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fiz; vf/koDrk]
bl ijh{kki;ksxh lkexzh dk ms'; vkidks vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk dh rS;kjh esa lgk;rk
iznku djuk gSA leLr lkexzh esa 20 fo"k;ksa dk lekos'k gSA
blls igys fd vki izdYi dks i<+uk 'kq: djs]a ge vki ls fuosnu djsx
a s fd vki vf[ky
Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk ls lacaf/kr bl xkbM dk v/;;u djsAa ;g vkidks ijh{kk dh rS;kjh esa lgk;rk
iznku djsxh] bldh lgk;rk ls vki vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk ls lacaf/kr y{; dk Bhd rjg ls
fu/kkZj.k dj ik,sxk] vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk ekSfyd ;ksX;rkvksa dk ijh{k.k gsA bldk ms'; Hkkjr esa
fof/k O;olk; ds fy, U;wure ekud r; djuk gSA
vkbZ;s vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk dh lajpuk rFkk dk;Ziz.kkyh ij ppkZ djrs gSaA
vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk dh dk;Ziz.kkyh
v-Hk-ck-i- esa 100 cgqfodYih; iz'uksa dk lekos'k gksxk] ;g iz'u ckj dkWmfly vkQ bafM;k }kjk lq>k;s
3 o"khZ; o 5 o"khZ; ikB~;e ds fo"k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSaA
bu fo"k;ksa dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA igyh Js.kh esa ewy ;k vk/kkj fo"k;ksa dks
j[kk x;k gSA tks dh fof/k ds cgqr cM+k Hkkx gS rFkk nwljh Js.kh esa fof/k O;olk; ls tqM+s uohu fo"k;ksa
dks LFkku fn;k x;k gSA
ijh{kk i= esa izFke Js.kh esa fo"k;ksa esa ls de ls de lkr iz'u izR;sd fo"k; ij vk/kkfjr gksxsA
f}rh; Js.kh ds leLr fo"k;ksa esa ls 23 iz'u fy, tk,saxsA ;s 23 iz'u f}rh; Js.kh ds de ls de ikWp
fo"k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksaxsA izFke Js.kh ds fo"k;ksa ds iz'u i= ds Hkkx ,d gksaxs rFkk f}rh; Js.kh ds fo"k;ksa
ds iz'u iz'u i= ds Hkkx f}rh; esa gksxAas
Js.kh izFke o Js.kh f}rh; ds fo"k; fuEufyf[kr gSA
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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fok;
oSdfYid fookn lek/kku
flfoy izf;k lafgrk ,oa ifjlhek vf/kfu;e
laoS/kkfud
lafonk dkuwu
ffeuy ykW&I % Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk
vijk/k izf;k lafgrk
izk:i.k] vfHkopu rFkk vfHkgaLrkrj.k
lk{; fof/k
fof/kkkL=
fof/kd vkpkj ,oa vf/koDrkvksa dh vkpkjlafgrk
lEifr dkuwu
Js.kh I I
izkklfud dkuwu
dEiuh ykW
i;kZoj.k ykW
ifjokj ykW
ekuo vf/kdkj dkuwu
Je rFkk vkS|kSfxd dkuwu
vid`R; fof/k
dkjk/kku ds fl)kUr
yksd vUrjkZVh; dkuwu
dqy izu
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
dqy 23 izu] ;g
izu Js.kh 2 ds
de ls de ikp
fok;ksa ij vk/kkfjr
gksx
a As
vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk dh lajpuk cgqfodYih; iz'uksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA vFkkZr~ lgh fodYi dks
OMR 'khV esa fpfUgr djuk gksxk ;g iz'u Kku rFkk rdZ ij vk/kkfjr gksxsA rkfd vkidks vf[ky
Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk i= gy djus ds fy, 3 ?k.Vk 30 feuV dk le; iznku fd;k tk,xkA
vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk vksiu cqd iz.kkyh ij vk/kkfjr gSA vFkkZr~
lkexzh] fdrkcs gLrfyf[kr uksV~l] Treatises rFkk ijh{kk mi;ksxh
ijUrq vki dks fo|qr midj.k tsls fd ySiVkWi] eksckbZy Qksu] jsfM;ksa
esa ykus dh vkKk ugha gSa ijh{kk ifj.kke mRrj iqfLRdkvksa dh tkWp ds
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
flQZ ;g crk;k tk,xk fd ijh{kkFkhZ fof/k O;olk; ds fy, ;ksX; gS ;k ugha vFkkZr~ ijh{kkFkhZ ijh{kk esa
mRrh.kZ gqvk gS ;k ugha fdlh Hkh izdkj ds izfr'kr ij lsUVkby Rank] rFkk vadksa dh ?kks"k.kk ugha dh
tk,xhA
ijh{kk ifj.kke ?kksf"kr gksus ds rhl fnol ds Hkhrj lQy vf/koDrkvksa dks ckj dkWmfly bafM;k ds
ps;jeSu }kjk gLrk{kfjr izek.k i= tkjh fd;k tk,xkA vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk dh rS;kjh ds fy,
dqN lq>ko vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kkdk ms'; ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dh dkuwu dh le> dk ijh{k.k djuk gS u
fd muds fu;eksa dks d.BLfk djus dh ;ksX;rk dkA vf[ky Hkkjrh; ckj ijh{kk ds 100 iz'u Kku rFkk
rdZ dh Js.kh esa foHkkftr gksaxsA
Kkr vk/kkfjr rFkk rdZ vk/kkfjr iz'uksa ds uewus fuEufyf[kr gSaA
Kku vk/kkfjr iz'u Js.kh ^A* iz'u
Js.kh ^A* iz'u vkidh fof/k dh le> dk ijh{k.k gS] mnkgj.k ds fy, iz'u % fuEufyf[kr esa ls ml
fodYi dks pqfu;s tks] Indra Sawhney Vs Union of India AIR 1993 SC 477) ds ekeys esa Hkkjrh;
lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 14 dks mfpr :i ls O;kf[kr djrk gSA
fodYi
&
vuqPNsn 32 ds v/khu mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fjV tkjh djus ds vf/kdkj dks vkikrdky dh
?kks"k.kk esa Hkh fujLr ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
&
flQZ uSlfxZd O;fDr gh ukxfjd ekus tkrs gSa rFkk flQZ uSlfxZd O;fDr;ksa dks gh lafo/kku ds
vUrxZr ewy vf/kdkj izkIr gSA
&
&
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 14 ds vuqlkj leku yksxksa ds lkFk leku O;ogkj gks rkfd
vleku O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk vleku O;ogkj gksA
&
^vkj{k.k* ds izko/kku ij Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vUrxZr fu"ks/k gS D;ksafd ;g lekurk ds vf/kdkj
vuqPNsn 14 dk mYy?ku gSA
lgh mRrj 'd'
rkfdZd iz'u Js.kh B iz'u
Js.kh B ds iz'u rkfdZd ;ksX;rk ds ijh{k.k ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSa] rFkk lkFk gh lkFk ;g vkidh le>
{kerk dk ijh{k.k gSA
mnkgj.k
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
A ,d vf/koDrk dks X Private Limited us U;k;ky; esa dEiuh dk izfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, lEidZ
fd;kA ;fn X izkbosV fyfeVsM ;g dsl gkjrh gS rks mls Hkkjh gtkZuk nsuk iM+sxk rFkk lEHkor og
viuk ykblsal Hkh [kks nsA X izkbosV daiuh iwjh rjg ls Y izkbosV fyfeVsM dh lgk;d daiuh gS rFkk
vf/koDrk A Y izkbosV fy- dk funsZ'kd gSA
fodYi
&
vf/koDrk A ekeys esa izfrfuf/kRo dj ldrk gS D;ksafd mlds X B izkbosV fyfeVsM esa /ku
laca/kh fgr ugha gSA
&
vf/koDrk A ekeys esa izfrfuf/kRo ugha dj ldrs D;ksafd os Y izkbosV fy- ds funsZ'kd gksus ds
ukrs X izkbosV fy- ds deZpkjh ekus tk ldrs gSaA
&
vf/koDrk A ds ekeys esa /ku lac/a khr fgr fufgr gS D;ksafd ,d foijhr ifj.kke X izkbosV fydks izHkkfor djsxk rFkk blls Y izkbosV fy- izR;{k :i ls izHkkfor gksxh ftldk dh A funs'kd gSA
&
vf/koDrk A ekeys dk izfrfuf/kRo dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd og izR;{k ls X izkbosV fy- ds funs'kd
in ij ugha gSA
&
vf/koDrk A dks ekeys esa dksbZ vkfFkZd fgr ugha gS] D;ksafd Y izkbosV fy- dk X izkbosV fy- ls
fHkUu O;kikfjd fgr gks ldrs gSaA vr% X ds fo:) fojks/k fu.kZ Y ij izHkko ugha MkysxkA
lgh tokc C
X izkbosV fyfeVsM ds fo:) foijhr fu.kZ; ds dkj.k dEiuh viuk ykblsl
a [kks ldrh gS ftlls Y
dks izR;{k :i ls izHkkfor gks ldrh gS rFkk pwafd X iw.kZ :i ls Y dh lgk;d gSA vr% A ds ekeys
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
fu;e 3 & d`Ik;k ;g /;ku j[ksa dh iz'uksa dk tokc nsus ds fy, vius ikl fuf'pr le; gSA ;g
vko';d gS fd iz'uksa ds lgh tokc fn;s tk,sa ijUrq ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd T;knk ls T;knk iz'uksa ds
lgh tokc fn, tk,A vkidks rhu ?k.Vk rhu feuV dks mfpr <ax ls ckaVuk gksxkA
&
gSaA
igys ds 05 feuV esa iz'u i= dh Ldsfa uax djds ;g lqfuf'pr dj ys]a fd mlesa iwjs 100 iz'u
&
&
&
vafre 05 feuV esa ;g lqfuf'pr djsa dh vkius mRrj iqfLrdk esa leLr vko';d lwpuk izfo"V
dj fns gSA
;g vko';d gS fd vki vH;kl iz'ui= dks gy dj le; izca/k djus dk iz;kl djsAa
fu;e 4 & vius detksj i{k dks tkus rFkk mls lQy djsA tc vki AIBE dh rS;kjh djsx
a s rks ik,sxs
fd vkids dqN {ks= detksj gS] tgk vkidks vad gkfly djus esa ijs'kkuh gks ldrh gSA ;gh vkids
detksj i{k gSA detksj i{k izR;sd O;fDr ds vyx&vyx gks ldrs gSaA ;g tkuuk dh dkSu lk {ks=
;k i{k vkiuk detksj gS cgqr vko';d gSA vc vxyk pj.k ml detksj i{k dks etcwr djuk gSA
leL;kvksa ds fu/kkZj.k esa lVhd jgs
&
D;k ;g xfr dk iz'u gS\ vkids fy, vko';d gS fd vki izR;sd iz'u ij r; le; nks feuV
gh [kpZ djs vU;Fkk vki ladV esa vk ldrs gSaA blds fy, vko';d gSA fd vki igys iz'uksa ds
NksVs&NksVs lsV~l ds lkFk vH;kl djsAa
&
D;k leL;k fof/k ds fdlh fo'ks"k {ks= ls gS\ ml iz'u fo'ks"k dks var esa gy djus ds fy, j[ks
rFkk 'ks"k iz'ui= dks gy j[kuk tkjh j[ksa rFkk vUr esa vkdj ml iz'u dks gy djsAa
&
D;k vkidks tYnh ls iz'u i<+us esa ijs'kkuh vkrh gSA dbZ ckj leL;k iz'u i= esa u gksdj dgha
vkSj gksrh gSA
bl ekeys esa vkidks ,d vke lek/kku fudkyuk gksxk vkidks viuh
dh vko';drk gS d`Ik;k v[kckj] ukscy vkfn i<+As
Reading Speed
ds ij dke djus
&
D;k vkidks yxkrkj rhu ?k.Vs rhl feuV ;ku dsfUnzr djus esa leL;k gksrk gS vkidh dYiuk
ls ijs ;g ,d T;knk O;kid leL;k gSA AIBE bl ifjis{; esa dkQh dfBu ijh{kk gS D;ksafd yxkrkj
rhu ?k.Vk rhl feuV /;ku yxkuk vklku ugha gSA bldk ,d vke mRrj ^vH;kl* gS] ijUrq vki
iz;kl djs dh mckm gksus dh fLFkfr esa tYnh ls vius eu dks okil fo"k; ij yxk;saA v/;;u ds
le; nksLrksa ds lkFk v/;;u djs]a lkewfgd v/;;u dk iz;kl djsAa
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
;g lHkh lq>ko ;k lykg izR;sd O;fDr ds ifjis{; esa dk;Z ugha djrh gS] vkidks bl ij iz;kl djuk
gksxkA ;fn dksbZ leL;k vkids ekxZ esa :dkoV gS rks ml ij fopkj dj mls nwj djsAa
ijh{kki;ksxh lkexzh ds iz;ksx lac/a kh xkbM
;g lkexzh fu;eksa] fl)kUrksa rFkk n`"Vkarksa dk ladyu gSA izdYi dk ms'; vHkh rd vkius tks Hkh i<+k
gS ;k lh[kk gS mldk LFkkiUu djuk fcYdqy ugha gS vfirq bldk ms'; vkids fof/k ds ewy Kku dks
fQj ls rktk djuk gSA
d`I;k vki www.barcouncilofindia.org ij fu;fer visit djsAa ;gk ekWMy iz'ui= rFkk vU;
egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh miyC/k gSA
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
laLFkkxr ek;LFke~
i{kdkjksa ds e; fdlh lafonk esa izk;% ,d
ek;LFke~ [kaM gksrk gS tks iwoZ fu/kkZfjr fu;eksa
ds varxZr ek;LFke~ izf;k dks iz'kkflr ,oa
lapkfyr djus ds fy, ,d laLFkk dks inkfHkfgr
djrk gSA bl izdkj dh laLFkkvksa ds mnkgj.k]
baVjuS'kuy pSEclZ vkWQ dkWelZ vkbZlhlh dk
ek;LFke~ U;k;ky;] yanu dksVZ vkWQ
baVjuS'kuy vkfcZUVs'ku ,y lh vkbZ ,] ,oa
vesfjdu vkfcZUVs'ku ,lksfl,'ku ,,, gSaA
laLFkk dh iz'kklfud ykxr] tks dkiQh gks
ldrh gS] cM+h fpark dk fo"k; ugha gksuh pkfg,]
laLFkkxr n`f"Vdks.k dks lkekU;r% rjthg nh
tkrh gSA muds fy, tks mls ogu dj ldrs
gS] laLFkkxr ek;LFke~ ds ykHk gS%
& iwoZ LFkkfir ,oa leqfpr mi;qDr fu;e ,oa
izf;k,a] tks lqfuf'pr djrs gSa fd ek;LFke~
rRdky izkjEHk gksrk gS vkSj lqxerk ls dk;Z
djrk gS;
& iz'kklfud ,oa rduhdh lgk;rk;
& ;ksX; ,oa vuqHkoh e;LFk;
& laLFkk }kjk e;LFkksa dh fu;qfDr] i{kdkjksa dks
bldk fuonu djuk pkfg, ;
& ek;LFkeksa ds lapkyu ds fy, HkkSfrd
lqfo/kk,a ,oa lgk;d lsok,a;
& vfuPNqd i{kdkjksa dks ek;LFke~ ds lkFk
vkxs c<+us ds fy, izksRlkgu esa lgk;rk;
& lqxe ekU;rk ,oa izorZu lqfuf'pr djrs gq,
vafre leh{kk ,oa fof/kekU; iapkV;
& dk;kZRed ykHk tks lqfuf'pr djrs gSa lnSo
mfpr ;ku fn;k tkrk gS; vkSj
rnHkZ ek;LFke~
^rnHkZ ek;LFke~* ,dek=k ml fo'ks"k ekeys ds
fy, l`ftr fu;eksa ds lkFk Lo;a i{kdkjksa vkSj
u fd dksbZ vtuch ;k laLFkk }kjk iz'kkflr
,d dk;Zokgh gSA
i{kdkj ek;LFke~ ds leLr igyqvksa ds laca/k esa
[kqn O;oLFkk djrs gSa] ftuesa dkuwu] ek;LFke~
ds lapkyu gsrq fu;e] e;LFk ds p;u dh
jhfr] ek;LFke~ dk LFkku] Hkk"kk] ,oa vafre vkSj
lcls egRoiw.kZ ek;LFke~ ds ek;e ls fuiVk;s
tkus okys eqs ,oa nk;jkA ;fn i{kdkj lg;ksx
dh Hkkouk ls ,d ek;LFke~ n`f"Vdks.k viukrs
gSa] rks rnFkZ dk;Zokfg;ka vf/kd yphyh]
mi;qDr] lLrh ,oa laLFkkxr ek;LFke~ dh
vis{kk vf/kd Rofjr gks ldrh gSaA
rnFkZ ek;LFke~ ls gkfu;ka%
& mPp Lrjh; i{kdkj fu;a=.k ftlesa var rd
i{kdkj lg;ksx dh vko';drk gksrh gS] D;ksafd
iwoZ LFkkfir fu;e ugha gksrs gSa] i{kdkj fuf";
ek;LFke~ [kaMksa okyk elkSnk rS;kj djus dk
tksf[ke mBkrs gSaA [kaM izk;% yEcs fooj.k okys]
'kk;n gh dHkh O;kogkfjd gksus okys vkSj
fofHkUu O;k[;kvksa ds fy, vfr laons u'khy ,oa
eqdnesckth dh vksj ys tkus okys gksrs gSa;
oS/kkfud ek;LFke~
QkLV Vd
s ek;LFke~@dsoy nLrkost ek;LFke~
i{kdkjksa dks lger gksuk pkfg, fd dksbZ Hkh
ekSf[kd lquokbZ vk;ksftr ugha dh tk,xh]
ek;LFke~ vf/kdj.k vius okn ds i{k esa
i{kdkjksa }kjk tek fd;s x;s nLrkostksa ds
lqUnze Qkbusl
a fyfeVsM cuke ,ubZihlh bafM;k
fyfeVsM] ,vkbZvkj 1999 ,llh 565 /kkjk 9 ds
fyfeVsM] ,vkbZvkj
e;LFkRkk
e;LFkrk ,d LoSfPNd] fookn&dsfUnzr] xSj
ck;dkjh xksiuh; vkSj lajfpr izf;k gS ftls
,d ,sls rVLFk vkSj fo'oluh; r`rh; i{k }kjk
fu;af=kr fd;k tkrk gS tks fo"ks'k lalwpukvksa]
ckrphr ,oa lkekftd dkS'ky dk mi;ksx djrs
gq, Lo;a fookfn;ksa }kjk ck;dkjh okrkZ lek/kku
dks lqxe cukrk gSA e;LFkrk izf;k dk
ifj.kke ,d fuiVku le>kSrk gS u fd ,d
fu.kZ;A e;LFkrk esa ;ku vfrr dh ?kVuk ds
fy, nks"k flf dh vis{kk laca/kksa ds fuekZ.k ij
e;LFk dk vkpj.k
e;LFk dks viuh rVLFkrk LFkkfir djus ,oa
izf;k ij fu;a=k.k djus dk iz;kl djuk
pkfg,] rFkk ,slk djrs gq, ,slh Hkk"kk dk
mi;ksx djuk pkfg, tks ikjLifjDrk ds
lk/kkj.k 'kCnksa lfgr rVLFk gS] tks lHkh
i{kdkjksa ij ykxw gksrh gSA mlds Loj 'kkar]
e;e] O;olk; dh rjg vkSj fopkj 'khy gksus
pkfg, vkSj mlds gko Hkko f'k"V gksus pkfg,A
fudVrk] vkW[k laidZ ,oa JO;rk lqfuf'pr
djus ds fy, cSBus dh O;oLFkk dks vo';
egRo fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
'kqHkkjaHk oDrO;
e;LFkrk dh izf;k e;LFk }kjk 'kqHkkjaHk
oDrO; ds lkFk izkjaHk gksrh gSA ;g oDrO;
e;LFkrk rduhd
e;LFkrk iwjh rjg fooknksa dks ifjofrZr djus
ls lacaf/kr gSA e;LFk dks i{kdkjksa ds e;
dM+okgV dks nwj djuk pkfg, rFkk rVLFk iqu%
fu:i.k dh rduhdh viukus] i{kdkj ds
vked vFkok HkM+dkmQ c;ku esa ldkjkRed
t:jrksa ij ;ku dsfUnzr djrs gq, fujkin <+x
ls lq/kkj djus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A
Hkkoukvksa dk izca/u
Hkkoukvksa dk lkeuk djrs le; mudh Lo;a dh
izfrf;k ls ifjfpr gksuk visf{kr gSA Hkkoukvksa
ds izca/u ds fy, j.kuhfr;ksa esa 'kkfey gSa%
& dqN izdVhdj.k Lohdkjuk] ;|fi vf/kekur%
futh l=k esa_
& Hkkoukvksa dh bZekunkjh lR;kfir djus ds
fy, lf; lquokbZ dk mi;ksx djuk_
& Hkkouk ds lzkrs ;k dkj.k dh igpku djuk
vkSj dkj.k dk lek/kku djuk] u dh O;ogkj
dk_
& O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kus ij cy nsuk_
& fdlh nh gqbZ fLFkfr ds HkkoukRed izHkko ds
izdVhdj.k gsrq ;k ,d nwljs ds izfr viuh
Hkkoukvksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, i{kdkjksa
dks vkeaf=kr djuk_ vkSj
&foJke lq>kukA
xfrjks/ izca/u
xfrjks/ dk lkeuk djrs gq, bu n`f"Vdks.kksa esa
ls ,d ;k vf/kd dks viukuk pkfg,%
& dk;Zokgh dks futh ,oa la;qDr l=kksa ds e;
ifjofrZr djrs gq, i{kdkjksa ls ;g lR;rk tkap
djkuk fd mudk ekeyk dSls ^iQqyizwiQ* gS_
& fdlh i{kdkj ds odhy ds lkFk futh l=k
vk;ksftr djuk] ;fn mlus vius eqofDdy dks
viq"V lykg nh gS] tks eqdnes esa vlR; :i ls
liQyrk ds izfr vk'oLr gks ldrk gS_
& izfrHkkfx;ksa dks psrkouh nsuk @ fLFkfr dks
Lohdkj djus ds fy, i{kdkjksa dks ,d lkFk
ykuk_
fuiVkjk djkj
fuiVkjk djkj fyf[kr esa gksuk pkfg, vkSj blesa
pkfg, fd%
& i{kdkjksa ds Hkfo"; esa laca/ ds ckjs esa dFku
'kkfey gks_
& fuiVkjk dk;kZUo;u izR;sd i{kdkj ds nkf;Ro
dk o.kZu gks_
& Li"V] laf{kIr] iw.kZ] Bksl] ;FkkFkZoknh] vkSj
O;kogkfjd gks_
& larqfyr gks vkSj izR;sd i{kdkj ds ykHk dks
n'kkZrk gks_
& ldkjkRed gks] fcuk fdlh nks"k ewY;kadu
ds_ vkSj
& xSj&vkykspukRed Hkk"kk esa vfHkO;Dr gksA
,d fuiVkjk djkj dk elkSnk vf/kekur%
e;LFk }kjk rS;kj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ;|fi
bls i{kdkjksa }kjk Hkh rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
djkj dk elkSnk rS;kj djus okys e;LFk dks
fuiVkjs ds fu;eksa dk ekSf[kd :i ls ikBu
e;LFkrk dh lekfIr
e;LFkrk izf;k] tks fd i{kdkjksa ds iz;klksa dk
izfriQy gS] fd lqxe lekfIr e;LFk dks
lqfu'pr djuh pkfg,A ;fn izf;k esa 'kkfey
i{kdkj vafre fu.kZ; ij ugha igqaprs gSa] rks
e;LFk dks bl vk'kk ds lkFk i{kdkjksa dks
izxfr ds fy, c/kkbZ nsuh pkfg, fd fuiVkjk gks
tk,xkA foiQy e;LFkrk tSlh dksbZ ckr ugha
gSA
;fn i{kdkj vafre fu.kZ; esa igqap tkrs gSa] rks
e;LFk dks i{kdkjksa dks c/kkbZ nsuh pkfg,A
e;LFkrk fuiVkjk djkj dh rhfFk dks lekIr
gksrh gSA
lqygdrkZ dh Hkwfedk
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okn ds i{kdkj
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vFkok
fo'ks"kuh;
Hkh
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or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicalble civil and criminal law remedies
gS]
ls
rks
ns
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. all rights reserved. Any unauthorised use
or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicalble civil and criminal law remedies
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3-
fy,
4-
ijh{k.k
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. all rights reserved. Any unauthorised use
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izkFkZuki=
lk{; dk
}kjk gh
41 fu;e
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. all rights reserved. Any unauthorised use
or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicalble civil and criminal law remedies
4
5
10
11
12
vkns'k 35 ds fu;e 3 ;k 4 ;k 6 ds
vUrxZr
vUrjkfHkopuh;
oknksa
(interpleader suit) esa vkns'kA
13
vkns'k 38 ds fu;e 2 ;k 3 ;k 6 ds
vUrxZr vkns'kA
14
15
16
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. all rights reserved. Any unauthorised use
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18
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
rFkk
vuqlwfpr
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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vfHkkalu
(Self-incrimination)
ls
V.
Proprietors,
Indian
Express
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
ds
dkj.kksa
dk
ls
Lora=rkA
mPpre U;k;ky; us fxjrkjh o fujks/k ls
lacaf/kr O;kid fnkk funsZk lq>k,sa gSA (D.K.
Basu V. State of West Bengal, (1977) 1
SCC 416).
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vuq- 32 ds v/khu izkM~U;k; dk fl)kar vuq136 ij Hkh ykxw gksxkA (P.S.R. Sadhanathan
V. Arunachalam, (198 3 SCC 141)
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Hkkx
IV & A ekSfyd
drZO;
Union of India)
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
^^jkT;**
izR;sd jkT; dk ,d jkT;iky gksxk vuq- 153
ftldh fu;qfDr jk"Vifr }kjk dh tk,sxh vuq153 rFkk jkT; dh leLr dk;kZRed 'kfDr
jkT;iky esa fufgr gksxh vuq- 154
jkT;iky dh jkT; dh dk;kZRed 'kfDr;k
jk"Vifr ds dsUnz dks dk;kZRed 'kfDr;ksa ds
rqyukRed gSA
lafo/kku }kjk dqN foosdkf/kdkj dh 'kfDr;ksa dks
NksM+dj jkT;iky jkT; ds ea=h ifj"n dh
lykg ij dk;Z djrk gSA Samsher Singh Vs
State of Punjab 1974 2 SCC 831
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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U;k;ikfydk
la?kh; U;k;ikfydk Hkkx 4
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk 124 ;g O;oLFkk djrk gS
fd Hkkjr esa mPpre U;k;ky; gksxk tks fd ,d
eq[; U;k;k/kh'k rFkk vU; U;k;/kh'kksa vU;
U;k;/kh'kksa dh la[;ka dk izko/kku laln }kjk
fd;k tkrk gS dk lewg gksxk mPpre
U;k;ky; dh lHkh ttksa dh fu;qfDr jk"Vifr
}kjk dh tkrh gS jkVifr U;k;k/khkksa dh
fu;qfDr mPpre U;k;ky; rFkk mPp U;k;ky;ksa
ds ,sls U;k;k/kh'kksa ls ^ijkekZ* (consultation)
djus ds ipkr~ ftuls bl iz;kstu ds fy, og
vko;d le>sA
mPpre U;k;k/kh'k 65 o"kZ dh vk;q rd vius
in ij cus jgrs gS os R;kxi= }kjk viuk in
NksM+ ldrs gS vU;Fkk mUgas jk"Vifr ds vkns'k
}kjk] ftldk fd vuqeksnu lnu ds nksuksa
lnukas esa 2 frgkbZ cgqer ls fd;k gks gVk;k tk
ldrk gSA mPpre U;k;ky; ,d vfHkys[k
U;k;ky; gS vuq- 129 vFkkZr~ blds fu.kZ; vkSj
dk;Zokfg;k fyf[kr gksrh gSA mUgsa loZnk latks;s
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
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U;k;ky;
us
State
of
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
mPp U;k;ky; vuq- 1331 vuq- 1321 vuq1341 ds vuqlkj fMh] fu.kZ; rFkk vafre
vkns'k ns ldrk gS mPp U;k;ky; fuEu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa izek.k i= tkjh dj ldrk gS
d ;fn og ,slk djuk mfpr le>rk gS] rks
og viuh bPNk ls ,slk dj ldrk gS ;fn
vkns'k] fMh ;k n.Mkns'k ikfjr gks tkus ds
i'pkr O;fDr i{kdkj }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls
ekSf[kd vkosnu djrk gS
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mPp U;k;ky;
vuq- 124 ds vuqlkj jkT;&U;k;ikfydk jkT;ksa
ds mPp U;k;ky; vkSj mlds v/khuLFk
U;k;ky;ksa ls feydj xfBr gksrh gSA izR;sd
jkT; esa ,d mPp U;k;ky; gksrk gSA mPp
U;k;ky; ,d vfHkys[k U;k;ky; gS mls og
lHkh kfDr;k izkIr gSa ftuds vuq:i ;g viuh
voekuuk djus okyksa dks nf.Mr dj ldrk gSA
vuq- 215
mPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;/khk rFkk vU;
U;k;/khkksa dh fu;qfDr jkVifr }kjk dh tkrh
gS rFkk ;g vius in ij 62 lky dh mez rd
cus jg ldrs gSaA vuq- 217 vuq- 124 Hkkx 4
o 5 esa of.kZr mica/k] tks dh mPpre U;k;ky;
ds U;k;k/kh'kksa dks in ls gVkus ds fy, gS] os
mPp U;k;ky; ds lanHkZ esa oSls gh ykxw gksaxs
tSls os mPpre U;k;ky; ds lac/a k esa ykxw gksrs
gSA vuq- 218 jk"Vifr Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;/kh'k
ls ijke'kZ djus ds i'pkr fdlh mPp U;k;ky;
ds U;k;/kh'k dk ,d mPp U;k;ky; ls nwljs
mPp U;k;ky; dks varj.k dj ldsxkA vuq222
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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pquko vk;ksx
laln rFkk izR;sd jkT; ds fo/kku e.My ds
fy, djk, tkus oky lHkh fuokZpuksa ds fy,
rFkk jk"Vifr rFkk mijk"Vifr ds pqukoksa ds
fy, fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj djrk gS vkSj mu
lHkh fuokZpuks dk lapkyu] v/kh{k.k] funs'ku]
rFkk fu;a=.k djrk gSA vuq- 324
pquko vk;ksx }kjk
n`"Vkar & erx.kuk ds nkSjku fgalk rFkk minzo
gksus ds dkj.k leLr pquko fujLr fd;k tkrk
gS] rFkk iqu% ernku djk;s tkrs gSA vuq- 324
ds vuqlkj uSlfxZd U;k; ds vuq:i pquko
vk;ksx izR;kf'k;ksa ds fopkjksa dks lqu ldrk gSA
D;ksafd blls muds izR;{k fgr tqM+s gq, gSA
ijUrq ;g vko';d ugh fd pquko vk;ksx
leLr vke tu dks bldh lwpuk ns ;fn
vk;ksx dks ns Hkjkslk gks tk,s dh viukbZ xbZ
izf;k esa [kkfe;k FkhA (Mohindra Singh
Gill V. Chief of Election Commision
(1978) 1 SCC 405)
n`"Vkar & pquko vk;ksx ;g funsf'kr djrk gS
fo/kkulHkk pquko esa ernku bySDVkfs ud oksfVax
e'khu }kjk djk;k tk;sxkA ijUrq ;g ?kks"k.kk
Representation of People Act 1951
ds izko/kkuks ds fo:} Fkh] tks fd flQZ ekuoh;
ere.kuk dk izko/kku djrk FkkA ekeys dh
U;k;ky; us ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k fd ,d gkjk
gqvk izR;k'kh e'khu ds iz;ksx dh oS/kkfudrk ij
iz'u yxk ldrk gSA U;k;ky; us ;g Li"V
fd;k fd vuq 324 esa mfYyf[kr v/kh{k.k]
funs'ku rFkk fu;a=.k 'kCnks dk ihNs ds ifjf'k"V
ls gS u fd mlds oSdfYid fuekZ.k ls bl
izdkj ;g ,d l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk fufeZr fof/k
ds fo:} ugh gks ldrk (A.C.Josevs
Sivan Pillai (1984) 2SSCC656).
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izR;kfir
lHkh
v/;kns'kksa
ds
vFkok
laln
;k
jkT;
Hkkx 17
jktHkk"kk
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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fo/kkue.My ls
fHkUu jkT; ds fdlh
fudk; ;k izkf/kdkjh esa fufgr ;k mlds
}kjk iz;ksDrO; lHkh ;k dksbZ 'kfDr;ka vius
gkFk esa ys ldsxk%
[k ;g ?kks"k.kk dj ldsxk fd jkT; ds fo/kku
e.My dh 'kfDr;ka laln~ }kjk ;k mlds
izkf/kdkj ds v/khu iz;kDrO; gksaxh%
x jkT; ds fdlh fudk; ;k izkf/kdkjh ls
lacaf/kr bl lafo/kku bl lafo/kku ds fdUgha
mica/kksa ds izorZu dks iw.kZr% ;k Hkkxr%
fuyafcr djus ds fy, mica/kksa lfgr ,sls
vkuq"kafxd vkSj ikfj.kkfed mica/kksa dj
ldsxk tks mn~?kks"k.kk ds mn~ns';ksa dks izHkkoh
djus ds fy, jk"Vifr dks vko';d ;k
okaNuh; izrhr gksa %
bl [kaM dh dksbZ ckr jk"Vifr dks mPp
U;k;ky; esa fufgr ;k mlds }kjk iz;ksDrO;
fdlh 'kfDr dks vius gkFk esa ysus ;k mPp
U;k;ky;ksa ls lacaf/kr bl lafo/kku ds fdlh
mica/k ds izorZu dks iw.kZr% ;k Hkkxr% fuyafcr
djus ds fy, izkf/kr ugha djsxhA ;g
mn~?kks"k.kk laln ds nksuksa lnuksa esa eatwjh ds
ckn gh fd;k ldsxhA
vuq- 356 ds v/khu jk"Vifr dh 'kfDr U;kf;d
iqujkoyksdu dk fo"k; gS] jk"Vifr dks
ifjfLFkfr dk lek/kku fo"k;xr gS] ijUrq ;g
rF;xr ifjfLFkfr ij vk/kkfjr gksuk pkfg,A
;fn 'kfDr dk iz;ksx fo}s"k dh Hkkouk ls fd;k
x;k gS] rks ;g fu.kZ; fujLr fd;k tk ldrk
gSA jk"Vifr dks rF;ksa dks U;k;ky; esa izLrqr
djuk pkfg,] U;k;ky; rF;ksa dh lR;rk dh
tkap ugha dj ldrk] ijUrq og fu.kZ; dks rF;ksa
ds vk/kkj ij tkap ldrk gSA ;fn U;k;ky; dks
;g lek/kku gks bl fu.kZ; dks fujLr dj
c[kkZLr ljdkj dks cgky dj ldrk gSA (SR
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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pquko
cgqnyh;
iz.kkyh
(People's
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
Hkkx 21
625);
Hkkx&22
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
izihM+u
vlE;d vlj
diV
nqO;Zinz 'kZu
Hkwy
(a)
(b)
nqO;Zins'ku %
nqO;Zins'ku ls vfHkizsr gS vkSj mlds vUrxZr
vkrs gSa
1- ml ckr dk tks lR; ugha gS] ,sls
izdkj ls fd;k x;k fu'p;kRed iz[;ku
tks ml O;fDr dh] tks mls djrk
gS]tkudkjh ls lefFkZr u gks] ;|fi og
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
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1- vo;Ld (Minor)
2- forfpk dk O;fDr] rFkk
3- og O;fDr ftls ml fof/k ds }kjk]
ftlds og vUrxZr gS] lafonk djusls
fujfgZr ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;k gSA
vO;Ld &,d vO;Ld ds lkfk dh xbZ lafonk
Void ad initio ?kksf"kr gksrh gSA
n`"Vkar & dherh izfrQyksa ds lanHkZ esa vo;Ld
lafonk dks izHkkoh dj ldrs gSaA gkWykafd os
ftEesnkfj;ksa dk fuokZg ughadj ldrsA ijUrq os
dherh lkeku dk vf/xzg.k dj ldrs gSA
(Firm Bhola Ram Harbans Lal Vs. Bhagat
Ram, AIR 1927 Lah 24)
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
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gkoM+k dk Municipality
Commissionery vke turk us Town Hall ds
fuekZ.k ds fy, pank bDdVBk djusdk vkOgku
djrk gSa A 100 :i;s pank nsus dk oknk djrk
gSa tc mfpr pank bDdV~Bk gks tkrk gSA rc
Municipality Commissionary bl ckr ij
Hkjkslk djds fd M.T yksxksa us pank nsusdk oknk
fd;k gS os yksx pank nsxsaA
n`"Vkar
&
fd
dk
og
;k
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
eSUVsusl
a rFkk pSEiVhZ & tc dksbZ O;fDr fdlh
nwljs O;fDr dks blfy, /ku nsrk gS fd
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
ER Rep 461)
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
pSd dk vuknj.k
fufpr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa pSd dk ys[khiky n.M
dk Hkkxh gksxk] ftlesa fehuy naM dk Hkkxh
gksxk] ,slk djus ls pSd dh Lohdk;Zrk c<+rh gS
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies .
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised
use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised
use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised
use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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fd;k fd
"The short question before us is was the
High Court rightinits view that when a
Magistrate directs an enquiry under S.202
of the Code of Criminal Procedure for
ascertaining the truth or falsehood of a
complaint and receives a report from the
enquiring officer supporting a plea of selfdefence made by the person complained
against, it is not open to him to hold that
the plea is correct on the basis of the
report and the statements of witnesses
recorded by the enquiring officer? Must
he, as a matter of law, issue process in
such a case and leave the person
complained against to establish his plea of
self-defence at the trial? It may be pointed
out here that the High Court itself
recognised that it would nolt be correct to
lay down a proposition in absolute terms
that whenever a defence under any of the
exceptions in the Indian Penal Code is
pleaded by the person complained against,
the Magistrate would not be justified in
dismissing the complaint and must issue
process. Said the High Court: "As we have
already observed, if there is a complaint,
which itself discloses a complete defence
under any of the exceptions, it might be a
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izkbosV izfrj{kk
lafgrk dh /kkjk 96&106 izkbosV izfrj{kk dk
izko/kku djrh gSA ;s O;fDr ds vius thou
rFkk lEifk dh lqj{kk ds vf/kdkj dk nwljksa
ds voS/k R; ls lqj{kk nsrk gSA
lafgrk dh /kkjk 96 & dksbZ ckr vijk/k ughaa
gS] tks izkbosV izfrj{kk ds vf/kdkj ds iz;ksx esa
dh tkrh gSA
lafgrk dh /kkjk 97 & /kkjk 99 esa vUrfoZ"V
fucU/kuksa ds v;/khu] gj O;fDr dks vf/kdkj
gS] fd og ekuo 'kjhj ij izHkko Mkyus okys
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/kkjk
299
esa
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use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2- izkbosV izfrj{kk
3- yksd lsod ds R;
4- vpkud yM+kbZ
5- lgefr
lafgrk dh /kkjk 299 rFkk 300 es vUrj &
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised
use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
Li"V fd;k fd
lafgrk dh /kkjk 377 }kjk O;Ldks }kjk ,dkar
esa vke ls ;kSu d`R; dks vkijkf/kd ?kksf"kr
dj lafo/kku dh /kkjk 21] 14] rFkk 15 dk
mYya?ku gSA
lafgrk dh /kkjk 377 fcuk lgefr ds xqnk
eSFkqu] i'kq eSFkqu vkfn dks vijk/k ekurh
jgsxhA
18 o"kZ ls de vk;w dk O;fDr ds lanHkZ esa ;g
ekuk tk,xk fd og ;kSu d`R; ds fy, viuh
Lohd`fr ugha ns ldrkA
lgefr ds fo#) vijk/k
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised
use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised
use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
***
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised
use or reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
gSA ;wfa d ;g
gS vr% blesa
esa Hkh iz;qDr
ls ifjHkkf"kr
vijk/k dk oxhZdj.k
lafgrk dh izFke vuqlwph esa vijk/kksa dh lwph gS
rFkk ;g muds laca/k esa izf;kRed tkudkjh
iznku djrh gSA vuqlwph ls tks vijk/k
tekurh; rFkk vtekurh; gS mUgsa lafgrk dh
/kkjk 2a esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA gkWykafd
nwljs fo/kku ;k dkuwu Hkh tekurh; rFkk
vtekurh; dks ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy, izFke vuqlwph ds vuqlkj
Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 323 ds vUrxZr
fd;s x;s vijk/k tekurh; gS] ogh Hkkjrh;
n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 326 ds varxZr fd;s x;s
vijk/k
vtekurh;
gSA
Information
Technology Act 2000, dh /kkjk dh /kkjk 77B
ds vuqlkj Information Technology Act
2000 ds varxZr fd;s x;s lHkh vijk/k rhu o"kZ
ds dkjkokl ls n.Muh; gSa rFkk ;s tekurh;
gksxsA
tekurh; vijk/k og vijk/k gksrs gSa tks izFke
vuqlwph esa tekurh; ds :I esa fn[kk;k x;k gS
;k rRle; izo`k fdlh vU; fof/k }kjk
tekurh; cuk;k x;k gSA
ogh vtekurh; vijk/k og vijk/k gksrs gSa tks
ftuesa tekur dk izko/kku ugha gksrk rFkk
vijk/kh dks flQZ U;k;ky; ds foosdkf/kdkj ij
gh NksM+ tk ldrk gSA
/kkjk 2(c), 2(1) laKs; rFkk vlaKs; vijk/k
laKs; vijk/k og vijk/k gksrs gSa] ftuesa iqfyl
vf/kdkjh izFke vuqlwph ;k rRle; izor` fdlh
gS u fd vijk/kh dkA
lafgrk dh /kkjk 190 ds vuqlkj U;k;/kh'k fuEu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ekeys dk laKku dj ldrs gSaA
mu rF;ksa dk] ftuls ,slk vijk/k curk gS
ifjokn izkIr gksus ij
,sls rF;ksa ds ckjs esa iqfyl fjiksVZ ij
vkjksi
lafgrk dk v;k; 17 ^vkjksi* dk izko/kku djrk
gSA vkjksi dks ge ,d vkSipkfjd vkjksi ds :i
esa ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSa ftlds vk/kkj ij
U;k;ky; fopkj.k izkjEHk djrk gSa U;k;ky;
vkjksi ifjHkkf"kr ugha djrsA gkWykafd lafgrk dh
/kkjk 211 vkjksi ds rRoksa dk fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA
izR;sd vkjksi ds vUrxZr vijk/k dk mYys[k]
og fof'k"V uke ftlls vijk/k dh O;k[;kvks]a
dkuwu rFkk /kkjk rFkk vijk/k dk dk LFkku o
le; dk mYys[k gksuk pkfg,A lafgrk dh /kkjk
211 ls 214
lafgrk dh /kkjk 215 ds vuqlkj & vijk/k ds
;k mu fof'kf"V;ksa ds] ftudk vkjksi esa dfku
gksuk visf{kr gS] dFku djus esa fdlh xyrh dks
vkjksiksa dk la;kstu
lafgrk dh /kkjk 218 ;g izko/kku djrh gS fd
izR;sd lqfHkUu vijk/k ds fy,] ftldk fdlh
O;fDr ij vfHk;ksx gS] i`Fkd~ vkjksi gksxk vkSj
,sls izR;sd vkjksi dk fooj.k i`Fkdr% fd;k
tk,xk%
ijUrq tgk vfHk;qDr O;fDr] fyf[kr vkosnu
}kjk] ,slk pkgrk gS vkSj eftLVsV dh jk; gS
fd mlls ,sls O;fDr ij izfrdwy izHkko ugha
iMs+xk ogk eftLVVs ml O;fDr ds fo:)
fopjfpr lHkh ;k fdUgha vkjksia ksa dk fopkj.k
,d lkFk dj ldrk gSA
lafgrk dh /kkjk 219 ;g dgrh gS fd & tc
fdlh O;fDr ij ,d gh fdLe ds ,sls ,d ls
vf/kd vijk/kksa dk vfHk;ksx gS tksmu vijk/kksa esa
ls igys vijk/k ls ysdj vafre vijk/k rd
ckjg ekl ds vUnj gh fd, x, gS] pkgs os ,d
gh O;fDr ds ckjs esa fd, x, gksa ;k ugha] rc
ml ij muesa ls rhu ls vukf/kd fdrus gh
vijk/kksa ds fy, ,d gh fopkj.k esa vkjksi
yxk;k vkSj fopkj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lafgrk dh /kkjk 220 ds vuqlkj & ;fn ijLij
lEca) ,sls dk;ksZa ds] ftuls ,d gh lO;ogkj
curk gS] ,d e esa ,d ls vf/kd vijk/k ,d
gh O;fDr }kjk fd, x, gS rks ,sls izR;sd
vijk/k ds fy, ,d gh fopkj.k esa ml ij
vkjksi yxk;k tk ldrk gS vksj mldk fopkj.k
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
n`"Vkar & d ,d O;fDr [k dks] tks fof/kiw.kZ
vfHkj{kk esa gSa] NqM+krk gS vkSj ,slk djus esa
dkaLVscy X dks] ftldh vfHkj{kk esa [k gS] ?kksj
migfr dkfjr djrk gSA d ij Hkkjrh; n.M
lafgrk lafgrk 1860 dk 45 dh /kkjk 225 vkSj
333 ds v/khu vijk/kksa ds fy, vkjksi yxk;k
djrk gS
vfHkokd
ij mls
gS rFkk
gSa rFkk
vijk/k
B dks
t:jr
lkSnk vfHkokd
lafgrk dk v;k; 21d dks 2006 esa la'kks/ku
}kjk tksM+k x;kA lafgrk dh /kkjk 265-A ls
2652 rd lkSnk vfHkokd dh izf;kvksa ds
lanHkZ esa izko/kku djrh gSa lafgrk dk ;g v;k;
mu vijk/kksa ij ykHk ugha gksxk tks jk"V dh
lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd fLFkfr ij izHkko Mkyrs
gSa] ;k efgykvksa rFkk 14 o"kZ ds de mez ds
cPpksa ds fo:) gSA dsUnzh; ljdkj lwpuk }kjk
,sls vijk/kksa dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrh gS tks jk"V
dh lkekftd vkfFkZd fLFkfr ij izHkko Mkyrs
gSaA lafgrk dh /kkjk 265e ekeys ds fuiVkjks
ds laca/k esa gSA
vihy] funsZ'k rFkk iqujh{k.k
vihyh; U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkj Vk;y dksVZ ds
leku gksrs gSaA lafgrk dh /kkjk 386 vihy
U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr dk izo/kku djrh gS dbZ
ekeyksa esa U;k;ky; us ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd
vihy fopkj.k dk gh vfxze Hkkx gS rFkk vihy
U;k;y; dks lk{; ysus dk vf/kdkj gsa lafgrk
dh /kkjk 391 ds vuqlkj vihy U;k;ky; lk{;
ys ldsxk ;k muds fy, tkus dk funsZ'k ns
ldsxkA ;gk ;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd
/kkjk 394 ds v/khu /kkjk 377 ;k /kkjk 378 ds
v/khu izR;sd vU; vihy dk vfHk;qDr dh e`R;q
ij vfUre :i ls mi'keau gks tk,xkA
nks"kflf) ls vihy % /kkjk 374
vihyh;
&
izk:i.k]
vfHkopu
,oa
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these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
la'kks/ku pj.k%
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these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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vfHkopu
lkekU; vFkZ & O;ogkj izf;k lafgrk 1908 ds
fu;e 1 vkns'k 6 esa micfU/kr gS vfHkopu dk
vFkZ gS okn vFkok fyf[kr dfku ^vfHkopu* dks
bl izdkj Hkh ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] ^^fdlh
okn esa oknh ,oa izfroknh ds e/; vkilh >xM+s
dks ftls vc lgh :i esa fyf[kr esa vfHkopu
ds :i esa mi;qDr dk;kZy; esa ns fn;k x;k
gS**A 'kkfey u dh fof/kd 'kCnkoyh
^^vfHkopu rF;ksa dk rkfdZd ,oa fof/kd :i esa
dFku gS ftlls omjh dk okngsrqd la?kfvr
gksrk gS vfkok izfroknh ds izfrokn dk vk/kkj
rS;kj gksrk gS** ykW ysfDldkWu
vfHkopu dk iw.kZ ms'; i{kdkjksa dks,d
oknfo"k; ij ykuk gksrk gS rfkk fu;eksa dk vFkZ
vfHkopu ls lacaf/kr okn fo"k; dks cM+k gksusls
jksduk gS] ftlls izr;sd i{kdkj dks;g irk
yx lds fd okngsrqd fopkj.k ds fy, dc
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
vfHkgLrkarj.k
vfHkgLrkarj.k esa py rFkk vpy laifk
dk gLrkarj.k tks fch ds i'pkr~ fy[kr
}kjk fdlh O;fDr ds thou dky ds
nkSjku fd;k tk,] 'kkfey gSA Hkkjrh;
LVkEi vf/kfu;e 1899 dh /kkjk 210A
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
foys[k ds i{kdkj
fdlh Hkh foys[k ds de ls de nks
i{kdkj gksus vko';d gSaA laifk ds
varj.k laca/kh dksbZ foys[k tks lafonk dk
ifj.kke gS ds i{kdkj lafonk gsrq l{ke
gksus pkfg,A rFkkfi dksbZ vo;Ld vFkok
vU; v{ke O;fDr mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
varfjrh gks ldrk gS] tgk ij varfjrh
ds ij dk;Z vFkok Hkwy dk dksbZ
nkf;Ro ugha Mkyk x;k gSA bu ekeyksa esa
Hkh varj.kdkkZ dksbZ ,slk gh O;fDr gks
ldrk gS tks lafonk gsrq l{ke gksA
foys[k ds i{kdkjksa dk fooj.k lgh :i
esa fn;k tkuk pkfg,A rFkkfi ;fn fdlh
i{kdkj ds uke dk xyr fooj.k fn;k
x;k gS tks ml dk lgh uke ugha gS]
foys[k dks igpku dk lk{; izLrqr djus
ij lgh Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA
O;fDr;ksa dk ,d lewg tks ,d Js.kh ds
:i esa oxhZd`r gks ldrk gS dks Hkh
i{kdkj cuk;k tk ldrk gS ;Fkk ^^v*
ds lHkh _.knkrk^^A
vk[;ku
vk[;ku dks fdlh foys[k] djkj vFkok
vU; fdlh vkSipkfjd fy[kr esa ml
dFku ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS]
ftls blfy, lfUufo"V fd;k x;k gS
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
lk{;kadu VsLVkVe
;g foys[k dk lk{kh Hkkx gs ftlesa
i{kdkjksa dk vk'k; 'kkfey gksrk gS] rfkk
;g lkekU; rkSj ij fuEu izdkj
vfHkO;Dr gksrk gSA
^^vc ;g foys[k lk{kh gS --- vFkok ^^vc
;g vuqca/k i= lkL;fdr djrk gS**
bR;kfn
izoZkd Hkkx
lkekU; rksj ij izorZd Hkkx esa fuEu
'kkfey gksrs gSa &
izfrQy & izfrQy dks bl :I
esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS
fd ;g opu ds cnys dqN
leku oLrq ftls Lohdkj fd;k
x;k gS vfkok ftl ij djkj
gqvk gSA lafonk ij yhd tgk
lafonk esa ijLij opu 'kkfey
gS] ogka ij izR;sd i{kdkj ij
;g nkf;Ro gS fd og vius
opu dk ikyu ds rFkk nwljs
i{k ds opu ikyu dks Lohdkj
djsA
izfrQy & izfrQy dh i;kZIr
dk iz'u laO;ogkj ds le;
i{kdkjksa }kjk fopkj.kh; gksrk gs
vksj lkekU;rksj U;k;ky; bl
ekeys esa cgqr lko/kkuh ls
fu.kz; djrs gSa rfkk lkekU;rksj
ij lafonk dh Lora=krk esa
gLr{ksi ugha djrs ftlls
i{kdkj viuh Lora= bPNk ls
fu.kz; dj viuh lkSnsckth dk
ykHk ys ldsA i{kdkj fdlh Hkh
izfrQy ijlger gksus ds fy,
Lora= gS c'krsZ f dog ,slk
izfrQy gs ftls fof/k Lohdkj
Lohdk;Z gksA
jlhn mi/kkjk & izfrQy dh
izkfIr lwpuk foys[k esa nsuk
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
vfHklk{;kadu VsfLVeksfu;e
foys[k esa 'kkfey ekeyksa ds lk{kh ds
rkSj ij i{kdkj lkekU;r;k bls foys[k
ds vur esa vfHkO;Dr djrs gSa( ftudh
vfHkO;fDr fuEu gks ldrh gSA ^^mijksDr
ds lk{; esa ge] mijksDr i{kdkjksa esa bl
foys[k dks mifjfyf[kr fnu ,oa o"kZ esa
fuEufyf[kr lkf{k;ksa dh mifLFkfr esa
gLrk{kj djrs gSaA**
;g foys[k fy[kr vFkok lafonk dk
vfUre Hkkx gksrk gs rfkk ;|fi ;g
vko';d ugha gS ysfdu vkn'kZ :i esa
vfHklk{;kadu dks foys[k ds var esa
fuxfer fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;fn foys[k
fdlh dEiuh vFkok fof/kd O;fDr }kjk
fu"ikfnr fd;k x;k gS rks vfHklk{;kadu
dks] ;g fd i{kdkjksa us vius gLrk{kj
dj mlis viuh eqgj yxk nh gs]
fy[kuk pkfg,A izk:i.k dks vfUre :i
fn, tkus ds mijkar foys[k vFkok
fy[kr dks izkf/kr fd, tkus dh
vkSipkfjdrkvksa esa lk{;kadu iathdj.k
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
nLrkost dk lk{;kadu
nLrkostksa dk iathdj.k
ds
izLrkouk
Hkkx 1
rF;ksa dh lqlaxfr
ifjHkk"kk,a
vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 3 ^U;k;ky;*] ^rF;*]
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gSA cgqr lh ifjHkk"kk,a O;kid ugha gS fdUrq
lexz izfr dh vf/kd gS] mnkgj.k ds :i esa
U;k;ky;*] ^rF;*] ^fook|d rF;* ,oa
^lk{;*
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lcwr dk Hkkj
jkT;]
mnkgj.kLo:i
ekeys
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dks
1979
ijkE;
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1848)
vf/kfu;e
dk
Hkkj
lcwr dk ekud
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lkekU;r%
;k
laHkkoukvksa
dh
cgqrk;r
rF;ksas dh lqlaxfr
,llhlh 377)
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gSA
rF;ksa ds ,d ,sl
s s lewg ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr
fd;k gS tks ,d nwljs ls bl rjg tqM+s gksrs gaS
'kkfey gksA
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,d vksj
ea'kk eksfVo
vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 11
vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 11 dks izk;% ds vf/kfu;e ds
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dk
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,d fu;e gSA
lacaf/kr gSA
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i;kZIr :i esa
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Lohdk;Z gksdjA
8 ,llhlh 180A
/kkjk 25 fdlh vfHk;qDr O;fDr }kjk iqfyl
vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 26
/kkjk 26 ds varxZr dksbZ Hkh laLohfr] tks
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ugha gSA
eatqjh nh gSA
vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 29
/kkjk 30
lg
x;s dFku%
e`rd ?kks"k.kk,a
x;k gS(
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gSA
fook|d
dksbZ O;fDr
ldrk gSA
esa
fdlh
fo"k;
dks
,d
ckj
tk,xkA
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tk ldrk gSA
n'kk,a
mica/kksa ds vuq:iA
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fo'ks"kK lk{;
vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 44
bl izdkj ds lk{; detksj ekus tkrs gSA
/kkjk 44 izko/kku djrh gS fd Okkn ;k vU;
vkijkf/kd
dh xbZ FkhA
fopkj.k
esa
,d
fo'oluh;
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gksxkA
x;s gSaA
nLrkosth lk{;
/kkjk 74 nLrkostksa ds ,d oxZ dks ^yksd
nLrkost* ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr ,oa n`"Vkafrr
djrh gS vkSj /kkjk 75 yksd nLrkostksa ds
vfrfjDr vU; lHkh nLrkostkas dks futh
nLrkost ekurh gSaA 'kCnkoyh ^nLrkosth lk{;*]
os lHkh nLrkost tks U;k;ky; ds fujh{k.k ds
fy, izLrqr fd;s tkrs gSa] ds :i esa /kkjk 3 ds
varxZr ifjHkkf"kr dh xbZ gSA
lkfcr dh tk ldsxhA
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vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 91
ldrk gSA
djus gksx
a sA
vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 92
Hkh FkkA
lcwr dk Hkkj
mi/kkj.kk djsxkA
djuk gksxkA
n`"Vkar% gR;k dk vfHk;qDr] d vfHkdfFkr djrk
gSA
gSA
gSA
fof/k ds mi/kkj.kkA
vf/kfu;e /kkjk 4 esa izko/kku djrk gS fd
djsx
a s tgka vf/kfu;e }kjk fufnZ"V gS] vkSj
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Fkk vkSj is'k ugha fd;k x;k gS] is'k fd;k tkrk]
fd;k gS(
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gSA
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
tk,xkA
lajf{kr gksxhA
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
gSA
tk ldrh gSaA
ek=kA
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
lwpd iz'u
mkj dks lq>krk gS] ftls iwNus okyk O;fDr
iwNs tk ldsx
a As izfrijh{kk dk ms'; ncs gq,
izfrjks/kh lk{kh
2010, Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All Rights Reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction
of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized user or
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2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized user or
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,y-,y-,- gkVZ
ldkjkRedrk
lfEefyr
fof/kd
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized user or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized user or
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bu vo/kkj.kkvksa tSls fd
vf/kdkj rFkk drZO;ks dks U;kf;d ifjis{; esa
le>us dh dksf'k'k dhA ,d U;kf;d lEca/k
nks i{kdkjks dks e/; Vinculamjuris rFkk
rhljs i{k dh vuqifLFkfr ds izHkko dks eku
dj pyrk gSA Hohfeld nks izdkj ds
U;kf;d leca/k eku dj pyrs gSA
1 U;kf;d lgHkkxh rFkk 2 U;kf;d
fojks/kh lgHkkxh rkfdZd lgHkkfxrk dh vksj
b'kkjk djrs gS] ogh blds foijhr U;kf;d
fojks/kh ftUgs U;kf;d udkjkRed Hkh dgrs
gS ,d vo/kkj.kk dh mifLFkfr ij mldh
foijhr vo/kkj.kk dh vuqifLFkfr dh vksj
b'kkjk djrs gSA
vf/kdkj] nkok
drZO;
Loar=rk] fo'ks"kkf/kdkj
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'kfDr
nkf;Ro
izfrj{k
Fodykaxrk
dkuwu dh O;k[;k
eku ys dh vkius vius fe= dks pksdysV
ykus ds fy, 100 #i;s fn;sA vc vkidk
fe= D;k djsxk\ og dkSu lh pksdysV
yk,xk\ og fd nqdku ij tk,xk\ D;k og
cls gq, iSls djsxk bu okD;ksa esa tks Hkh
lR; gS og fof/k dk cyorj dkj.k ls lR;
gSA ;fn mij fn;s iz'uksa esa vkids fe= dks
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'kfDr
nkf;Ro
izfrj{kk
fodykaxrk
1 'kkfCndrk dk fu;e&
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized user or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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Shetty Vs.
International
Airport
Authority of India, AIR 1979 SC 1628)
Tribal
(c) Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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vf/koDrk ds drZO;
ckj dkmafly vkQ bafM;k ds fu;eksa
vuqlkj ,d vf/koDrk dh vU; drZO;ksa
vfrfjDr eqofDdy ds fy, U;k;ky;
fy,] lgHkkxh;ksa ds fy, rFkk fojksf/k;kas
fy, dqN drZO; gSA
ds
ds
ds
ds
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
,d vf/koDrk dk ;g drZO; gS fd og
i{kkdkj ;k i{kkdkjksa ls lEcaf/kr vius fgr
rFkk lEca/kkas dh iw.kZ rFkk [kqydj ?kksk.kk
djks ,d vf/koDrk ds fy, ;g vko;d gS
fd og i{kdkjkas ls orZeku rFkk Hkwrdkyhu
lEca/kkas dh ?kksk.kk vius i{kdkj ls djsA
vfHkoDrk dks ;fn fookn ls dksbZ ykHk gksus
okyk gks] rks og bldh tkudkjh eqofDdy
dks ns rkfd oks ;g fudkZ ij vk lds fd
og i{ki= ds lkFk vkxs c<+uk pkgrk gS ;k
ughaA (BCI, Rules, Part VI, Chapter II,
Section II, Rules 14)
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(c) Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised use or
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V.
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reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
(c) Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
(c) Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised use or
reproduction of these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
XX
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2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
2010 Bar Council of India and Rainmaker Training & Recruitment Private Limited. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of
these materials shall attract all applicable civil and criminal law remedies.
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fd;k tkrk gS
(b) mlh lEifk esa dksbZ iwfrZd fgr
fdlh vU; O;fDr ds fy;s fn;k
tkrk ;k vkjf{kr fd;k tkrk gS
(c) ml lEifk ls mn~Hkwr vk; dks ml
le; rd lwfpr fd, tkus dk
funs'k fd;k tkrk gS] tc rd
miHkksx dk le; ugha vk tkrk
(d) dsoy ,sls fdlh mica/k ls fd ;fn
dksbZ fo'ks"k ?kVuk ?kfVr gks tk, rks
og fgr fdlh vU; O;fDr dks
lakUr gks tk,xkA ;g vk'k; fd
fgr fufgrugha gksxk vuqfer u
fd;k tk,xkA
ekuk tk,sxkA
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dk fl)kUr
lEifk varj.k vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 52
^fopkjk/khu okn ds fl)kUr dk izfriknu djrh
gSA bl /kkjk ds vuqlkj vpy lEifk dk
varj.k fu"ks/k gksxk ;fn fuEufyf[kr rRo iw.kZ u
gks rksA
l{e U;k;ky; ds lEeq[k okn yfEcr
gksuk pkfg,A
okn diViw.kZ ugha gksuk pkfg,A
okn esa vpy lEifk ij vf/kdkj izR;{k
;k vizR;{k :i ls iz'uxr gksuk
pkfg,A
fooknhr lEifk dk vUrj.k gksuk
pkfg,A
lEifk dk vUrj.k vU; i{kdkjksa ds
vf/kdkjksa dks izHkkfor djuk pkfg,A
fdlh okn ;k dk;Zokgh dk yEcu bl /kkjk ds
iz;kstuksa ds fy;s ml rkjh[k ls izkjEHk gqvk
le>k tk,xk ftl rkjh[k dks l{ke
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Hkksxca/kd &
tc ca/kdrkZ ca/kd&lEifk dk dCtk ca/kdnkj
dks ifjnk dj nsrk gS vkSj mls izkf/kd`r djrk
gS fd ca/kd /ku dklank; fd;s tkusrd og
,slk dCtk izfr/k`r djs vkSj ml lEifk ls
izksn~Hkwr HkkVdksa vkSj ykHkksa dks izkIr djs vkSj
mUgsa C;kt eqs ;k ca/kd /ku ds lank; esa ;k
Hkxr% C;kt eqs ;k Hkkxr% ca/kd /ku ds lank;
esa fofu;ksftr dj ys] ogk og laO;ogkj
Hkksx&ca/kd vkSj og ca/kdnkj Hkksx&ca/kdnkj
dgykrk gSA
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1
mi/kkjk 1 ds mica/k taxe lEifkds
fo; ;k HkkM+s dh lafonkvksa dks Hkh] ;kor~'kD;
ykxw gksaxsA
XX
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tgk fd fosrk foYyaxe jfgr lEifk
dks cspus dh izO;atuk djs fdUrq laifr ;&/ku
ls vuf/kd jkf'k ds fy, ca/kfdr gS vkSj fosrk
dks okLro esa dsoy ekspu dk gh vf/kdkj gks
ogka srk mls ca/kd dk ekspu djkus ds fy,
vkSj ca/kddkj lsfof/kek; mUekspu vkSj tgk
vko';d gks] ogka gLrkarj.k Hkh vfHkizkIr djus
ds fy, foo'k dj ldsxkA
?k
tgk fd fosrk ;k iV~VkdrkZ lafonk ds
fofufnZ"V ikyu ds fy, okn yk;s vkSj gd ds
vHkko ;k viw.kZ gd ds vk/kkj ij okn [kkfjt
gks tk;s ogka izfroknh dh vius fu{ksi dh] ;fn
dksbZ gks] ml ij C;kt lfgr okilh dk vkSj
okn dks vius [kpsZ ikus dk vf/kdkj gS rFkk
,sls fu{ksi] C;kt vkSj [kpksZa ds fy, ml fgr
ij ;fn dksbZ gks] /kkj.kf/kdkj gS tks ml lEifk
esa fosrk vFkok iV~VkdrkZ dk gks tks lafonk
dh fo"k;oLrq gSA
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