MOI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION EARLY CHILDHOOD AND PRIMARY EDUCATION

COURSE: CULTURAL STUDIES CODE: EPE 103 TASK: Identify eight types of musical instruments and give a traditional or English translation. NAME: ETYANG JOHN KELVIN REG NO: EDH/1054/11 LECTUTER: MR. MAKOBILA

YEAR: 1 SEMESTER: 1 DATE OF PRESENTATION: 8TH OCT 2011

Identify eight types of musical instruments and give a traditional or English translation.(TESO) The musical instruments played on important role in accompanying the songs and dancer. They include

Drums (Atenus)
This is a percussion traditional musical instrument that was commonly played in Teso community. The drum is called Atenus in Teso translation. Atenus which 5-8ft in length and 23ft width. It is the largest drum among the iteso people and its always accompanied by other four small drums varied in sizes called Ideta. The Ideta drums are used to accompany atenus by producing high sounds. They are hit by small sticks to produce sound while atenus is hit by hands mostly by women and it produces low pitch. Etida drums accompanied by the Itelele are used when performing Etida dance which is a curative dance. The Emidiri drums which are cylindrical in shape are used in the twin ceremony. Mostly a log is perforated and end of it covered by skin. In summery: Atenus accompanied by Ideta, Etida accompanied by itelele and Emidiri the two cylindrical drums. Drums bring power that derives a performance. Drums were used for talking that is sending information and signals by initiating speech. Drumming music and dance are almost always an accompanied for any manner of ceremony; marriage and funeral.

Flutes (Auleru)
This is one of Iteso traditional musical instrument which air is blown into a mouth piece. Therewith producing a vibration generating a sound without the use of lips. This method is applied in connection with mouthpiece of the flute. This instrument is made either from clay, wood or animal horns, today there is only naturally also used metal or plastic. Some are used as childrens toys or in rituals in various tribes in the Iteso community more especially those found in Kenya.

Adeudeu This is a traditional bow harp-arched harp stringed instrument. It is a six stringed instrument adeudeu (bow-harp) of the Iteso. The harp is used to accompany epic and lyrical songs and it is also used as a solo instrument. Player of arched harps have had a high social status and are in royal retinues. Nowadays they also play in churches. Adungu The Adungu is a nine- stringed arched (bow)harp. The harp is also used to accompany epic and lyrical songs, and it is also used as a solo instrument. The Adungu consist of an arched neck, a wooden resonator(sound box) in which the neck is fixed and a series of parallel strings of an equal lengths that are plucked. The strings are fixed at one end to the resonator and run at an oblique angle to the neck, where they are attached and tuned with pegs. The first, second and third strings are tuned in octaves with sixth, seventh and eighth respectively. In traditional music the instrument is tuned in a pentatonic (five-note) scale, but it can also be tuned in modern style to adiatonic scale. Endongo It is a stringed instrument the Iteso played to lead a wedding dance, (embaga). It is played either solo or accompany songs of praise. The endongo has six to eight strings which are plucked. It is made with a large hemispherical sound box made from a guord, crossbar, the serries to hold the strings. The strings are made of ox tendon attached to platted leather rings that can be slid up and down the crossbar to tune the strings. The strings run along the two sides a large notched bridge in the center of the sound table, dividing then into two parallel sets. The player holds the instrument in front of him, so that he may pluck the strings between the bridges and the with the thumbs and forefingers of each hand. The lyre has a four sided frame consisting of the sound box, two arms and crossbar. The endongo has one hole has two pieces of cloth, bank bananas leaves wrapped around the frame. The strings are wound tightly around the fibre which serve as a tune reg. The highest note in the scale is the third from the left and the lowest string is the fifth. Strings 7,2,4,1 and 5 are tuned octaves.

Ennanga It is a wooden zither- string Instrument .It emphasizes the narrative and story- telling tradition of the people. Love songs, praise songs,epic,dirge songs and humorous songs. The instrument has a boat- shaped sound box with a fairy long wooden neck, which enters the resonator. Ancient painting depict there instruments often in hands of women. The Ennanga is strickly a solo instrument and has eight strings, which run above a wooden trough. The strings run parallel to the resonator, which extends the entire length of the strings. Aunene It is a musical bow-string instrument. This instrument is thought to have been developed from hunting bow made to shoot arrows. It is the mother of all string instruments, and it dates back to very early times. It is the only one string, which change pitch depending on the tension of the bow. The sound box made from aguord. It is also called Aunene-ground bow by the Iteso people. Alamaru It is a flute that is widely used in the Iteso community. It is played both as a solo and accompaniment of instrument. The instrument is blown at the slightly v- shaped slit end of the instrument, usually with four finger holes. The instrument may be accompanied by drums. It is also used to play smooth melodies for grazing cattle or to interpret love songs. Alamaru is a dominant instrument and it is played in combination with other wind or percussion instruments. The Iteso people use this flute mostly solo or they accompany it with an akogo (finger piano). Akogo/Akadongo It is a thumb piano- percussion instrument. It exists in many different names as:Akogo, Akadongo or Akalimba. It consists of a series of flexible metal or cane tongue of varying lengths fixed a wooden plate or prapezoidal sound box. The musician holds the instruments in both hands uses his thumbs to plack the slightly upturned free end of the tines. The number and arrangement of the tires or lameline, vary regionally. It is usually played solo, perhaps to relieve atrarelers solitary trek a night caretakers long watch.

The instrument accompanies a repertoire of songs for thought, or lament, sung by both men and women. Arupepe It is a hand blown instrument that requires a lot of energy for blowing. It is made of long cow horn with only one mouth hole used for communicating messages. The horn is covered with only cow skin to give a beautiful finish of different colors. Arupepe is used in palaces at ceremonies like crowning and marriage of kings, anniversaries and burials. It is with sets of royal trumpets. It is accompanied with a set of drums or played singly. Akadingidi It is a tube fiddle, it takes its name from blowing action and the kind of sound the instrument produces.This instrument is played to enunciate words and phrases as if to parrot human language. It is essentially a solo instrument with voice but can also be played as a duet, trio or together with other instruments.