Title : The dark side of Mr. Hyde as the reflected of Robert Louis Sevenson expressive approach A.

Background: Literary critisism as the branch of science that is discussing how is a literary work especially for a novel. A novel is consisting so much meaning to be figured out in the form of literary critisism. From the intrinsik and the extrinsik aspect. (Scholes & Kellog, 1981:9,10) stated that, the students of oral literature, such as Parry and Lord, have enabled us for the first time to perceive how written and oral literatures are differentiated and what the oral heritage of written narrative actually is. But in another way, the researcher will only focuse on the approach in analyzing novel, especially in expressive approach. (Abrahams, 1981:6) stated that 1. The approach that focuses the study on the work of art itself (without relating to the external factors) is called the objective approach. 2. The approach that focuses the study of the work of art in relation the universe is called the mimetic approach 3. The approach that focuses the study of the work of art in relation to the writer is called the expressive approach. So in this research, the researcher will try to figure out the essence of the novel DR. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde from the approach to the novels writer or the expressive approach. An expressive approach is needed to find out whether the author have the same characteristic or not to the character of novel or this novel is the imaging of the authors life. Actually the researcher is interested to Robert Louis Stevensons life. Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Eidinburgh as the son of Thomas Stevenson, a prosperus joint-engineer to the Board of Nothern Lighthouse. In 1867 he entered Eidinburgh University to study engineering. So many literary works created by

Robert Louis Stevenson. They are An Inland Voyage (1878), DR. Jekyll and MR. Hyde (1886), Treasure Island (1883), The Black arrow (1888), etc. He is one of the great man of letters beside Daniel Defoe and Mark Twain. The life of Robert Stevenson was very complicated, he was married with a widow and lived in Samoadi island in Pasific ocean. He started to write literary works when he was 15th years old. He was a dilligent writer. Robert Louis Stevenson died of a brain haemorrhage on December 3, 1894, in Vailirna, Samoa. His last work, Weirr of Hermiston (1896), was left unfinished, but is considered his masterpiece. The researcher consider that with the name of Robert Louis Stevenson, this research will be interesting to discuss. And the researcher think that this research will be useful for our daily life in order to give a good moral value to the readers. B. Identification Problem Considering the background above, the researcher identify the problem of this research as the analysis of expressive approach to the authors life. This research will be focused on the characteristic of Robert Louis Stevenson and Robert Louis Stevensons life which is related to his novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In the matter of hypothesis, the researcher assume related to Robert Louis Stevenson condition and characteristic. The situation and the condition of Robert Louis Stevenson in that era forced him to create a literary work in the form of the novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The researcher assume that, this research will be useful for the readers to learn the moral value from this research. C. Limitation of The Problem Based on the identification of the problem the researcher will limit the problem to the qualitative descriptive research data to the research of the social condition of Robert Louis Stevenson at that era and the characteristic of Robert Louis Stevenson related to Mr. Hyde as the bad character in the novel. The researcher will also answer

the question did Robert Louis Stevenson have bad side of his characteristic? and was it true if his social condition is not good at that era?

D. Formulating The Problem There are so many questions that may be appeared, but the researcher will only concern with the questions: 1. What is the bad side of Robert Louis Stevenson 2. How was the social condition of Robert Louis Stevenson? 3. How is the relationship of Mr. Hyde to Robert Louis Stevenson ?

E. Objective of The Research 1. To find out the bad side of Robert Louis Stevenson 2. To find out the social condition of Robert Louis Stevenson at that era 3. To find out the relationship of the character Mr. Hyde to Robert Louis Stevenson

F. Significance of The Research The significance of this research will be devided into some points. They are: For the researcher: ofcourse it will enrich the researchers knowledge in expressive approach for analyzing novels. For the readers : the researcher hope for the readers can take the noral value for lifes guidance. For the teachers : the researcher also hope it will be useful for teachers in order to analyzing the students work related to their literary works. G. Theoritical Framework. 1. Literature

Literature, literally translated, means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter), and therefore the academic study of literature is known as Letters (as in the phrase "Arts and Letters"). In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fictions and nonfictions. (www.wikipedia.com/literature). Kinds of literature: 1. Poetry 2. Prose 3. Essays 4. Fiction, etc (www.wikipedia.com/literature).

2. Approach Approach is come near something or somebody, begin to deal with something or somebody (Hornby, 2005:17). Approach in literary is used as the way to criticize the literary works itself. An approach will have its own way in criticizing the literary works. It can be different when we analyze a literary work by using A approach and B approach. 3. Expressive Approach The expressive approach is one that studies the relationship between a literary work and the writer, (Abrahams via Subhan, 2010:35). In this research the researcher will try to figure out the possibilty of this approach. 4. The Social Condition The social condition alsways consider as the situation whether it is in phsycological, economy, and politic in one area of which is influencing someones life. This social condition is believed as the inspiration of authors in producing their literary works. 5. The literary work

A literary work can be defined as a branch of literature dealing with words as raw material to create a picture, an idea or a story in a meaningful pattern. Yet words, being the backbone of the pattern, are not really of great importance if they aren't carefully manipulated into good syntactically structured sentences so as to convey the target idea in an artistic way. Literary works can be, a novel, a poem, an essay, etc 6. The Dark Side Personality disorders are ways in which personality persistently causes problems for oneself or others. Irregular emotions are a component of many personality disorders, which suggests a relation to Basic Emotions. One approach to understanding personality disorders is Psychoanalysis (www.greatideas.com). The dark side will always brings harm to the owner. For example, the owner will be hated by the society and the society will not accept this people. 7. Literary Critisism Literary critisism is the activity of studying literary woks seriously or academicallywith the target of making sound critical analysis on the literary works. Literary critisism consist of three important activities (Subhan, A Guide to Lyterary Critisism, 2010:4) 1. Making an analysis 2. Making an interpretation 3. Making a judgement on the values of the literary works. The researcher will concern on the bad side of Mr. Hyde related to Robert Louis Stevenson. And tthe researcher will try to find out the correlation between Mr. Hyde and the Author. 8. Literary Approach

(Abraham via Subhan, A Guide To Literary Critisism, 2010:32) stated that, there are 3 kinds of approach. They are 1. The approach that focuses he study on the work of art itself (without relating to the external factors) is called the Objective Approach. 2. The approach that focuses the study of the work of art in relation to the universe is called the Mimetic Approach. 3. The approach that focuses the study of the work of rch the art in relation to the writer is called th Expressive Approach. In this research, the researcher will try to analyze the novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde from the expressive approach. 9. Novel 1. A fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a plot that is unfolded by the actions, speech, and thoughts of the characters. 2. The literary genre represented by novels.( www.freedictionary.com). novel, in modern literary usage, a sustained work of prose fiction a volume or more in length. It is distinguished from the short story and the fictional sketch, which are necessarily brief. Although the novel has a place in the literatures of all nations, this article concentrates on the evolution of the novel in England, France, Russia and the former Soviet Union, and the United States (www.reference.com)

10. Author

1. a. The writer of a book, article, or other text. b. One who practices writing as a profession. 2. One who writes or constructs an electronic document or system, such as a website. 3. An originator or creator, as of a theory or plan. (www.freedictionary.com) H. Research Method a. Type of research The type of this research is library research. It means all sources of this research are taken from library. This type of researches is divided into two sub-chapters. They are subject of research and object of research. 1. Subject Research The subject of this research is the novel of Robert Louis Stevenson with the title Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. This novel consist of 240 pages. This novel was made in1886 and this novel is published by P.B.D Publications. 2. Object of Research The subject of this research will be the research to the character of Mr. Hyde as the bad character in this novel. Relating to Mr. Hyde as the bad chararacter, the researcher will relate the character to the character of the author, Robert Louis Stevenson. The researcher will try to figure out the question didthe author alsa have the bad side like Mr. Hyde? Or the social condition inspire the author to create the character. b. Data Collecting Method

Data collecting method will be devided into two steps, they are critical reading and documentation. And those both of steps will be explained as follow. 1. Critical Reading Critical reading is needed to find out information. The researcher needs to be critical in understanding the meaning that is explained by the author in his novel. In this steps the researcher will try to find out the relatinship between Mr. Hyde and the author. Critical reading needs to be read many time in getting the convincing data. 2. Documentation In this steps, the researcher is trying to make the proof to make this research convincing the readers. The researcher will note the information that is gotten from the step above and save it into documents. The researcher will use block note, data card, etc. c. Data Analyzing Method The researcher will use 1. Qualitative descriptive data. The researcher will try to collect the relevan information connected to the title of this research. Qualitative descriptive is the combination of two methods. It combines qualitative with descriptive. The data analyzed by using the qualitative descriptive method are as follow: 1) The main character of this novel. 2) The reflection of the authors life in this novel.

2. Domain Analysis (analysis of language of people in a cultural context) James

Spradley

(qualitativeresearch.ratcliffs.net/15methods.pdf).

Describe

social

situation and the culture pattern within it. Semantic relationship. Emphasize the meanings of the social situation to participants. Interrelate the social situation and culture meanings. Different kinds of domains: Folk domains ( their terms for domains), mixed domains, analytic domains (researchers terms for domains). select semantic relationships prepare domain analysis worksheet select sample of field notes (statements of people studied) look for broad and narrow terms to describe semantic relationships formulate questions about those relationships repeat process for different semantic relationship list all domains discovered.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Subhan, Bustami, 2010, A Guide To Literary Critisism, Yogyakarta, LPPDMF University press, Oxford, 2005, oxford learners pocket dictionary, New York http// qualitativeresearch.ratcliffs.net/15methods.pdf, retrieved on April 24, 2010 http// reference.com, retrieved on june 03, 2010 http// wikipedia.com, retrieved on june 06, 2010 http// freedictionary.com, retrived on june 06, 2010