The matter in the Universe

Matter is anything that has mass and takes place in space (volume). Properties of matter:

General: All bodies have it. Mass (amount of matter) Volume (space occupied)

Specific: Substances differ from each other (color, shine, melting point)
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The States of matter The matter can be found in three states:

Solid. Shape and constant volume (vs. dilatation).

Liquid. Form variable and constant volume (vs. dilatation). Flow if not contained. Gas. Shape and volume variables. Flowing. Tend to expand = occupy much space as possible.

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Kinetic Theory of states of matter The matter can be in three states: Solid. Particles strongly united, they can only vibrate.

Liquids. Particles less united permit flow if are not contained.

Gas. No cohesive force between particles. They move freely flowing and tends to expand.

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State Changes

The state in which we find the matter depends on the temperature. When the temperature passes a critical point, matter changes state. Fusion vs. Solidification. Fusion, change from solid to liquid. Solidification: change from liquid to solid. The metting point = to the solidification point (water = 0 C). During the temperature change of state does not increase.

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State Changes

Boiling vs. Condensation. Boiling, change from liquid to gas that affects all of liquid at a time. Evaporation: change from liquid to gas at any temperature. Condensation: change from gas to liquid. The boiling point = to the condensation point (water =100 C). During the temperature change of state does not increase.

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State Changes

Sublimation vs. Regressive Sublimation. Sublimation, change from solid to gas without change liquid (air fresheners). Regressive sublimation: change from gas to solid (formation of snow).

The melting temperature and boiling points of the bodies are specific to each subject and can serve to identify them.

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Mixtures

Matter may be classified to their appearance into two types:

Homogeneous matter: Uniform appearance

Heterogeneous matter: Not uniform appearance, are distinguished parts.

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Dissolutions

Smixtures are heterogeneous but homogeneous appearance (seawater). In all dissolutions distinguish two components: Solvent: most amounts. Solute: smaller amounts.
Depending

to the final state can be: Solid: Alloys such as steel. Liquid: Seawater. Gas: Air.

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Separation of the components of a mixture

In a mixture, each component maintains its property.

To separate the components we use several methods: Filtration: separate solids mixed with liquids. (Filter) Decanting: separate not soluble liquid. (Funnel). Distillation: separating soluble liquids together. (Distiller)

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To learn more
(Follow the links to explore the topic through internet)

The state changes (video) Pictures of state changes Filtration (video) Separation of mixtures (video)

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Vocational and professional guidance
(for an integrated curriculum)

Recycling: Green Ecology

Biographies: Marie Curie Careers: Chemistry Scientific: Amadeo Avogadro

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