Bacillus Aureus Bacillus Cereus is a soil dwelling bacteria which may cause food borne illness symptoms in humans.

Other strains of Bacillus Cereus may be used as a probiotic, a bacteria which competes for space in the gut against more harmful bacterial strains, for animals. This improves the animals growth as well as the food safety for the humans who consume the meat. B. Cereus causes a minority of all food borne illnesses (2% - 5%), causing severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The food borne illness occurs when the protective bacterial endospores survive when the food is improperly cooked. Ingestion of the toxin leads to two types of illnesses ; diarrheal and emetic syndrome. The diarrheal type causes diarrhea and gastrointestinal pain while the emetic form is most likely caused by rice that is not cooked properly. Misjudging the time or the temperature may not be sufficient to kill all the endospores present. Symptoms may include nausea and vomiting for up to one and a half hours later. Rice should be properly cooked at, or over, 100 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes in order to destroy the endospores from B. Cereus. B. Cereus treatment involves controlled antibiotic treatments.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus is a the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children and infants. By the age of five, nearly every child in the world has been infected by rotavirus at least once. However, with each infection, immunity develops and succeeding infections become less severe and adults are rarely affected. There are five strains from A to E and Rotavirus A, which is the most common, causes 90% of infections in humans. The virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route due to improper handling of food and the hygiene of the person who cooks the food. Up to 500,000 children die from rotavirus infections worldwide each year and up to two million become severely ill. Signs and symptoms include mild to sever disease caused by vomiting, watery diarrhea, and low grade fever. The symptoms often start with vomiting followed by up to eight hours of diarrhea. The diarrhea causes severe dehydration which is the leading cause of childrens death from this virus. The rotavirus is transmitted through the oral-fecal route via contaminated hands, surface and objects. The feces of an infected person may contain up to 10 trillion infectious particles per gram and only 10 to 100 may cause the symptoms. The treatment for an acute rotavirus infection is mostly rehydration therapy given that dehydration is the leading cause of death for infected individuals. More serious infections will require hospitalization and the victim may be put on intravenous fluids while having his or her electrolytes and blood sugar monitored. Rotavirus infection prevention focuses mainly on immunization. The primary public heath intervention is vaccination since in 2006, two vaccines against rotavirus have been approved and were shown to be safe and effective in children.