Geometrical Constructions

1. Construct an equilateral triangle of Side 40 mm.

2. Construct a square of side 40 mm 3. Construct a regular pentagon of side 30 mm. 4. Construct a regular hexagon of side 30 mm. 5. Construct an octagon inscribed in a square of side 50 mm 6. Draw a circle of diameter 40 mm. 7. Bisect a given straight line of length 45 mm.
8. Bisect a given angle of 450.

9. Divide a straight line AB = 75 mm into six equal parts. 10. Draw an arc of radius 12 mm touching two straight lines at right angles to each other. 11. Draw an arc of radius 12 mm touching two straight lines which makes any angle between them. Two Dimensional constructions Conic Sections

Ellipse
1. Draw the locus of a point P moving so that the ratio of the distance from a fixed point

to its distance from a fixed straight line DD is 3/4. Point F is at a distance of 70 mm from DD. Also draw a tangent and normal to the curve.
2. A point moves such that the sum of its distance from two fixed points 100 mm apart is

always constant and is equal to 140 mm. Draw the locus of the point. Draw the tangent and normal for the curve at any point of it. 3. Construct an ellipse when its major axis is equal to 100 mm and its minor axis is equal to 65 mm.
4. The conjugate axes of an ellipse are 100 mm and 60 mm with an inclined angle of

60o. Construct an ellipse and determine its major and minor axes graphically.

Parabola

1. Construct a parabola when the distance between the focus and directrix is 30 mm. draw the Tangent and normal at any point on the curve.
2. A rectangle has sides AB = 16 cm and BC = 10 cm. Inscribe a parabola passing

through the point A and B and the midpoint E of the side CD. Find the Position of the focus and directrix of the parabola.

Hyperbola 1. The Vertex of the Hyperbola is 65 mm from its focus. Draw the curve if the eccentricity is 3/2. Draw also the tangent and normal to any point on the any point on the curve. 2. Trace the locus of the point, such that the difference between the distances of the point from the given two fixed points, 100 mm apart, is a constant which is equal to 80 mm. Also mark the asymptotes. 3. Construct a rectangular hyperbola. A point Q on the curve is 35 mm and 45 mm from the asymptotes. Draw the curve showing at least 4 points on either side of Q.

Cycloidal curves Cycloid 1. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on a straight line without slipping. Trace the locus of a point p on the circumference of the circle rolling for one revolution. Name the curve. Draw the tangent and normal to the curve at any point on the curve.

Epicycloids 1. Construct an epicycloids generated by rolling circle of diameter 50 mm and a directing circle of diameter 150 mm. Draw a tangent and normal to the curve at any point on the epicycloids.

Hypocycloid
1. Draw a hypocycloid of a circle of 40 mm diameter which rolls inside another circle of

200 mm diameter for one revolution. Draw a tangent and normal at any point on it. 2. Draw a hypocycloid when the radius of the directing circle is twice the radius of the generating circle. The radius of the generating circle is equal to 35 mm.

Involutes
1. Draw the involutes of a square of side 30 mm.

2. Draw the curve traced out by an end of a thin wire unwound from a regular hexagon of side 15mm, the wire being kept taut. Draw a tangent and normal to the curve at a point 90 mm from the centre of the hexagon.
3. Construct one involutes of a circle of diameter 30 mm. Draw the tangent and normal

at a point on the involutes 65 mm distant from the centre of the circle.

4. An inelastic string of 150 mm long has its one end attached to the circumference of a

circular disc of 40 mm diameter. Draw the curve traced by the other of the string when it is completely wound around the disc keeping the string always tight. Name the curve obtained. Draw the tangent and normal to the curve at a point distant 100 mm from the centre of the disc.

Unit II Projection of Points 1. A point A is 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections.
2. A point B is 20 mm above HP and 30 mm Behind VP. Draw its projections. 3. A point C is 20 mm below HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections.

4. A point D is 20 mm below HP and 30 mm Behind VP. Draw its projections.

5. A point E is 20 mm above HP and in VP. Draw its projections. 6. A point F is 30 mm behind VP and in HP. Draw its projections. Projections of Straight Lines
1. A line AB 60 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP.

The line is kept perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections. Also mark the traces.
2. A line AB 60 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP

the line is kept perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP. Draw its projections. Also mark the traces. 3. A line AB 60 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP the line is kept parallel to both HP and VP. Draw its Projections.
4. A line AB 60 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP.

The line is kept inclined at 400 to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections. Also mark the traces.
5. A line AB 60 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP.

The line is kept inclined at 400 to VP and parallel to HP. Draw its projections. Also mark the traces.
6. A line AB 55 mm long has its end A 25 mm above HP and in VP. The line is

inclined at an angle 450 to HP. Draw its Projections.

7. A line AB 55 mm long has its end A 25 mm in front of and in HP. The line is

inclined at an angle 450 to VP. Draw its Projections.

8. A line AB 70 mm long has its end A 15 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP.

Its top view has a length of 40 mm. Draw its projections and find the inclination of the line with HP.
9. A line AB 65 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP.

Its front view has a length of 35 mm. Draw its projections and find the inclination of the line with VP.
10. A line AB has its end A 20 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. It is inclined

at 400 to VP and parallel to HP. Draw its projections by taking the distance between the end projectors to be 50 mm. Also find the true length of the line.
11. A line AB has its end A 30 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Top view

measures 45 mm and it is inclined at 500 to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections. Also find the true length of the line.

12. A line AB 55 mm long is in HP and inclined to VP. The end A is 20 mm in front of VP. The length of the front view is 35 mm. Draw the projections of the line and also find the inclination of the line with VP.
13. A line AB 80 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP.

The line is inclined at 450 to HP and 350 to VP. Draw its projections.
14. A line AB 70 mm long has its end A 35 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP/

Top view and the Front View measures the length of 45 mm and 60 mm respectively. Draw its projections.
15. A line AB 75 mm long has its end A in both HP and in VP the Line is kept

inclined at 450 to HP and 300 to VP. Draw its projections.

16. A line AB 85 mm long has its end A 25 mm away from both the reference planes

and is in the first quadrant the line is inclined at 500 to HP and 300 to VP. Draw its projections.
17. One end A of a line AB, 75 mm long is 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of

VP. The line is inclined at 300 to HP and the top view makes 450 with VP. Draw the projections of the line and find the true inclination with the vertical plane.
18. A line AB 65 mm long has its end A 25 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP.

The line is inclined at 350 to VP. Draw its projections.

19. A straight line AB is inclined at450 to HP and 300 to VP. The point A is in HP and

the point B is in VP the length of the straight line is 70 mm. Draw the projections of the straight line AB. Also mark its traces. 20. A Line AB 85 mm long has its end A 25 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. HP and VP. 21. A line AB has its end A 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The other end B is 45 mm above Hp and 55 mm in front of VP. The distance between the end projectors is 60 mm. Draw its projections. Also find its true length and true inclinations with VP and HP.
22. The end of a line AB is 10 mm in front of VP and 20 mm above HP. The line is

inclined to 300 to HP and the front view is 450 with VP. Top view is 60 mm long. Draw the projections. Find the true length and inclination with VP. Locate the Traces. 23. A line AB 85 mm long has its end A 60 mm above HP and 65 mm in front of VP. The end B is 25 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Mark its traces. 24. A line AB measuring 75 mm long has one of its ends 50 mm in front of VP and 15 mm above HP. The top view measures 50 mm. Draw and measure the front view.

The other end is 15 mm in front of VP and is above HP. Determine the true inclinations and traces. 25. A line AB 80 mm long has one of its end 60 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. The other end is 15 mm above HP and in front of VP. The front view of the line is 65 mm long. Draw the top view and find the true inclination and traces.
26. A line AB has its end A in HP and 40 mm in front of VP. Its front view is inclined

at 500 to XY and has a length of 70 mm. The other end B us in VP, Draw its projections.
27. The mid point of a straight line AB 90 mm long is 60 mm above HP and 50 mm in

front of VP. It is inclined at 300 to HP and 450 to VP. Draw its projections.
28. A line AB is inclined at 300 to VP has its end 20 mm and 50 mm above HP. The

length of the front view is 65 mm and its VT is 10 mm above HP. Determine the true length of AB, its inclination with HP and its HT.

Trapezoidal Plane Method 1. A line AB has its end A 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The other end B is 45 mm above HP and 40 mm in front of VP. The distance between the end projectors is 60 mm. Draw its projections. Also find the true length and the true inclinations of the line with HP and VP and mark the traces. 2. A line AB has one of its ends 60 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. The other end is 15 mm above HP and 45 mm in front of VP. The front view of the line is 65 mm long. Draw its projections and find the true length, true inclinations and traces. 3. A straight line has its end A 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The other end B is 60 mm above HP and 65 mm in front of VP. The end of the line are on the same projector. Draw the projections. Find the true length, true inclinations of the line with HP and VP. Also mark the traces. 4. The distance between the projectors containing the HT and VT of a straight line AB is 120 mm and the distance between the projectors drawn from the end of the straight line is 40 mm. The HT is located 40 mm in front of VP and the VT is 35 mm above HP/ The end A of the line lies 15 mm above HP. Draw the projections and find its true length and true inclinations.

Projection of Planes

1. A square plate of side 40 mm has its surface parallel to VP and perpendicular to

HP . draw the projectons when one of the side is inclined at 300 to HP.
2. A square plate of side 40 mm has its surface perpendicular to both HP and VP.

One of the sides of the plate is inclined at 300 to HP. Draw its projections.
3. A pentagonal plate of side 30 mm is place with one side on Hp and the surface is

inclined at 500 to HP perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections.

4. A square plate ABCD of side 30 mm is resting on HP on one of its corners and the

diagonal AC inclined at 300 to HP. The diagonal BD of the plate is inclined at 45 0 to the VP and parallel to the HP. Draw its projections.

Projection of Solids 1. A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its base with two of its base sides are perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections.

2. A pentagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on one of its rectangular faces with its axis parallel to both Hp and VP. Draw its projections.
3. A hexagonal prism of base side 30 mm axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on one

of its base side with its axis inclined at 400 to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections. 4. A square pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on one of its triangular faces with its axis parallel to VP. Draw its projections.
5. A cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis length 70 mm is resting on HP on a

point on the circumference of the base whith its axis inclines at 50 0to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections.
6. A square prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on

one of its longer edges with its axis inclined at 350 to VP. One of the faces containing the resting longer edge is inclined at 250 to HP. Draw its projections. Section of Solids
1. A square prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on

one of its bases with a base side inclined at 250 to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 400 to HP and perpendicular to VP and is bisecting the axis of the prism. Draw its front view, sectional top view and the true shape of the section.
2. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 40 mm and axis length 75 mm is resting on HP

on its base with one of its base sides parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 350 to HP and perpendicular to VP and is bisecting the axis. Draw its front view, sectional top view, and the shape of the section.
3. A cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm rest on its base on HP. It is

cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 450 to HP. The cutting plane meets the axis at a distance of 15 mm from the top to base. Draw the sectional plane and true shape of the section.
4. A cube of 60 mm side has its base edges equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a

sectional plane perpendicular to VP. So that the true shape of the section is a regular hexagon locate the plane and determine the angle of inclination of the VT with the reference line XY. Draw the sectional top view. 5. A cone of base diameter 60 mm and axis length 70 mm is resting on HP on its base. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to a contour generator and is 10 mm away from it. Draw the front view, sectional top view and the true shape of the section. 6. A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its base with two of its base sides being perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a

plane perpendicular to VP and parallel to and 25 mm above HP. Draw its front view and sectional top view.

Development of Surfaces
1. A square prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its

base with a side of base inclined at 300 to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 40 0 to HP and perpendicular to VP and is bisecting the axis. Draw the development of the remaining portion of the prism.
2. Draw the development of the lower portion of the cylinder of diameter 50 mm and

axis is 70 mm when sectioned by a plane inclined at 400 to HP and perpendicular to VP and bisecting the axis.
3. A cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis length 70 mm is resting on HP on its

base. A cylindrical hole of 40 mm diameter is drilled on the surface of the cylinder. The axis of the hole intersects with the axis of the cylinder at right angles and bisects, the axis of the cylinder. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder.
4. A hexagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 65 mm is resting on HP on

its base, with two of the vertical faces being parallel to VP. A circular hole of diameter 40 mm is drilled completely through the prism such that the axis of the hole is perpendicular to VP and bisects the axis of the prism. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the prism showing the shape of the holes formed on it.
5. A square pyramid of base side 30 mm and altitude 65 mm is resting on HP on its

base with a side of a base inclined at 250 to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 35 0 to HP and perpendicular to VP and bisect the axis. Draw the development of the remaining lower portion of the pyramid.
6. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP

on its base with a side perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and parallel to VP and parallel to HP and meets the axis at 25 mm from the vertex. Draw the development of the remaining points of the pyramid.
7. A cone of Base diameter 50 mm and axis length 70 mm rests with its base on HP.

A section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 350 to HP bisects the axis of the cone. Draw the development of the truncated cone. 8. A hexagonal pyramid of side of base 30 mm and axis 70 mm rests on its base with edges of base parallel to VP. A circular hole of diameter 30 mm is completely drilled through the pyramid such that the axis of the hole is perpendicular to VP

and intersects the axis of the pyramid 20 mm above the base. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the pyramid showing the true shape of the hole formed on it. 9. A hexagonal pyramid side of base 30 mm and altitiude 65 mm rests on one of its triangular faces in the HP. The pyramid is cut by a horizontal cutting plane distance 15 mm from the highest point on the pyramid. Draw the development of the surfaces of the solid remaining below the cutting plane. 10. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and axis length 70 mm is resting on HP on its base. A square hole of 30 mm side is punched on the surface of the cylinder. The axis of the hole intersects with the axis of the cylinder at right angles and bisects the axis of the cylinder Draw the development of the surface of the cylinder. Isometric Projection 1. Draw the isometric view of the regular hexagon of side 30 mm placed with its surface parallel to HP and a side perpendicular to VP. 2. Draw the isometric view of a circular lamina of diameter 40 mm placed with its surface parallel to HP. 3. Draw the isometric view of a square plate of side 50 mm with fillet radius of 12 mm in the left lower and upper corners.
4. A hexagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on

its base with a side of parallel to VP. Draw the isometric view of the prism. 5. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm that is resting on HP on its base. 6. Draw the isometric view of a vertical cylinder of base diametern50 mm and axis length 60 mm. 7. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm placed with its axis perpendicular to VP. 8. A pentagonal pyramid, base 25 mm and height 65 mm stands with iths base on HP. An edge of the base is parallel to VP and nearer to it. A horixontal section plane cuts the pyramid and passes through a point on the axis at a distance 25 mm from the apex. Draw the isometric view of the frustum of the pyramid.
9. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and height 70 mm stands on HP with its base. It is

cut by a cutting plane inclined at 300 to HP cutting the axis of the cone at a height of 40 mm from its base. Draw the isometric view of the remaining part of the cone.

10. A cone of base diameter 30 mm and height 40 mm rests centrally over a frustum of a hexagonal pyramid of base side 40 mm, top side 25 mm and height 60 mm. draw the isometric projection of the solids. 11. Three square rods 25 mm x 25 mm cross section and lengths 80 mm and 50 mm are so nailed together that they form the letter H. Draw its isometric projection. 12. A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and height 40 mm has a square hole of side 16 mm at the centre. The axes of the square hole and the hexagonal prism coincide. One of the faces of the square hole is parallel to a face of a prism. Draw its isometric projection.

Perspective projection 1. Draw the perspective view of a square pyramid of base 30 mm side and height of apex 45 mm. the nearest edge of the base is parallel to and 20 mm behind the picture plane. The station point situated at a distance of 70 mm in front of PP and 40 mm to the right axis of the pyramid and 60 mm above the ground. 2. Draw the perspective projection of a square prism of base sides 40 mm and height 50 mm. one vertical lateral face is parallel to PP and 30 mm away from it the station point is 80 mm from PP 80 mm above the base and 60 mm to the right of the axis of the prism