Hydrologic Cycle: Hadley Cells- George Hadley (1735) Ferrel Cells- Ferrel (1856) Polar cells Surface Water

ter Problems and Water Law 1st steamboat- Zebulon Pike (1817)- in St. Louis Yellowstone 1831 Janicke & Co 1859- Our City drawing of harbor Grand Republic (built 1867)- Missouri Guide Conton, MO, 1993 Flood Times Beach 1982 Flood (Hal Levin) Black Creek Flash Flood 3/26/2004 Dust Bowl (1931-1939) o Black Sunday 4/14/1935 Colorado River Compact 1922 o Appropriation of water Mono Lake o Home to millions of birds o LA Aqueduct (1913) 42 drop o William Mulholland-head of LA Dept of Water and Power o Tufa tower Aral Sea o 4th largest freshwater lake o water projects 1960-1993 o 16 m drop o near Kazakhstan Cholera epidemics- St Louis 1849 10% of 70,000 died 1970 Clean Water Act o no more raw sewage dumped by large municipalities Missouri CAFOs: chicken and hog wastes Habitat Destruction o Wetlands (San Fran Bay) o Lotic Ecosystems (Mississippi & Missouri Rivers) o Global species loss- Chytrid fungus (kills amphibians) Waterborne illness o 80% diseases of developing world caused by contaminated water Engineered Rivers Riparian Rights Appropriative Rights Ozark Streams and RR ties o 1910-all marketable forest gone Elder vs Delcour, MO Supreme Court 1954

o All MO streams are navigable Ground Water law different Mississippi River o 4th largest drainage area o 3rd longest o 11th highest discharge River Engineering Projects Ist Levees @ New Orleans Henry Shreves snagboat Heliopolis (1829) Snagboat Horatio G. Wright Robert E. Lee Andrew Humphries James Eads o Eads bridge (1874) o Brush Mattress (1875)

Meramec River Missouri River Projects Garrison Dam, ND St. Charles Hermann, MO Ecosystem Loss o Mussels o Ohio shrimp Notched dikes MOs river comparison Meramec River o Pictures o Comprehensive report Urban Streams, Floods Meramec Flood 3/23/2008 Valley Park 3/22/2008 Pacific, MO Cedar Rapids, IA 6/12/08 Western St. Charles County (6/20/2008) o 50 yr flood Maryland Heights FLOW=(width)(depth)(velocity) o Belt, C.B. (1975) o Pinter, N. (2000) o Criss, R.E. and Shock, E. L. (2001) St. Louis Watersheds o Fox Creek o Kiefer Creek o Black Creek-Brentwood

3/26/2004 o Southwest branch of the River des Peres- University City o Sebago Creek-Warson Woods o Deer Creek- Maplewood o Huzzah Creek o Fishpot Creek- Valley Park o Caulks Creek Hurricane Ike Flood Damage: our fault Wildhorse Creek- nice creek

Water: Missouri & Cali Melbyn Price Lock & Dam #26 o Pelicans Howard Bend Waterworks- St louis Maramec Spring Alley Spring St. Charles well field Jefferson City- 8/2/1993 Illinois River levee break-1993 flood Chesterfield Valley California- sutter buttes Rice-Sacramento Valley Tomatoes near Woodland CA Mt. Lassen, Chaos Jumbles Landslide Oroville Dam Conjunctive use Irrigation well near Calusa, CA Municipal well, Davis CA Kern County 1888 Evaporation Ponds, Lost Hills, CA Mid Hills, CA Groundwater Resources & Enviro. Problems Alluvial Well, St. Charles Co. Rising River, CA Big Spring MO Water Power & Recreation-Alley Spring Fish hatchery- Roaring river spring Rainbow trout-Maramec spring fish hatchery Water Supply & Refrigeration- Ray Springhouse-Wilson Creek National Battlefield Springfield Waterworks-Fullbright Spring Cave Salamander Cavefish Rankin Cave

 GR & E

Pipistrelle Bat o White nose syndrome Terry Spring Cliff Springs Cave o Monroe Co. IL Ag Well, Davis CA Municipal well #1, Davis CA Water Use Dilemma Artesian Well, Keweenaw Bay, MI Union Beach, NJ Subsidence o Houston-Galveston o San Joaquin Valley o New Orleans Earth Fissure, Mesa, AZ Winter Park, FL-1981 John Snow, MD 1854- cholera epidemic London Henry Darcy 1856

Abundunt Metals: Iron Metallic elements Solar abundances Differentiated planet Iron Economic factors Bushveld, SA Skarns- Cornwall, PA; Iron springs, UT MO Ores: Ozark dome, Pea Ridge (1953) Sedimentary Deposits Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) o Negaunee fm., MI Buckeye Furnace, OH (1851) Sand House, Buckeye Furnace Blast furnace USA steel industry Abundunt Metals: Al (Si, Ti, Mg) Bauxite o Strip Mine- Guyana Aluminum Laterites Charles Hall- US Chemist-1886 Aluminum Potline, Portland, OR Shipshaw Powerhouse, Quebec Alcan

Manganese Sea Floor Mining

Base Metal Deposits: Cu, Pb, Sn Mineralogical Barrier M-Vein, Casapalca, Peru Morenci Pit from Markeen Mtn. Morenci mine Morenci smelter Morenci dump Morenci tank house SWEX copper sheets Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide deposits Sediment-hosted stratiform deposits Byproduct Cu In situ Cu Mississippi Valley Types (MVTs) Taum Sauk powerplant, MO Brushy Creek Mine Bonneterre Mine Cobaltian Calcite Galena Flotation cells and rod mill Glover smelter Pb tailings near Deslodge 8/10/96 Lead shot tower st louis Toxicity of lead Ben Franklin Charles Kettering & Thomas Midgley-DuPont Sudbury, Ontario-meteorite Tin & Mercury Precious Metals: Au, Ag Marysville, CA Hydraulic Cannon, Malakoff Diggings Gold dredge, CA Tithtmer Mine, Sierra Country, CA Arrastra Stamp Mill & Pelton Wheel North Start Powerhouse, Empire Mine, CA- Lester Pelton 1870s Cornish Pump Witwatersrand deposits Main Reef Leader- Witwatersrand Basin, SA Sunshine Mine-Coeur dAlene District, ID PGE Mafic and Ultramafic Intrusions

Bushveld Complex, SA Merensky Reef Sudbury, Ontario Comstock Lode- Hg

Comstock Lode Bumpass Hell Morgan Hot Springs, CA Brokeoff Volcanoe Virginia City Square set timbering- inventor Phillipp Deidesheimer Lumber yard, Flumes, V&T railroad- Carson City, NV California Pan Mill 1882