Buffer Solutions

XI IPA6

Eka Fitri (12) Hanif Fermanda (15) Rizka Nur F (30) Tyas Ardy R (35)

2011

kelompok kimia

A. Objectives 1. Students are able to prepare acidic buffer solution and basic buffer solution. 2. Students are able to determine the pH of buffer solution before and after adding small amount of strong acid, strong base or dilution. 3. Student are able to draw a graphic of volume acid added vs. pH or volume base added vs. pH. 4. Students are able to conclude buffer capacity.

B. Basic theory Buffer solution can resist the drastic changes in pH because it consist of two components: acid component and basic component. Acid component with neutralize strong base added while basic component will neutralize strong acid added. Buffer solution can be prepared by some method, but the most important principle is: acidic buffer solution always contains weak acid and its conjugate base while basic buffer solution always contains weak base and its conjugate acid. There are six method to prepare buffer solution : 1. Preparing acidic buffer solution a. Reacting weak acid and its salt b. Reacting excessive weak acid and strong base c. Reacting excessive salt of weak acid and strong acid 2. Preparing basic buffer solution a. Reacting weak base and its salt b. Reacting excessive weak base and strong acid c. Reacting excessive salt of weak base and strong base In this experiment we will use method (1b) for preparing acidic buffer solution and method (2b) for preparing basic buffer solution.

Preparing buffer solution by reacting a strong base and an excessive amount of weak acid or reacting a strong acid and an excessive amount of a weak base. Pay attention to these pictures below!

100 mL 0.2 M CH3COOH

100Ml 0.2M NH3

100 mL 0.1M 0.1M NaOH

100 mL HCl

Buffer solution has buffer capacity: a measure of how little the pH changes with the addition of a given amount of acid or base.buffer capacity depends on how many moles of weak acid and conjugate base are present. For equal volumes of solution, the more concentrated the solution, the greater the buffer capacity. For solution having the same concentratation, the greater the volume the greater the buffer capacity. C. Equipments and Material a. Equipments 1. Beaker glass 2. b. Material 1. CH3COOH 2. NaOH 3. HCl 4. Aquades 5. Universal Indicator D. Procedure 1. Adding strong acid (HCl) into buffer solution a) Take 25 mL 0.2 M CH3COOH b) Take 25 mL 0.1 M NaOH

c) Mix 25 mL 0.2 M CH3COOH and 25 mL 0.1 M NaOH into beaker glass, stir the mixture d) Determine the initial pH of buffer solution e) Add 4 drops of universal indicator into buffer solution f) Observe the color g) Add 5 mL 0.1 M NaOH into buffer solution h) Observe the changes in color i) Determine the pH of buffer solution after adding NaOH j) Do over again step (g),(h) and (i) until the volume of NaOH added is 50mL

2. Adding strong acid (HCl) into buffer solution k) Take 25 mL 0.2 M CH3COOH l) Take 25 mL 0.1 M NaOH m) Mix 25 mL 0.2 M CH3COOH and 25 mL 0.1 M NaOH into beaker glass, stir the mixture n) Determine the initial pH of buffer solution o) Add 4 drops of universal indicator into buffer solution p) Observe the color q) Add 5 mL 0.1 M HCl into buffer solution r) Observe the changes in color s) Determine the pH of buffer solution after adding HCl t) Do over again step (g),(h) and (i) until the volume of HCl added is 50mL

3. Diluting buffer solution a) Take 25 mL 0.2 M CH3COOH b) Take 25 mL 0.1 M NaOH

c) Mix 25 mL 0.2 M CH3COOH and 25 mL 0.1 M NaOH into beaker glass, stir the mixture d) Determine the initial pH of buffer solution e) Add 3 drops of universal indicator into buffer solution f) Observe the color g) Add 10 mL aquades into buffer solution h) Observe the changes in color i) Determine the pH of buffer solution after adding aquades j) Do over again step (g),(h) and (i) until the volume of HCl added is 50mL E. Data and analysis 1. Adding strong acid (NaOH) into buffer solution

Buffer solution CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) M R S 2,5 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,4 mmol 0,1 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,5 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,6 mmol 2,5 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,6 mmol [H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x = 1,6 x 10-5 pH = - log 1,6 x 10-5 = 5 log 1,6 = 4,79 Data : Acid Compon ent CH3COOH Base compon ent NaOH Properties Acidic Basic CH3COOH CH3COOInitial pH 4,74 Color Orange

 2st Added NaOH 0,1 M 1 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) M R S [H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x = 1,5 x 10-5 pH = - log 1,5 x 10-5 = 5 log 1,5 = 4.82 3rd Added NaOH 0,1 M 1 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) M R S 2,3 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,2 mmol 0,1 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,7 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,8 mmol 2,7 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,8 mmol 2,4 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,3 mmol 0,1 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,6 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,7 mmol 2,6 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,7 mmol

[H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x = 1,4 x 10-5 pH = - log 1,4 x 10-5 = 5 log 1,4 = 4,85 4th Added NaOH 0,1 M 1 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) M R S 2,2 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,1 mmol 0,1 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,8 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,9 mmol 2,8 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,9 mmol

[H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x = 1,3 x 10-5 pH = - log 1,3 x 10-5 = 5 log 1,3

= 4,89 5th Added NaOH 0,1 M 1 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) M R S 2,1 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,0 mmol 0,1 mmol 0,1 mmol 2,9 mmol 0,1 mmol 3,0 mmol 2,9 mmol 0,1 mmol 3,0 mmol

[H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x = 1,2 x 10-5 pH = - log 1,2 x 10-5 = 5 log 1,2 = 4,92 6th Added NaOH 0,1 M 5 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) M R S 2,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 1,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 3,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 3,5 mmol 3,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 3,5 mmol

[H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x = 7,74 x 10-6 pH = - log 7,74 x 10-6 = 6 log 7,74 = 5,11 7th Added NaOH 0,1 M 5 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) M R S 1,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 1,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 3,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,0 mmol 3,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,0 mmol

[H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x = 4,5 x 10-6

pH = - log 4,5 x 10-6 = 6 log 4,5 = 5,35 8th Added NaOH 0,1 M 5 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) M R S 1,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,5 mmol 4,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,5 mmol

[H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x = 1,98 x 10-6 pH = - log 1,98 x 10-6 = 6 log 1,98 = 5,7 M R S 0,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 9th Added NaOH 0,1 M 5 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) 0,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,5 mmol 4,0 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,5 mmol

[H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x =pH M R S 0,5 mmol - 0,5 mmol = - (salt hydrolyze) 10th Added NaOH 0,1 M 5 mL CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) 0,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,5 mmol 4,5 mmol 0,5 mmol 4,5 mmol

[H+] = Ka x = 1,8x10-5 x =-

pH

= - (salt hydrolyze)

GrafikH ubung pHT an erhadapV olum e NaOHy angD itam bahkan

14,00 12,00 10,00 pHLa ruta n 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 25 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 25 Ph Larutan

Volum Na e OH

Volume NaOH added (mL) 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5

Mol NaOH added (mol) 1 1 1 1 1 5 x x x x x x 10-4 10-4 10-4 10-4 10-4 10-4
-4

pH 4,79 4,82 4,85 4,89 4,92 5,11 5,35 5,7 -

Color Paled Paled Paled Paled Paled Paled (became yellow) Paled (became yellow) Paled (became yellow) Paled (became yellow) Paled (became yellow)

5 x 10 5 x 10 5 x 10 5 x 10

-4

-4

-4

2.

Adding strong acid (HCl) into buffer solution

Buffer solution Analysis : CH3COOH + NaOH M R S 5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 CH3COONa + H2O 2,5 2,5 -

[H+] = (2,5 : 2,5) x 1,8.10-5 = 1,8.10-5 pH = 4,74 Data : Acid Compon ent CH3COOH Base compon ent NaOH Properties Acidic Basic CH3COOH CH3COOInitial pH 4,74 Color Orange

Adding HCl 0.1 M Analysis : 1. M R S CH3COONa + HCl 2,5 0,1 2,4 0,1 0,1 CH3COOH + NaCl 2,5 0,1 0,1 2,6 0,1

[H+]= (2,6 : 2,4) x 1,8.10-5 = 1,95 x 10-5 pH = 4,71

2. M R

CH3COONa + HCl 2,4 0,1 0,1 0,1

CH3COOH + NaCl 2,6 0,1 0,1 0,1

2,3

2,7

0,2

[H+]= (2,7 : 2,3) x 1,8.10-5 = 2,11 x 10-5 pH = 4,67

3. M R S

CH3COONa + HCl 2,3 0,1 2,2 0,1 0,1 -

CH3COOH + NaCl 2,7 0,1 0,2 0,1 2,8 0,3

[H+]= (2,8 : 2,2) x 1,8.10-5 = 2,29x 10-5 pH = 4,64

4. M R S

CH3COONa + HCl 2,2 0,1 2,1 0,1 0,1 -

CH3COOH + NaCl 2,8 0,1 0,3 0,1 2,9 0,4

[H+]= (2,9 : 2,1) x 1,8.10-5 = 2,49 x 10-5 pH = 4,60

5. M R S

CH3COONa + HCl 2,1 0,1 2,0 0,1 0,1 -

CH3COOH + NaCl 2,9 0,1 0,4 0,1 3,0 0,5

[H+]= (3,0 : 2,0) x 1,8.10-5 = 2,7 x 10-5 pH = 4,57

6. M R

CH3COONa + HCl 2,0 0,5 0,5 0,5

CH3COOH + NaCl 3,0 0,5 0,5 0,5

1,5

3,5

1,0

[H+]= (3,5 : 1,5) x 1,8.10-5 = 4,2 x 10-5 pH = 4,38

7. M R S

CH3COONa + HCl 1,5 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,5 -

CH3COOH + NaCl 3,5 0,5 1,0 0,5 4,0 1,5

[H+]= (4,0 : 1,0) x 1,8.10-5 = 7,2 x 10-5 pH = 4,14 8. M R S CH3COONa + HCl 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 CH3COOH + NaCl 4,0 0,5 1,5 0,5 4,5 2,0

[H+]= (4,5 : 0,5) x 1,8.10-5 = 1,62 x 10-5 pH = 3,79

9. M R S

CH3COONa + HCl 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5

CH3COOH + NaCl 4,5 0,5 5,0 2,0 0,5 2,5

M = n:v = 5:75 = 0,07 [H+]= Ka x M = = = 1,8x10-5 . 0,07 1,26 . 10-6 1,12 x 10-3

pH = 2,95

Yang tersisa tinggal asam lemah, CH3COOH sehingga tidak bereaksi bila ditambahkan dengan HCl, tetapi akan menghasilkan konsentrasi campuran. HCl [H+] = = = Ka x M 1,8x10-5 . 0,07 1,26 . 10-6

[H+] 2= 1,12 x 10-3 [H+] campuran = = pH = = [H+]1 x V1 + [H+]2 x V2 V1 + V2 0,1 x 5 + 1,12.10-3 x 75 5 + 75 0,5 + 0,084 80 7,3 x 10-3 2,14 =

Volume HCl added (mL) 1 mL 1 mL 1 mL 1 mL 1 mL 5 mL

Mol HCl added 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,5 mmol mmol mmol mmol mmol mmol

pH 4,71 4,67 4,64 4,60 4,57 4,38

Color Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange

5 5 5 5

mL mL mL mL

0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5

mmol mmol mmol mmol

2,14 3,79 2,95 2,14

Orange Orange Orange Orange

3. Diluting buffer solution Buffer Solution Data :

Acid Compon ent CH3COOH

Base compon ent NaOH

Properties Acidic Basic CH3COOH CH3COO-

Initial pH 4,74

Color Orange

Analysis : a. [H+] = = = pH = = [CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 55) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 55) 1,8.10-5 4,74

b. [H+]

= = =

pH c. [H+]

= = =

[CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 60) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 60) 1,8.10-5 4,74 [CH3COOH] x Ka

= = pH d. [H+] = = = = = pH a. [H+] = = = = = pH a. [H+] = = = = = pH a. [H+] = = = = = pH a. [H+] = = = = =

[CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 65) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 65) 1,8.10-5 4,74 [CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 70) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 70) 1,8.10-5 4,74 [CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 75) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 75) 1,8.10-5 4,74 [CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 80) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 80) 1,8.10-5 4,74 [CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 85) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 85) 1,8.10-5 4,74 [CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 90) x 1,8.10-5

pH a. [H+]

= = = = =

(2,5 : 90) 1,8.10-5 4,74 [CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 95) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 95) 1,8.10-5 4,74 [CH3COOH] x Ka [CH3COONa] ( mol : V total ) x Ka ( mol : V total ) (2,5 : 100) x 1,8.10-5 (2,5 : 100) 1,8.10-5 4,74

pH a. [H+]

= = = = =

pH Data :

= =

Volume aquades added (mL) 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL

pH 4,74 4,74 4,74 4,74 4,74 4,74 4,74 4,74 4,74 4,74

Color Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange

pH

V Aquades

F. Discussion 1. What is buffer solution? A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. It has the property that the pH of the solution changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications.

2. Mention acid component and base component of buffer solution you have made!

The acid component The base component

: CH3COOH : CH3COONa

CH3COOH/ CH3COO-

3. Calculate the initial pH of your buffer sollution? CH3COOH + NaOH M 5 2,5 CH3COONa + H2O -

R S

2,5 2,5

2,5 -

2,5 2,5

[H+] = (2,5 : 2,5) x 1,8.10-5 = 1,8.10-5 pH = 4,74 , So, the initial pH of the buffer solution is 4.74

4. Conclude buffer capacity based on your experiment! The amount of acid or base which can be neutralized before the pH of a buffer solution change. 5. There are two state affecting buffer capacity. Mention it! Amount of moles buffer components moles and moles ratio of buffer components. 6. Which one has greater buffer capacity? a. 0,1 M CH3COOH/0,1 M CH3COOb. 1 M CH3COOH/1 M CH3COOc. 0,1 M CH3COOH/1 M CH3COOThe greater buffer capacity is the buffer solution B (1 M CH3COOH/1 M CH3COO-), because it has the greater concentration. The buffer solution that has greater buffer components moles will have greater buffer capacity too. That can defend the change of pH when we add acid or base solution into the buffer solution. 7. What will happen if we add too much acid or base into buffer solution? If strong acid (HCl) is added too much, then the conjugate base CH3COO will be depleted react. But, if strong base (NaOH) is added too much, then the acid CH3COOH will be exhausted to react. Consequently, a buffer solution unable to maintain the pH. So, a buffer solution has a limitation in neutralizing acid or base which is added.

8. Remember about tritration curve of (a) weak acid vs strong base and (b) weak base vs strong acid

a. What is the initial pH of curve (a) The initial pH is 3.

b. What is the initial pH of curve (b)

The initial pH is 11.

c. There are four points in curve (a) show buffer region, what are the component of buffer solution in this region?

pH : 4; 4,5; 5; 5,5
d. What is the pH of those buffer region in curve (a)?

pH of the acidic buffer solution is 3 until 7.

e. There are four points in curve (b) show buffer region, what are the component of buffer solution in this region?

pH : 8,7; 9; 9,2; 9,8

f. What is the pH of those buffer region in curve (a)?

pH of the basic buffer solution is 7 until 11

G. Conclusion

1. The addition of a little strong acid would not change the value of pH. 2. The dilution also would not change the value of pH. 3. Indikator universal dan PP kurang efektif menunjukkan perubahan pH secara tepat karena perubahan pH pada penambahan asam maupun pengenceran sangat kecil. Yang paling baik digunkaan pitmeter.

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Anonim,

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(Online),

(http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-buffer-solution.htm), diakses 10 April 2011 Wikipedia, 2011 2011. Buffer Solution, diakses (Online), 10 April

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution),