Present

Past
Passive
Bijwoorden
Verb tenses:
1) Present Simple: page 3
I play cards (every week).

2) Present continuous: page 4

I am playing cards (right now).

3) Present Perfect: page 5

I have played cards (and I am rich now,
because I have won every game).

4) Present perfect continuous: page 6

I have been playing cards (for two hours
now).

5) PRESENT PERFECT and PAST SIMPLE: page 7

I have played cards<------> I played cards
yesterday.

1)Present Simple
- The present simple is the base form of a
verb:
Play, know, take, see, et cetera.
- In the 3rd person singular (He, she, it) we add
–s or –es.
He knows (base form is: know)
He touches (base form is: touch)

- Negative  :
I/you/we/they don’t/do not
He/she/it doesn’t/ does not

- Questions?
Do you know?
Do they know?

- We often use the present simple to

indicate that things always happen.
- Routines and habits, jobs/hobbies,
things that happen repeatedly.
- Keywords: these are words usually
found in sentences with “present
simple”.
- Always - Often - Usually
- Ever/Never - Every day - Once a day
- At 10 - Every - Sometimes
o’clock year
2)Present Continuous
How to create a present continuous:
Present form of to be + ing-form of verb
in use.
For example: We are playing


 I am playing/He is playing/They are playing

I am not playing/He is not playing/ They are
not playing
?
Am I playing? Is he playing? Are they playing?

Short forms (abbreviations)

 I’m/you’re/he’s
 I’m not/ you aren’t/they aren’t

- We use this tense for a present action over a

period of time, something that we are in the
middle of now.
- The action has started, but it hasn’t finished
yet.
Time expressions:
Now Still Just Already
3)Present Perfect
How to I create a present perfect: present
tense of have+ past particle.
For example: I have played


He has played

He hasn’t played
?
Has he played?

- When we use the present perfect we look

back from the past.
Time expressions:
Just Recently Lately Already
Still Ever/never Today Since
 (year)

4) Present Perfect Continuous

How to create: Have+been+ing-form.
The war has been going on for two years
now.


I have been playing cards

I haven’t been playing cards
 (I’ve been watching the news)
?
Have you been playing cards again?

- This action can be continuing in the present:

Where is he? I’ve been waiting for half an
hour now!
(He still isn’t here, and I’m still waiting here!)

- Or the action may have ended recently:

I’m sweaty, because I’ve been running.
(I stopped running a couple of minutes ago,
and now I’m sweating, and I’m very tired!)

5) Present Perfect and Past Simple:

Present Perfect Past
 Simple

A routine/habit, In the past,

linked to the present
- The new bridge has just
opened
Recently, it is open now.
- The car has broken down.
This means it’s out of action
now.
over now
- The new bridge opened
last week. It’s over.
- The car broke down
yesterday. Yesterday
indicates it’s a past event.

- The past simple means a finished time and

does not tell us anything about the present.

- The choice of tense depends on whether the

speaker sees something as in the past or as
linked to the present.

- When we refer to a specific time in the past

(e.g. last week, last year) we use the past
simple rather than the present perfect.
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
- I lived in Hoofddorp two years ago (but now I
live in Amsterdam)
 - I have lived in Hoofddorp (I still live there; I
have lived there for four years now.)
6)Present Simple and Present
Continuous:

Present Simple Present

Continuous

A routine or habit: Something we’re in the

We eat lunch every day. middle of:
We are eating lunch now.
A state or fact:
My dad loves cars.
We need a new kitchen.
Two and two is four.

Permanent:
I travel to work by car.
My friends live in Amsterdam.
Temporary:
My car is in the garage right now,
so I’m travelling to work by bus
this week.

They are living in a rented flat

until they find a bigger place.
Verb tenses:
1) Past Simple: page 9
I played cards (yesterday).
 1)Past Simple

 He played cards last week.

 He didn’t play cards last week.
? Did he play cards last week?

- We use the past simple for an action in

the past. The time of the action (e.g.
yesterday, in 1905) is over.
 - Watch out with irregular verbs!
The campers left (to leave) at six in the
morning.
Someone saw (to see) the smoke and rang
(to ring) the fire brigade.

See page 7 for a comparison between Past

Simple and Present Perfect!

2)Past continuous
How to create: past of to be+ ing-form:
- It was getting dark.
- The coffee machine wasn’t working.
 - We use the past continuous for an action
over a period of past time.

- It expresses the idea that at a time in the

past, we were in the middle of
something.

Below is a comparison between the present

continuous and past continuous!
I was traveling around the worldPast
continuous.
(I was in the middle of that journey then)

I am traveling around the worldPresent

continuous.
(I am in the middle of my journey now)
 3)Past Perfect
How to create: past of have + past
participle.

- James apologized for the trouble he had

caused.
1st: James caused trouble2nd: he
apologized.
His bad behavior happened before he
apologized.

 Someone had played cards.

 Someone hadn’t played cards.

? Had someone played cards?

- We use the Past Perfect for an action (or a

state) before a past time:
What had she done wrong? He suddenly ran
out.
Action Result
She did this first. Then she
caused this.

4)Past perfect Continuous

How to create: had been+ ing-form.

 Someone had been playing cards.

 Someone hadn’t been playing cards.

? Had someone been playing cards?

All persons are the same, singular and plural.

I had been looking/you had been/he had
been/we had been/ you had been/they had
been.

- We use the Past Perfect Continuous for an

action that went on over a period before a
past time:

I was delighted when I found a second-hand

copy of the book. I had been looking for
one (for ages).

Underlined= past time

Italics: the action before the past time