Questions for Midterm: Biology 1110 L Intro Easy Questions 1. How much are your weekly quizzes worth?

2. How much is this practical worth? 3. Should you ever put anything in your mouth while you are in lab? Given what we have studied so far, why might this be the case? 4. What should you have attached to the front of all of your lab write-ups? Lab 1 Questions 1. Identify the various parts of a microscope (for this question there will be a microscope set up with parts numbered). 2. Name the three domains of life. 3. Name three characteristics unique to prokaryotes. 4. Name three characteristics unique to all eukaryotes. 5. True or false, prokaryotic cells contain mitochondria. 6. Bacteria first showed up on earth approximately: a. 3.8 million years ago b. 3.8 billion years ago c. 6000 years ago d. Last week 7. Define ubiquitous. 8. What are the four kingdoms of eukarya? 9. Give an example of each of the following; plant, animal, fungi and protest. 10. How much larger are eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells (average)? Get within the ballpark on this one. Do not plague my email inbox with questions concerning this question. There are reasonable answers, and not reasonable answers. 11. Membrane bound organelles is a defining feature of which domain of life? 12. How is bacterial DNA organized? 13. If you are using a microscope with an objective set to 40, what is the total magnification? 14. With which objective should you use to begin and end your session with a microscope? 15. What are the three basic shapes of bacteria? 16. If you were to look at bacteria under a microscope, would you expect to see any internal structures? Why or why not? 17. Describe two ways in which humans utilize bacteria. 18. A visible mass of bacteria is referred to as a _______ . 19. Define turbidity. 20. What was the major cellular structure that we were able to see once we stained our cheek cells with methylene blue? 21. Name three organelles which you might expect to find in a plant cell. 22. What are the three major types of fungi?

23. Unicellular fungi are called ______ . 24. To which domain do protists belong? 25. Plants are the only organisms which may conduct photosynthesis. Explain why this statement is false (one sentence will suffice). 26. What are three ways in which humans may use diatoms? 27. Short answer: Which of the following cells is most likely to continue living, assuming both are given the same nutrient broth. Why?

Lab 2 Questions 1. The most abundant molecule in cells is _______ . 2. Name three trace elements. 3. Complete the following table: Monomer Fatty Acid Nucleotide 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Protein Enzymes break ____ into ____ via hydrolysis. Enzymes create polymers from monomers via ________ . Are all enzymes, catalysts? Explain your reasoning. Name three ways in which one might denature an enzyme. Name one place in the human body where enzymes are likely to be found. Lactose is made from how many monosaccharides? Lactose intolerance is result of an individuals inability to break down which disachharide? What did Lactaid do in our experiment? One sentence only. Why was was maltose not affected by Lactaid? One sentence. Can humans break down cellulose? What about glycogen? For which molecule did our Chemstrips turn green? We used iodine to look at which polymer? What is the difference between an essential and a non-essential amino acid? Each amino acid is given a distinct character by its ______ . True or false: All proteins are enzymes _____ . Name the reagent we used to test for the presence of proteins. Fats are comprised of ___ fatty acids and ___ glycerol units. Polymer Carbohydrate

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What does Sudan IV do in the presence of fats? Name one difference between active transport and passive transport. Name one similarity. What are the different ways in which passive transport may take place (there are three). Can polymers freely diffuse across membranes? Explain your answer. What is the defining feature about osmosis? Complete the following chart: Solution Outside Solution Inside (More, Direction of water (More, Less or Same) Less or Same) flow (In, Out or None) Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

Lab 3 Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is a microbe? Name two ways in which bacteria help keep you safe and healthy. Define pathogen. Certain bacteria are considered opportunistic pathogens. Give one example of an illness caused by an opportunistic pathogen. Define communicable. The human body is comprised of approximately one trillion human cells. In and on the human body resides an estimated ten trillion bacteria. Where do most of these bacteria live? (name a system) Name two portals of entry and two portals of exit. Give one example of each of the following; indirect contact, direct contact and a means by which airborne droplets may be released. Which of the following structures would be an appropriate target for an antibacterial treatment? a. The nuclear membrane b. The mitochondria c. The golgi apparatus d. The ribosome Human cells and fungal cells are very similar. This being said, fungal infections are some of the most aggressive and difficult to treat. Name one fungal cellular structure which might be targeted for the treatment of infection. Hint: Plant cells also have this structure. When we did our fluid swapping activity (the cups which turned red when an individual became infected), what is the maximum number of individuals which could have been infected after three generations, assuming that there were three individuals infected before any swapping took place? How could phenol red be used to test the water quality of a swimming pool? Which of the following sanitizing agents would be most effective at disinfecting a cutting board? a. Water

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b. Soap and water c. Triclosan soap and water d. Bleach 14. When observing the effects of heat on our bacterial samples, we used three different types of bacteria. Two of those types died after being exposed to boiling water for only a couple of seconds. The third type, Bacillus cereus was found to be viable even after five minutes of exposure. What feature of Bacillus cereus made it possible to survive these temperatures for so long? 15. Certain types of white blood cells (cells of the bodys immune system) are capable of producing hypochlorous acid, also known as bleach. Why would a cell of the immune system produce bleach? Lab 4 Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. Write the basic formula for photosynthesis. What are the two major reactions in photosynthesis? The purpose of the light reaction is to convert solar energy into _______. Most people are aware of the fact that oxygen on planet earth is a product of photosynthesis. From which molecule does the oxygen originate? 5. The purpose of the light independent reaction is to use the chemical energy from the light reaction to convert ________ into glucose. 6. Complete the following table:

7. When we wanted to acidify our tubes of water, we blew into them with a straw. Similarly, oceans are also acidifying. What molecule is responsible for this phenomenon? 8. What color is phenol red when in the presence of acidic conditions? 9. What color is phenol red when in the presence of basic conditions? 10. Why would we expect our yeast to inflate the balloon when in the presence of Sprite, but not Sprite 0? 11. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? 12. Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?

13. Be sure you can label the cross section of the plant cell. 14. Complete the following table:

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The pore/guard cell complex of leaves is known as _____. Why do leaves generally have a thick, waxy top layer? In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule? Which molecule is responsible for harvesting the energy of the sun and making it usable for photosynthesis? Why are plants green? (One sentence answer) Why did our leaf disks float during last weeks experiment? Why did we add sodium bicarbonate to our leaf solution last week? Did this help, hinder or not at all affect photosynthesis? Would you expect a plant placed under a green light to grow faster, slower or not at all? Which leaf would you expect to photosynthesize the fastest?