Practice questions for Siying

Dissolving a strong acid like HCl in water causes heat to be evolved. Below is an explanation of why. Fill in the missing words.

Breaking a chemical bond _____________energy. Forming a chemical bond will _____________energy. So in a reaction that releases heat (called an _______thermic reaction), there must be net bond ______________. If you look at the equation for dissolving a strong acid like HCl in water,
H2O

HCl(concentrated)

H (aq) + Cl (aq)

you might think at first that this would have to be a heat-absorbing (endothermic) process, because it looks like the bond between H and Cl is broken. But there is another reaction hiding here. The hydrogen ion reacts with water to form a complex of the form H3O(H2O)+n (where the n can vary a bit). Whenever we write H+(aq), we actually mean H3O(H2O)+n. (It's much easier to write H+(aq)!) Because the hydrogen ion is so tiny, a large amount of charge is concentrated in a very small area, and the polar water molecules are strongly ___________to it. Attraction of a molecule/atom to another is bond _________________. This 'hydration' of the hydrogen ion involves the ______________of a covalent bond to one of the waters and a large number of strong hydrogen bonds, so it's a strongly _______________ process. This causes the mixing of a strong acid with water to be strongly ____________ overall.

Practice questions for Siying 1) Equal amounts of four different substances (A-D) where added separately to equal amounts of an acid and a thermometer placed in the mixture. For which substance A, B, C or D, is the reaction the least exothermic? A) B) C) D) Temperature rises by 3OC Temperature falls by 5OC Temperature rises by 5OC Temperature falls by 3OC

2) When an exothermic reaction takes place, the reaction mixture gets hotter because ____________ . A) more energy is released when new bonds are made than is needed to break existing bonds B) in an exothermic change the products are less stable than the reactants C) energy is always released in a chemical change which makes new substances D) exothermic changes always produce gases. 3) Which of these involves a chemical reaction? 1. baking bread : 2. boiling water : 3. corroding metals A) B) C) D) 1 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 All of them

4) Water molecules, H2O, can be broken down into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen atoms. The energy needed to break the bonds to do this is 928 kJ/mol. Therefore the average O-H bond energy in the molecule is?

Practice questions for Siying 5) When hydrogen fluoride is heated it breaks down into hydrogen and fluorine. The equation can be written as: 2HF(g) ==> H2(g) + F2(g) Use the bond energies shown below to calculate the energy change that takes place when 2 moles of hydrogen fluoride thermally decomposes in this way. (bond energies in kJ/mol: H-H = 440; F-F = 155; H-F = 560) Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? 6) When ammonium chloride dissolves in water the temperature falls. The type of energy change is described as? _________________________________________________ Why do you think it is so? Refer to question for clues ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________