Abstract engleza plus key words

Christophe Prez LAPRIL, Universit Bordeaux 3, France 37, cours Gambetta 33 270 Floirac France perezchristophe13@yahoo.fr

Croire et savoir : la nouvelle incarnation /

Believe and know: the new embodiment

Abstract: In the 11th century, Saint Anselme exercised a profound influence on the thought of the Middle Ages, by his intellectual attitude consisting in believing to understand ( Credo ut intellegam ). Until 17th century, indeed, belief and knowledge are confidentially connected, and it will be only in the next centuries that science and religion will bring in opposition. After the temptation to reduce philosophy to theology during medieval period, the modernity had the temptation to reduce the philosophy to the positive sciences. Is not there a constituent link between the philosophy on one hand, then the science and the monk on the other hand? The separation of the mythos and of does logos explain partially the crumbling of the philosophy today? Following the complete revision of the religions because of the scientific evolutions, are not we returning to the monk by a science which discovers its own limits and which sometimes wonders of its own discoveries? By trying to understand (include) the evolution of the western culture, we shall succeed in understanding (including) in which measure science and religion are profoundly united, while remaining separate. Keywords: Science; Religion; Embodiment; Desincarnation; Training; Faith; Knowledge.

Georgiana Hatara Universit Babes-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Roumanie georgiana_hatara@yahoo.com

Le logos entre magie et smanticit /Logos Between Magic and Semantics

Abstract: The present paper intends to examine the controversial nature of logos. It takes a multidisciplinary approach, because this is one of the most bewildering question for linguists, philosophers, anthropologists or psychologists, generating widely divergent views.The apophantik view starts from the assumption that language blocks the way to essence of things. Or, as we try to argue in this present paper, this view is only a myth, created to hide our ontological impossibility of a direct contact with things themselves. The pragmatikinterpretation considers language only as a tool of communication. Language is, of course, a tool of

communication, but, as we tried to show, this is not its primordial nature. There is also a magic view, according to which language is a sort of supernatural force that can help human being to compel the will of gods and demons. The aim of this paper is to show that language itself, far from being a human disease, a pragmatic tool or a magic weapon, is merely the principle of the universe and the first principle of knowledge (Cassirer). By its very nature and essence, language is logos semantikos: its purpose is not to create the beings, but to create the being of beings, according to Eugenio Coseriu. Another aim of this paper is to questioning the possibility of evading to a relativist drama, generated by the fact that every man speaks his own language and individuum est ineffabile. In these conditions, the idea of a common world seems to become a pure fiction. As we tried to argue in this present essay, there is only one possibility to achieve a common world: the dialogue. Keywords: Logos semantikos; logos apophantikos; Sophists; Aristotle; Cassirer; Coseriu.

Mihaela Ursa Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania mihaela_ursa@yahoo.com

When Plato Laughs

Abstract: The present paper re-investigates one of the most important Platonic dialogues in the light of the mythos-logos dialectic, as defined by J.J. Wunenburger. The myth of the androgynous, in Symposium, is reconsidered in the light of what Mikhail Bakhtin calls seriocomic or the culture of folk laughter, as an anthropogenetic parody of a mythocracticdiscourse on genesis. The reevaluation of Plato reception meets narratologic reading to prove that Aristophanes retelling of the myth must be read inside the context of Platonic discourse and not independently. Keywords: Plato; Socrates; the Symposium; Aristophanes; Eros; Androgynous; Mikhail Bakhtin; the culture of folk laughter; Marsilio Ficino.

Apophase eckhartienne et hermneutique de la dmythologisation /The EckhartianApophatism and the Hermeneutics of Demythologisation

Abstract: If the most of Meister Eckharts Dominican forerunners defend a hierarchical ontology and, consequently, the theological discourse is then possible for them as cataphatic theology, this is not the case for Meister Eckhart, who must set up an apophatic (this is to say a mystical) theology. Critical of the hierarchical image of the world under the influence of heideggerian philosophy of the difference, the liberal theology of the 20th century proposes a different solution: considering strangely the Logos of the Holy Scriptures as a mythical story and applying it the hermeneutics of demythologization. Keywords: Discourse; Word/ lovgo"; Image; Myth; Grace; Nature, Silence/ silentium/Schweigen; Voice/ vox/ fwnhv.

Corin Braga Universit Babes-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Roumanie Corin Braga@yahoo.com

La raison contre limagination au XVIIe sicle / Reason against Imagination in the Seventeenth Century

Abstract: The modern conflict between myth and logos began with the new philosophy of the seventeenth century. Rationalist philosophers, such as Descartes, Malebranche and Spinoza, and humanist thinkers, such as Thomas Browne and Robert Burton, made the distinction between senses, imagination and reason, considering that only the first and the third faculties are reliable, while fantasy is the source of all errors. This is how imagination became, metaphorically, the madwomen of the house. Excluded from the method of correct thinking, it was considered responsible for the superstitions, heresies, fantasies and other fallacies of the common sense and collective representations. Keywords : Seventeenth Century Philosophy; Rationalism; Imagination; Heresy; Common Errors; Descartes; Spinoza; Malebranche; Thomas Browne; Robert Burton.

Radu Toderici Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania todericu@yahoo.com

Un faux tabli a lair de la verit: Dominique Bouhours on Myth

Abstract: At the dawn of the modern, rational critic of mythology and the mythological mentality, myth was tolerated and even embraced by the educated people, due to its roots in the classical tradition of Greece and Rome. Some argued for its profane coexistence in a society filled with sacramental rituals, as seventeenthcentury France was. Their argument was mainly that, though depicting false events, myth was nevertheless true, allegorically translating a forgotten truth or simply being of a different essence than the facts to which the regular true-false distinction applied. In his writings, Dominique Bouhours, a preeminent teacher and man of taste of the seventeenth century, argued mostly for the latter opinion. Keywords: Myth; Fable; Dominique Bouhours; Seventeenth-Century France.

Jean-Jacques Wunenburger Universit Jean Moulin Lyon 3, France jean-jacques.wunenburger@wanadoo.fr

Goethe, rflexions sur une pistmologie alternative Forme, image et vision / Goethe: an Alternative Epistemology Gestalt, Image and Vision

toute son entreprise consistera, en effet, combattre le tour pris par les science de la nature, en leur opposant une vision esthtique du monde o lobservation combinait la rigueur de la science et lintensit potique. Michel Le Bris, Introduction W.H.Hudson, Un flneur en Patagonie, PBP, p 18.

Mircea Braga Universit 1 Decembrie 1918, Alba-Iulia, Roumanie mirceabraga@gmail.com

Aprs la mort des dieux / After the Death of the Gods

Abstract: Textul de fa reprezint un fragment din vol. 2 al lucrrii Dincolo de binele i rul culturii Friedrich Nietzsche (vol. 1: Sibiu, Ed. Imago, 2006). ntreaga cercetare este consacrat relevrii amplei problematici a culturii, aa cum se profileaz aceasta pe fundalul ansamblului gndirii nietzscheene, neocolind tribulaiile acesteia de la volum la volum. n cazul de fa, comentariul vizeaz cartea despre Zarathustra, considerat ca adevrat act de ntemeiere n viziunea filozofului a unei noi religii. Keywords: Nietzsche; Zarathustra; Gods; Prophet; Religion; Ethics; Power.

tefan Melancu Universit de Trgu-Jiu, Roumanie melancu@yahoo.fr

La crise de la modernit dans la conception de Heidegger / The Crisis of Modernity in Heideggers View

Abstract: According to Heidegger, the crisis of modernity is related to the individuals abandonment of being, to the dissolution of its meaning. The entire evolution of metaphysical thinking, from Plato and Descartes to Nietzsche is to blame. The present paper aims to analyse the way Heidegger proceeds to query the Western metaphysics through the deconstruction of the main marks supporting the evolution of metaphysics, identified here with the whole evolution of Western philosophy: the deconstruction of concepts of truth, of humanism and of metaphysical language synonymous with the subjugation of language by the dictatorship of public embankment, of the concept of rational animals and of the subject related to the world via representations. From Heideggers point of view, the ultimate stage of the individuals final abandonment of being is constituted by the fulfillment of metaphysics as the essence of planetary technology characterizing nowadays history. Keywords: Being; Metaphysics, Deconstruction; Truth; Humanism; Language; Subject; Technique.

Ionel Buse Universit de Craiova, Roumanie ionelbuse@yahoo.com

De Heidegger Eliade : deux philosophies mytho-potiques / From Heidegger to Eliade: Two Mythical-Poietical Philosophies

Abstract: Martin Heidegger and Mircea Eliade analyzed the soteriological function of the art as a form of poiesis. For them, the anamnesis does not stand for a mere memory of the divine, but for an integration of the individual into the destiny of the human being. The artistical poiesis expresses the unity of mythos and logos. It accomplishes the symbolic androgyny that unifies the invisible and the visible, the meeting between transcendence and human immanence. Keywords: Poiesis; Man; Transcendence; Mythos; Logos.

Constantin Mihai Universit de Craiova, Roumanie costimihai1977@yahoo.fr

Mythos et logos ou la diffrence spcifique entre lhomo rationalis et lhomo symbolicus/ Mythos and logos or the specific difference between homo rationalis and homo symbolicus

Abstract: If mans science must be submitted to a new discourse upon the method, under the effect of rediscovering another law, we must determine the profile of these concepts in order to get to know homo symbolicus. The difference between the ways of being into the world of homo symbolicus and homo rationalis is extremely obvious. If homo symbolicus relies on the postulate of Absolute, homo rationalis refuses the transcendence, accepting the relativity of existence. Further on, the paradox of homo rationalis supposes to

doubt himself on the significance of existence. He assumes a new ontological situation; he appears as a subject and an agent of history, so to speak, he challenges any model of humanity, besides his own condition, accepting a tragic existence. The originality of our research consists in reevaluating the function of image, which involves a reversal of the equation, abiding by two terms, founders of the European cultural tradition: mythos and logos. The insertion of the third term, imago, equilibrates the binomial mythos-logos, aiming to adjust the rapport between ration and imagination. Keywords: Image; Reason; Symbol; Coincidentia oppositorum.

Ovidiu Pecican Universit Babes-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Roumanie pecolino999@yahoo.com

Mythe et Histoire: lments contemporains de philosophie de lhistoire /Myth and History :Contemporary elements in the History of philosophy

Abstract: Although the past two centuries have witnessed at least a few significant contributions, one cannot speak of a historiographic retrospective of the Romanian philosophy of history per say. Authors such as A. D. Xenopol (1847 - 1920), Lucian Blaga (1895 - 1961), Mircea Eliade (1907 - 1986) and Neagu Djuvara (n. 1916) have in turns elaborated more or less systematic viewpoints upon history, marking out the field through works of great consistency. Nevertheless, their acknowledgement in this particular field of interest is still scarce, while other authors, maybe less systematic, yet highly inciting, remain unsufficiently explored and deciphered. The present paper aims at pursuing two of the historians who although did not leave theoretical works of great importance, have nevertheless worked out their personal approaches and inherent premises with great insight, providing suggestions for a different way of understanding the mission of historians and historiography. Thus, in order to achieve its intentions, the paper unfolds into two sections. Accordingly, the first section focuses on the concept of myth-history as it appears in the works of Eugen Lozovan, Mircea Eliade and Al. Busuioceanu. The second section observes the way in which the perception of the historiographic approach changed in the period that preceded the editorial debut of Ioan Petru Culianu. In all four cases we deal with Romanian historians who have asserted themselves abroad in the post-war years. Far from the official marxism imposed from above upon the Romanian historiography, their conceptions reveal theoretical approaches that contrast it. Keywords: Romania; History of Religions; Eugen Lozovan; Mircea Eliade; Al. Busuioceanu; Ioan Petru Culianu.

Alberto Filipe Arajo University of Minho, Braga, Portugal afaraujo@iep.uminho.pt

LImaginaire de la vie et de la nature dans luvre de Clestin Freinet /The Imaginary of Life and of Nature in Clestin Freinets Work

Abstract: The author proposes a mythical and symbolic analysis of Clestin Freinets work in which the imaginary of life and of nature is dominated by vegetal symbolism as well as by the myths of Apollo and Dionysius.

Therefore, the purpose of this article is to read his work using key-concepts of the myth analysis (Gilbert Durand). Instead of a radiographic portrait, the aim here is to identify and interpret the mythical traces of the ideologemes that are part of the ideologemic dcor of Clestin Freinets work. In the last part of this article, the author questions the usefulness of this effort in what education sciences are concerned, namely to the support of comprehending the pedagogic thinking of Clestin Freinet and the educational thinking of the New Education. Keywords: The imaginary; Life; Nature; Pedagogical theory; Clestin Freinet.

Rodica Ilie Transilvania University, Braov, Romania rodica_m_ilie@yahoo.fr

Un langage cratylen : La couleur dans la mythologie moderniste /A Cratylean Language: Colour in Modernist Mythology

Abstract: The present study focuses on the introduction of a new mythology of poetic modernism by means of colours and words. If desacralisation, as a symptom of the 18th and 19th centuries has led to what Jean-Luc Nancy defines as the interrupted myth (Lacommunaut dsuvre, 1990), Mallarm and the Impressionists, and then Sensationism (Fernando Pessoa), the English Imagists (Ezra Pound), Futurism, Abstractionism, Expressionism, Suprematism, regained, imposed new artistic codes, new myths in which colour has become the support, the instrument and the universal Cratylean language. Our aim is to define the relations between the modalities of sign motivation in Mallarms and Pounds poetry, critically considering Bachelards perspective on the metaphysics of silence or Hugo Friedrichs view, emphasizing the empty transcendence of French modernists, substituting these interpretations for the epiphanic values of white, beyond the values of negativity, of Mallarms suicidal aesthetics, drawing on the theory of suggestion which Imagism regained in Ezra Pounds inspired expression. Literature is based on an ekphrastic way of realisation in which colour ideographically contains the epiphany, owns the mystery, the essence and the transparency of the origin myth, of the recreation of the world. As for Turner or Monet, colour becomes a constructive principle with an inaugural value of cosmic structuration. Beyond the poetics of simplicity (Hannes Bhringer, 2000), for Poetic Modernists and Impressionists, colour represents the way of fostering a philosophical edifice, a metaphysical category (for Mallarm, colour fosters the mystery in the letters, contains the silence, the absolute, the mourning, as well as the perfection). For Ezra Pound, it supports the apparition of a genesis in daily life, maintains the logopoetical game, the philosophy of composition and of the imposition of a transfer language, not only a cultural grafting (Guy Scarpetta, Eloge du cosmopolitisme, 1981), but a universal language. The methodology of the present study is based on the reception theory, on the hermeneutics and philosophy of the image, on the comparatist approach, specific to cultural anthropology and to imagination studies (J-J.Wunenburger, [2001]). Keywords: Stphane Mallarm; Ezra Pound; Imagism; Impressionism; Poetics of colour; Epiphany.

Anca Tomoioag University of Oradea, Romania astoian2003@yahoo.com

Reason and Miracle in t. Aug. Doinas Psalms

Abstract: Throughout the centuries, the search for God has been performed in two different gnoseological registers: the former has included concepts and logics; the latter has resorted to miracle, faith and revelation. There were several attempts, both in theology and philosophy, to find a complementarity between the two. The present study investigates the way in which the Romanian poet t. Aug. Doina succeeds in finding this complementarity, in a volume of religious poetry, namely Psalms, published in 1997. In his poems, the poet seeks God in every element of the phenomenal world and in the epiphanies the sacred books directly reveal to him. Keywords: Romanian Literature; t. Aug. Doina; Natural Theology; Reason; Revelation.

Simona Mrie (Gruian) Universitatea Babe-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania simimaries@yahoo.com

La dmystification des mythes dans l`imaginaire postmoderne /Demystification of Myths in Postmodern Imaginary

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to highlight the phenomenon of demystifying the ancient myths in the postmodern imaginary. The pages of this study try to demonstrate the differences between the man from the past and the present one, emphasizing the idea of metamorphosis of the nowadays imaginary. Current imaginary is a source of knowledge and a source of reappraisal of the past as questioning issues long forgotten, it reconstructs on this basis a new cultural matrix, which is characterized by originality and authenticity. Today the myth represents an endless matrix because, due to its transformation over the time, it gives to the artist the possibility for ingenious combinations. This paper focuses on demonstrating how various ancient myths interpenetrate in postmodernism, where we are the witnesses of the intertextuality show. Seen from a particular perspective, the power of text regeneration - as it is perceived by the postmodern - proves the mythical regeneration power of the creative imaginary. The study brings in the foreground critical visions upon postmodern imaginary of personalities such as Liviu Petrescu, Northrop Frye, Ihab Hassan, Lyotard, Baudrillard, Jacques Derrida, writers in whose opinion the postmodernism is a synonym for decentralization, deconstruction, fragmentary issues, and on the other hand, writers like U. Eco, G. Vattimo, G. Durand, John Barth, who consider the demystification a new postmodern myth. The focus of this paper is also directed towards the phenomenon of the mythical insertion in postmodern text and towards the typology superman table, bringing into discussion the Norse mythology from "Harry Potter" and "Lord of the Rings". Keywords: Myth; Rite; Imaginary; Postmodernism; Demystification; Deconstruction.

Paolo Bellini Universit degli Studi dellInsubria, Italy p.bellini@fastwebnet.it

Between myth and logos: The concept of Mythopia and Technological Civilization

Abstract: This paper deals with globalized civilization, seen as a complex body of spectacular often contradictory narratives disseminated in every corner of our planet by a highly innovative high tech mass media system. The swift development of such a technological colonization, permeating as it does the environment of human beings as well as mental and bodily dimensions, is probably destined to mould and renovate all human societies and their subjects. This enquiry focuses on the form of the most influent narratives determining the worldview (Weltanschauung) and on the dominant social values drawing inspiration from them. However, we do not contend that all narratives and worldviews existing in the vast media domain look alike, are identical, or even similar; rather, it is our contention that a prevailing logical-conceptual structure seems to be emerging, which drives and forms them within their horizon of truth itself, at times presenting them as true and plausible, at times showing their falsity and opinability. This form of narrative can be defined as Mythopia, a blend term deriving from the words myth and utopia and conveying an oxymoric concept, which is here applied to President Obamas election slogans and communication campaign. Keywords: Myth; Utopia; Mythopia; Technology; Brainframe; Imaginary; Cyborg; Barack Obama.

Doru Pop Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania doruaurelpop@yahoo.com

Roles and Functions of Advertising Myths: A Typological View on the Romanian Contemporary Public and Media Sphere

Abstract: This paper is based on myth analysis of advertising products, the central hypothesis being that contemporary advertising functions as a transformative social matrix. The typological interpretation of advertising products is based on the most important videos of the top ten brands in Romania, focusing on products like personal hygiene and cosmetics, alcoholic beverages, sweets and chocolate, home cleaning chemicals and nonalcoholic beverages and the telecommunication companies. It is a content analysis based on the critical tradition of authors like Lvi-Strauss, Barthes and Goffman. Advertising is reconfiguring the imaginary of Romanian society, shaping the minds and cultural values of a community, as media and advertising mythologies generate new narratives about personal and social identity. The key advertising myths in Romanian media are those linked with the ideological transformations from Communism to free-market base societies, generating new social archetypes of the industrial modernity. Keywords: Advertising; Media; Myth; Content analysis; Ideology; Cultural values; Brands.

Mythos et Logos : Images et symboles

Claude-Gilbert Dubois Universit Michel de Montaigne, Bordeaux 3, France gcdubois@wanadoo.fr

Mythes, ftes et rites de la draison dans la Rome antique Une archologie du sens : sens perdu, sens recouvert, sens dcouvert, sens retrouv /Myths, Feasts and Frenzy Rites in Ancient Rome Abstract: Daily life, in Rome, during Antiquity, was ponctuated by very numerous feasts and games, which often had a commemorative function. But, as the event which founded the commemorative act had come out of the collective memory, the rite which preserved the recollection appeared as having lost all meaning. So it is necessary to trace back to the founding event of the feast or game, in order to discover, under the apparent nonsense (anotos) the mythic affabulation (mythos) giving a sense (logos) or restoring a meaning, to incongruous ritual gestures. Three cases are here considered: Lupercalia, Bacchanalia (with their particular prolongation, Matralia) and Saturnalia. Keywords: Bacchus (Bacchanalia); Dionysos; Ecstasy; Feast; Game; Lupercalia; Rites; Saturnus (Saturnalia); Sense (and Nonsense).

Laurence Gosserez Universit Stendhal-Grenoble III, France laurence.gosserez@orange.fr

Une figure antique du logos et du mythos : Le labyrinthe /An Ancient Figure of the logos and of the mythos: The Labyrinth

Abstract: In Antiquity, the labyrinth was not always regarded as a symbol of inextricable error. This is often an ordeal, solar and initiatory path. In the voyage of Theseus and the dance of cranes, it extols values of Greek Athenian civilisation. In Rome, during the reign of Augustus, the labyrinthian symbol reappears in the epic of Aeneas in the myth founding the city and is integrated into the ritual of the Play of Troy : this Roman version of the dance of cranes, celebrates civic solidarity and republican system of government, according to a text little studied of Ambrose of Milan (Exameron, dies V, VIII, 50-52). Ariadnes thread, which reproduces the coils of the labyrinth, is closely related to the symbol of weaving, that is an ancient metaphor of life, of the political art and of creation. In fact, the ancient culture contains labyrinths of the failure and labyrinths of the success: on the one hand the tragedy and on the other hand the epic. In myths of Oedipus, Hercules, Minos, the motif of the crossroads (this metonymy of the labyrinth), is an emblematic example of the choice, and illustrates the philosophical fortune of this symbol. This last does not underlie only one ethical reflection about the use of the knowledge and of the power, about freedom and justice, it includes an epistemological dimension about the methodology of the invention and about the process which governs progress. The labyrinth finally seems a specular archetype of the creative thought. It reflects the dynamic polarity of the logos and the mythos, of which it shows the patterns of renewal inside the Western culture. Recently alone, under the influence of the rationalism and the classicism, the labyrinth was perceived like an exclusively negative image of the error. Keywords: Greek Mythology; Labyrinth; Logos; Mythos; Dance of cranes; Invention.

Anna Caiozzo Universit de Paris VII, France a.caiozzo@free.fr

Entre science et croyances : limage du ciel au carrefour des imaginaires /Between Science and Faith: The Image of the Sky at the Crossroad of Cultures

Abstract: The iconography of the Heaven is undoubtedly one of the best examples to understand the aim of images in Islamic Medieval Manuscripts. Scientific images, i.e. astronomical miniatures, are very interesting for scholars because they show us how scientific matters were learned by aristocratic pupils. Astrological images are more difficult to understand at first sight because, if they do not bring more information about the text, they show us the remains of the former religions and pagan believes before the forthcoming of Islam in Northern Syria and Mesopotamia. The best example occurs to be the Astral Magic which needed both astrological (technical) knowledge and worshipping gestures and appearance in order to make talismans which shapes show us the iconography of former deities. Keywords: Image; iconography; iconology; astrology; astronomy; magic; talismans; al-Sf; Ab Mashar; celestial Myths.

Silviu Lupacu Universit darchitecture Ion Mincu, Bucarest, Roumanie slupascu@yahoo.com

HERMES TRISMEGISTUS et la thologie SOFI de lcole de Bassora /HERMES TRISMEGISTUS and the SOFI Theology from the Basra School

Abstract: The mystical theology of Hermeticism, of the Hermetic gnosis, reaches its climax through the experience of regeneration, paliggenesa. The deification of the human soul reveals itself as a direct ontological identification with one of the Divine Powers. In the Corpus Hermeticum, XIII, the Divine Powers (dunmeis) are constituent parts of the Lgos, present inside the human being during the dification. Due to the divine influx penetrating inside the human soul, the ten Divine Powers will accomplish the building of the Lgos inside the regenerated human being. The Jewish-Hermetic hypothesis implies the identification of the ten Sephirothbelima with the ten dunmeis and with the divine omnipresence (A n). The North-African Patristic tendency envisages Hermes as a pagan prophet, a forerunner of Christianity. The medieval Muslim mentality approached Hermes (Harmisa) as an antediluvian prophet, susceptible to be identified with Idrs or Ukhnkh (Henoch). The Muslim prophetology states that Herms-Idrs has been divinely sent in order to initiate the human beings through direct inspiration (ilhm), received from Allh. Parts of the Hermetic corpus had been rewritten in the Muslim religious space by Shite authors, in order to prove the theocratical causes of the historical cycle. In the context of the syncretism between the Egyptian-Greek Hermeticism and the Abrahamic religious spaces, the entering of the Divine Powers-Attributs and the manifestation of the Word of God inside human ontology define the metamorphosis of the human essence in theandric reality.

Keywords: Hermes Trismegistus; Hermeticism; Corpus Hermeticum; Regeneration (paliggenesa); Divine Powers (dunmeis); Sefer Yetsirah; Sephiroth; North-African Patristic Literature; Sufism; the School of Basra.

Martine Yvernault Universit de Limoges, France martine.yvernault@unilim.fr

La vision de la Jrusalem Cleste : parcours humain et rgle de vie dans Pearl et The Pilgrimage of the Lyfe of the Manhode / The Vision of the Celestial Jerusalem: Christian Life as a Spiritual Pilgrimage

Abstract:

Give me my Scallop shell of quiet, My staffe of Faith to walke upon, My Scrip of Joy, Immortall diet, My bottle of salvation: My Gowne of Glory, hopes true gage, And thus Ile take my pilgrimage.

This poem, first published in 1604, never received any reliable attribution but it may serve to sum up the issues targeted in this contribution. Written by a man at the point of death, it defines the pilgrimage not as the well-known terrestrial journey to a specific shrine but as the journey after death; the pilgrims material equipment for this spiritual journey is also described. Drawing on two late medieval texts, Pearl and The Pilgrimage of the Lyfe of the Manhode, this paper explores the spiritual pilgrimage, i.e. human life as a pilgrimage, leaving aside the famous pilgrimages that sent medieval pilgrims on the roads. Through the literary analysis of the two texts, two dream-visions, the narrative and dramatic strategies are concentrated on in order to understand how the readers or the audience, could have access to complex theological issues through lively imagery and discourse meant to orient and rule their lives as Christians. Keywords: Medieval Literature; Vision; Spiritual pilgrimage; Religious imagery; Allegorical discourse; Moral teaching.

Alexandra Dumitrescu Babe-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania dumitrescualec@yahoo.co.uk

Robinsoniads as Stories of Technology and Transformation

Abstract: Springing from Defoes Enlightenment narrative, the Robinsoniads explore the modern spirit as defined by reason, technology, and self-reliance, which are paralleled by solitude and individualism. Reason has received rather subversive treatments in the wake of the two World Wars. Tourniers re-writing of Defoes story presents interesting patterns of transformation from the hypotext to the hypertext (Genette, Palimpsestes 1982). The robinsoniade is paradigmatic for the Western story of transformation and stands for a founding myth of modernity. The Robinsoniads are opportunities for questioning, for facing the self, for confronting and relating with lautrui,the other, and, ultimately, for self transformation. They also raise troubled questions: What is the direction and outcome of this transformation? Do the Robinsoniads increase our knowledge and awareness of the self? Do they leave us with a world that is a better place for the experience of the Robinsoniad? What do they tell us about the dialectics of the modern self? While raising the above questions, this article explores Vendredi ou les limbes du Pacifique and its relationship with modernity and postmodernity, while proposing metamodernity as a possible endeavor to bypass some of the difficulties arising in the wake of the Enlightenment. Keywords: Robinsoniad; Daniel Defoe; Michel Tournier; Reason; Emotions, Master; Slave.

Olga Grdinaru Babe-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania olgagradinaru@gmail.com

Myth and Rationality in Russian Popular Fairy Tales

Abstract: Being a combination of mythological and everyday life details of the Slavic people, the Russian fairy tales surprise the reader with complex characters built on the archaic structures of their society and interesting malefic figures. The mythological background and the historical details that contributed to shaping a malefic character Baba Yaga with different functions and states are analyzed by V. I. Propp, opening the perspective upon the relation between mythology and folklore and establishing the basis of structural folklore. Fairy tales motifs related to this malefic character, as well as mythological representations in regard with Slavic traditions and rituals, are one of the major concerns of this essay. There are some possible etymologies mentioned and the main opinions regarding the origin of this malefic figure. One of the most important variant of its origin is analyzed, bringing arguments for its Slavic origin and historical and mythological elements that concern the death cult and pre-Christian customs and rituals. This colorful figure may be seen in its fullness due to various perspectives and historical, ethnographic and anthropological research proposed by Propp, pointing out the ambivalent nature of this underground creature and its various functions in fairy tales with a multitude of states, apparently opposed to each other. Keywords: Slavic Traditions; Russian folklore; Fairy Tales; Baba Yaga; V. I Propp.

Ruxandra Cesereanu Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania RuxCes@yahoo.com

Orestes and Oedipus: Differences, Similarities, Contaminations

Abstract: Greek tragedy launched many heroes (and anti-heroes), two of which are particularly remarkable through their strenuous and perilous glory: Oedipus and Orestes. Although at first sight the two masculine characters are each others obverse facet, the twentieth century managed (albeit rarely) to contaminate and relate them partially, at least insofar as Eugene O'Neills From Mourning becomes Electra and the lesser known Orestes & Oedipus by French author Olivier Apert are concerned. Keywords: Greek Tragedy; Oedipus; Orestes; Aeschylus; Sophocles; Euripides; Eugene O'Neill; Olivier Apert; Myth, Parricide; Matricide.

Andrada Ftu-Tutoveanu Transilvania University, Braov, Romania andrada_f@yahoo.com

Disenchanting Drugs Science, Cultural Paradigm Switch and Prohibition (1900-1920)

Abstract: The transgression in the field of drugs from religion to science took place during the 19th century (especially after the 1850s) and culminated within the first two decades of the 20th century. This process was therefore in a way delayed in comparison to other transfers of the sort, which had taken place in the western world. The present study uses as a point of depart the matrix of the process known as the disenchantment of the world, in Max Webers and Marcel Gauchets terms: the idea of reconfiguration of the universe on scientific (and therefore opposed to religious) bases. The new world (dominated by the scientific prescription a sort of medical imperialism, see Gossop, 47) represents a totally different environment, where religious belief or magical structure cannot longer function as the ultimate authority, but lose precisely their power and gradually enter in a sort of incongruence to the new reality. The first laws concerning drugs (issued around 1914-1916) have been influenced by the pressure of scientific discoveries and have also contributed to the recognition and consolidation of the medical authority, which in terms of dominance has become the new religion. Keywords: Magic; Science; Toxicology; Disenchantment of drugs; Prohibition.

Florina Codreanu Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania florina.codreanu@lett.ubbcluj.ro

Mythological and Scientific Blood

Abstract: Given its controversial history, from divine essence to a mere organic fluid, blood has been at the heart of various theories, approaches and rituals since ancient times, engendering both fascination and fear. Subject to professionalized medicine, it was also subject to manipulation and exploitation according to needs, and therefore in danger of becoming the provider of scientific opportunism and at times abuse. Until the scientific revolution huge quantities of blood were thought to be produced and destroyed daily within the human body. The key moment in history was the replacement of Galen's treatment of the venous and arterial systems as two separate systems by William Harvey's concept that blood circulated from the arteries to the veins impelled in a circle, and is in a state of ceaseless motion. [1] Despite the discovery of blood flow, the science of blood didnt instantly become a domain of its own, but played the game of mythology by using the same type of mystification. Confusion over the territory of each still prevails nowadays and if their intergrowth is necessary in the general stream of history or not represent the stake of the present paper. Keywords: Blood; Medical imaginary; Philosophy; Religion; Humors; Taboo.

Carmen-Veronica Borbly Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania carmenborbely@yahoo.com

The Archive of Myth: Lawrence Norfolk's In the Shape of a Boar

Abstract: This paper sketches a genealogical descent into the archival traces of the teratological imaginary, which permeate Lawrence Norfolks fictional rendition of catastrophe and historical trauma in his 2000 novel, In the Shape of a Boar. I emphasise the dislocation or diffraction of the monstrous figure outlined by this narrative from strict, fixed origins, for discursive renditions of myth are perpetually bound to fail in capturing an essential identity for the monster. Ultimately, by collapsing historical time layers (the dawn of human civilization, the preWWII Balkans and 1970s Western Europe) into textualised traces of the archival past, Norfolk shows the process of interiorisation monstrosity has registered, from mythical beasts (the Boar of Kalydon) to post-Enlightenment spectral internalisations of abjectionable evil. Keywords: Lawrence Norfolk; Postmodernism; Myth; Monstrosity; Evil; Genealogy.