 .718 r2

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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

Grading is the process of choosing and distributing the dielectric materials so as to minimize the difference between the maximum and minimum electric field strengths in the cable There are two types of grading: yp g g Capacitance grading Intersheath grading
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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

There are two types of grading: Capacitance grading I t h th grading Intersheath di In Capacitance grading, two or more layers of different dielectrics are used to insulate a cable.

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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

In Capacitance grading two or more layers grading, of different dielectrics are used to insulate a cable cable.

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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

For equal and maximum field strengths:

1 r2 = 2 r3
If Emax is the maximum allowable electric field , the operating voltage V of the cable is

r2 r1 V = E max r3 ln + r2 ln r3 r2

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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

There are two types of grading: Capacitance grading Intersheath grading In intersheath I i t h th grading, th cables contain di the bl t i several layers of a single dielectric material, material separated by coaxial metallic sheaths that are inserted into the dielectric and maintained at predetermined voltages.
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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

In intersheath grading, the cables contain several layers of a single dielectric material separated by coaxial metallic material, sheaths that are inserted into the dielectric and maintained at predetermined voltages.

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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

If the intersheath is kept at voltage V1, then at the surface of the conductor:

E 3 max

V V1 V V1 = = r2 r3 ln a r3 l ln r3
V1 V1 = = r r2 ln 1 r2 ln a r 2

At the surface of the intersheath, the maximum electric field is

E 2 max

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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

For the maximum electric fields to be the same at these two surfaces, we must have

a V1 = V 1+ a
Therefore,

E 3 max

V 1 = r3 ln a 1 + a

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GRADINGOFCABLES GRADING OF CABLES

Without the intersheath,

E 3 max =

Comparing

V V V = = 2 r3 ln a r1 r3 ln r3 r3 ln ar2 r 2 a

E 3 max ( with intesheath ) 2 = E 3 max ( without intesheath ) 1 + a

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CABLECAPACITANCE CABLE CAPACITANCE

Q C= = V 2 e , F/m r1 ln l r2

In finding the capacitance per phase, change the delta connected capacitances C2 to their equivalent wye form

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CABLECAPACITANCE CABLE CAPACITANCE

In finding the capacitance per phase, change the delta connected capacitances C2 to their equivalent wye form

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CABLECAPACITANCE CABLE CAPACITANCE

In finding the capacitance per phase, change the delta connected capacitances C2 to their equivalent wye form form. Therefore, the net capacitance per phase is, p p p

C n = C1 + 3C 2

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CABLEINDUCTANCE CABLE INDUCTANCE

The Inductance per unit length of a single conductor cable

0 r1 L= ln , H/ l H/m r2 2

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DIELECTRICLOSSANDHEATING DIELECTRIC LOSS AND HEATING

The heat is represented by the loss due to the resistance of conductor and sheath and dielectric loss of insulation currents. 2 2 In terms of loss angle ,

Therefore,
2

IR R tan t = = I C CV
2

V P=I R= R

P = CV tan CV

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EXAMPLE1 EXAMPLE 1
A 13.2kV single conductor cable has an outside diameter of 10.0cm. 10 0cm Determine the conductor radius and the electric field strength that must be withstood by the insulating material in the mist economical ratio.

r1 = 2 = 2 .718 r2 r2 r2 = 1 .84 cm E max 13 .2 10 3 = 1 .84 10 2 ln( 5 1 .84 ) = 717 .62 kV/m

10

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EXAMPLE2 EXAMPLE 2
R1=2.5cm, R3=0.92cm and R2=1.75cm. Find the maximum electric field for an opeining voltage of 13.2kV a. With capacitance grading b. Without capacitance grading

1 .75 2 .5 2 + 1 .75 ln a.)13 .2 10 3 = E max 0 .92 ln 10 0 .92 1 .75 E max = 1085 .80 kV/m b.) b ) E max 13 .2 10 3 = 1435 .3 kV/m = 2 0 .92 ln (2 .5 0 .92 ) 10
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EXAMPLE3 EXAMPLE 3
A single-core cable consisting of a 1cm diameter cable inside a 2.5cm diameter sheath, is 10km long and operates at 13.2kV and 60Hz. The relative permittivity of the dielectric sheath is 5, and the open circuit power factor of the cable is 0.08. calculate the capacitance of the cable and the charging current through the capacitance

= 0 r

2 0 r 2 8 .854 10 12 5 = C= 1000 = 3 .0357 F ln (r1 r2 ) ln (2 .5 1 .0 ) I chg = CV = 1 .51 A g

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EXAMPLE4 EXAMPLE 4
Refer to E3, determine the insulation resistance and dielectric loss.

= cos 1 0 .08 = 85 .40 tan = CR

tan 85 .40 R= = 10 .88 k 6 2 60 3 .0357 10 V2 Loss L dielectric = = 16 .01kW R

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