International Bulletin of Business Administration ISSN: 1451-243X Issue 11 (2011) EuroJournals, Inc. 2011 http://www.eurojournals.

com

Comparison Study among Methods of Encouragement & Punishment in the Generous Quran and Psychologist's View
Sayd Ahmad Mirhosainee Nayyeri Assistant Professor of Tehran University- College Qom AliRedha MohammadRedhaei Assistant Professor of Tehran University- College Qom Najmo Ssadat Atarod MS.C. Student of Literature and Arabic language Abstract One of the questions that have attracted some minds to it self is: how teachings of Islam religion and all of directions of Islam religion and of blessed messenger to 15 previous centuries can be responsible for today needs and make smooth the way to reach present humans to ideal? And whether today knowledge is harmonious with these teachings? The present essay attempts by emphasis on completeness of the Islam' religious teachings and having constant and varied laws and not being again its teachings, comes on to analytic and comparative study among the methods of the generous Quran and psychologist's views on the most basic of the ways which move people means encouragement and punishment, toward better profit from facilities for moving to ideal. And to express that the generous Quran, in spite of passing 150 years since its appearance it has educational procedures and orders for all seasons and generations. Keywords: Encouragement, Punishment, Views of Islam, Psychology

Introduction
It seems completeness of Islam religion has been proved by noble verses such as: Therefore it is proper and necessary that in whole times and texts be responsible for meeting human's needs. It has been narrated Dr. Wagler writes about applicability element of Islam's rules with conditions. Of any era: our surprise is added on a religion that bases the main principles of ethics upon order and necessity and frames incumbents to own and others on exact rules which is acceptor of transmutation and evolution and it is proportional with the highest thinking improvements. Edward Gibbon also writes on completeness and considering all dimensions and aspects of human's life and omitting no areas that human require Divine Conduct on them: "Quran includes series of religious social, civil, commercial, military, judicial, criminal rules. These rules include from daily task of life to religious ceremonies, from self-purification to maintain of body and ealth and from public rights to personal rights and public benefits and ethics, crimes, and torments of coming world." 76

One of human's necessaries to own and others is education and conduct in deal. Education has various procedures. Encouragement and punishment are including of those procedures that are used for correction or stabilization of a behavior and/or for decreasing probability of doing special behavior and destroying the grounds of doing that. In this essay has been come on to methods of encouragement and punishment: including discourse, ethical, sentimental) material, indirect inspiration and wordless methods from view of the Generous Quran and education scientists.

Persuasion Methods
A) Speech Methods Most of the peoples are impressed by the essence and the method of speaking the word. So Islam is emphasizing to impart messages by soft and friendly speeches. For instance, God ordered Mosses (p.b.u.h) to use a soft and gentle speech for recalling Pharaoh.(Holly Quran, Taha, 43-44). A soft and gentle language is a speech that speaking it in individuals isn't worrying and fragile and a person will be feel calmness from it. Human's nature is tending mostly to accustom, candor, connivance, amour and mercy and for this reason, impression, realization and guidance is became more by profiting from gentleness and softness. (Husseini, Dawood, 2000, p.43) Using Cases 1. Applause Applause is means to admire an act and when it is forced on a child or even an adult individual, its make pluck and spirit and hope in him after this manner he/she will be try to open the language of adult's applause to him/her again. For this reason, commendation method itself is one of the positive reinforcement factors and is one of important methods to regulate behavior, reject negative aspects and reinforce positive aspects in individuals; applause revive children's dead personality and have create the reasons of their assurance to continue positive works (Ali Qaemi, ,2004.pp.214-215). God applaud and praise holly prophet's humor and mood in holly Quran when He said: "and truly, you hath a grand temper and humor" (Dehnavi, Hossein, 2006, p.50). Applause is one of the methods which we can use in helping children to have a positive and realistic image from them, so applauding them can create encouragement. (Faber, Adel and Elaine Mazlish, 2007, pp.249-250) Applause can be mean "approval" and "appreciation" and indeed is a speech which an adult fell a child and show his/her attention to a - child, like, "Its perfect!", "it's extraordinary"! "It's a miracle!" "It's incomparable"! The most impressing method is when we express applauding face to face, with smiling lips and happy eyes and an extra move of head and hand, tapping or by showing wins sign (Elizabeth Hartley Broid, 1366,pp.165,169) 2. Adhesion Our adhesion must be shown, after that a child, teenager or an employer restricted himself/herself in a period of time to regard criterions. The adhesion declaration of parents, teacher or instructor from a child makes him/her happy (Husseini, Dawood, 2000, p. 45). God by giving good news in holly Quran somehow declare adhesion, for example for; patients, believers, philanthropist,... "Their Lord doth give them glad tidings of a mercy from himself, of his good pleasure, and of gardens for them, wherein are delights that endure")(Holly Quran, Tobeh, 21) God at this Sign gave them three big gifts for three important works (Faith, migration and Jihad); 1. Enunciate them for His extensive mercy and benefited them of it.(spiritual aspects) 2. Benefit them from His adhesion and pleasure. (Spiritual aspects) 77

3. Providing them with gardens of heavens that are permanent and perpetual blessing (Makarim Shirazi, Nasser, p.324) Dr. Moriston also saying: let your children know that you value their efforts and their new learned skills (Stefani Marston, 1988, p. 237). 3. Prayer One of the verses ways in signs and Islamic traditions is praying for the child, teenager and an adult that try to perform their duties properly by their behavior adjustment, parents, teacher and a child's supervisor for child and teenager is the sign of that their interest to that person, this work is the resource of spirit and soul calmness and make him/her resolute for continuing good and suitable behavior (Husseini, Dawood, 2000, pp. 46, 47). In holly Quran God request from Holly prophet -God bless him and his descendant- "Of their wealth fake alms, that so thou mightiest purify and sanctify them; and pray on their behalf verily they prayers are source of security for them: and Allah is one who hearth and knoweth"(Holly Quran, Tobeh, Sign 103) In western, because the society isn't established on the basis of religion, prayer isn't as a nurturing and encouraging device for a child and by this method, the apprentice can be encouraged and persuaded to do good things and its will became the reason of his/her calmness, quietness and assurance. (Kashaniha, Kobra, 1382) 4. Greet One of the Quranic nurturing methods and encouraging good manner is greeting to child and teenager. Holly Quran is used this method for world, limbo and hereafter, for this reason It said about Holiness John (p.b.u.h): "He said: Nay, I am only a messenger from thy Lord to thee the gift of a pure son"(Holly Quran, Mar/am, sign 15) like greet on Abraham, greet on Mosses and Aaron and greet on Noah in two worlds (Saffat,109,120, 79); this greets are the consequences of good works; "Thus indeed We reward those who do right"(Safaat,80), by the way, greeting on benefactors resulted in that they feel personage and continue their good works, (Dawood, Husseini) It seems that this work leads to self worth in child toward himself/herself and the same thing that Wayne Dyer saying: if you behave children like an important, valuable and personable person, so the child will have the same image from himself/herself. Respectively, the first seeds of valuing self has been implanted, at the same time that a child gain some experiences via trial and error in the scene of the life, make the feel of self worth internal, and by watching your reaction until puberty period make self worth internal and by watching and paying attention to your reactions, the feelings of been valuable or unvalued will be reinforced inside of him/her. (Wayne Dyer, 2008, p.50) A child who is greeted and by this way is respected, will be believed in his / her potency and eligibility, and from childhood period have felt that others are stressing and valued him/her. (Reza, Farhadian, 2008, p. 63) 5. Persuasion One of the other verses ways is persuading peoples to do good and eligible works and duties which are taking their responsibility. Persuasion make individuals feel assurance and that there is somebody who is his / her friend and supporter. God hath ordered Holly Prophet (God bless him and his descendants) twice in Quran to persuade Muslims to fight against Islam's enemies "0 Prophet! Rouse the believers to the fight, if there are twenty amongst you, patient and preserving, they will vanquish two hundred: if a hundred they will vanquish a thousand of the believers; for these are a people without understanding" (Holly Quran, Anfal, 65). We understand from this sign that persuasion means peoples' ability to do something. (Husseini, Dawood, same, page 48) Encouragement, persuasion and inducement are a position which a teacher has took to persuade someone and make him/her to do something. Sometimes to mention a phrase and paying attention to an 78

individual that thanks God you are growth up and I can have expectancy from you, this basis developed persuasion in individuals. (Qaemi Ali, 2008, p.230) It seems that it is the same subject which Wayne Dyer had pointed that developing a strong mental image that is stabilize on self- esteem, and is counted as the basic necessity for every one, it called necessity, because in the case of losing it the person will have a ruinous behavior with self and others, so not only can done jobs individually but also cant done it gregariously. (Wane Dyer,2009,p. 443) 6. Encouragement "Encouragement" in Novin dictionary means assurance and persuasion (Ahmad Sayah, 1998, p. 773) "And obey Allah and His messengers; and fall into no disputes, lest ye lose heart and your power depart; and be patient and preserving: for Allah is with those who patiently preserve"(Anfal, 46) God at this sign is advising in patience and saying that I am with you, like a mother whom tells her child to do something, I am with you and supporting you. (Kobra, kashaniha,2004 ,p.76) It's also said in psychology that a minor kids need some assurance and persuasion from you in doing their jobs, and if find support and patronage from you, they will take step toward chasing their aims. For example, when a child tries to solve a puzzle, say: "maybe you are not in mood, but try to solve it in any way" and this kind of sentences. (Wayne Dyer,ibide.p.384) 7. Promise Most of the parents are telling their children that if you do so and so you will get a reward or not, if you be first student I will buy a bicycle for you or if you be a good boy I will take you to the park.( Janmorad Tahmaseby,2007,p.43) And one of the encouragement methods is giving good promises: these promises may be material or spiritual, if a child knows that after doing good deeds and being decent to good ethics, there is good consequences are waiting for him/her to work with doubled ability. Promise in dictionary means: enunciating good news, and announcing bad news and also means the covenant and the vow. Also in Holly Quran is come: "Allah has promised those among them who believe and do righteous deeds forgiveness and a great Reward"(Holly Quran, Fath, 29) In psychology about promise is said: if you had to break your promise, you have to give a clear explanation about it to the child, although the child may be angry from you, but at least when you explain to him/her, practically you will learn that you actually will show that you are valuing and crediting your word. Try to avoid from promises which you know that you can't fulfill it. (Wayne Dyer, ibide.p.3,22) Also it said in God's Quran: "The promise of Allah never dose Allah fail from His promise; but most men know not" (Rome, 6), "A guide and a mercy to doers of good"(Loqman, 3) 8. Sermon and Advice Sermon, mention and reminiscence is a speech which is along with (Kobra, Kashaniha, 2003, p.86). One of cases used in Quran: "He said: 0 Noah! He is not of thy family, for his conduct is unrighteous, so ask not of me that of which thou hast no knowledge! I gave thee Counsel, lest thou become one of the ignorant" (Hood, 46) advice: purifying friendship, advice and sermon and guidance (Khalil Jar, 1988, p. 2051) There are some cases about advice mentioned in Quran: "So Salih left them. Saying: '0 my people! I did indeed convey to you the message for which I was sent by my Lord: I gave you good counsel, but you love not good counselors!"(Arraf, 79) We can also see advice and sermon at the meaning mention and reminiscence in psychology, for example: Dr. Moriston said: by reminding children's past successes we can improve their selfesteem higher. Every child has a history of successes that make him/her unique and documenting 79

his/her current merit. Follow your children's improvement in every field and always remind them that in comparison with last month or last year how much they are more skilful, more responsible , wiser and risk-taker than last month or last year because our heart is their successes and adorable works treasure. We can remind them in hard times that how much they were successful until now and who are them indeed and what kind of ability they have. We should help children to recognize their growing merits and valuing it.( Moriston, Stefani, 2000, p152) 9. (Appreciation) Thanksgiving Exalted God said: "And remember! Your Lord caused to be declared 'if you are Grateful, I will add more unto you; but if you show ingratitude, truly my punishment is terrible indeed" (lbrahim, 7) Thank is that we know the blessing from the beneficent and be satisfy from Him and applying good intention in it and using the blessing for reaching its beneficent. The power of thank and appreciation, is a very powerful, effective, stimulator and steering power provided that it be designed on the basis of quit well-known inner and outer conditions. The power of thank is a power that enunciating to happy future and clarifying the path through reaching successes. (Kobra, kashaniha, 2003, p93) One of the best ways for thanksgiving that author Lee Canter has cited in his books under name "expression rule". This method is a strong devise for encouraging good deeds and especially for improvising the sense of self- esteem try to focus your appreciation on the child's good work and not him/herself; you are a good child, haven't enough information like "bravo! You gathered your toys after playing with your friend".(Moriston, Stefani, 2000, p135) B) Financial Method Reward and Gratuity There is various and countless rewards which we should considered one of them proportionally. A gratuity can be in cash, tick, material or immaterial. At this statement the important is that the children also look at the aforesaid reward as a reward and make him/her to continue his/her way (Dawood, Husseini, 2002, p51) Giving a reward is in cases which is predefined before for his own good work, for example in Quran is cited that: "He that doeth good Shall have ten times as much to his credit: He that doeth evil Shall only be recompensed according to his evil: No wrong shall be done unto them"(Anam, 160); about children there is lots of rewards like financial encouragement weekly including park, cinema, home and friends and relatives and financial monthly encouragement, toys or his/her favorite toys, (Hussein, Dehnawi,2008,p51-52) "Allah giveth manifold increase to whom he pleaseth: and Allah careth for all and He knoweth all things" (Baqare, 261) Serandik is saying: "the source of encouragement importance is that if human's deed and try to conjoin it with motivations which make him/her feel contentment like giving reward, this work result in that his diligent become hearty and pleasant in his/her eyes and his/her diligence on that path will not penetrating in human's mind, because human being is tending to everything that make us happy and cheerful and running away from everything that providing him / her with sadness and suffer causes. (Janmorad Tahmasebi, 2006, p56) B.F. Skinner in his book in the name of "Freedom and Dignity" stating that when our behavior is presenting by reward: we feel freedom and when our behavior is controlling by punishment, we feel compelled. (Andrew Sappington, 2000, p203)

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C) Indirect Induction Method Introducing Exemplars and Patterns Learning through observation or pattern making is one of the very effective training methods that a teacher can take assistance from that for training education and social desirable behaviors in different ages. (Ali Akbar Seifi, 2000, p203) In Quran reminiscing Holly Prophet as pattern and exemplar: "Ye have indeed in the messenger of Allah and excellent exemplar for him who hopes in Allah and the final day, and who remember Allah much" (Ahzab, 21) and pattern taking is also from ways which improving suitable behaviors. (John, Marshal Rio, 1997, p125) Elizabeth Carry is writing: children maybe take pattern from every thing they see and hear. They will select some of your desirable and undesirable treatments, if you like that your kids speak with you quietly, so you should speak quietly , when children growing up more, they start to take pattern from what is outside of family or is in television. (Elizabeth Carry, 2003, p94) D) Mental- Emotional Method Amour: one of the most important factors in child's breeding is to fill them by amour and love, the effect of amour in children's mental growth is like the effect of light and warmth in plant's growth; unless their amour's warmth didn't reach to one of family's children and didn't fill them, their mental and personal growth will not finish normally. (Muhammad Ali Sadat, 1991, p42) A child in the shadow of seeing his/her parent's love will be find interest and love with them and will become ready to any order and prohibition . (Ali Qaemi, 1984, p177) God as Moses (p.b.u.h) educator is said: "But warn them of the Day of distress, when the matter will be determined: for they are negligent and they do not believe!" (Quran, Taha, 39) Mazola is saying: without amour and feeling enough security and feeling deprivation in childhood, is too hard for self to improve and boost toward blooming degree in adulthood. (Yusuf, Karimi, 2009, p160)

Punishment Methods
A) Non-Verbal Methods 1. Glance Glance can be the preventive and deterrent agent from sin and misdeed. A fierce look from father or mother or teacher can be more effective than punishment in proscribing child from misdeed, so experienced teacher speak less, order and prohibit less, but by face and significant look transfer their nurturing message to learners. (Ali Rahmani Yazdari, 2000, p226) Raymond Beach is saying: it must be acknowledge that: although the mother best way for child's punishment and guidance is her keen glance and she represent something by that, but this kind of glance isn't something that can be learn in one day and its not so simple. (Rajabali Mazlomi, 2007, p71) in Quran using glance as one of the religious education factors: "And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard modesty" (Ale emran, 77) 2. Meaningful Silence Silence is more expressive than language. Today in educational centers on the basis of latest research findings are concluded that the deepest and more effective nurture messages must be represented in non- verbal form. Sometime silence skill is more valuable than speech skill, so send your message by silence skill. Also in Quran is stated that: "He turned in mercy also To the three who were left behind: (they felt guilty to such a degree that the earth seemed constrained to them"(Tobeh, 118) in one of battles that Holly Prophet had ordered in common mobilization, three refused to participate in war, Prophet 81

said to all Muslims: Nobody speaks with these three person! They by this way put violators in social surrounding, until even their wives and children also didn't spoke with them too, this strike make this large world narrow for them, but they became ashamed and repent and their repentance were accepted. Permudbetra a western's psychologist is saying: not spoke words are more important from spoke words. (Hussein, Dehnawi, 2008, p96) But the purpose of meaningful silence isn't indifference and sealing on lip, nut its mean alertness toward children and expedient and appropriate silence. (Ali Rahmani Yazdari, 2000, p228) 3. Negligence Sometimes human being should pretend to neglect: I didn't notice your work. So by this way their personality and identity will not break, Quran is said: Joseph's brothers saw him after ten years and didn't recognized him, they told him that we had a brother and his name was Joseph whom was thief, Joseph pretend to neglect and didn't said any thing that I am that brother and why you attach steal to me. "They said: 'if he steals, there was a brother of his who did steal before, but these things did Joseph keep locked in his heart, revealing not the secrets to them, He simply said; 'Ye are the worse situated, and Allah knoweth best the truth of what ye assert!" (Yousef, 77) Negligence is just about personal and individual and partial misdeed but about important problems that Islam's enemies are planning for subverting Islamic government, negligence is the big wish of enemy. (Nissa, 102) (Muhsen Qara'aty,2008,p197) Actually by giving personalizing and negligence the trespasser's misdeed will be prohibited from doing and repeating that misdeed again. (Majid Rashidpour, 1992, p169) Becker is saying: for decreasing or removing inappropriate deeds, they must be ignored and not considered. (Abdullah Shafi Abadi, 1989, p68) 4. Miff and Distraction Holly Quran Said: "When thou seest men engaged in vain discourse about our signs, turn away from them unless they turn to a different theme. If Satan ever makes thee forget, then after recollection, sit not thou in the company of those who do wrong".(Anam, 68) Dreikurs is saying: sometime its necessary that parent prohibited from speaking about the problem and don't involve your children with some issues. For example, if children are arguing about an issue, it's advised to parent to leave the room and while watching them afar not let them alone. It seems that leaving a child is a kind of miff. In this case, it shouldn't take more than three days, so when someone asked Holiness Ali (p.b.u.h) that how he can treat his intolerable child, the Holiness said: don't punish him/her physically and miff with him, but this miff should be so long (Abdulmajid Rashidpour, 1984, p154). It seems that one of the aforesaid ayah confirmations in psychology is "distraction", which is another method for reducing inappropriate perverted deed. In this regard it's tried to pervert one's attention from doing inappropriate perverted deed and leading it toward doing more appropriate deed. (John Marshal Rio, 1997, p133) 5. Fine Whenever peoples show their eligibilities and make themselves lovable, God will benefit them from gifts that are the symbol of divine love; "if the people of the towns had but believed and feared Allah, we should indeed have opened out to them all blessing from heaven and earth (Araf, 96), "But whosever turns away from My Message, verily for Him is a life narrowed down, and we shall raise him up blind on the Day of judgment(Taha, 124) (Khosrow Baqiri,2003,p160) Fine is removing positive reinforcement for inappropriate deed, the punished person have some positive reinforcement (like money, token or bounce) and when an inappropriate respond is happening the punisher will took positive reinforce from him/her. Thus fine methods are using some of fine, penalty or removing bonus forms. (Kazdien) Cin Cinnati Ben Telephone Company is preparing a 82

concrete example. Inappropriate target behavior was of costumers' help request for local telephone call guidance. For several years this company persuades its costumers to prohibit from unnecessary help telephone request and as far as possible use manual. Politely ask people for this purpose was useless, the company for each help call was costing 20 sent to their accounts (Fine). The frequency of help call request decreased from sixty thousand requests in previous day to about twenty thousand requests at fine day. (John Marshal Rio, 1997, p127) Of course fine must be proportionate with mistake, if fine was more than mistake, its make the individual vindictive, obsessive and maybe subversive and if it was less than the mistake this makes him/her rude in misconduct and that person will be committed more and bigger crime and encourage others to doing misdeed, Quran said: "and if Ye punish, let your punishment be proportionate to the wrong that has been done to you: But if ye show patience, that is indeed the best (course) for those who are patient (Nahl, 126) (Muhsin Abbas nejad,2005,p295) B) Oral Method 1. Preach and Notification It said in Quran: "So leave them alone until they encounter that day of theirs, wherein they shall be thunderstruck" (Qaf, 45) Gordon is saying: preaching and relating social good and bad, is the third level of parents and child communication. For example: do this appropriate deed and not do that inappropriate deed. (Abdullah Shafi Abadi, 1989, P41) 2. Advise (Warning and Notification) It's cited in Holly Quran: "what! Have their partners who have established for them some religion without the permission of Allah? Had it not been for the decree of judgment, the matter would have been decided between them, but verily the wrong doers will have grievous chastisement". (Shoara, 214) Becker believed: some signs and acknowledgment must be used before punishment. This is means that the child must not be punishing without previous warning. The child must be acknowledged that in the case of repeating inappropriate behavior he/she will be punished, (Abdullah Shafi Abadi, 1989, P74) 3. Reproofing and Blaming It's cited in Quran: "Grievously hateful is it in the sight of Allah there ye say that which ye do not." (Saf, 3) "Do ye enjoin right conduct on the people, and forget yourselves, and yet ye study the Scripture? Will ye not understand?"(Baghareh, 44) In Ginott method, parents must reproof or encourage child's action and behavior and must not pay attention to his / her personality features. Russell also says: I account reproofing and blaming in punishment too. (Barter and Russell,1968,P156) C) Behavioral Methods 1. Physical Punishment In Islam physical punishment about children is accepted as correction and about adults is accepted as discretionary and retaliation. (Dawood Husseini, 2002, P93) Also in Holy Quran the principle of punishment and penalty is stated in signs like retaliation and also punishment sentence and punishing adulterer and adulteress. "The adulterer cannot have sexual relationship whit any but an adulteress or idolatress, and adulteress none can have sexual relations with her but and adulterer or and idolater: to the believers such a thing is forbidden"(Noor, 3) "in the law of equality there is life to you. O ye men 83

of understanding: there ye may restrain yourselves".(Baghareh, 179) (Mohammad Baqir Hojjaty,1979,P179). There are so many benefits in Divine sentence about killer penalty which is the same as death penalty, because a killer would be stop committing this crime after knowing about this penalty and consequently it will be save the life of killer and someone who will be killed. But about children punishment and penalty is an exceptional and extra device, in children and teenagers ethical nurturing method in Islamic doctrines, loving and pitying to child and teenager and tolerating them are introduced as the most constituent and effective nurturing method. Holy prophet (God bless him and his descendants) said: love children and have mercy on them (Mohammad Baqir Hojaty, 1979, P180). In Islam with regard to Saint Imams narratives punishment is the same as correction, and child's correction is accepted after applying all of nurturing methods. Physical punishment tool must be soft to not result in serious hurts and appropriated with child's mistake (Ali Faezi) beating must not be as much as that Islam set blood money and fine for that. (Ibrahim Amini, 2009, P228) Becker also believes that physical punishment must be avoided seriously and an alternative should be finding instead of physical punishment. For example instead of slapping child is better to leave him/her alone in a room and not allow him/her to go outside. If inappropriate behavior was as much as sever that have the possibility of endangering child and others' health with health danger at this case also the kid must be punished. For example if a child is playing with a knife, the knife must be took from him/; her and beating him/her on hand and remind that knife is not an appropriate device for a child(Abdullah Shafi Abadi,1989,P74). Dr. Van Dire is stating: physical punishment must act carefully all the times. I my self not confirm beating and never beat my children, just one exception that is beating on child's hip that is just for warning - not creating pain- only for warning (Wayne Dyer,2008 ,P272) Russell also saying: I think physical punishment is not permitted in any way. 2. Banishment Banishment is a means of training, and the purpose is to reform trainee. Some of psychologists believe that changing educative environment resuit in spiritual change of trainee and bring him/her to growth. One of the penalties that Exalted God had considered for Satin was driving him out of divine angels and said: "Allah said: Then get thee out from here: for thou art rejected, accursed" [Hejr, 34), "Allah said; "Get thee down from It: it is not for thee to be arrogant here: get out, for thou art of the meanest" (Araf, 13)(Dawod Husseini,2002 ,P90) It is the same as depriving from reinforcement: it's mean that when somebody did inappropriate behavior for while depriving him/her from reinforcement. For this purpose, or we have to take the child out of the environment that get reinforcement, or we took the reinforcement resource out of his/her reach. For example when a coach banished one of the players and stopped him from continuing play because of doing an action against play rules, using this method. (Ali Akbar Seif, 2000, P460) Russell also said: when a child intervenes in other children with persistence and insistence or disturb their joy, it's obvious that his/her fine is ejecting.

Discussion Conclusion
After considering punishment and encouragement methods and investigating each of them from Quranic aspect and psychological aspect and educational scientific in western; we recoanized that encouragement methods are: verbal methods such as: applause, adhesion, prayer, greet, persuasion, encouragement, promise, advise and sermon, appreciation and financial method that is (reward and gratuity) and indirect induction method that is: introducing exemplars and mental- emotional method. But punishment methods which contain of: nonverbal methods (glance, silence, negligence, leaving, miff and distraction and fine) and verbal methods: (preach, reproofing and blaming, notification and warning and fine). And behavioral methods like physical punishment and banishment, we discovered that by a comparative comparison between Quranic and psychological methods, findings and opinions 84

that western scientists find it and represented it in basis of their social criterions, God had stated it in Holy Quran 1400 years ago and it is a reason for Quran legitimacy and that Quran and Islam educative doctorins is useful for all times and centuries.

Sources and References

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