V DD

16

14

PHASE
COMPARATOR I
COMPARATOR
IN

2 PHASE COMP I OUT

3

13

PHASE

1 PHASE COMP II OUT

PHASE PULSES

COMPARATOR II
4

R3

VCO OUT
6
VCO IN

C1

9
7

VCO

R1

DEMODULATOR
11

V ss

SOURCE

R2
12

V ss

10

OUT

FOLLOWER

V ss
Rs

INHIBIT

V ss

15

V ss

ZENER

8051

A/D D/A
89C51 EEPROM


-
OP
OP
()

A/D D/A

()

..........................................................................................................I
..........................................................................................................1

8051 ....................................................2

........................................................................10

A/D D/A ...............................................14

89C51 EEPROM ..............................20

................................................26

....................................................30

-...................................................35

OP ..................................................................40

OP ..................................................................43

()..........................47

................................................................51
A/D D/A ..............................................60

()..........................66


(Processor)

: ;

8051

//

 8051

(1)

(I/O Port)

(CPU)

(Memory)

1-1

1. (CPU)
central processing unit CPU
CPU
(bit) 4 8 16 32

2. (Memory)

(a) ROM(read only memory)ROM

ROM
Mask ROM MROM
2

(b) EPROM(erasable programmable read only memory)EPROM

(c) Flash MemoryFlash Memory

(d) RAM(random access memory)RAM CPU

ROMEPROM Flash Memory

RAM

3. (I/O Port)
(input port)(output
port) CPU
I/O Port

(2)
(single chip microcomputer)
(microcontroller)

IC

 CPUI/O
A/D D/A

IC
Intel MCS (micro computer system)

(3)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

MCS-51
(1) MCS-51
(ROMEPROM or Flash Memory)
(RAM)
8 CPU
/(16 )
I/O(32 )

1-2

MCS-51
4

MCS-51 1-2

1. 12
18 19 12MHz
12MHz 12=1MHz 1 (1s )
8051
2. 0 1 2
1 0 1 2 1
(2) MCS-51
1. MCS-51

1-3

MCS-51
5

2. MCS-51
Vss
(i) 20
(ii)
Vcc
(i) 40
(ii)5V
XTAL1 XTAL2
(i) 19 18
(ii) 35MHz12MHz (crystal) 1-4

1-4

(clock)
RESET
(i) 9
(ii) 50k300k

Vcc on RESET
8.2k 10k

1-5
EA

(i) 31
(ii) EA

P0.0P0.7
(i) 3239
(ii)8

Port 0 P0

(iii)
(iv) I

O P0.0P0.7

(v) 1

P1.0P1.7
(i) 1 8
(ii)8

Port 1 P1

(iii)
(iv) 1
P2.0P2.7
(i) 21 28
(ii)8

Port 1 P2

(iii)
(iv) 1
P3.0P3.7
(i) 10 17
(ii)8

Port 1 P3

(iii)
(iv) 1
ALE
(i) 30 (address latch enable)
PSEN
(i) 29 (program store enable)

(3) MCS-51
MCS-51

START MOV

R1,#07H

; 7 R1

1.

()

2.
MOV
3.

4.
()

(4) MCS-51 89C51

1. 8051

8951

2. 8051

8951

3. http://designer.mech.yzu.edu.tw/
9



1.
2.

1. 89C51 1
2.

LED 8

3. 3308 10k1
4. 10F1 30pF2
5. 12MHz1
6. 1

+5V

+5V
7416
Vcc

330

P1.0
P1.1

EA
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7

10uF/10V
+5V

RST

P2.7
P2.6

10K

P2.5
Vss

P2.4
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1

30pF
X1

RD

12M Hz
X2
30pF

P2.0

WR
INT0

2-1
10


1.

R1=7

R1=7

A=11111110B

A=01111111B

A P1

A P1

0.1

0.1

A
1

A
1

R1=R1-1

R1=R1-1

R1=0

R1=0

2-2
11

2.
;

============================

==

============================

START
LEFT

==

ORG

0000H

; 0000H

MOV

R1,#07H

; 7 R1

MOV

A,#11111110B

; 11111110 A

MOV

P1,A

; A port1

ACALL DELAY

RL

; A 1

DJNZ

R1,LEFT

; R1 1
;
; LEFT

RIGHT

MOV

R1,#07H

; 7 R1

MOV

A,#01111111B

; 01111111 A

MOV

P1,A

; A PORT1

ACALL DELAY

RR

; A 1

DJNZ

R1,RIGHT

; R1 1
;
; RIGHT

AJMP

START

============================

==

============================

==

DELAY

MOV

R6,#250

; 250 R6

DL1

MOV

R7,#200

; 200 R7

DL2

DJNZ

R7,DL2

; R7 1
;
; DL2

DJNZ

R6,DL1

; R6 1
;
; DL1

RET

; RET

END

12


1.
2. .HEX
3. 89C51
4. 89C51
5. 5V LED
14 +5V
89C51

LED

1. LED LED

2.
MOV1 DJNZ2 RET2
3. LED

1. 8051

8951

2. 8051

8951

3. http://designer.mech.yzu.edu.tw/
13

 A/D D/A

D/A(Digital to Analog) D/A(Analog to Digital)

1. 89C51 1
2.1
3.1
4.DAC08081
5.ADC08041
6.LED 1
7.OP(UA741)1
8.

5K3 10 K

100 K2

10 K

9.150pF2

1. DAC(Digital to Analog Converter) ADC(Analog to Digital Converter)

(0 1 )(
)

(DAC)(ADC)
14

3-1
2. ()()
3-1

0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111

0
0.3125
0.6250
0.9375
1.25
1.5625
1.875
2.1875
2.5
2.8125
3.125
3.4375
3.75
4.0625
4.375
4.6875

D/A
DAC 5V 2 4 = 16
5 16 = 0.3125 1

15

 0.3125V0.3125V
8
256 5 2 8 = 0.02

A/D D/A
3-2

()

4
6
8
10
12
14
16

1/16
1/64
1/256
1/1024
1/4096
1/16384
1/65536

0.31250V
0.07813V
0.01953V
0.00488V
0.00122V
0.00031V
0.00007V

(1) A/D
1. 89C51 ADC
2.
3. 89C51
4.
5. ADC Vin
6. LED 3-3
7. Vin
16

+5V
+5V
180

7416
Vcc

P1.0
P1.1

EA
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
1
10uF/10V
+5V

RST
8.2K
Vss

20pF
X1
12MHz
X2
20pF

P2.7

11

P2.6

12

P2.5

13

P2.4

14

P2.3

15

P2.2

16

P2.1

17

P2.0

18

RD

WR

INT0

+5V

CS

DB7

Vcc

20

DB6
DB5
CLKR
DB4
CLKIN

19

10K

150PF

DB3
DB2

ADC0804

DB1

A GND

DB0

D GND

RD
Vin (+)

8
10

+5V
10K

WR
Vin (-)
INTR
100K

Vref/2
9
100K

3-2
(2) D/A
1. ADC LED
2. DAC
3. ADC DAC

Note: 89C51

17

+5V
+5V
13
Vcc

12 A8

P1.0
P1.1

11 A7

P1.2

10 A6

EA

P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
89C51

P1.6
P1.7

Vref (+)

A4

A3

A2

A1

16

+5V

RST

DAC0808

R2

NC

5K

R3
I out

P2.7

3
Vee

P2.5
Vss

5K

GND

COMP

P2.6

8.2K

+ 5V

15

4
10uF/10V

R1

5K

Vref (-)

A5

14

6
uA741

V0

3
uA741
7 (+12V)
4 (-12V)

P2.4
P2.3

150 pF

P2.2
P2.1
20pf
X1

P2.0
RD

12MHz
X2
20pf

-5V

WR
INT0

3-3

;---------------------------------------------;
A/D
;---------------------------------------------ORG 0000H
;;;; START A/D CONVERTION ;;;;
START:
CLR P3.6
CLR P3.7
SETB P3.6

; A/D WR=0
; A/D RD=0
; A/D WR=1

WAIT:

JB P3.2,WAIT

; A/D INTR=0

MOV A,P2
MOV P1,A
SETB P3.7
AJMP START

; P2 A
; LED D/A
; RD=1

END

18


3-3
V

A/D

()

3-4

D/A

1. A/D D/A ( 3-4)

1. MCS-51 IO

19

 89C51 EEPROM

1. 89C51 EEPROM
2. ROM
3. EEPROM

1. 89C51 1
2. EEPROM (X2816C)1
3. D (74LS373)1
4. LED 1()
5. 8.2K1
6. 30pF2 10uF/10V1
7. 12MHz1
8. Switch 1

1. 4-1 SW 2816A P1
2. SW 2816A P1
SW 2816A 2816A
P1
3. 2816A
20

2816A P1
+5V
+5V
180

7416
Vcc

EA

P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7

10uF/10V

X2816C

+5V

RST
ALE

P2.2

A7
.
.
A0
D7
.
.
D0
A10

P2.1

A9

P2.0

A8

RD

OE

WR

WE

8.2K

Vss

20pF

74LS373
G
OE
8D
8Q
.
.
.
.
1D
1Q

P0.7
.
.
P0.0

X1
12MHz

Vcc

X2
20pF

5V

GND
CE

INT0

4-1 8051

(1)
(Non-Volatile)(Vlatile)
(Read Only Memory
ROM)

(Random Access MemoryRAM)

21


(2) ROM
1. ROM (Mask Rom) ROM
ROM
() IC

23** 8051CPU ROM

MASK ROM
2. ROM(Programmable RomPROM)
ROM(One Time PROMOTPROM)

IC 1 0
25**
One Time Program 87C51
3. ROM(Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory;EPROM)
EPROM PROM
EPROM
1
0

22


0
15 EPROM 27**
EPROM
EPROM EPROM 87C51
4. ROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
EEPROM)
EPROM
Intel 28F001 128K 8 Flash ROM
ATMEL AT89C51
(3) ROM
4-2 ROM
( CS CE )
( OE )(Vpp/PGM)(GND)
ROM

Vpp PGM

CS .

OE

GND

4-2

ROM

23

(4) EEPROM
4-3 X2816C 16KByte 11
(A0~A10) 8 (00~07)
1. (Chip Enable CE )

2. (Output Enable OE )
OE =0 00~03
CE OE 0

4-3 EEPROM

24

SW 2816A P1 SW
2816A P1 SW
2816A 2816A P1
2816A 2816A
P1

1. 8031 8031 8051

EA
2. 74LS373 IC

1. 8051
2. 8051

3. http://cadlab.ece.ucsb.edu/~ece152B/admin/X2816C.pdf

25

(Diode)

1. 1
2. 1
3. (DC Power Supply)1
4. 47k1
5. 0.1F1
6. ( 1N4001~1N4007 )1

(clipping circuit)(clipper)
(limiter)
5-1(b)

26

Vin

47k

Vout

47k

Vin

Vout

3V

5-1(a)

(b)

(clamping circuit)(clamper)
(DC restorer)
5-2(a)

0.1F

Vin

0.1F

Vout

Vin

Vout
3V

5-2(a)

(b)

(1)
5-1(a) Vin 1KHz 10V Vout
(A)(B)
5-1(b) 3V
(C)(D)

27

(2)
5-2(a) Vin 1KHz 10V Vout
(E)(F)
5-2(b) 3V
(G)(H)
Volt

Time

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

28

(E)

(F)

(G)

(H)

1.(A)(B)(C)(D)
2.(E)(F)(G)(H)
3. 5-1(b) 5-2(b)(C)(D)(G)(H)

1.

2. Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering Giorgio Rizzoni

29

(Zener diode)

1. 1
2. (DC Power Supply)1
3. 10k1 4.7k1 2.2k1 1.5k1
1k1 4701

3301

4. (Vz=6V)1
5. 2CS1384 500mW NPN 1

1.
I Z I Z
( I Z min I Z max ) VZ
I Z I Z min
I Z I Z max
I Z I Z max I Z min
I Z min 3mA I Z max
PZ max
30

PZ max = I Z max VZ

I Z max =

PZ max
VZ

rD

rZ

IZ
VZ

Vr

6-1(a)

(b)

2. 6-3 Vin I L
Vout Vin
(Breakdown)
IR =

Vin VZ
R

IL =

VZ
IZ = IR IL
RL

3. 2 I L I Z
I Z

Vout = VZ VBE
I B
Note QVout = VZ VBE

Vin V Z 2V

31


1. 6-2 Vin 0V 12V
Vout 6-1
6-5 I Z Vout
1.5k

IZ
Vin

Vout

6-2

2. 6-3 RL Vout
6-2

1.5k

IL

Vin

Vout

6-3

32

RL

3. 6-4 RL Vout
6-3

1.5k

IB

IL
V BE

Vin

Vout

VZ

RL

6-4

6-1
Vin

0V

3V

6V

9V

12V

1k

470

330

Vout

IZ
6-2

RL

10k

4.7k

Vout

IL

33

IZ
Vout (V)

6-5
6-3

RL

10k

4.7k

1k

470

330

Vout

IL

1. 6-1 Vout VZ
2. 6-2 RL Vout
3. 6-2 6-3

1.

2. inciples and Applications of Electrical Engineering

34

Giorgio Rizzoni

1.
2.

1. (CS9013)1
2. 1
3. 1
4. 1
5. 1
6. lk1 10k1 15k1 22k1 500k1
7. 10F2

1.
E (Emitter)B (Base)
C (Collector) PNP NPN
(Bi- polar Junction Transistor)
BJT 0.67

35

IEIBIC VEBVCB VCE

2.
PN JE
JC
7-1

7-1

JE

JC

(Amplifier)

ON/OFF

(Common base)
36

7-1
(Common emitter)(Common Collector)

JC

JE

VEB

IE

VEB

VCB

VCB

VEB

IE

IC

VCB

VEB

VCB

IC

IB

IB

a
7-1

JC

JE

aPNP

bNPN

:
1. 7-2
2. lKHz
0.l VP-P
3. VE Vc
4. VSVEVCVo

37

 7-2
5.

V0

VS

6. RS 4
5

7. RL 15K4

5
8. VS Vo

RC

RE

RS

CC

CS

V0

RL

VS

7-2

38


7-2

RS

RL 15K

VS
VE
VC
V0

V0
VS

1.
2.
3. 7-1 Vc Vo

1.

2.

39

 OP

OP OP

1. (741)1
2. 5k3

10k5

3. 1
4. 1

8-1

40

 8-1 R1
R2R3 RF
I1I2I3 IF Vi
Vi=0
(1)

I1 + I 2 + I 3 = I F

V
V1 V2 V3
+
+
= o
R1 R2 R3
RF

Vo = (

(2)

RF
R
R
V1 + F V2 + F V3 )
R1
R2
R3

(3)

(3) VO V1V2V3 RF/R1RF/R2

RF/R3 V1V2V3 8-1

10k

10k
10k
10k

10k

8-2
1. OP 8-2
2. OP 15V
41

3. V1~V3
4. VO V1+V2+V3

1. VO 8-1
8-1
V2

V1

V3

VO

9. R1R2R3 5k VO

1. OP Amp +

2. ()

42

 OP

OP OP

1. (741)1
2. 10k3 100k2
3. 1
4. 1

9-1

43

 9-1 OP
VO V1V2
Vo = A1V1 + A2V2

A1A2 V1V2
V2=0 ( V2 ) 9-1 VO
V1
VO = (1 +

R3
R4
R
)V+ = (1 + 4 )(
V1 )
R2
R2 R1 + R3

A1 = (1 +

R3
R4
)(
)
R2 R1 + R3

V1=0 1 R1R3
V-=V+=0 VO V2
VO =

R4
V2
R2

A2 =

R4
R2

V1V2 VO V1 V2
VO = (1 +

R3
R4
R
)(
)V1 4 V2
R2 R1 + R3
R2

R2 R1
=
R 4 R3
VO =

R4
(V1 V2 )
R2

R1=R2=R3=R4=R
VO=V1-V2
9-1

44


100K

10K

10K

100K

10K

9-2
1. OP 9-2
2. OP 15V
3. V1V2
4. VO

45

RF
(V1 V2 )
R1


1. VO 9-1
9-1
V2

V1

VO

2. R1R2RgRF 5k VO
?

1. OP Amp +

2. ()

46

 ()

1. 1
2. 1
3. 1
4. 1
5. 1k2 5.6k1 10k1
6. 0.1F2
7. OPA(741C)1

OP

RC RC

47

 RC 10-110-2
(ACL)(fC)(V0)

R1
+1
R2

ACL =

1
2RC
ACL
v0 =
1 + j( f / f c )
fc =

+Vcc
3
R

Vi

741

R1

-VEE

Vo
R2

10-1

+Vcc
3
R
Vi

2
C

741

R1

-VEE
Vo
R2

10-2

48


1. 10-3
2. Vi 0.1V
3.
0.1V
4. 10-1 10-4
0.01uF

+15V
3
1k

1k

0.01uF

Vi

741

5.6k

-15V
Vo
10k

10-3

10-1
f ( Hz ) 1k
V0 (V )

2k

5k

8k

10k 12k 14k 16k 18k 20k 50k 100k 200k

49

 10-4

1.
2.
3. ()

1. ()
2.
3.

50

0 1
(gate)

1.
2.
3. LED2
4. Switch 3
5. 1k2 2202
6. IC 74861 74081 74321

()
1 0 1 0
(positive logic) 1 0
(negative logic)

51

(1)
1. (NOT Gate)
(inverter)
0 1
1 0
2. (AND Gate)

1 1 0
10. (OR Gate)

1 1 0
0
11. (NAND Gate)
()
1
0 1
12. (NOR Gate)

0 1 0 1
0
52

13. (Exclusive OR)

1 1 0
1

(2)
(truth table)
11-1 OR
(binary numbers) 0
1 ()

11-1
A

11-2
A
0
0
1
1

53

B
0
1
0
1

Y
0
1
1
1

(3)
11-3
A
0
1

A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Y
1
0
Y
0
0
0
1

A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Y
0
1
1
1

A
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1
B
0
1
0
1
B
0
1
0
1

Y
1
1
1
0
Y
1
0
0
0
Y
0
1
1
0

54

(4)
(0 1)

1. (half-adder)

(Sum)
(Carry)

A + B
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
11-1

11-4

Carry
0
0
0
1

Sum
0
1
1
0

2. (full-adder)

55

Carry

FA
Sum

A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

11-2

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Carry
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1

Sum
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

11-5

11-3

(1)
1. 11-4
2. SW1SW2SW3 LED

11-4
56

(2)
1. 11-5
2. SW1SW2SW3 LED

11-5

1. LED 11-6
11-6
A

57

2. LED 11-7
11-7
A

Carry

Sum

1. 11-4 7408 7486?

2.

58

 IC

VCC5V
GND
AB
Y

1. ()
2.
3.

59

 A/D D/A

(analog)(digital)
A/D D/A

1. 1
2. LED 2
3. IC(4063)3
4. IC(7432)1
5. IC(7408)1
6. IC(7404)1
7. IC(741)1
8. Switch2
9. 1k1 2k3

1.
R-2R
12-1

60

A
12-1
Thevenin equivalent A
2R R ( 12-2) R
2R 10
Vo
Vo = V

2R
V
=
2R + 2R 2

01 12-3 Thevenin equivalent

circuit 12-4 V/2
Vo
Vo =

V 2R
V
=
2 2R + 2R 4

(
)()

12-2

61

12-3

V/2
12-4

2.

2n-1 n
12-5
22 = 4 V
V/4 V/4~V/2 A high B low
high high
12-1
12-1

0~V/4
V/4~V/2
V/2~3V/4
3V/4~V

00
01
10
11
62


= ( *20 + *21 ) * V/4

3V/4

LED
B

V/2
A
V/4
12-5

(1)
1.
2. 12-6
3.
4.
5.
6.

63

+
-

12-6

(2)
1.
2. 12-5
3.
4.
5.
10V
6.
14.

(1)
___________V
(V)
1
2
3
4
64

(2)
(V)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1.
2. 8 10V

3. 16 A/D

1.
2.

65

 ()
(Resistors)
()()

(R)
(S)(Fixed resistors)
(Variable resistor)
(1)

(Carbon film resistor)

66

10 0
101
10 2
10 3 = 1k
10 4 = 10k
10 5 = 100k
10 6 = 1M
10 7 = 10M
10 8 = 100M
10 9 = 1G
10 1
10 2

1%
2%

0 .5 %
0.25%
0.10%
0.05%
5%
10%
20%

(2)

(Capacitor)

()
()
1
67

 1 1
(10 6 )

(1)

(2)

(MLCC)

(3)
1.

68

2.

(Mylar Film)(Polystyrene Film)

(Pilypropylene Film)(Polycarbonate Film)
(

(4)

(5)

69

 BREADBOARD

Va

Vb

Vc

GND

A. VaVb
VcGND

B.

C.

D.

MULTIMETER

(1)
1./VCOM

70

2.

3.

4.

cut-in voltage

()

71

(2)

/V
COM

1. (AC)(DC)
2. /VCOM
3.

(3)

O/V
COM

mA
10A

72

1. (AC)(DC)

2. COM
3.

(4)
1. 10
2.

3.
4.
5.

(DC POWER SUPPLY)

GW GPQ 3030D DC POWER
SUPPLY/
73

Slave

Master

INDEP. SER.

A
CURRENT

TRACKING PAR.
VOLTAGE

CURRENT

5V FIXED 1A GND +

GND +

V
VOLTAGE

5V FIXED 3A

(1)
1. CURRENTVOLTAGE
2. A/V
3. 5V FIXED 3ATTL

74

4.

(
) Automatic Crossover

1. ()
2. VOLTAGE
3.
4. VOLTAGECC
5.
6. CURRENT
7.
8. A/VVVOLTAGE

(2)
power supply ground

(Ground)

75

1.

2. power supplygrounds

power supply

3.cable
Channel

76

 (Oscilloscope)
TEKTRONIX 2205

(1)

1. FOCUS
2. INTENSITY

3. BEAM FINDER
X Y POSITION

4.
(2)

HORIZONTAL
1. POSITION
X-Y MODE
X
2. MAG

77

3. SEC/DIV

(3)

VERTICAL
ChannelChannel
1. POSITION
2. VOLTS/DIV1
10 PROBE1

3. AC/GND/DCDC
AC
GND
78

AC
CH1
CH2

DC
GND

''

(Function Generator)
(Function Generator)
Function Generator
Function Generator
F.G.

1.
(11)

79

sine wave

triangle wave

square wave

2.
AMPL(14)(15)(14)
(
)
(15)(attenuator)dB
20dB40dB
60dB

3.
FREQUENCY(12)RANGE(10)
RANGE
FREQUENCY
RANGE
FREQUENCYRANGE
0.1~10(2)
F.G.F.G.

80

4.
F.G. OUTPUT(17)(18)BNC
MAIN(18)
(Cable)
SYNC(17)MAIN
(synchronous)0.6V()

5.
F.G.(14)SYMPULL ADJ

sine wave :
triangle wave

square wave :

6.
V

Vdc +Vo

DC offset
Vdc

Vo
0V

0V

-Vo

81

DC OFFSET
PULL ADJ(13)
( Fig.17) DC
OFFSET(13)

1.

2.

3.

4.

82