Introduction

Background Study: The group chose pneumonia as our case to be study out of curiosity this is our first time to encounter this kind of case and because of that, our group was in interested in it. We are willing to do this case to challenge our mind in analyzing the problem and to enhance our hidden knowledge, and also to gain new experiences which would bring new learnings for the member of the group.

Significance of the study

This case study will help in understanding the disease process of the patient. This would also help in identifying the primary needs of the patient with pneumonia. By identifying such needs and health problems arise the group can now formulate an individualized care plan for the patient that the problems identified with help the patient to recover faster and maintain a holistic sense of wellness seen while in the hospital. This case study would also equip the group with knowledge, skills, and attitude on how to manage future patient with the same or similar disease

Scope and Limitations This case study was conducted tondo Medical center in tondo manila to a 9 months old pneumonia patient in cooperation OF THE PATIENT mother.

Goal After this case study, we will be able to know what pneumonia is, causes of pneumonia, how it is acquired and prevented. Its prevented and treatments of the occurrence of pneumonia. Objectives Define what is pneumonia Trace the pathophysiology of pneumonia Enumerate the different signs and symptoms of pneumonia

Formulate and apply nursing care plans utilizing the nursing process To learn new clinical skills as well as sharpen our current clinical skills required in the management of the patient with pneumonia To develop our sense of unselfish Overview of Disease Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the lung. Frequently, it is described as lung parenchyma/alveolar Inflammation and abnormal alveolar filing with fluid (consolidation and exudation). The aleoli are microscopic air-filled sacs in the lungs responsible for absorbing for oxygen. Pneumonia can result from a of causes, including infection with bacteria, iruses, fungi, or parasites and chemical or physical injury to the lungs. Its cause may also be officially described as idiopathic that is, unknown when infectious causes has been excluded. Typical symptoms associated with pneumonia included cough, chest pain, feer and difficulty in breathing. Diagnostics tools include x-rays and examination of the sputum. Treatments depends on the cause of pneumonia ; bacteria pneumonia is treated with antibiotics. Pneumonia is a common illness which occurs in all age groups, and is a leading cause of death among the elderly and people who are chronically and terminally ill. Additionally, it is the leading Cause of the death in children under five years old worldwide. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. The prognosis depends on the type of pneumonia, the appropriate treatment, any complications and the persons underlying health. Signs and Symptoms Elevated feer Productive or non-productive harsh cough Shallow respiration Restlessness Cyanosis Diminished/adventitious breath sounds Nasal flaring

Anatomy of the affected system

Physiology of the affected system The respiratory system is an intricate arrangement of spaces and passageways that conduct air from outside the body into the lungs and finally into the blood as well as expelling waste gasses. This system is responsible for the mechanical process called breathing with the average adult breathing about 12 to 20 times per minute. When engaged in strenuous activities the rate and depth of breathing increases in order to handle the increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the blood. Breathing is typically an involuntary process, but can be consciously stimulated or inhibited as in holding your breath. Nostrils/Nasal cavities During inhalation air enters the nostrils and passes into the nasal cavities where foreign bodies are removed, the air is heated and moisturized before it is brought further into the body. It is this part of the body that houses our sense of smell. Sinuses The sinuses are small cavities that are lined with mucous membrane within the bones og the skull. Pharynx The pharynx or throat carries foods and liquids into the digestive tract and also carries air into the respiratory tract. Larynx The larynx or voice box is located between the pharynx and trachea. It is the location of the Adams apple, which in reality is the thyroid gland and houses the local cords. Trachea The trachea or windpipe is a tube that extends from the lower edge of the larynx to the upper part of the chest and conducts air between the larynx and the lungs. Lungs The lungs are the organ in which the exchange of gasses takes place. The lungs are made up of extremely thin and delicate tissues. At the lungs the bronchi becoming smaller as they branch through the lung tissue, until they reach the tiny air sacks of the lungs called the aleoli. It is at the aleoli that gasses enter and lease the blood stream. Bronchi The trachea divides into two parts called the bronchi which enter the lungs

Bronchioles The bronchi subdivide creating a network of smaller branches, with the smallest one being the bronchioles. There are more than one million bronchioles in each lung. Aleoli The aleoli are tiny air sacks that are develop in a network of capilliaries. It is here that the air we breath is diffused into the blood and waste gasses are returned for elimination. II. Biographic Data Name: Address: Birthdate: Age: Civil Status: Occupation: Educational Attainment:

III. Nursing Health History A. Past health history Upon interview with patients mother was asked about past history illness other son she tols us that the person had feer, cough and colds and dyspepsia. The patient immunization was not yet completed, measles vaccine because patient Sj was only 8 months old. According to the patients mother she gave medication of paracetamol and carbocistein when her son is ill.

B. Present health history Prior to admission the patients mother told us that patient was experiencing cough and cold since September 8, 2009 and since September 10.2009 she observed that the patient chest expansion has more effort and she think that the patient experiencing difficulty of breathing

The patients mother also told us that she think patient SJ get illness because she always bath her son early in the morning. September 11,2009 at 5:00 in the afternoon, patient SJ was admitted in the pedia ward a chief complaint of cough and cold and difficulty in breathing. C. Chief complaint Cough and cold and difficulty of breathing D. Family health history There is an history of illness in the immediate family. The brother of Patient SJ grandfather in the side of his mother had a pneumonia and his tito, tita and grandfather in the side of his father had the history of hypertension.