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DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 1 TO 3: Each question consists of four sentences on a topic. Some sentences are grammatically incorrect or inappropriate. Select the option that indicates the grammatically incorrect and inappropriate sentence(s). 1. A. What is excellence? C. The stars had come down to earth to applaud for the best. 1. Only B 2. B and C A. Ritu Sharma was a successful fashion designer. C. Although she was raking with money, she didnt care. 1. Only B 2. Only C A. B. C. D. 1. B. I wondered as I watched the celestial play by poolside. D. And the brightest amongst them take home the Oscars. 3. B and D 4. Only D B. She established a lucrative business in designing a decade ago. D. She rarely experienced the fulfillment she constantly craved for. 3. B and C 4. C & D

2.

3.

Marjorie Morris just wanted to pour coffee in a canister. What she found in the packet of her instant coffee left her very shell shocked. She found a corpse of a dead turtle in the 2 pounds pack of coffee. It could have been worse, she said. It could have been a snake. Only C 2. Only A and B 3. A, B and C

4. A, B, C & D

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 4 TO 6: Each of the following questions below has a sentence that has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way. 4. Under the changing economic environment, improved competitiveness, high quality and high safety farm products and co-operative marketing ___________ small producers and not cornered by large traders. 1. strategies are essential to modernization and garnered by 2. schemes are essential so that the gains of modernization are garnered by 3. strategies are essential so as to gain from modernization and garnered such that 4. schemes are of essence in order to make sure that the gains of modernization are not sold to While the Asians who have progressed over the years, ______________ to promote multicultural policies have been cornered by Asians. 1. believe that they did due to their hardworking, there was a strong feeling within the Afro-Caribbean communitarians that state funds. 2. believed they have done so because of their hard work, there has been strong feelings between the Afro-Caribbean community that state funds. 3. believe they have done so due to their hard work, there have been strong feelings among the Afro-Caribbean that stately funds. 4. believe they have done so due to their hard work, there is a strong feeling within the Afro-Caribbean community that state funds. A second robot craft, currently under development at the Marshall Space flight centre in Alabama, ______________ enough for human landings. 1. will then attempt a precision landing near the south pole to hunt for possible water sources and flat areas safe 2. has attempted a precision landing near the south pole hunting for possibility in water sources and flat areas safe 3. will have attempted a precise landing nearer the southern pole hunting possibly for water sources and flat areas safely 4. will not attempt any precision landscaping near the south pole to hunt for possible water sourcing and flat landscapes safely

5.

6.

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 7 TO 9: In each question, the word at the top of the table is used in four different ways, numbered 1 to 4. Choose the option in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate. 7. RALLY 1. The companys shares had rallied slightly by the close of trading. 3. The whole family rallied round when Mom was ill. 2. After a furious late rally, they finally scored. 4. Many national newspapers rallied on his support.

8.

RANGE 1. The whole family seemed ranged against him. 2. Spectators were ranged on the whole route of the procession. 3. He ranges far and wide in search of inspiration for his paintings. 4. The delegates ranged themselves around the table. RATE 1. I may not finish this semester but at any rate, I will be back next year. 2. The play was so substandard that it did not even rate a mention in the local newspaper. 3. Yellow Submarine is cruising at a rate of knot; a measure of just how far the club have come! 4. Roger Federer is currently rated number one in the world.

9.

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 10 & 11: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph. 10. A. B. C. D. E. 1. He is now posted in Bhopal. He also looked to expand the companys product portfolio to microwaves and CTVs. Rakesh took the market share in refrigerators from 14% in 2001 to 21% in 2004. His mandate: Grow the business. Previously, Rakesh worked with G & B for 4 and a half years heading its appliance division. CDEBA 2. ECBAD 3. DEACB

4. DECAB
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11. A. Fishermen probably would pay a premium for a chance of catching fish that fought longer and harder, one of them said. B. No one has tested these creatine rainbows against an actual angler. C. Actually, these experiments demonstrate that trout eating a 5 percent creatine diet can swim against the current far longer than fish that arent taking the supplement. D. But that has not prevented the researchers from leaping to an economic conclusion. E. After a yearlong experiment with rainbow trout, researchers at the University of Missouri have announced that feeding them creatine the body-building supplement can improve their fighting ability. 1. ECBDA 2. BECDA 3. AECBD 4. EBDAC DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 12 TO 20: The passage given below are followed by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. PASSAGE I Dark energy and dark matter, two of the greatest mysteries confronting physicists, may be two sides of the same coin. A new and as yet undiscovered kind of star could explain both phenomena and, in turn, remove black holes from the lexicon of cosmology. The audacious idea comes from George Chapline, a physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. Chapline suggested that the objects that till now have been thought of as black holes could in fact be dead stars that form as a result of an obscure quantum phenomenon. These stars could explain both dark energy and dark matter. This radical suggestion would get round some fundamental problems posed by the existence of black holes. One such problem arises from the idea that once matter crosses a black holes event horizon the point beyond which not even light can escape it will be destroyed by the spacetime singularity at the centre of the black hole. Because information about the matter is lost forever, this conflicts with the laws of quantum mechanics, which state that information can the matter is lost forever, this conflicts with the laws of a quantum mechanics, which state that information can never disappear from the universe. Another problem is that light from an object falling into a black hole is stretched so dramatically by the immense gravity there that observers outside will see time freeze: the object will appear to sit at the event horizon for ever. This freezing of time also violates quantum mechanics. While looking for ways to avoid these physical paradoxes, Chapline and Laughlin found some answers in an unrelated phenomenon: the bizarre behaviour of superconducting crystals as they go through something called quantum critical phase transition (New Scientist, 28 January, p 40). During this transition, the spin of the electons in the crystals is predicted to fluctuate wildly, but this prediction is not borne out by observation. Instead, the fluctuations appear to slow down, and even become still, as if time itself has slowed down. That was when we had our epiphany, Chapline says. he and Laughlin realized that if a quantum critical phase transition happened on the surface of a star, it would slow down time and the surface would behave just like a black holes event horizon. Quantum mechanics would not be violated because in this scenario time would never freeze entirely. We start with effects actually seen in the lab, which I think gives it more credibility than black holes, says Chapline. With this idea in mind, they analysed the collapse of massive stars in a way that did not allow any violation of quantum mechanics. Sure enough, in place of black holes their analysis predicts a phase transition that creates a thin quantum critical shell. The size of this shell is determined by the stars mass and, crucially, does not contain a space-time singularity. Instead, the shell contains a vacuum, just like the energy-containing vacuum of free space. As the stars mass collapses through the shell, it is converted to energy that contributes to the energy of the vacuum. The teams calculations show that the vacuum energy inside the shell has a powerful anti-gravity effect, just like the dark energy that appears to be causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate. Chapline has dubbed the objects produced this way dark energy stars. Though this antigravity effect might be expected to blow the stars shell apart, calculations by Francisco Lobo of the University of Lisbon in Portugal have shown that stable dark energy stars can exist for a number of different models of vacuum energy. Whats ore, these stable stars would have shells that lie near the region where a black holes event horizon would form (Classical Quantum Gravity, vol 23, p 1525). Dark energy stars and black holes would have identical external geometries, so it will be very difficult to tell them apart, Lobo says. All observations used as evidence for black holes their gravitational pull on objects and the formation of accretion discs of matter around them could also work as evidence for dark energy stars. The most intriguing fallout from this idea has to do with the strength of the vacuum energy inside the dark energy star. This energy is related to the stars size, and for a star as big as our universe the calculated vacuum energy inside its shell matches the value of dark energy seen in the universe today. Its like we are living inside a giant dark energy star, Chapline says. There is, of course, no explanation yet for how a universe-sized star could come into being. 12. What according to Chaplines studies can be inferred as the primary reason for Dark energy? 1. Gravitational pull of the Dark energy stars. 2. Vacuum energy of the Dark energy stars 3. Both 1 and 2 4. Cannot be determined 13. The primary objection to the existence of Black holes is that 1. it stretches the light falling on it to an extent that time seems to be frozen. 2. it causes the matter in its vicinity (event horizon) to disappear. 3. the laws of quantum mechanics are violated. 4. it does not explain the expansion of universe. 14. Which of the following is not true, according to the passage? 1. The disappearance of the matter in event horizon of a black hole is against the laws of quantum mechanics. 2. The freezing of time due to the dramatic stretching of light is against the laws of quantum mechanics. 3. The behavior of super conducting crystals during critical phase transition is almost as predicted. 4. The black holes have weaker proofs of existence than Dark energy stars.

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15. What is the reason for the shells not exploding under their own antigravity? 1. Vacuum energy 2. Space energy 3. Both 1 and 2 16. According to the passage 1. The dark energy stars behave in a similar as the black holes. 2. There is no evidence of the existence of the black holes. 3. Dark energy stars freeze time by stretching light in their vicinity. 4. Dark energy is responsible for disappearance of matter in the vicinity of the black hole. PASSAGE II This is an age of smart ideas. Ideas are potential assets. Creativity matters and sets a nation apart. Theres a new frenzy for reaching customers through newer modes of communications, including product placement in television programmes. The busiest shopping season in the USA has always been Thanksgiving through Christmas, but for businesses it is too risky to depend solely upon the holiday season for profitability, market share or even survival which has led advertising and marketing agencies to find creative ways of persuading buyers to open their wallets. A decline of even 1 percent in holiday sales ripples through every trailer park and leaves many people shivering in the cold. So shoppers are being offered unprecedented discounts on sales of all kinds of goods from cars to carpets to offset a bad holiday season, if it were to occur. Even the pharmaceutical industry, especially the prescription drug industry, has entered into the game of direct marketing. Any idea that brings the shopper to the mall and seduces her to fill up the shopping cart is an invaluable asset. The USA desperately seeks ideas that can make things happen, whether it is to catch Al-Qaida operatives; or to persuade the shopper to take out the credit card and spend whether she has the money or not in the bank. But how do you turn an idea into an innovation and bring it to the marketplace? I am your idea, said an Accenture blurb sometime ago. One day youll look for me and Ill be gone. Ideas are ephemeral unless you grab them and make them do something. Make ideas work by sharing with people who know how to turn them into innovations and tangible goods. Occasionally in social gatherings, someone would buttonhole me and say: India has some of the worlds brightest economists, why cant their ideas be turned into something that would speed up economic growth in India? At such moments I nod in wonderment. India is full of bright minds, indeed! And they would be returning to India especially with the introduction of dual citizenship, a brilliant idea that would generate unprecedented opportunities for investment in India. Besides, every time there is some discussion about Indias economic growth, naturally Chinas sustained economic growth of 8 10 per cent during the last two decades comes up for comparison. Two decades ago both the countries were struggling at the same level of poverty. But one day the Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping had a revelation: Capitalism is good, he mumbled after returning from a visit to the USA. Make money, not revolution. And the floodgates of entrepreneurial spirit opened up in China, even without political freedom. Keith Bradsher of The New York Times wrote sometime ago that China, by quickly converting much of its economy to an unfettered and even rapacious version of capitalism, has surged far ahead..China has high-speed freeways, modern airports and highly efficient ports that are helping it dominate a growing number of manufacturing industries. In a matter of years, China has become a manufacturing hub of the world, sucking most foreign direct investments. It looks like all ships are sailing to and fro from China. Chinas miracle is not based on any grandiose economic theory, but on a few simple ideas: Excellent law and order conditions; good transportation and communications facilities; and the courage to let the people make money. But this column is about ideas, how to take them from one field and make them work in another, for example, from the battlefield to the marketplace. Americans are good at this; for example, American advertisers are using Jean Pagets theory of child development, sensory experiences and visual stimulation to sell EZ Squirt Ketchup to grownups. Said Alissa Quart in Wired, Piaget is only the beginning. Just as the pharmaceutical industry steers medical research, marketing and advertising are beginning to guide the way scholars investigate brain functions, perception, and language. Consider, for example, cognitive science, a multidisciplinary area that includes psychology, neuroscience, sociology, and computer science. At the highest level, it is associated with the study of aritificial intelligence and autonomous systems, but at the market level its ideas are being increasingly used to study the psychology of acquisition and the science of material desire, for better marketing and placement of products, anything from toys and cereals to jeans. Whats wrong with that? Ask some professors who make a lot of money in consultations. Many of us do have qualms about turning the academia into a handmaid of the marketplace but in the USA various fields of intellectual endeavour are not sealed shut from each other. Ideas flow from one field to another and flourish wherever they find the best applications, whether it is the shopping cart or fighting terrorism. It is all about the psychology of desire that transforms an idea into an asset; turns driving a car into love and adventure; turns zeros and ones into an outsourcing industry. In the ultimate analysis, it is all about creativity, the third pillar of New Economics, the perpetual cycle of growth; the other two being venture capitalism that dares to turn the untried into wealth; and infrastructure that includes security and the rule of law. 17. What, according to the author, are Americans good at? 1. Generating innovative ideas that accelerate manufacturing processes 2. Successfully employing ideas from one field to another 3. Creativity and marketing 4. Venturing to turn the untried into wealth 18. According to the author, what helps an idea become an asset? 1. The third pillar of New Economics Creativity 3. Venturesome Capitalism
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2. An academia that is turned into a handmaid of the marketplace 4. A Natural and unsatisfied longing
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19. What differentiates Chinas growth from Indias? 1. Adoption of the entrepreneurial spirit. 3. The mandate: Make money, not revolution 2. A version of Capitalism more rapacious 4. Cannot be determined from the given passage

20. From which of the following reasons does the passage stem? 1. The unpredictability of the holiday season and the ensuing difficulty to base the businesses profits on it. 2. The need to be with the times drives nations towards the reigning field of a contemporary age. 3. The ephemerality of ideas and their materialization. 4. The urge to open the sealed gates of the fields of intellectual endeavour to other fields. Sub-section I-B: Number of Questions = 15 Note: Questions 21 to 35 carry two marks each. DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 21 & 22: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph. 21. A. However, the radio industry is now demanding a better deal and it is taking the war to the courts and to media. B. They play the entire song and kill demand. C. The music industrys rebuttal unlike mature markets, radio stations in India do not play, say, 50-60 per cent of the song, and create demand. D. The Times Group, incidentally, owns one of the largest radio brandsRadio Mirchi. E. Notice a stinging piece in The Times of India towards the end of April on how radio operators are bleeding because of competitive pressures and high royalties. 1. EDACB 2. EDCBA 3. EACBD 4. EADBC 22. A. Dodiya then went about creating a visual language that is his oeuvre today. B. Atul Dodiya, the tall bespectacled suburban Mumbai boy, had arrived as a grand sorcerer of concepts on the global art arena. C. Despite adopting the trendy multi-media idiom of installations, he is nonetheless deeply rooted in a native ethos and his works reflect local concerns, sometimes to the point of being topical in a newsy sense. D. What sets this soft-spoken art-maker apart from the rest of the globe is the quiet depth of his fecund imagination and the subtle affinities he conjures up, by juxtaposing seemingly contradictory and whimsical popular images in his understand yet layered work. E. Going well beyond plain picture-making, his art practice has today evolved into complex installations that include childhood memories, political comment, photography and more. 1. BACDE 2. ECBAD 3. BADCE 4. EBCAD DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 23 TO 25: Four alternative summaries are given below each text. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text. 23. Even though a good part of the world seems to aspire for development, the term itself is criticized by those who think it is too centered on Western countries. The term implies a direction and a movement that the countries must follow; it implies an inferiority of the developing countries. Developing countries are those which need to be sustained by foreign aid. The terms utilized when discussing developing countries refer to the intent and to the constructs of those who utilize these terms. Other terms sometimes used are lesser developed countries (LDCs), less economically developed countries (LEDCs), underdeveloped nations or undeveloped nations, Third World nations, the South and non-industrialized nations. Conversely, the opposite end of the spectrum is termed developed countries, more economically developed countries (MEDCs), First World nations and industrialized nations. 1. The term development has a western connotation to it and implies a set route that countries must accept. Development demarcates between the poor and the rich countries based on the foreign aid required. This forms the basis of the terms given to the underdeveloped countries indicating the status of the country. 2. The world aspires to develop but the meaning attached to the word development is ridden by controversy as it is a western concept that is expected to be adhered to by all and sundry. The term divides the world into inferior and superior world based on their financial status. Thus there are the LDCs, the LEDs, the industrialized nations and the MEDs that exist in this spectrum. 3. Development, a west-centric term, adumberates the line of thought and trend that all countries follow as also the inferiority of a segment of countries. The terminology used is dependent on the extent of foreign aid taken by the countries concerned. This forms the basis for the identifying which end of the spectrum a country belongs to and are accordingly termed as developing or developed countries. 4. The term development has been criticized for being west-centric where the developing countries are identified by the foreign aid needed for its sustenance. These countries have numerous terms used to connote their status depending on the intention and the constitution of the countries using them. The other end of the spectrum are broadly referred to as the developed countries. 24. Everything outside the mind that can be manipulated in any way, can be defined as data, if it consists of simple facts, or as information, if the data are embedded in a context of relevance to the recipient. Collections of messages, composed in various ways, may be considered as information resources of various kinds collections of papers in a journal, e-mail messages in an electronic folder, manuscript letters in an archive, or whatever. Generally, these are regarded as information resources. Thus, data and information may be managed, and information resources may be managed, but knowledge (i.e., what we know) can never be managed, except by the individual knower and, even then, only imperfectly. The fact is that we often do not know what we know: that we know something may only emerge when we need to employ the knowledge to accomplish something. Much of what we have learnt is apparently forgotten, but can emerge unexpectedly when needed, or even when not needed. In other words we seem to have very little control over what we know.
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1. 2. 3. 4. Data means simple facts whereas relevant embedded data is called information. Manageable information sources can be in the form of collection of papers in journals, e-mail messages, manuscripts etc. Confusion prevails regarding what constitutes knowledge even for the individual knower. Manageable information sources outside the mind are called data or information based on their relevance to the recipient. However, management of knowledge even by the knower of that knowledge is imperfect due to lack of control over it. Knowledge is unpredictable and can apparently be forgotted which means one cannot be confident about the knowledge gained through various information sources collected from the simple facts, e-mails etc. This shows that knowledge cannot be managed. We seem to have little control over what we know since we are unaware of the knowledge have to work in accordance with its unpredictable nature. As knowledge comprises data and information collected from everything outside the mind, it leads to uncertainty over the understanding of knowledge.

25. Pathological fears such as phobias can indeed be crippling and need to be treated by whatever means possible, including in the future even by genetic manipulation perhaps. But fear as a normal inbuilt reactive emotion, which is part of our varied range of responses to external stimuli, is basically beneficial to existence. Studies indicate that it has been shaped by evolution, stretching back to a time when early mammals had to survive and breed in an hostile environment dominated by predators, natural calamities and inter-necine territorial and sexual rivalry. This resulted in the development of appropriate and often automatic responses to hazardour situations, such as a fight-or-flight reaction, a keener sensory perception and faster data processing. 1. Fears are sometimes crippling in that they interfere with daily functioning. They are basically beneficial to existence and therefore have to be controlled. Even animals evolved in their fear and it assisted their survival inhazardous environments. They often use the fight-orflight mode of survival. 2. Studies indicate that phobias have been shaped by evolution, stretching back to a time when early mammals had to survive and breed in an hostile environment. This resulted in the development of appropriate and often automatic responses to hazardous situations, such as a fight-or-flight reaction. 3. Phobias have evolved from fears, which are normal and beneficial to survival. Studies reveal that fears have been shaped due to evolution from a time when mammals had to fight to survive. However, phobias can often be crippling. Therefore, it is imperative that they be treated by any possible means. 4. Pathological fears such as phobias can indeed be crippling and need to be treated by whatever means possible. Studies indicate that it has been shaped by evolution. This resulted in the development of appropriate and often automatic responses to hazardous situations. DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 26 TO 33: The passages given below are followed by a set of four questions. Choose the best answer to each question. PASSAGE I Memory construction is a phenomenon that has become intuitive to the experimental psychologist. In recent years, researchers have found that misleading postevent information can alter actual or reported memories of observed visual events (Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978; McCloskey & Zaragoza, 1985), particularly among young children (Ceci & Bruck, 1993) and adults under hypnosis (McConkey & Sheehan, 1995). Recent studies suggest that it is possible as well to implant false recollections of words in a list (Roediger & McDermott, 1995) and isolated childhood experiences-such as being lost in a shopping mall-that supposedly had been forgotten (Lotfus, 1993). Despite the apparent ease with which experimenters have been able to tinker with minor recollections of their subjects, this research did not, and indeed could not, prepare us for the kinds of wholesale manipulations of autobiographical memory de Rivera describes. The case studies he presents-of four form psychotherapy patients who recovered memories of prolonged child abuse only later to retract these memories-seem incredible, as do the mind-control narrative models he offers to explain these cases. As de Rivera himself admits: It is one thing to replace the image of a stop sign with that of a yield sign.yet quite another to have a person replace a purportedly happy childhood with a belief that he or she was systematically sexually abused by a previously adored parent. Surprising or not, a sufficient number of false memory syndrome (FMS) cases have been reported in recent years to shake even clinically minded skeptics prone to trust self-reports of abuse but distrust the retractions of these self-reports. Assuming that some unknowable percentage of FMS cases prove to be legitimate (i.e., where traumas initially reported but later retracted did not occur), psychologists should seek not only to validate each diagnosis, but to identify the social influence processes by which these extreme, heart-wrentching, and self-destructive memories were even constructed in the first place. De Riveras case studies and conceptual analysis provide valuable insights toward this end. De Rivera proposes two explanations, not mutually exclusive, for the therapy-induced creation of false memories. One is a mind-control model in which the therapist overwhelms his or her patient by making an abuse diagnosis and then supports that assessment by manipulating the patients informational and emotional state. This heavy-handed type of influence closely resembles the thought-reform or brainwashing techniques previously seen in Korean War prison camps and certain religious cults. In the alternative narrative model, the patient primarily leads the therapist, creating a trauma story from the past as a way to understand or lay blame for his or her unhappy current state. To evaluate these two models, de Rivera interviewed four FMS victims, or retractors, concerning their backgrounds, the memory-induction process they underwent, and their retractions. Using the method of conceptual encounter, de Rivera described the two possible models to each respondent, and together they tried to conceptualize her experience within these frameworks. On a methodological level, this study is flawed in some important ways. First, the sample is small, and we have no basis for accepting de Riveras belief that it appears representative. Second, de Rivera himself conducted the interviews, a procedure that paves the way for the intrusion of experimenter expectancy effects. Third, all the data concerning the critical induction process were obtained from the retractors themselves-research partners with a prior record of deception and with self-justificatory motives that might systematically have corrupted their self-reports. There are two sides to every story, of course, and studies have shown that actors and observers clearly differ in the causal attributions they make (Jones & Nisbett, 1971; Watson, 1982). Thus, one can only speculate about the way the therapists involved in these cases would have depicted the same events.
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In light of the foregoing limitations, a result favoring one model over the other should be accepted with caution. In fact, however, de Rivera finds that neither model completely fits the experience of all four retractors and that both perspective on FMS are necessary for understanding the processes at work. Clearly, aspects of the stories told by Ann, Cath, and Doris conform to the mind-control model. Yet just as clearly, the stories told by Beth and Doris suggest a more-narrative account. Thus: Relatively normal persons from relatively functional families may develop FMS either through the mind control of a therapist pursuing a personal agenda or through a process of narrative construction abetted by a therapist who ignores the defensive position established by the narrative. Doubtless there are critics of FMS who will balk at the notion that therapists can exert the kind of power de Rivera describes, particularly in his mind-control model. Unfortunately, in this regard, the debate between advocates and critics of so-called recovery therapies seems hopelessly mired in political, cultural, and ideological differences (see Nathan & Snedeker, 1995) and is confounded with broader related concerns about the efficacy of psychotherapy. 26. Riveras results. 1. Can be accurate, for the sample is large enough to give accurate results. 2. Cant be accurate because he may be coming up with results which he personally expects 3. Cant be accurate because there is high uncertainly involved in the cases of false memory and nothing can be incontestable. 4. Can be accurate because there are a huge number of cases of FMS, and also for the ease with which psychologist can tinker with the subjects memory. 27. The passage suggests that.. 1. A patient can also lead the therapist while forming false memories. 2. Experimenter can influence the patients memory or recollections, though not strongly. 3. The number of FMS cases is too few to be taken significantly. 4. Riveras subjects though small in number are reliable in the attributions they make. 28. According to the passage. 1. The experimenters are more or less dispassionate while treating a subject. 2. Some skeptics trust self-reports of abuse but distrust its retractions. 3. Riveras experiments are inaccurate because the results are highly incredible. 4. Riveras experiments involve high number of subjects who are not retractors. 29. Which of the following is true? 1. Riveras research is carried out not only on retractors but also on subjects who have not denied their earlier claims of abuse. 2. Subjects can be brainwashed into believing that they had a woeful past. 3. Rivera suggests that therapists cant control his subjects memory. 4. None of the above. PASSAGE II Seven hundred and forty centuries ago, give or take a few, the skies darkened and the Earth caught a cold. Toba, a volcano in Sumatra, had exploded with the sort of eruptive force that convulses the planet only once every few million years. The skies stayed dark for six years, so much dust did the eruption throw into the atmosphere. It was a dismal time to be alive and, if Stanley Ambrose of the University of Illinois is right, the chances were you would be dead soon. In particular, the population of one species, known to modern science as Homo sapiens, plummeted to perhaps 2,000 individuals. The proverbial Martian, looking at that darkened Earth, would probably have given long odds against these peculiar apes making much impact on the future. True, they had mastered the art of tool-making, but so had several of their contemporaries. True, too, their curious grunts allowed them to collaborate in surprisingly sophisticated ways. But those advantages came at a huge price, for their brains were voracious consumers of energya mere 2% of the bodys tissue absorbing 20% of its food intake. An interesting evolutionary experiment, then, but surely a blind alley. This survey will attempt to explain why that mythical Martian would have been wrong. It will ask how these apes not only survived but prospered, until the time came when one of them could weave together strands of evidence from fields as disparate as geology and genetics, and conclude that his ancestors had gone through a genetic bottleneck caused by a geological catastrophe. Not all of his contemporaries agree with Dr Ambrose about Tobas effect on humanity. The eruption certainly happened, but there is less consensus about his suggestion that it helped form the basis for what are now known as humanitys racial divisions, by breaking Homo sapiens into small groups whose random physical quirks were preserved in different places. The idea is not, however, absurd. It is based on a piece of evolutionary theory called the founder effect, which shows how the isolation of small populations from larger ones can accelerate evolutionary change, because a small populations average characteristics are likely to differ from those of the larger group from which it is drawn. Like much evolutionary theory, this is just applied common sense. But only recently has such common sense been applied systematically to areas of anthropology that have traditionally ignored it and sometimes resisted it. The result, when combined with new techniques of genetic analysis, has been a revolution in the understanding of humanitys past. And anthropology is not the only human science to have been infused with evolutionary theory. Psychology, too, is undergoing a makeover and the result is a second revolution, this time in the understanding of humanitys present. Such understanding has been of two types, which often get confused. One is the realization that many human activities, not all of them savoury, happen for exactly the same reasons as in other species. For example,, altruistic behaviour towards relatives, infidelity, rape and murder are all widespread in the animal kingdom. All have their own evolutionary logic. No one argues that they are anything other than evolutionarily driven in species other than man. Yet it would be extraordinary if
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they were not so driven in man, because it would mean that natural selection had somehow contrived to wipe out their genetic underpinnings, only for them to re-emerge as culturally determined phenomena. Understanding this shared evolutionary history with other species is important; much foolishness has flowed from its denial. But what is far more intriguing is the progress made in understanding what makes humanity different from other species: friendship with non-relatives; the ability to conceive of what others are thinking, and act accordingly; the creation of an almost unimaginably diverse range of artifacts, some useful, some merely decorative; and perhaps most importantly, the use of language, which allows collaboration on a scale denied to other creatures. There are, of course, gaps in both sets of explanations. And this field of research being a self-examination, there are also many controversies, not all driven by strictly scientific motives. But the outlines of a science of human evolution that can explain humanitys success, and also its continuing failings, are now in place. It is just a question of filling in the canvasor the cave wall. 30. In outlining Dr. Ambroses science of Human evolution the author has touched upon all these areas except 1. Tobas eruption as the basis for humanitys racial divisions. 2. Systematic application of common sense to anthropology. 3. Analogous reasons for activities in Homo sapiens and other species. 4. existing gaps in the understanding of the evolutionary theory. 31. The tone of the first paragraph of the passage can be termed as 1. Anecdotal 2. Dramatic 32. An apt title to the passage could be 1. The proper study of mankind 2. Martians proved wrong 3. Toba, the initiator 3. Intimidating 4. Factual

4. A new beginning to evolution

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 33 & 35: Each of the following questions has a paragraph with one italicized word that does not make sense. Choose the most appropriate replacement for that word from the options given below the paragraph. 33. Why is this, my favourite adventure? The greatest rewards are the risks overcome by personal endurance. To win at chance or by innate skill requires little parcher, but to succeed where the only requirement is will-power is deeply satisfying. 1. luck 2. fervor 3. fortitude 4. buoyancy 35. I was wedged into a wetsuit with numbers written on my ankle, trying to recall the wisdom of the adage, The unexamined life is not worth living. Seven hundred of us blimed our way down to the waters edge; I was about to start a triathlon. 1. oiled 2. slogged 3. milled 4. battled Solution / Elite Batch/English Test-2
1. 2 In B, the article the is missing. In C, the usage applaud for is incorrect. Such a usage is correct only in the case of something i.e., Applaud for something (I applaud her for having the courage to refuse) and not someone. In the given sentence, the correct usage would be applaud the best because The best refers to someone. In sentence C, the usage ranking with is incorrect. Ranking in which means earn a lot of money, especially when it is done easily is the appropriate usage. Also the usage craved for is incorrect. The correct usage is to crave which means to long for. In A, the preposition should be into and not in to denote inside the canister. In B, the use of a hyphen between the world shell shocked is imperative because shell shocked is one word. In C, 2 pound pack is the correct usage. Option 3 is not semantically accurate. Option 4 is not accurate since the gains of modernization cannot be sold. Options 1 does not fit because the given sentence being the passive voice there should be a helping verb are garnered by. Therefore the only option that fits logically and semantically is option .2 In options 1 the error lies in the use of the words their hardworking and communitarians which are incorrect usages in themselves. Option 2 is incorrect because of the phrasing, there has been strong feelings which should be there have been, and also, in the use of the word between which should be within. In option 3 the error lies in the use of the words, among the Afro Caribbean as well as the use of the word stately . The word state here refers to the an organized political community forming part of a country, but stately means impressive in size, appearance or manner which is incorrect in the given context. Therefore, the only correct option is 4. The two indicators in the sentence are the tense of the sentence that can be based on the words currently under development and the use of an adjective that should precede enough for human landings. Option 2 can be eliminated on the grounds of incorrect tense; if something is currently under development then we cannot say has attempted. Option 3 and 4 are incorrect because they use the adverb safely in place of the adjective safe. The adjective form is correct because we refer to the water resources and flat areas (nouns) and describe how they should be . The correct usage of the phrase would be rallied to, which in this context means bring people together to support. The correct phrase to be used is ranged along, which means arranged in a particular position. The correct usage is rate of knots which means very quickly. The paragraph elaborates on the mandate i.e. the task assigned to Rakesh by his Company. This mandate has been specified in statement D. Statement E tells us how he has in the past as well as in the present abided by the given mandate. Option 4 is the correct one due to the clear link in E and C. E and C can be essentially clubbed. E informs about an experiment conducted on a rainbow trout. C gives details about the same but by way of comparison. An indicator as well can be traced these experiments which relates to the same experiments mentioned in E. B contradicts the results of the experiment by stating that the rainbow have not been tested against actual anglers i.e. a person who catches fish as a hobby. However, statement D says that inspite of the aforementioned fact that has not been dealt with by the researchers, a conclusion regarding the financial aspect can still be stated. This same is further discussed in statement A. From the fifth line of the last paragraph and also from the second last paragraph (where vacuum energy is mentioned) we can conclude that vacuum energy of the stars is the reason for dark energy. 7 | Hazratganj: 4032732

2. 3. 4. 5.

4 3 2 4

6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

4 2 3 4 1

12.

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13. 3 From the third paragraph fifth line and the fourth paragraph last line. Though options 1 and 2 are objections to the existence of black holes, the two options in themselves are not comprehensive unlike option 3 which is the answer. It states the primary objection violation of quantum mechanics which arises out of the facts that are mentioned above. Option 4 is not related because it is basically the dark energy and not black holes that explain the expansion of the universe. Hence it is not even related. From fifth paragraph fourth line we conclude that third statement is false. Option 1, 2 and 4 can be inferred from the passage. However option 3 is incorrect because it misinterprets the sentence During this transition, the spin of the electrons in the crystals is predicted to fluctuate wildly, but his prediction is not borne out by observation. Since nothing is mentioned to be reason for shells not exploding under their own gravity, we cannot answer the related question. The fifth paragraphs first three lines suggest that dark energy stars behave just like black holes without the violation of quantum mechanics. The following line from the passage helps us trace this answer. The sentence is But this column is about ideas, how to take them from one field and make them work in another, for example, from the battlefield to the marketplace. Americans are goods at this. The sentence It is all about the psychology of desire that transforms an idea into an asset; . From the last paragraph of the passage makes a mention of this answer. The passage simply cities that the movement there surface a discussion about Indias economic growth there ensure a comparison with Chinas sustained economic growth during the last two decades. The aspect that differentiates Chinas growth from the India s has not been even touched upon. Hence none of the above options are correct. The passage starts by mentioning that the present age is the age of smart ideas and these ideas are potential assets. But ideas area also ephemeral and hence they need to be grabbed and materialized. Hence we can say that the entire discussion stems from ephemerality of ideas and their materialization. The passage is a war between the radio industry and the music industry. Statement E introduce the subject of the debate competitive pressures and high royalties between the two. Statement A elaborates the radio industrys line of action to improve on the situation. Statement C provides us with the Music industrys take on the matter which is continued in the Statement B. Statement D is a fitting end as it tells us why The Times of India has published a stinging piece on the matter. A sequence with respect to time, from the past to the present, can be traced in the given paragraph. Hence the paragraph begins with statement B Atul Dodiya, . had arrived .. Statement A then follows because the words Dodiya then went about . Denote a successive action./ event. Statement D and C shall be clubbed in the sequence D C because D tells what makes Dodiya stand out on the global scenario amongst other artists, whereas C tells how in spite of being so, he is deeply rooted in a native ethos and local concerns. Statement E stands as the concluding statement because it draws the paragraph towards the present status of Dodiyas art. The main points in the summary should include: i.). criticism of development as a western concept. ii) defining developing countries by the foreign aid required for sustenance iii) and the other end of the spectrum. These points have been well covered in option 4. option 1 does not talk about the reason for the foreign exchange. Option 2 includes examples which are not required. Option 3 is not very specific and leaves out the point of sustenance as defining the developing countries. The central idea being discussed in the paragraph is the management of data, information and knowledge. This has been summarized in the 2nd option. Option 3 does not speak about data or information and so is incomplete. Option 4 change the meaning of the paragraph as it is nowhere stated as knowledge comprises data and information collected from everything outside the mind, it leads to uncertainly over the understanding of knowledge. Option 1 includes examples which are not an essential part of a summary. Option 1 is incorrect because it mentions, interfere with daily functioning, a point the passage does not speak about. Option 2 elaborates those points which could otherwise be omitted. Option 3 is incorrect because it says that phobias evolve from fears which is wrong. Rather phobias are fears and vice- versa. Option 4 best outlines the given passage without giving unnecessary details. Sixth line of the fifth paragraph suggests that second option is the correct answer. Options 1 and 2 are totally wrong and in third the reason given is incorrect. Option 3 and 4 are totally incorrect. Option 2 is close but it is incorrect because the experimenter can influence the patients memory very strongly. Only option 1 is correct and is implied in the sixth line of the fifth paragraph. From the first few lines of the fourth paragraph we can conclude that option 2is the correct option. Options 1 and 3 are contrary to what is mentioned in the paragraph and option four is not even mentioned in the passage. From the first few lines of the fourth paragraph we can con clued that option 2 is the correct answer. Options 1 and 3 are contrary to what is mentioned in the passage and option 4 is irrelevant. The questions asks about the areas that have not been touched upon (mentioned but not detailed) by the author in relation to Dr. Ambroses science of human evolution Except 4, all the other options have been considered in relation to Ambroses theory of human evolution. Option 4 is the authors opinion and a conclusion that tells how and why there still exist controversies over this theory. Dramatic means exaggerated in order to create a special effect and attract peoples attention. The event occurred seven hundred and forty centuries ago, the skies remained dark for a span of six years, etc. .The 1st paragraph makes it an enticing piece to read because of its striking vividness. Anecdotal reflects a short biographical account making this an incorrect option. Factual also means based on or containing facts but it is not as appropriate as dramatic as the purpose of the first paragraph is to excite interest in the readers mind about the topic and not just state facts. Though the 5 th line suggests intimidating, the entire paragraph has a more dramatic tone. This title is most appropriate considering the scope and content of the passage: Proper study of mankind. Option 2 and 3 are referred to in the paragraph but not reflect the central idea. Option 4 interprets the passage wrongly. The given passage examines the theories related to evolution and proposes to look for the best possible method which is not the same as a new beginning to evolution. The passage ends on the note There are, of course, gaps in both sets of explanations. And this field of research being a self- examination, there are also many controversies .. This shows the unbiased attitude of the author. Hence non- partisanship which means the same is the correct option. The clue in the paragraph lies in the sentence: The greatest rewards are the risks overcome by personal endurance. The paragraph implies that fortitude which is the strength of mind that allows one to endure pain or adversity with courage and is therefore deeply satisfying. The word wedged in the sentence implies to crowd or squeeze into a limited space. The 2 nd clue is the number of people participating in the triathlon which again suggest a crowd. The word milled is used to suggest moving around in a confused manner especially when in a crowd.

14.

15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

4 1 2 4 4

20. 21.

3 3

22.

23.

24.

25.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

2 1 2 2 4

31.

32.

33. 34. 35.

3 3 3

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