Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
Along with to the growth of the number of private car, it increases the toxic chemicals released and the need of fossil fuel. These toxic chemicals probability causes Greenhouse effect and respiratory disease which is harmful to both human being and environment. To improve the situation, electric vehicles published as a replacement. And there are several new infrastructure published to act in concert. With the increasing number of electric cars usage, management of the power consumption of the electric cars becomes another important issue. People are willing to pay more attention on how many power is consumed. So, it will be an essential for a platform which enables data exchange between automobile owner, Utility information systems (e.g. MDMS, billing) and the Charging Hotspot subsystem. ZED is an AMI solution dedicated to electrical vehicle charging for both private and public car parks. ZED is divided into two main parts: onsite subsystem (Charging Hotspot) and backend subsystem (i-Plug). Charging Hotspot subsystem consists of Z-key, Z-Charger and Data Hub which server the Electric Vehicle (EV) owners at the car park. Z-Key is a handheld device for users to initialize the charging process. Z Charger is outlet adopting latest short range communication ZigBee that measures the energy consumption during the charging process. The Data Hub collects the readings from the Z-Charger and forwards the data to i-Plug. i-Plug is a platform enables data exchange between EV owner, Utility information systems (e.g. MDMS, billing) and the Charging Hot spot Sub system. Finally, the EV owner could obtain the latest charging information via the web portal of i-Plug.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

The Vehicle identification system using Zigbee wireless RF tags to identify and authenticate vehicles entering into premises. It consists of RF vehicle tags containing authentication information for each vehicle authorized, an RF tag reader, an RF tag writer and a central database containing information about all vehicles authorized to enter the facility. Vehicular RF Tags are installed securely in all vehicles needed to be identified, authenticated and managed.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Chapter 2

VEHICULAR IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM

Vehicular RF Tags are installed securely in all vehicles needed to be identified , authenticated and managed. Each vehicular RF tag is programmed to have a unique serial number for identifying it and a password to authenticate the driver. An RF tag reader module is installed near the entrance to the facility. When a vehicle stops at the entrance the reader detects the vehicular RF tag and retrieves authentication information from it. This information is transfered over Ethernet to a central database to verify whether access is granted for a particular vehicle to enter into premises. Furthermore, the driver of the vehicle is authenticated by means of a password entered using a numerical keypad in the vehicular RF tag when prompted by the RF tag reader. Using the information received from the central database a human security personnel at the entrance or automated security system can take action to allow or deny the vehicle entrance into the facility.

2.1. Vehicular RF Tag

Each vehicle would be equipped with a vehicular RF tag having a unique serial number. The vehicular RF tag module would consists of a 2.4 GHz RF transceiver, microcontroller circuitry, power control circuitry,

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

LED indicators and a numerical keypad used to enter password for driver authentication.

2.2. RF Tag Reader, Writer

The vehicular RF tag reader and writer are implemented as one unit. It comprises of a 2.4 GHz wireless transceiver , micro-controller, power control circuitry, and a debugging and communication interface. This module is connected to a personal computing device (laptop or desktop) through aRS232 interface which is used by the security personnel at the entrance. Communication from there onwards to central database server is done through Ethernet. Depending on the verification sent by the database server, positive or negative , the user at the entrance is presented with the simple decision of whether to allow or deny entrance to a vehicle or to check the identification of vehicle and authentication of a driver manually by engagement if in doubt. Although the human agent in the system between the central database and the tag reader can be removed and the system can be fully automated, we have resorted to implement it with human involvement since most organizations employ security personnel. The RF tag writer is used to program the unique vehicle serial number and password information into a vehicular RF tag.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Fig.1. System Model 2.3. Zigbee protocol overview

Zigbee wireless protocol provides means to network a set of autonomous devices each equipped with a IEEE 802.15.4standard RF transceiver to perform some networked task. The IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard provides the Physical layer(PHY) and Medium Access Control layer (MAC) for the wireless communication while the Zigbee protocol working on top of it would perform the Network layer (NWK) and Application layer (APL) tasks. The PHY, MAC and NWK layers would handle how the underlying wireless data transmission would be carried out and how the network of RF transceivers would be organized while the APL layer would handle the tasks associated with each autonomous device. After power up, a set of Zigbee devices would involve in network formation. A device defined as a Zigbee coordinator would perform energy scans on the available wireless channels and select an interference free channel for communication .Other devices that wish to
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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

join the network would send out beacon requests in order to join the network of the coordinator .The newly joined child devices to the network can either work as end devices or routers where the coordinator is the parent . Routers can permit other devices to join it where a end devices cant; i.e. they are leaf nodes of the network. In the proposed system a vehicular RF tag takes the role of a Zigbee end device while the tag reader & writer module takes the role of Zigbee coordinator. Different Zigbee devices implement different device profiles defined under the Zigbee protocol stack to suit the application in which they are being used. The Zigbee alliance has defined several device profiles for typical applications intended for Zigbee devices, such as home and building automation, industrial control etc . The specification has also provided flexibility to include custom device profiles to suit customized applications .We have defined the vehicle identification device profile to suit our application as shown in Fig. 2.

2.4. Tag-Reader communication

Fig. 3 shows the sequence of steps involved in the communication between vehicular Tag and Tag reader. Once a tagged vehicle arrives into the vicinity of the RF tag reader the vehicular RF tag would issue beacon requests to the Tag reader .Tag reader would respond with beacon response and join the RF tag into its network as a child node. Once connected to the personal area network (PAN) of the Tag reader, it would request the vehicle serial number from the tag. After reception of the serial number from the tag the password for driver authentication is requested by the reader which is validated with the central database once received from the tag. After both serial number and password are successfully

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

exchanged the vehicle would leave the Tag readers PAN. A maximum of10 RF tags can be accommodated in the PAN of the reader . Since tags joining the PAN would leave once they are validated or denied access, this PAN size of 10 is sufficient for the efficient operation of the system. Similar flow of events occurs when information is written into a RF tag using RF tag writer. Instead of requesting for information from the tag after it joins the PAN of the coordinator, the vehicle serial number and password would be written into it and an acknowledgment would be sent back to the writer.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Fig.2. Vehicle identification device profile

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Fig. 3. Communication between tag and tag reader

Chapter 3

VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM

ZED is an AMI solution dedicated to electrical vehicle charging for both private and public car parks. A High Level Deployment of a ZED system is shown in Fig. 4.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Fig.4. High Level Deployment of a ZED system

ZED is divided into two main parts: onsite subsystem (Charging Hotspot) and backend subsystem (i-Plug). Charging Hotspot subsystem consists of Z-key, Z-Charger and Data Hub which server the Electric Vehicle (EV) owners at the car park. Z-Key is a handheld device for users to initialize the charging process. Z Charger is outlet adopting latest short range communication ZigBee that measures the energy consumption during the charging process. The Data Hub collects the readings from the Z-Charger and forwards the data to i-Plug. i-Plug is a platform enables data exchange between EV owner, Utility information systems (e.g. MDMS, billing) and the Charging Hotspot subsystem. Finally, the EV owner could obtain the latest charging information via the web portal of i-Plug. Generally, i-Plug is divided into three parts: web portals ,information infrastructure and data base management. Web portal is a series of web page that enable interactive communication between user and i-Plug while information infrastructure comprises of a group of servers which serve different purposes such as Service Management, Service Deployment, Group Communication, Node Management ,Cluster Management and Load Balancing. These functionalities will be elaborated under the Abstract System View. Finally, multiple databases are designed to store the customer information, meter data and energy profile systematically.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Fig.5. System Architecture of i-Plug

i-Plug adopts the three-tier architecture including web tier ,application tier and enterprise information tier. Web tier handles presentation and communication function while application tier supports the business intelligence and finally the enterprise information tier organize the data systematically. The abstract system architecture of i-Plug is illustrated in Fig. 6.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Fig.6. Abstract system architecture

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

3.1. IMPLEMENTATION
i-Plug could be broken down into five subsystems: Car Park Management (CPM) subsystem, Meter Management (MM)subsystem, User Management (UM) subsystem, Content Service (CS) subsystem and Billing Service (BS) Subsystem ,and each of them serves clients in different purposes. 3.1.1. Car Park Management (CPM) subsystem This subsystem handles the information of car park and it contains two major components Car Park Management Service module and Car Park Information database. CPM subsystem helps the service manager (Utility employee)managing the information of car park and so the EV owner could the obtains the updated information via the portal.

3.1.2. Meter Management (MM) subsystem

This subsystem handles the information of meter and It contains two major components Meter Management Service module and Meter Information database. MM subsystem collects meter reading and status from Charging Hotspot system and so the service manager and EV owner could obtain the energy consumption information though their web portals .Furthermore, this subsystem monitors the status of the meter and generates meter error report automatically if any operation failure is detected. Such report will deliver to service manager via email and also the warning message will display on the web portal.

3.1.3. User Management (UM) subsystem

This subsystem handles the information of user and it contains two major components User Management Service module and User Information database. UM subsystem identifies the role of user and helps the service manger managing the EV owner information easily.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

3.1.4. Content Service (CS) subsystem

This subsystem handles the information of user and it contains two major components Content Service module and Document database. CS subsystem generates reports and documents and it allows Utility information system obtaining the document via predefined communication interface such as active directory.

3.1.5. Billing Service (BS) Subsystem

This subsystem handles the billing information and it contains two major components Billing Service module and Bill Information database. BS subsystem cooperates with MM and CS subsystem in order to generate the most updated payment record.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Chapter 4

ADVANTAGES
When the electrical vehicle owners login the i-Plug web portal, the owners get the latest news from the welcome page ,the current status and the last charging record are also displayed. Users are allowed to check the current charge info and their current and previous monthly bills. They can also view the monthly and yearly energy consumption by different time and different locations. The total energy consumption is plotted by different chart type chosen by users. If the user want to locate the car parks which provide EV Charger ,the user can search the car park through the map in the i-Plug web portal. The numbers of available chargers in the car parks shown are real time. The owner can sort the car park results by price, and time.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

Chapter 5

CONCLUSION
In this paper , novel Zigbee based vehicular identification , authentication system and Zigbee based EV charging system are presented .This paper discussed about Zigbee Energy Dispenser , it is a new platform which coordinates the data flow among customer, utility information system and charging hot spot. The usage and architecture are briefly introduced, And the advantages are also discussed.

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Seminar 2011 identification and charging system

Zigbee electric vehicle

REFERENCES

[1]

K. L. Lam, K. T. Ko, H. Y. Tung, H. C. Tung, K. F. Tsang and L. L. Lai ,

ZigBee Electric Vehicle Charging System. IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, pp.507-508, 2011. [2] S. D. Dissanayake, P. P. C. R. Karunasekara, Zigbee Wireless Vehicular Identification and Authentication System, IEEE, pp. 257260, 2008. Stanton W. Hadley, Impact of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles on the Electric Grid, ORNL Report, Oct 2006. [4] [5] ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Specifications, version 1.0, April 2005. A. Wheeler, Commercial applications of wireless sensor networks using zigbee, in Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 45, no. 4, Apr. 2007, pp. 7077.

[3]

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