14.

DIGITAL IMPEDANCE AND ADMITTANCE METER

14.1. Task of the measurement
14.1.1. Prove (using schematic diagrams given below) that for the schematic diagram in
Fig.14.1 there is
− RN Re{U 2 } − RN Im{U 2 }
RX = ; LX = (14.1)
U1 ωU 1
and that for the schematic diagram in Fig.14.2 there is
− Re{U 2 } − Im{U 2 }
GX = ; CX = (14.2)
RN U 1 ω RN U 1

RX LX RN

IRN CX
RN IZX IYX IRN
- -
U1 + U1
U2 GX + U2

Obr. 14.1 Impedance to voltage Obr. 14.2 Admittance to voltage

converter converter

14.1.2. Using the RLC meter connected according to Fig. 14.3 measure inductance and
resistance of the given coil. Use series equivalent scheme of the coil and measure
values of LX, RX on two frequencies given in table below, using standard resistors RN
with resistances given also in that table:

f (Hz) ω RN (Ω)

159,2 103 100

1592 104 1000

14.1.3. Draw in your notebook approximate waveforms of phase sensitive rectifier output
voltage U2 for both position of the function switch (positions Re and Im) for one
measurement. Prove that the mean value (DC component) of this voltage U2s
corresponds to the real or imaginary component of the rectifier output voltage phasor
U2, (see [1], chap. 5.1).
14.1.4. Use the above-mentioned RLC meter to measure all three capacitances of the
equivalent scheme of the screened capacitor (C12, C10 and C20) for the given capacitor.
Use the parallel equivalent scheme of the capacitor CX, GX, measure at the frequency
of 1592 Hz, using standard resistor RN = 100 kΩ (set the resistance decade box to
99 999 Ω).

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14.2. Schematic diagram

Converter RN (YX) ZX (RN)

ZX → U2
(YX → U2)
DV1 U1
u2/, u2//

- U2 Phase
~ x (-1,11) sensitive Filter
+ rectifier
DV2
G

TTL + Re
KOMP. OSC
-
Im

Indication Indication
of the DC of
component overload

RLC meter

Obr. 14.3 Schematic diagram of the digital RLC meter (power supplies not shown)

14.3. List of the equipment used

G - generator of sinusoidal and TTL output voltages, - frequency 159.2 Hz and 1592 Hz
DV1 - digital voltmeter, type ..., measurement range used ..., error ...,
DV2 - digital voltmeter, type ..., measurement range used ..., error ...,
Power supply ±15 V, type ...,
RN - resistive decade box,
RLC meter - see Fig. 14.3.

Note 1: The calculation of components values of equivalent schemes (LX, RX or CX,

GX) is simplified by choosing ω = 103 rad/s or 104 rad/s and U1 = 1 V. The
values of equivalent scheme components are in this case found simply by
multiplication of corresponding components of the rectifier output voltage
phasors by integer powers of 10.
Note 2: By the derivation of the resulting expression use the substitution ωt = x, use the
relations ω = 2π/T, U 2 m = U 2 ef 2 and use the formula cos(α-β) = cosα cosβ +
sinα sinβ.

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Note 3: Since the DC component at the output of the phase sensitive rectifier is
proportional to the rectified mean value of the measured voltage
(U2RM = U2 cosϕ), it is necessary to set at the input of the Z → U or Y → U
converter also the mean value of voltage. We set at the input of the vector
voltmeter the RMS value (using reading of the AC digital voltmeter) and we
are interested also in RMS values of the real and imaginary parts of the
impedance converter output voltage. For sinusoidal voltage there is
URMS ≅ 1,11 URM (URM being rectified mean value). It is therefore necessary to
multiply the output voltage by 1.11. That is realized by inverting voltage
amplifier at the vector-voltmeter input with gain –1.11.
Note 4: The output voltage of the phase sensitive rectifier is non-sinusoidal periodical
function that can be expressed by a Fourier series. Since we are interested in
the DC part of this voltage only, a low-pass filter is used at the rectifier output
in the vector voltmeter. This filter filters out all higher harmonic components.
The DC part of the phase sensitive rectifier output is measured at the filter
output by a DC digital voltmeter.

Theoretical background

See the textbook:

M. Sedláček, J. Holub, D. Hejtmanová: Laboratory Excercises in Electrical Measurements,
CTU Publishing House, Prague, 2005

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