PRC-1 Lab.

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT

Density and absorption of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate

Instructor: Dr M.Nasir Amin

PRC-1 Lab.

Aggregate Properties for Mix Design

1. Sieve analysis of aggregates (CA & FA)
2. Density (Specific gravity) and absorption of

coarse aggregates
3. Density (Specific gravity) and absorption of fine aggregates

Why do we need these tests ?

Knowledge of aggregate characteristics such as

PRC-1 Lab.

density (or specific gravity (apparent, BSG (SSD and OD))), grading (sieve analysis of CA and FA), and

moisture state is required for designing concrete

mixtures (mix design/mix proportioning of concrete). In addition, physical characteristics such as shape and surface texture will also influence the properties of concrete in the fresh or plastic state (local

characteristics be considered in mix design).

Common shapes (theory lecture on agg.)

PRC-1 Lab.

Rounded

Subrounded

Subangular

Angular

Density and Absorption of F.A

PRC-1 Lab.

DENSITY AND ABSORPTION OF FINE AGGREGATES (ASTM C128 - 07 and AASHTO T85)
Scope :
This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate.

Terminology :
absorption; oven-dry (OD); saturated-surface-dry (SSD); density; density (OD); density (SSD); apparent density; relative density (specific gravity); relative density (specific gravity) (OD); relative density (specific gravity) (SSD); apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity)

Density and Absorption of F.A

PRC-1 Lab.

Absorption: the increase in mass of aggregate due to water penetration into the pores of the particles during a prescribed period of time, but not including water adhering to the outside surface of the particles, expressed as a percentage of the dry mass. Oven-dry (OD): related to aggregate particles, the condition in which the aggregates have been dried by heating in an oven at 110 +/- 5 C for sufficient time to reach a constant mass. Saturated-surface-dry (SSD): related to aggregate particles, the condition in which the permeable pores of aggregate particle are filled with water to the extent achieved by submerging in water for the prescribed period of time, but without free water on the surface of the particles. Density: the mass per unit volume of a material, expressed as kilograms per cubic meter (pounds per cubic foot).

Density and Absorption of F.A

PRC-1 Lab.

Density (OD): the mass of oven dry aggregate per unit volume of aggregate particles, including the volume of permeable and impermeable pores within the particles, but not including the voids between the particles. Density (SSD): the mass of saturated-surface-dry aggregate per unit volume of the aggregate particles, including the volume of impermeable pores and water-filled voids within the particles, but not including the pores between the particles.
Sampling of Test Material Sample the aggregate in accordance with Practice D 75. Thoroughl y mix the sample and reduce it to obtain a test specimen of approximately 1 kg using the applicable procedures described in Practice C 702.

Density and Absorption of F.A

PRC-1 Lab.

Summary of test method

A sample of aggregate is immersed in water for 24 +/- 4h to essentially fill the pores. It is then removed from the water, the water is dried from the surface of the particles, and the mass determined. Subsequently, the sample (or a portion of it) is placed in a graduated container and the volume of the sample is determined by the gravimetric or volumetric method. Finally, the sample is oven-dried and the mass determined again. Using the mass values thus obtained and formulas in this test method, it is possible to calculate density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption.

Significance and use

ASTM C 128 - 07

Density and Absorption of F.A

PRC-1 Lab.

EQUIPMENT :
Balance (capacity of 1 Kg or more and sensitive to 0.1 g or less) , Pycnometer (for use with gravimetric procedure), Flask (for use with volumetric procedure), oven

PROCEDURE :

ASTM C 128 07

Density and Absorption of F.A

PRC-1 Lab.

CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS ???

Density and Absorption of C.A

PRC-1 Lab.

DENSITY AND ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATES (ASTM C127 - 04 and AASHTO T85)
Scope :
This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of coarse aggregate particles (not including the volume of void s between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the coarse aggregate.

Terminology :
absorption; oven-dry (OD); saturated-surface-dry (SSD); density; density (OD); density (SSD); apparent density; relative density (specific gravity); relative density (specific gravity) (OD); relative density (specific gravity) (SSD); apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity)

Density and Absorption of C.A

PRC-1 Lab.

Summary of test method

A sample of aggregate is immersed in water for 24 +/- 4h to essenti ally fill the pores. It is then removed from the water, the water dried from t he surface of the particles, and the mass determined. Subsequently, the volum e of the sample is determined by the displacement of water method. Finally , the sample is oven-dried and the mass determined. Using the mass values thus obtained and formulas in this test method, it is possible to calculate density , relative density (specific gravity), and absorption.

Significance and use

ASTM C 127 - 04

Density and Absorption of C.A

PRC-1 Lab.

EQUIPMENT :
Balance (capacity of 5 Kg or more and sensitive to 0.5 g or less) , water tank, oven, wire basket and sample container.

PROCEDURE :
1. Select by the method of quartering a minimum of 3 Kg of coarse aggregate (reject all material passing a No. 4 sieve). 2. Thoroughly wash the aggregate to remove dust or other coatings from the surface of the particles.

3. Immerse the aggregate in water for a period of 24 hrs.

4. Remove the sample from the water and roll it in a large absorbent cloth until all visible films of water are removed (saturated surface dry moisture state).

Density and Absorption of C.A

PRC-1 Lab.

Towel drying the wet CA to achieve the SSD moisture condition needed for specific gravit y measurements

weighing the SSD aggregates

Density and Absorption of C.A

PRC-1 Lab.

5. Place CA in container and weigh immediately such that no wat er evaporates.

6. Place CA in basket under water and weigh.

Placing CA in wire basket for underwater measurements

Measurement of coarse aggregate under water

Density and Absorption of C.A

PRC-1 Lab.

Take special care to remove all entrapped air before weighing by shaking the container while immersed. The container should be immers ed to a depth sufficient to cover it and the test specimen during weighin g. 7. Weigh evaporating dish or tray.
NOTE :

8. Transfer CA to evaporating dish and d ry in oven for 24 hours. (temp. 100 to 110 degrees C). 9. Remove CA from oven, cool about one hour (to room temp.), weigh and record.
10. Calculate Bulk Specific Gravity, Appa rent Specific Gravity, Bulk Specific Gravi ty Saturated Surface Dry, and Absorption %.
Placing CA in the oven for drying overnight

Density and Absorption of C.A

PRC-1 Lab.

CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS ???

Density and Absorption of C.A

PRC-1 Lab.