COPYRIGHT PROTECTION USING SPREAD WEIGHTED SUM WATERMARKING

ABSTRACT:
The copyright in the work of authorship immediately becomes the property of the author who created the work. Only the author or those deriving their rights through the author can rightfully claim copyright. In the case of works made for hire, the employer and not the employee is considered to be the author. In this paper we introduce a technique called SPREAD WEIGHTED SUM (SWS) watermarking which is used to protect the copyright of the author. We also suggest a technique to protect the copyright of videos by means of a new technique called MOTION ENTROPY using H.264 STANDARD. We also compare the performance of LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT (LSB) with that of SPREAD WEIGHTED SUM (SWS) WATERMARKING for IMAGES. We also perform certain performance analysis such as SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR).

NECESSITY OF OUR PROJECT:

In this time and age, images and videos have a direct on the daily life of average individual. Due to the ease of sharing digital images and videos, especially after the internet revolution, its important to protect ones authentication. Even though many techniques are available to protect the authentication and provide copyright protection to the owner of the image or video, nothing is fully able to provide full protection to the owner of the image. Thus we develop a new technology to provide authentication and provide copyright protection to the owner of the image. WATERMARKING plays an important role in providing authentication to the owners of the image.

WATERMARKING:
A watermark is a digital code permanently embedded in cover content, in case of thesis, into a video sequence. A watermark can carry information you can imagine but the amount of the information is unlimited. The more information the watermark carries the more vulnerable the information is. There are different types of watermarking available, they are

Visible watermarking;

Invisible watermarking; VISIBLE WATERMARKING:

The data that is embedded into the image that is visible to the user, that type of watermarking is usually, is referred to as VISIBLE WATERMARKING.

INVISIBLE WATERMARKING:
The data embedded into the image that is invisible to the user is referred to as INVISIBLE WATERMARKING.

INVISIBLE WATERMARKING:
There are two types available in invisible watermarking. They are 1. LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT WATERMARKING; 2. SPREAD WEIGHTED SUM WATERMARKING;

LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT WATERMARKING:

The least significant bit (LSB) method embeds a digital message inside the LSB plane of a truncated grayscale image. We should read the truncated gray scale image from the file and we should reset the LSB plane of this image to zero. Then the message to be written into the image should be converted into a string of bits. Finally, we should ad the string of bits to the truncated gray scale image and we should write the gray scale image as a .bmp file.

SPREAD WEIGHTED SUM WATERMARKING:

THE SPREAD WEIGHTED SUM (SWS) method embeds a digital message inside a grayscale image by manipulating the value of its pixels. The value of a pixel p1 in the watermarked image is obtained based on the original value p of the pixel and the value b of the bit to be embedded in it as follows,

P1=

p+, P-,

b=0 b=1

After implementing this method, the gray scale image is readed from the file. The message to be embedded is converted into a bit stream. Since message to be embedded is very small compared to the size of image, we can afford repeating each bit r times before embedding it in the image. The maximum value of r is the ratio between the image size and the length of the string of bits.

IMAGE EXTRACTION:
Extracting the embedded message needs to read the gray scale image and watermarked image from file. Subtract the watermarked image and the gray scale image to isolate the matrix where our message is embedded. Compare the sum of r repeated bits against zero and decide whether the message bit is a zero or one. Group each seven bits together and find their ASCII code.

SWS WATERMARKING EXAMPLE

ORIGINAL INFORMATION

HELLO

EMBED

245 INTEGER FORMAT 72 101 108 108 111 140 35

66

62

214 237 65 89

BINARY FORMAT

1001000 1100101 1101100 1101100 1101111

NOT NEEDED

SWS WATERMARKING EXAMPLE:

9 bits can fit in this segment a=5

1001000 1100101 1101100 1101111

245 66 62 1101100 140 214 237 35 65 89

0 0 1 0 0 0 1

245+5 140+5 35-5

66-5 214-5 65+5

62-5 237-5 89+5

PHASES INVOLVED IN OUR PROJECT: PHASE1 APPLYING LSB TECHNOLOGY FOR IMAGES AND OBTAIN THE RESULTS APPLYING SWS TECHNOLOGY FOR IMAGES AND OBTAIN THE RESULTS.

PHASE2 PERFORM CODING FOR WATERMARKING USING MOTION ENTROPY FOR VIDEOS. EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF VIDEO WATERMARKING WITH CURRENT STANDARDS

PHASE3 COMPARE LSB AND SWS TECHNOLOGIES AND SPOT OUT THE ADVANTAGES EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE FEATURES LIKE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO.

SOFTWARE USED:
IMAGE PROCESSING USING MATLAB.

TOOLBOXES USED:
Image acquisition toolbox5; Image processing toolbox42;

DESIGN PARAMETERS:
LOW REDUNDANCY AND LOW : LOW IMMUNITY TO NOISE AND COMPRESSION. GOOD TRANSPARENCY.

ADVANTAGES:
Watermark can not be tempered with (only someone with the original image will be able to modify the watermark) Adjustable level of visible damage to the watermarked image. Easy to embed data and then recover It.

APPLICATIONS:
Owners signatures (Reducing Multimedia piracy) Alert Line on TV broadcasts (Emergency public address) Time stamping of digital images Geo tagging of digital images Saving patients data on biomedical images.

COPYRIGHT PROTECTION FOR VIDEOS: Video watermarking involves embedding cryptographic information derived from frames of digital video into the video itself. The majority of compression algorithms used in video formats are based on a frequency transform, thus watermarking in frequency domain can be directly to the coefficients of that transform. Compressed image is partially decoded to obtain those transform coefficients, watermarked and encoded back again. We are going to present a technique called MOTION ENTROPY for the video streams of H.264 STANDARD. MOTION ENTROPY: Technique for embedding watermark information and to detect the presence of watermark. Its the latest technique for watermarking videos streams. H.264 STANDARD: The H.264 standard represents an evolution of the exixting video coding standards. It has been developed by the ITU-T video coding experts group and ISO/IEC moving pictures experts group in response to the growing need for higher compression of moving pictures. This standard has been chosen because it is the latest video compression standard and offers significant efficiency improvement over the precious standards. It also provides better bit-rate to distortion rate. PARAMETERS TO BE CONSIDERED: NAL------NETWORK ABSTRACTION LAYER. SPS -------SEQUENCE PARAMETER SYSYTEM------INFO ABT COLOR AND RESOLUTION. PPS--------PICTURE PARAMETER SYSTEM--------PICTURE CODING, ENTROPY CODING.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK FOR WATERMARKING VIDEOS: H.264 CODEC SUPPORTS: SPS AND PPS; PARTITOONING OF PICTURE INTO SLICES; ALL SLICE TYPES:I,P,B;

THE WATERMARKING FRAMEWORK: This framework helps us in implementing any watermarking scheme for videos either in frequency and spatial domain.

GSTREAMER MULTIMEDIA FRAMEWORK: Generally, a H.264 video stream is usually enveloped together with the audio stream into a multimedia container format such as AUDIO VIDEO INTERLEAVE. In order to avoid implementing of unpacking various container formats and separating out the video stream, the watermarking framework is implemented as a plugin in the open source multimedia framework called GSTREAMER. GSTREAMER - A library that allows the construction of graphs media handling components, ranging from simple audio playback to complex audio and video processing.

Generic audio-video player pipeline

Input file File source Demuxer

Video decoder

Image sink

Audio decoder

Audio sink

A Gstreamer part implements the gstreamer interface which consists of source program in c. the incoming data blocks are sliced down and decoded in the gstreamer part itself.

GTREAMER INTERFACE

EMBEDDING OF DATA

DETECTION OF DATA

PROCESS OF VIDEO WATERMARKING EMBEDDING MODE: INPUT: H.264 STREAM TO PLUGIN.

OUTPUT: WATERMARKED H.264 STREAM.

WATERM ARK (EMBEDD ED INPUT FILE FILE SOURCE DEMUX ER MUXER FILE SINK OUTPU T FILE

INPUT TO THE EMBEDDING PROCESS: AN INTER OR INTRACODED SLICE; CONTENT ID-IDENTIFIER OF THE COVER CONTENT; COPYID-THE PARTICULAR IDENTIFIER OF PARTICULAR COVER CONTENT COPY; WEIGHT-WEIGHT FACTOR SPECIFYING THE WATERMARK STRENGTH.

CURRENT STATUS OF OUR PROJECT:

o Implemented LSB watermarking in images and compared the result with that of proposed. o Implemented SWS watermarking in images and analyzed its performance with that of proposed work.