PHA - Health Ms.

Fang Quiz #1 Chapter 1 (What we need to know) prior to 1800s, good health meant that you werent stricken by any disease. health eventually became associated with good hygiene nowadays, true health takes into consideration physical, social, mental, environmental, spiritual, emotional, and intellectual elements and dimensions of life quality of life involves both life expectancy and wellness (achievement of highest levels of health within the aforementioned categories) morbidity (illness) vs. mortality (death) rates physical health - bodily features and processes, ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) social health - interpersonal relationships in society intellectual health - using thought and reason effectively to meet lifes challenges emotional health - expressing of emotions appropriately and controlling them environmental health - appreciation of external environment (also through actions) spiritual health - subscribing to a way of life that may involve a supreme being, but typically it goes beyond religion in order to live a balanced, meaningful life mental health - broader concept including emotional, social, and intellectual health the thinking part of psychosocial health (values, attitudes, beliefs) holistic approach - emphasizes integration and balance of mind, body, and spirit to achive wellness Healthy People 2010 - national plan with two major goals: 1. to increase life span and quality of life 2. to eliminate health disparities (differences of health factors among specific population groups) Contributions to health disparities: - race and ethnicity - inadequate health insurance - lifestyles - transportation issues health promotions (educational, organizational, policy, financial, and environmental supports) combat risk behaviors (which increase susceptibility to negative health issues) Prevention: 1. primary - stop problems before they start 2. secondary - intervention during problem in early stages 3. tertiary - treatment/rehabilitation after illness

 Chronic disease behaviors 1. tobacco use 2. unhealthy dietary behavior 3. inadequate physical activity 4. unsafe sex 5. alcohol/drug use 6. injury/violence primary and secondary prevention reduce incidence (# of new cases) and prevalence (# of existing cases) of diseases/disabilities Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) are trained to develop prevention and intervention programs healthy life expectancy - number of years a newborn can live in full health based on current illness/mortality rates cultural competency - requires congruent attitudes/policies between individuals to enable effective cross-cultural work (the we aspect, not I!) Gender differences Men -

- higher reaction time of brain - bone mass peaks at 30

VS. VS.

Women common: osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, depression, diabetes, Alzheimers higher accuracy of brain bone mass peaks at 20 different cardiovascular system sizes, shapes, nervous system impulses faster heart rates stronger immune system, but prone to autoimmune disease (when the body attacks its own tissues) respond differently to prescription smokers more at risk for elevated LDL cholesterol and to develop cardiovascular and respiratory disease more likely to have 2nd heart attack during same year as 1st 2x more likely to contract STDs 10x more likely for HIV during unsafe sex

1990s - Womens Health Initiative (WHI) focused research on unique health aspects of women 15-24 age group - death esp. by injury, homicide, suicide

Behavior change factors 1. predisposing factors - life experiences, knowledge, cultural and ethnic heritage, current beliefs and values 2. enabling factors (+ or -) - skills and abilities; physical, emotional, mental capabilities community and govt priorities/commitment; safe/convenient resources and facilities 3. reinforcing factors - support, encouragement, discouragement motivation -> readiness -> change in behavior