SMA NEGERI 3 SEMARANG

SMA3SMG/WKAKA-KIM/QSR/004-00/08

LESSON PLAN School Subject Topic Class/ Semester Times Allocated : SMA Negeri 3 Semarang : Chemistry : The Development of Atomic Theory : X/ I : 2 x 45 minutes

A. Standard Competence 1. Comprehend atomic structure, the periodical properties of the elements and chemical bond B. Basic Competence 1. 1. Comprehend atomic structure based on atomic theory Bohr, element characters, relative atomic mass and periodic of element in periodic table and realize the regularity through electron configuration understanding C. Indicator 1. Comprehend the development of atomic theory starts from Daltons atomic theory up to atomic theory modern 2. Compare the development of atomic theory starts from Daltons atomic theory up to modern atomic theory 3. Explain the development of atomic theory to show the excess and weakness of each atomic theory based on experiment. D. The Purpose of Teaching-Learning 1. Students can comprehend the development of atomic theory starts from Daltons atomic theory up to atomic theory modern 2. Students are able to compare the development of atomic theory starts from Daltons atomic theory up to modern atomic theory 3. Students can explain the development of atomic theory to show the excess and weakness of each atomic theory based on experiment E. Main Material Daltons Atomic theory Thompsons Atomic Theory Rutherfords atomic theory Bohrs atomic theory Modern atomic theory

F. Resources and Media Susilowati, Endang, 2009, Theory and Application of Chemistry for Grade X of Senior High School and Islamc High School (p.03- 09 ), Solo: PT. Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri Sri Juari Santosa dkk, 2006, Kimia Kelas X Semester I untuk SMA dan MA (p. 18 -21 ), Klaten: Intan Pariwara Setyawan, Fuad, Buku Evaluasi Siswa Kimia Kelas X untuk SMA/MA Semester I, Klaten: Sinar Mandiri Presentation Slide, Flash Media, Students work sheet, LCD, Computer Internet G. Teaching Learning Method Giving information Group Discussion Giving task H. Learning Activities No Activities

PBKB Value

Time

Method

Resources

Assesment

01. Introduction Discipline Greeting Presensi Students listen to this apperception: Since century ago, the expert debated about the smallest part of thing. Their opinions: there is smallest material of thing. Democritus called it atom. That opinion started atomic theory and caused controversy. There are many people agree and disagree. How is the development of atomic theory? Is atom the smallest part of thing? 2. Main Activities Toleran Exploration Students listen for Ce delivering material about the development of Atomic Theory Students make group discussion in to 4 group

10 minutes

Giving informa tion

Observation on students attitude and response

15 minutes

Explan tion

Chemistry Books http://www .chem-istry.org/

Observation on students attitude and response

Group

3.

Every group gets one topic (1st sheet) Elaboration Every student in each group must be able to identify the weakness and strenght of topic Leader from each group presents about material that has been discussed in front of class. Students from different group give questions Students are guided by teacher in discussion Confirmation Some students are asked by techer for review the main point from the result of discussion Closing Activities Students and teacher make conclusion Students do evaluation test Students get home work

Commun icative

Discussi on 35 Presenta minutes tion

Observation 90% of students are active in the group discussion

Creative

10 minutes

Effective Questioning

Observation 90% of students are active in class

honesty

20 minutes

Observation 100% of students do the task

I. References Susilowati, Endang, Theory and Application of Chemistry for Grade X of Senior High School and Islamc High School (p. 33-42), Solo: PT. Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri Sri Juari Santosa dkk, Kimia Kelas X Semester I untuk SMA dan MA (p. 3844), Klaten: Intan Pariwara Setyawan, Fuad, Buku Evaluasi Siswa Kimia Kelas X untuk SMA/MA Semester I, Klaten: Sinar Mandiri http://www.unit5.org/christjs/develop%20 periodic%20table.htm J. Evaluation Evaluation Technique : Written test Instrument : Essay Respond : Minimum Completion Criteria Less than minimum Completion Criteria (76) More than Minimum Completion Criteria (76)

=76 = Remidial (examination) = Enrichment

K. SUBJECT MATTER The Development of Atomic Theory Atomic theory is made to enable in studying atomic properties. Atomic theory is not spontaneously emerged, however there are always perfection in line with science progress. 1) Daltons Atomic Theory In 1803, John Dalton proposed postulate about atom. The postulate was proposed based on quantitative measuring of chemical reaction. The content of Daltons postulate is as follows: a. Material consists of an amount of undividable tiny particles. The particles is called atom. b. Atom of an elements are identical in every matters either volume, form, or its mass and differ to atoms that construct other elements. c. In chemical reaction, it is happened atom fusion or fission. Further, the atoms will be rearranged to compose certain composition. d. Atoms can be joined with other atoms to construct a molecule with complete and simple comparison number 2) Thomsons Atomic Theory According to Thomson, atom should contain electron. Because atom is neutral then atom should contain positive charge and negative charge in equal amount. Therefore, according to this theory atom consists of material with positive charge which is within distributed electrons as raisin cake. Thomsons atomic theory didnt endure for a long time. It is because the theory doesnt explain about the existence of atomic nucleus. It is discovered by Rutherford. 3) Rutherfords Atomic Theory Simply, Rutherfords Atomic Theory can be described as follows. a. Most of the atom consists of vacuum. It is based upon the experiment result, namely most of alpha particles are passed when being passed in thin gold plate b. Particles which experienced turnings are alpha particles approached atomic nucleus. It is because both have positive charges. c. The reflected articles are alpha particles crashed atomic nucleus Likewise the previous atomic theories, Rutherfords atomic theory is also unable to explain about natural symptom, particularly about electrons which remains in its orbit. Though, according to Maxwell, a particle with charge and moves circular will emit

energy in radiation form. If Rutherfords atomic theory is true, electrons will one day fall in to nucleus. In another word electrons position according to Rutherfords atomic theory is unstable. Its contradicted to the reality that atom is stable. 4) Bohrs Atomic Theory Bohr proposed four postulates applied for explaining about hydrogen atom. The four postulates are as follows: a. Electron round the atomic nucleus in certain orbit. The orbit is the stationary state of the electron around the nucleus and in certain distance from nucleus. The state which electron may use being numbered 1, 2, 3, . The figure of the electron states explains atomic shell. b. During remains in its state, electron energy is fixed so that there will be no absorbed or emitted energy. c. Electron is movable only from one stationary state to another stationary state by absorbing or emitting energy pursuant to Planck equation namely, E= h.v d. The permitted stationary state of electron has multiple angle momentum of , ( = 3,14) 5) Modern Atomic Theory In 1926, Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961) applied mathematical concepts to reveal the atom model. The atom model is called as wave mechanics atom model or quantum mechanics. Schrodinger solved a mathematical equation to get a set of mathematical finctions called as wave function. The solution of the wave function results in three quantum numbers that show the probability area to find the electrons around the nucleus. The area is called orbital. L. INSTRUMENT Essay! 1. On what basis J. J. Thompson composed his atomic theory? 2. Please explain about atomic theory according to Rutherford based on his experiment! 3. Why was Rutherfords atomic Theory finally considered failed? 4. What is electron move around nucleus based on Bohrs atomic theory? 5. What is the cause of Bohrs atomic theory is declared failed? Key of Essay No. 01. Key Score Thompsons atomic theory based upon his experiment which successfully found electron. He felt it was alpha must create an atomic theory since Daltons atomic theory does not include electricity charge Rutherfords atomic theory can be described as follows: 20

02.

30

03. 04.

05.

a. Most of the atom consists of vacuum. It is based on the experiment result, namely most of alpha particles are passed when being passed in thin gold plate. b. Particles which experienced turnings are alpha particles approached atomic nucleus. It is because bothbhave positive charge c. The reflected particles are alpha particle crashed atomic nucleus. Because this theory cant explain about electrons which remains its orbit Electron around the atomic nucleus in certain orbit. The orbit is the stationary state of the electron around the nucleus and its certain distance from nucleus. During remains is in state, electron energy is fixed, so that there will be no absorbed or emitted energy. Because this theory is only to be applied for hydrogen atom, it is failed for other atom. Total

10 20

10

100

Semarang, 21 Juli 2011 Approved by, School Principal of SMAN 3 Semarang Teacher

Drs. HARI WALUYO, M. M NIP. 19640207 198803 1 016

Dra. WIDYA PRAHASTUTI NIP. 19600813 198803 2 005

1st Sheet Topic discussion No 01. 02. 03. 04. Group 1st Group 2nd Group 3rdGroup 4TH Group Topic Discussion Daltons atomic theory Thompsons atomic theory Rutherfords atomic theory Bohrs atomic theory

Intruction: 1. Understand and explain about the topic that you got. 2. Look for the strength and the weakness from the topic that you got 3. Listen to other groups presentation and compare the development of atomic theory to identify the weakness and strenght.

2nd Sheet Group Discussion Format Based on the description of atomic theory development. Compare those types according to these steps! 1. 2. 3. 4. Find the development between the types of atomic theory! Understand and explain about the topic that you got. Look for the strength and the weakness from the topic that you got Listen to other groups presentation and compare the development of atomic theory to identify the weakness and strenght. 5. Write down your answer in the following table! No. Topic Strength Weakness

01.

Daltons atomic theory

02.

Thompsons atomic theory

03.

Rutherfords atomic theory

04.

Bohrs atomic theory