CONFIDENTIAL*

JAWATANKUASA PANEL
TRIAL EXAM PHYSICS STPM
NEGERI SEMBILAN DARUL KHUSUS
MA Rl<_TNG SrHF,ME FOR.._
JPHYSJICS 11PM
TR.JLAJ[ I EXAM 2((}) 1 11.
NEGERJI SEMBKLAN
JFAJ?JER 2(960/2)
(CONJFIDJENTJIAL)
96012
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CONFIDENTIAL* NS STPM TRIAL Marking Scheme 2011
Section A [ 40 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
1 The heat capacity C of a substance is defined as "quantity of heat supplied to raise the temperature ika
substance by 1 K. The heat capacity C of a solid is given by the expression
C=aT-bT
3
where T is the absolute.temperature, a and bare constants with dimension.
(a) Determine the dimension of heat capacity, C.
C = Q = ML'r'(;-'
llT
"' .. ... . ................. ..... \l}
(b) Write down the Sl unit of heat capacity, C
Jr' ............................................. (t)
(c) Find the units for a and b.
Unit of C
JK-'
JK-'
Unit of a =
Unit of b
K
JK-'
K]
units of aT
(unit of a) .@
unit of bT
3
............................ (!)
(unit of b) U
= Jr' ...................... (IJ
= Jr ..................... (!)
2 The rotating blade of a blender turns from rest with a constant angular acceleration 1. 50 rads-
2
.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[3 marks]
(a) How long does it take to reach an angular velocity of 36.0 rads-
1
? [2 marks]
96012
m
0
= 0 (starts from rest)
m = m
0
+at ......... (!)
t = m - m,
a
36.0-0
1.50
= 24.0s
.............. (!)
1
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(b) What is the number of revolutions in this time interval?
1 '
B = uYof + -- ar
2
B=0+I_(1.50)(240)'
2
= 432rad
................ (!)
. . . . . .. (1)
432
Number of rev=- = 68.8 ............. (1)
211:
[3 marks]
3 The graph shows the variation of extension with force of a wire before reaching the elastic limit.
The original length of the wire is 2.0 m and its cross section area is 0.50 mm
2
10.6
I
10.4
j0.2
I
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 F(N)
(a) Calculate the work done to extend the wire to 1.20 mm.
1
Work done=- Fe
2
. . . . (1)
1 3
= -X 60 X 1.2 X 10-
2
= 0.036 J .. (1)
(b) Calculate the Young's modulus of the wire.
Fl F I
Young's =-x-=
eA e A gradient A .................. (1)
60 2.0
= 3 X 6
1.2xl0 0.5xl0- ................... (!)
= 2.0 x 10
11
Nm-
2
..... . ....... (!)
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[3 marks]
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4 The graph shows the variation of pressure with volume for 0.128 mol of an ideal gasattemperarures
600 K and 850 K.
p (kPa)
T
2
= 850K
By using the graph, calculate
(a) the volume of gas at Y, and
AtY, pV=nRT
................................... (!)
V 0.128x8.3lx850
=
sox 1 o'
= L1Jx!O.,m
3
(b) the work done for the gas to change its state from W toY.
v
Work done, W =nRT ln(-
2
)
VI ..................... (I)
=

(In 8.c

3
= 312J J ......................................... (!)
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
(c) If the gas at W experiences an adiabatic expansion to reach a temperature of 600 K, sketch the path to
show the adiabatic expansion on the graph above. [1 mark]
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p (kPa)
80
Arrow with path from point
w .............. (!)
T
2
= 850 K
T, = 600K
0 L-----:::"'::--------+ V(x 1 o-
3
m
8
)
s.o
5
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CONFIDENTIAL* 4 NS STPM TRIAL Marking Scheme 2011
5 (a) A variable inductor is usually used to regulate the speed of an electric ceiling fan instead of a variable
resistor. Explain. [2 marks]
By changing the reactance of the inductor, the potential difference and the current supplied to the fan can be
varied. There is no power lost in the inductor. If a resistor is used, power is dissipated as heat loss in the resistor.
(b) A inductor with a inductance of 0.20H is connected to a 12 V ac supply with a frequency of 50 Hz.
Calculate
(i) the reactance of the inductor. [1 mark]
(ii)
XL=27TjL
= 2;r x SOx 0.20
= 630 .. ,,,,,,,,, (l)
the rms current in the circuit.
J ::::: V,.ms
rms XL
"' ''' ''' '''.' .(1)
12
63
= OJ9A .............. (!)
[2 marks]
6 An air wedge is formed by placing a wire between two pieces of glass plates as shown in the diagram
below. The length of the glass plate is 10cm. When monochromatic light of wavelength 475 nm is incident
normally on the air wedge, interference pattern can be observed.
glass plates 4=============::1qr2 wire
10 em ------+
(a) Determine the diameter of the wire if 380 dark fringes are observed in the interference pattern formed.
[3 marks]
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x=---
2tanB
1 Ox! o-' 475xl o-
9
=
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1)
380 2tanB
tan 6 = 9.025 X 10-
4
Let the diameter of the wire bed
!!__ = 9.025x10-
4
0.1
d = 9.0
......... ,, '''''' (1)
' (1)
4
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(b) If the wire is pushed in slightly to reduce the length of the air wedge, explain any changes to'the
fringe width. [2 marks]
The fririge width decreases
,i
Fringe width, x = ............................... (!)
2tane
When the wire is push in slightly, tlincreases, therefore the fringe width decrease ... (1)
7 (a) State two observations from experiment on photoelectric effect that cannot be explained by
V.Jave theory. [2 marks]
(!)The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted does not depend on the intensity of the incident
light. ..... " ....................... "......... (I)
(2) Photoelectrons can only be emitted when the frequency of the incident light exceeds the threshold
frequency. ..... .... ...... ............ ......... ...... ........ ... (1)
(b) A monochromatic light wavelength of 350 nm illuminates the surface of a potassium metal with
work function of 2.30 eV. Calculate the maximum speed of photoelectron emitted. [3 marks]
Using Einstein's equation, hf = ili
0
+ (, )'""
(1)
(
6.63x!0-
34
)x
3
.0x!O' =2.30x(1.60x!0-
19
)+_1_(9.11xl0-
31
)v
2
350x!O
9
2 m"
......... (!)
v= 6.63xl0
5
ms-
1
.......... (1)
8 (a) Explain what is meant by the half-life of a nuclide. [1 mark]
half life of a nuclide is the time taken for the number of radioactive nuclei to be reduced to half its
original number.
(1)
(b) A source with decay constant 6.4 x 10'
10
s
1
has an activity of 5.7x 10
7
Bq. Calculate, for this source,
(i) the half-life
(I)
[2 marks]
Ti =ln2= Inz LOBX10'5 ..... (!)
/z l 6Axia-1D
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(ii) the time taken for the activity to fall to 6.0'10
5
Bq.
[2 marks]
A- A e-.l.<
- 0
l
A.
n- = -J.t
An
. .... ( 1)
..... (1)
Section B [60 marks]
Answer any four questions in this section.
9 A car travelling along a flat road may be considered to have three forces acting on it as shown in the
diagram below.
force A of road on car
force C of Earth on car
Force A has a magnitude of 8200 Nand is at an angle of28 to the vertical. Force B is horizontal and has a
magnitude 1500 N.
(a) Calculate
(i) the weight and the mass of the car, [2 marks]
(ii) the resultant force on the car, [2 marks J
(iii) the acceleration of the car. [I mark]
(b) For the car, motion is impossible without friction. Discuss what is meant by friction and the direction in
which it acts on the car. In your answer, suggest another example where friction is useful. [3 marks]
(c) Describe a situation in which motion is produced without friction being required. [1 mark]
(d) In a collision, when a truck of mass 12000 kg runs into the back of a car of mass 1200 kg, a constant
force of 72000 N acts for 0.25 s.
Calculate the change in velocity of
(i) the car,
(ii) the truck.
(e) Suggest one way in which the conditions in (d) are unrealistic.
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[3 marks]
[2 marks]
[1 mark]
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Marking scheme :
A
(a)(i) C =A cos 28'
= 8200 cos 28 = 7240 N ......... I
c
8200 N
weighi 7240
:\lass of car = --= - = 73S ko
9 ......... 1
(a)(ii)
Horizontal resultant force= 8200 sin28- 1500 ......... 1
1500N
=2350N ......... 1
(a)(iii)
.-
1
net f-ore-e 235'0 "1
AccoeratiOn= --= --= 3.18m
:rrw 738
......... 1
(b) Friction is a force that occurs when 2 bodies are in contact. ......... I
Friction acts in the opposite direction as the car moves forward, and vice versa. . ... I
Friction is also useful in stopping the car. . ........ 1
(c) Free fall of a body through vacuum. .. ....... 1
(d) (i) By Newton's Second Law of Motion (The constant force acting on the object is equivalent to the change
in linear momentum of the object per unit time for which the force acts)
F in nl.ruM<!oUI'nm
Tinu t.r,...J:mcldo:n::e am
Change in momentum= F x t =72000 x 0.25 = 18000 Ns
......... 1
. Cllangein Eoml!11mm IBOOD
1
......... I
Change m velocitY cftheciiF --;;;;15m r
!.Ins cfW" 1200 ........ 1
(d)(ii)
. . . Cita"lltlnmOit>""llllm 18000
Change m velocity of the truck= l.fass <ftnn = -
22
-
00
-
0
......... 1
= 1.5m s-
1
......... 1
(e) The conditions in (d) ignores the presence of external forces such as the frictional forces between the tyres of
the vehicles and the road surface. . ........ 1
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8
NS STPM TRIAL Marking Scheme 2011
10 (a) (i) Explain what is meant by the frequency of vibration of an object. [I mark]
(ii) Distinguish between the displacement of a vibrating object and the amplitude of vibration.
[2 marks]
(b) Graph below shows the variation with displacement x ofthe acceleration a of a particle that attached
to the cone of a loudspeaker.
(i) Use the figure to explain why the motion of the particle is simple harmonic.
[2 marks]
(ii) Show that the frequency of oscillation of the particle is 464Hz.
[2 marks]
(c) The magnitude of the gradient of the line in the graph is G.
(i) Show that, for a particle of mass m oscillating with amplitude A, its maximum kinetic energy E , ~ , is
given by Em"= Y, mGA
2
[3 marks]
(ii) Determine E,a, for the particle of mass 2.5 X I 0'
3
kg.
(d) (i) Explain what is meant by resonance.
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
(ii) A washing machine has a drum which can rotate at high speed. Suggest why a concrete block, fixed at
the base of the machine, helps to reduce the possibility of resonance. [I mark]
Marking scheme :
I O.(a)(i)The fiequency of vibration of an object refers to the number of cycles of vibration completed per unit
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time.
......... I
(ii) The displacement of a vibrating object refers to the distance moved from the mean
or equilibrium position and the distance is measured in a given direction.
The amplitude of vibration refers to the greatest displacement from the mean position ......... .
8
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(b) (i) The acceleration of is proportional to AND in opposite direction to ..its displacement. .:,: .. 0/2. __
(ii)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d) (i)
1h
,. =- ,_:_:_
. 21<\ X
......... 1
1 l-(-1700)
= zwJ 0.2 X 10
3
=
464
Hz
... ...... 1
(x= 0)
... ''' ''' 1
of nraph,G = :': = ,fx)z
"
......... 1
......... 1
1(? -<>)( 17oo ) (o _3)2
Em==z -.5 x10 o.zx
10
_
3
.4x 10 ......... 1
......... 1
Resonance refers to the state in which the natural frequency of an oscillating system is the same
as the frequency of the driving force. .. ....... 1
At resonance, the amplitude will be the largest. ......... 1
(ii) A concrete block, fixed in the base of the machine, could introduce damping to reduce the
effects of resonance. ......... 1
11 (a) In the kinetic theory of gasses, several assumptions are made concerning an ideal gas. State four of the
assumptions. [ 4 marks J
1 2
(b) The equation for the kinetic theory of gas is given by p = - p < c > , where p and p are pressure and
3
density of the gas respectively and< c
2
>is mean square speed for the molecules in the gas. By comparing this
equation with the equation PVm= RT, derive an equation of the average kinetic energy for one molecule for a
monoatomic gas in terms of temperature T, gas constant R and the Boltzmann constant k. [ 4 marks J
(c) Calculate the total kinetic energy for a molecule of monoatomic gas at temperature 400 K. [2 marks J
(d) Sketch on the same axes two graphs to show the distribution of molecular speed for a gas at two
different temperatures T
1
and T, where T
2
> T
1
. Label the position of mean speed Vm, root mean square speed v
and most probable speed V
0
on each graph. [3 marks J
(e) Compare the two graphs and explain the physical characteristics of the two distributions by giving
reasons for your answer. [2 marks J
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CONFIDENTIAL* 10 NS STPM TRIAL Marking Scheme 2011
M.arking scheme :
(a) Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases: (take any four ) ( 4 marks)
L Gas consists of a large number of molecule which move freely and randomly.
2. Gas molecules collide elastically with each other and with the walls of container,
3. The volume of the gas molecule is very small can be neglected compare to the volume of gas.
4.The intermolecular forces are very small can be neglected
(b)
5.The time of collision between molecules is neglected compare to the time interval
between two consecutive collision of a molecule
1 '
P = -p <C- >
3
1M ,
= --<C- >
3 r / ~ "
1 '
PV =-M<C-> ;M=massoflmoleofgas
m 3
But PVm =RT
1 '
-M <C- > =RT
3
1 2 3
-M<C >=-RT
2 2
1 ,, c' 3
-H m< ->=-RT ; M=NAm
2 A 2
(I)
(1)
So the average kinetic energy for a molecule of the gas is
1 , 3 R
-m < c- >= --T
2 2 NA
3
= -kT
2
R
where k=-
N
A
(I)
(c) Total kinetic energy for one mole ofmonoatomic gas
3 R
=--T
2 NA
... (I)
(I)
= ~ (6.02xl 0
23
)(1.38xl 0'
23
)( 400K)
2
= 4.99 X I 0
3
J (I)
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(d)
Number of mocules
Shape of the graphs (No simetri Curve)
Labeling axes and T
1
& T
2
Labeling v,, Vm & v for both graphs
( 1)
( 1)
(!)
Molecular speed
(e) The area under graph T
1
and T
2
are the same because the number of molecules i
remams same. . ................................................................................. (1)
The value ofV,. V m and v are higher for higher temperature because the kinetic energy of the gas
molecule will increase as the temperature increase............................................. (1)
12 (a) Two thin conducting plates have the same area of 0.50 m
2
They are placed parallel to each other and
20 mm apart. One plate is maintained at +75 V while the other at- 75 V by a d.c. supply.
(i) Detem1ine the amount of charge stored on each plate. [3 marks]
(ii) Calculate the energy per unit volume stored in the electric field between the plates. [2 marks]
(b) A parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance 3.0 fiF and a resistor of large resistance 1.0 MO are co1111ected
in series with a 12 V battery of negligible intemal resistance.
E
s
c
R
(i) Sketch graphs to show the time variation of the voltage across the capacitor and the current
through it when switch Sis closed. Label clearly the maximum voltage and current on the
respective graphs. [ 4 marks]
(ii) What is the time constant of the circuit? [1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the time taken for the capacitor to be 50% charged. [2 marks]
(iv) With the switch S closed, the plates of the capacitor are pulled slightly apart. Describe the
possible changes in the potential difference and the energy store in the capacitor. [3 marks]
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Marking scheme :
C =
'"'oA =
2.21 x10-
10
I (a) (i) d 2nx1o-a .................. (! )
(b)
Q=CV
=2.21 x 10.
10
x [75-(-75)] ............................... (1)
=3.32xi0
8
C ............................. (l)
(112)QV
(ii) Energy per unit volume=
Ad
(i)
12
VN
3.32. x10-
8
x150
= 2.y().5x0.02()
= 2.49 x I 0"Jm
3
------------------
(2)
0 '-----------+tis
(ii) 1 = CR
(iii)
= 3.0 s
-I
1
-=1-e J>.o
2
I
e;;:c; = 2
....................... (I)
.................. (!)
...... . . (I)
.......................... (1)
................... (I)
I I A
1.2xl o'
0
(2)
tis
(iv) The capacitance of the capacitor decreases because d increases but the potential difference remain
constant . '' .................................. (1)
Therefore the charges on the capacitor decreases ...................... (l)
The energy stored decreases .......................................... (I)
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CONFIDENTIAL* 13 NS STPM TRIAL Marking Scheme 2011
13 (a) The process X-rays production is the inverse of that of the photoelectric effect. Explain this statement.
(b) The graph shows the X -rays spectrum produce by a X -ray tube.
(i) What is the effect of increasing the anode voltage to the
characteristic X-rays and continuous X-rays spectra?
[2 marks]
(ii) What is the effect of using a metal target of higher atomic
number? [2 marks]
(iii) What is the effect of using a metal target of higher atomic
number.
(c)
[2 marks]
An X-ray beam is incident on a solid sample.
State two conditions that are necessary to
observe X-ray diffraction peak from the sample.
Relative
intensity
[2 marks]
I I
Wavelength, t..
[2 marks]
(d) A beam ofX-rays of wavelength 0.154 nm is incident on a crystal ofinterplanar spacing
0.288 nm. Calculate
(i) the maximum order of diffracted X-rays beams that can be detected.
(ii) the Bragg's angle for the highest order of diffraction. [5 marks]
Marking scheme :
(a) In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted from the metal surface when it is illuminated by light, that
is photon .............................. (I)
In an X-rays tube, electromagnetic radiation, that is photons, are emitted from the metal surface when the metal
is hit by electrons. .. ........................ (1)
(b) (i) There is a threshold value for anode voltage before X-rays can be generated. Variation in the anode
voltage does not alter the energy of the characteristic lines. Increasing the anode voltage will shift the X-ray
minimum wavelength towards a lower value, widen the X-rays energy range, and cause overall increase in the X-
rav intensity. .. ................................ Any 2
OR
Amin decreases, characteristic peaks remain at the same wavelengths but overall increase in the X-ray intensity.
Intensity
lntensi
0 ;\min Wavelength
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CONFIDENTIAL* 14 NS STPM TRIAL Marking Scheme 2011
(b) (ii) Increasing the current in the filament will increase overall X-rays intensitv. This is because higher
anode current means more electrons reach the target metal result in more X-rays photons. The positions of the
characteristics peaks and the cut-offwavelencth are not altered. .. ....... Any 2
OR
The positions of the characteristics peaks and A,nm remains unchanged, but
intensity increases for all wavelengths.
Intensity
length 0 -'rnm Wavelength
(b)(iii) Different metal targets will produce different characteristic X-ray energies because each metal target has
. . 1 . . 1 (7)
1ts own umgue C1aractenstic mes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
OR
Intensity
!""'"remains unchanged, but characteristic peaks shift to shorter wavelengths.
(c) The solid must be crystalline .......................... (J)
The wavelength of the X-ray is comparable to the crystal spacing ..... (1)
(i) Maximum order= 3 ......... (1)
(ii) From Bragg's equation, 2dsin8 = nl, 11 = 3
(1)
. 3(0.154)
s,ne = 2(0. 288)
e = 53.3 (JJ
14 (a) Define the binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus and mass defect of a'reaction.
(b) Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for
(i) Uranium-23 8 nucleus,
(ii) Carbon-12 nucleus.
Why is the Uranium-238 nucleus Jess stable than Carbon-12 nucleus?
(Given mass of neutron, mn=l.00867 u ; mass of proton, m,=J.00782 u ; atomic mass of Carbon-12,
Mc=l2.00000 u and atomic mass ofUranium-238, Mu=238.05079 u)
Wavelength
[2 marks]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
[!mark]
(c) An element of unknown mass is mixed with 'zC in a mass spectrometer. The radii of curvature of (the
path of the ions) of the element and ions of 'tc are 26.2 em and 22.4 em respectively. What is the element?
State any assumption made. [6 marks]
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15 . NS STPM TRIAL Marking Scheme 2011
Marking scheme :
l (a) Binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus is the energy required per nucleon to completely separate the
nucleons of the nucleus. . ................. : ... (1).
Mass defect is the difference between the total mass of the nucleons and the mass of the nucleus ...... (!)
(b) (i) For Uranium-238
(c)
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flm = 92 X 1.00782 U + 146 X 1.00867 U -238.05079 U
= 1.93447 u ............................. (l)
Binding energy per nucleon= A
1.9:>447 x931.5 Mev
238
(1)
= 7.57 MeV
(1)
(ii) For Carbon-12
flm = (&mP + Me
= 6(1.00782 u + 1.00867 u)- 12.00000 u
= 0.09894 u .................. (1)
L!..mcz
Binding energy per nucleon =
A
O.G9394 x 931..5
12
...................... (1)
= 7.68 MeV ............................. (I)
Since the binding energy per nucleon ofuraninm-23 8 is less than the binding energy per nucleon of
carbon-12. Therefore uranium-238 is less stable than carbon-12 .................. (1)
mVZ
qvB=-
r
(I)
m=
Assuming that the ions of the element have the same charge as the ions of

therefore
m ocr
A ocr
.................. (I)
A 2;6.2
---
12 22.4 ...................... (1)
A = 14 .................... (I)
The element is nitrogen ................... (I)
15
.............. (1)
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