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7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Settings

Introduction

The investigation is about the government cost of employment of private security

guards in the government offices of five selected municipalities in Metro Manila. A private

security guard is formally employed person who is paid to protect properties, assets or people.

Often, security guard act to protect property by maintaining a high visibility presence to

determine illegal and inappropriate actions, observing either directly, through patrols or by

watching alarm systems or video cameras. For signs of crime, fine or disorder; then taking

action and reporting any incidents to their client and emergency services as appropriate. The

number of the private security guards is comparable to the number of public police officers.

Their phenomenon as an example of the general withdrawal of the affluent from existing

communities where government provides public services instead the wealthy to pay to provide

their own premium services. It is our observation that providing a security needed in the

government offices will be based on the prerogative of the local chief executive. Our

government has protected the interest of every client to make sure that everybody is safe and

secured. That is why many government offices in the Philippines turn to private security

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guards to handle their 24/7 security needs. Whereas, Philippine Association of Detective and
University
Protective Agency Operators (PADPAO), inof
its Caloocan
efforts to professionalize the industry is
City
desirous of standardizing thethcontract note for security guards services.
7 Avenue, Tandang Sora

Background of the Study

The study is all about the government cost of employment of private security guards in

the government offices of five selected municipalities in Metro Manila. The researcher would

like to determine why government offices hiring private security guards instead of having its

local police and local enforcer. The researcher would be able to investigate regarding the

double expenses of the government offices especially the five selected municipalities

conducted survey study. Safe guard the premises with 24/7 private security agencies together

with their security guards is their main concern. Police are excellent protectors for private

communities and centers. However, relying on public security may not be enough. A police

cannot be available to guard the entire premises on constant basis and other precedence.

This is why many government offices in the Philippines handle their 24/7 hour security needs.

A private security guard can guard the premises of government offices day and night and work

with police to make sure that they are safe. The researcher also would like to identify the

legal contract of private security guard under the law of labor existing in the Philippines

including the Private Security Agency Law (RA 5487).


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Importance and Significance of the Study

a.) To the Filipino people, to know the reasons why private security guards hired in the

public instead using public purposes.

b.) To emphasize the importance of private security guard in the government offices.

c.) To know the reason why private security guard serving in the government offices

instead having the military and policemen in its localities of municipalities.

We believe that by identifying about the government cost of employment of private security

guards in the government offices including the reasons of the selected respondents on why

there is a private security guard in the government offices instead of having its own

government employment and benefits for public purposes.


Hence, the importance of the study.

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Scope and Delimitation

This study would be conducted to determine the cost of government employment of

private security guards in selected five municipalities/cities in Metro Manila. The findings

would apply only to the data gathered from the private security guards respondents, 2008-

2009. The aspects looked into the legal contract of employing private security guards in

government offices.
General purpose : To determine the employment cost of private security guards posted in

five selected municipalities/cities.

Subject matter : The cost of government employment of private security guards in

government offices.

Topics studied : Private security guards in government offices, salary given by the private

security agencies and the legal contract based on RA 5487 (Private

Security Agency Law)

Population : Private security guards and government employees

Locale of the study: Selected five municipalities/cities in Metro Manila

Period of the study: School year 2008-2009

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Statement of the Problem

1.) What is the demographic profile of the selected respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age?

1.2 Gender?

1.3 Educational Attainment?

1.4 Name of Agency?

1.5 Years of Service/

2.) What is the distribution of the private security guards among the?

2.1 Municipality of Caloocan?

2.2 Municipality of Valenzuela?

2.3 Municipality of Quezon City?

2.4 Municipality of Makati?

2.5 Municipality of Pasay?

3.) Is there a significant difference in the cost of government employment of private

security guards in the government offices?

4.) What are the reasons of the respondents on why the city halls are employing private

security guards?

5.) How do the security guards and policemen differ in their wages?

Hypothesis
There is no significant difference in the cost of employment of private security guards in

the government offices.


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Definition of Terms

1 Individual applicant (License to Possess) – any person who is applying for or renewing a

license to possess firearms as well as permit to carry firearm outside residence.

2. Juridical Entity (License to Possess) – refers to any entity applying for a license to possess

firearms through its duly authorized representative who is either the proprietor, manager

and/or operator.

3. License – an authority or permit to possess, own, carry, deal, and manufacture firearms. In

the case of private security agencies, company guards and government security units, this

refers to an authority to operate.

4. Authorized Representative – any person designated and authorized by a business entity or

law enforcement unit to apply for and obtain a license to possess, deal and/or manufacture

firearms. With regard to Private Security Agencies, Company Guards and Government

Security Units, this person is the designated proprietor, operator and/or manager.

5. Warehouse Personnel – any person who is designated and authorized to manage a private

warehouse or storage area of firearms and ammunition or the different vaults of the firearms

dealer and to conduct inventory thereof.


6. Vault Keeper – any person who is designated and authorized by a firearms dealer to

secure and manage his or her own vault in the PNP-CSG-FED warehouse.

7. PNP-CSG-FED Supervised Storage and/or Warehouse – refers to a CSG, FED supervised

and managed warehouse or storage where the different vaults of firearms dealers are

safekept.
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8. PTCFOR – a written authority issued to a person by the Chief of the Philippine National

Police or his duly authorized representative which entitles him/her to possess and carry

firearm outside of residence for the duration and purpose specified therein.

9. Security Guard or Watchman – any person who is licensed to render personal service to

secure or watch over a private residence, business establishment, or buildings, compounds,

and other areas and to conduct security inspection thereon. The terms, “Security Guard and

Watchman” are generic and synonymous as far as this definition is concerned.

10. Security Officer – any person designated by the management of a security agency to

supervise security guards/watchmen detailed in private residences, business establishments,

buildings, compounds or other areas.

11. Private Detective/Investigator – any private individual who does detective or investigative

work in behalf of another person or entity for compensation, reward or commission, other than
members of the AFP, the PNP, the guards of BJMP, municipality or city jail guards or of any

other law enforcement agencies of the government.

12. Private Security Agency – any entity which is either a sole proprietorship, a partnership

or a private corporation which is licensed to recruit, train, and provide security guards to any

person or entity to perform security services or consultation for a compensation.

13. Company Guard – is a security force maintained and operated by any private

company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch, secure or guard its business

establishment premises, compounds or properties.

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14. Government Security Unit – is a security unit maintained and operated by any government

entity other than the military or police, which is established and maintained for the purpose of

securing the office or compound and/or extension of such government facility or utility.

15. Training Instructor – an individual who is accredited by the Philippine National Police-Civil

Security Group-Security Agencies and Guards Supervision Division (PNP-CSG-SAGSD) to

teach security and related subjects in the Commission on Higher Government (CHED)

institutions offering Bachelor of Science in Criminology Courses (BS Crim Courses), and/or in

the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) licensed Security Guard

Training Schools.
16. Training Officer – an individual who is accredited by PNP-CSG-SAGSD responsible in

making training programs for the Security Guard Training Schools and/or CHED institutions

offering BS Crim. Courses.

17. Training Director – an individual accredited by PNP-CSG-SAGSD and responsible in

managing the Security Guard Training Schools and/or CHED institutions offering BS Crim.

Courses.

18. Security Guard Training School – an institution licensed by TESDA and accredited by

SAGSD to conduct pre-licensing, in-service training, supervisory training and other special

courses to and for security guards in private agencies, companies and government units.

19. End-User or consumer – any person or agency or a business entity which requires the

mandatory drug test. At CSG, it refers to either CSG-FED or CSG-SAGSD or both when

processing applicant for license and renewal thereof.


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20. Mandatory Drug Test – refers to compulsory submission of an applicant for license to

undergo a drug testing as required by RA 9165.

21. Random Drug Test – refers to compulsory submission of a licensed warehouse personnel

and/or vault keeper, private security personnel and security training personnel after having

been employed to undergo drug testing as required by RA 9165. This is being conducted to
selected individual or group of individuals without following a specific pattern and without prior

notice.
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CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies

Foreign Related Literature

Issues in Cooperation

A recurring theme in the literature is conflict between law enforcement and private security.

“Historically there has been a tension between public police and private security agents. This

tension has several components. First, the roles and functions of public and private police are

often unclear or poorly understood. While much public attention has been focused on the

‘police’ in recent years, there has been little public assessment of the privatepolice, despite

the fact thatprivate policing has been growing exponentially over the past decade.”

As early as 1978, the Private Security Advisory Council was able to outline such areas of

conflict as lack of mutual respect, lack of communication, lack of cooperation, lack of law

enforcement knowledge of private security, perceived competition, lack of standards in

security, and perceived corruption on both sides.


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Status

Security officers have long been known by the unflattering term “rent-a-cops,” and

lawenforcement officers often hold them in contempt; by contrast, the stature of police

hasbeen high since the professionalization efforts of the 1960s.

The low esteem is partly due to the “lack of selection standards for private guards, resulting in

guards who are not respected by the law enforcement officer, [and the] lack of standards for

training of private guards, resulting in a lack of confidence on the part of the law enforcement

officer that the guard would not be a problem during a criminal incident.”

In sum, “Many of the problems in communication between police and private security are

rooted in the working officer’s perception of the security guard.”

Law enforcement officials sometimes state that private security is not accountable to anyone.

Others disagree. Private Security is accountable to customers, regulators, and the market,

which penalizes them for failing to meet specific obligations. Also, private security practitioners

can be fired for sub-optimal performance, a threat that few law enforcement officials face. Like

the police, they are also accountable to civil and criminal law and the media. In fact, private

security sometimes sees law enforcement as the agency that always comes after the fact, has

little accountability for crime, and shows disdain for private security. Private Security officers

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indeed receive less training than most police, but even law enforcement practitioners observe

that “the key is to ensure that professional level training for the specific duties and jobs to be

undertaken by the private sector is provided.”Before law enforcement would feel comfortable
University of Caloocan
contracting out some of its service to privateCity
security “the private sector security industry must
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be prepared to accept that only7its Avenue,
professionalTandang
members Sora

will be asked to share in the work of the public police.” The status problem is not new. In a

national study during the early 1980s, “Law enforcement executives and line officers (patrol

and detective personnel) both rated the performance of private security personnel as fair to

poor and the overall contributions of private security as only somewhat effective . . . . Private

Security was not perceived as an equal partner in crime prevention and control, but rather as

a junior or silent partner.” However, some evidence suggests that the relationship may be

improving: A recent survey of 127 police officers and 109 security professionals in Michigan

revealed interesting findings on the relationship between public law enforcement and private

security . . . . Nearly two-thirds of all security respondents have prior law enforcement

experience while 43 percent of police officers worked in the security field before joining law

enforcement agencies . . . . Security professionals were more likely to believe they were equal

partners than were police officers. Police officers were more likely than security professionals

to rank the police/securityrelationship positively. . . . Security professionals appear more

optimistic and hopeful than police officers in evaluating various strategies for improved

relations. The strategies considered include, among others, improving interagency

communications, creating joint databases, training exchanges, and conducting regular

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meetings of agency representatives . . . .City
Both police and security professionals predicted

7th two
greater cooperation between the Avenue,
sectors Tandang
in the future.Sora

Competition

Another barrier comes from market competition. Some observers feel that as private security

grows, law enforcement (especially overtime and off-duty work) may have to shrink. Thus, law

enforcement practitioners may fear that cooperating with private security will erode their own

responsibilities and opportunities. In fact, the knife cuts both ways. When police provide

guard duty for pay, some securitycompanies see that practice as government-subsidized

competition. A 1996 lawsuit filed in federal court by four private security companies in Virginia

accused the state and seven localities of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act and of price-

fixing. “Since the police officers are using their uniforms, badges, guns, and cars supplied by

the government for off-duty private security work], it creates unfair competition. The

government basically is subsidizing private business,” said a lawyer representing the security

companies. The suit was dismissed but at this writing is on appeal in the Fourth Circuit Court

of Appeals in Richmond.

Ignorance

To a great extent, law enforcement practitioners are unaware of the role and resources of

private security. Why? “The private sector has put forth little effort to educate the police as to

the impact of corporate losses and how the impact is passed on to the citizen/customer, nor

the loss/benefit ratios utilized in determining the acquisition and commitment of security

resources.” Further, “there is a definite perception of differing motivating factors (profit vs. the
University of Caloocan
protection of citizenry), when, in actuality,City
both law enforcement and private security are
th
motivated by a very common 7 Avenue,
factor—loss Tandang Sora
prevention.”

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False Alarms

False alarms both divide and unite law enforcement and private security. On one hand, alarms

are a private security activity that has become a law enforcement headache. “Unnecessary

calls for police service due to false burglar alarms have grown into a tremendous problem.

Burglar alarms serve as useful deterrents to crime, but the amount of time and money police

spend responding to the 7 million to 15 million or more false alarm calls every year has

become intolerable to many law enforcement agencies. Projected growth in the use of alarms

portends a worsening problem.”

On the other hand, the issue has created several occasions for cooperation among local law

enforcement agencies, alarm companies, International Association of Chiefs of Police,

National Burglar and Fire Alarm Association, Central Station Alarm Association, and Security

Industry Association.

Refusal to Recognize Authority

Sometimes private security would like to participate more fully in stopping crime but is

prevented from doing so. “Armed private security officers in Northern Virginia have the power

of arrest, yet are prevented from carrying out that authority by magistrates and commonwealth

attorneys who are reluctant to accept an official summons issued by a security officer.

Security is a legitimate crime-fighting body—separate from public law enforcement yet

dependent on its cooperation.”


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Government’s Relationship with Business

In some places, government is unfriendly to business; in others, the relationship is more

cooperative. The latter type of relationship led to the development of one of the most

successful, longest-lived law enforcement- private security cooperative programs, the

Washington Law Enforcement Executive Forum (WLEEF), which includes law enforcement

leaders of that state’s major cities and counties, state and federal law enforcement

professionals, and “captains of industry.” The rationale behind WLEEF is that “although there

are those who would impugn it and attach negative images to the concept, ours is a

democracy supported by capitalism in a free enterprise system. Therefore, it is important that

law enforcement be sure that its relationships transcend not only our neighborhoods and

various units of government, but that we develop a viable interface in the commercial sphere

in the State of Washington.”

Constitutional Issues

An issue that does not necessarily cause conflict but may complicate cooperation has to do

with legal accountability. In some ways, private security’s legal accountability may not be as

great as that of law enforcement. On the other hand, when private security acts alongside or

under the direction of law enforcement, it may be acting under “color of state law,” meaning it

must meet the same legal standards that apply to law enforcement.
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Umbrella Programs

Many cooperative programs are best described as umbrella programs, as they are designed

to develop law enforcement – private security relationships, teams, and task forces that

address a wide range of concerns. One of the most notable is the Washington Law

Enforcement Executive Forum, mentioned earlier, which, among other activities, funds a

statewide loaned-executive program to enhance management of local police agencies;

provides support for the Law Enforce-

ment Executive Journal, the nation’s first law enforcement/business publication; sponsored

legislation on the regulation and training of private security personnel and on computer crime;

and created an “Economic Crime Task Force to assess the nature and extent of white-collar

crime in the state, develop strategies to reduce such crime, promote appropriate legislation

initiatives and revisions, and collect and disseminate information on economic crime.”

Similarly, the Downtown Detroit Security Executive Council (DDSEC), which includes

corporate security executives and local, state, and federal law enforcement professionals,

tackles such projects as identifying security problems from police reports and incidents

reported to private security and promoting crime prevention through environmental design in

new construction and renovation projects. Likewise, the Business/Law Enforcement Alliance

(BLEA), created in 1994, is a formal partnership between California businesses and city,

county, state, and federal law en-forcement agencies. An arm of the California Peace Officers

Association, it includes some 200 participants from various industries and law enforcement

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and has a 10-member board of directors.City
BLEA’s purpose is to create a link between the

7thand
California business community Avenue, Tandang
law enforcement Sora
so that both can work together to solve

specific problems in the state. “The organization’s leadership recognizes, for example, that

some law enforcement agencies do not have the specialized expertise, tools, or time to

investigate and prosecute certain high-tech offenders.” BLEA is currently working on three

projects: reducing check fraud, stopping the theft of rental equipment, and reducing false

alarms. It may soon develop alliances with trade organizations to combat audio and video

piracy. Another umbrella program is the Baltimore County Police and Private Security

Association, which meets once a month, has a newsletter, organizes joint training, works on

legislation and reducing false alarms, addresses specific crimes (such as graffiti), organizes

training of security officers to make better witnesses, and conducts other activities. The Area

Police-Private Security Liaison Program (APPL), formed in 1985, consists of high-ranking New

York City Police Department members and respected security directors in New York City. “The

program’s main goals are to engage in cooperative efforts to protect people and property,

exchange information to aid in the accomplishment of mutual goals, [and] eliminate the

‘credibility gap’ between police and private security.” Police members provide information on

local crime trends, patterns, and incidents; offer expertise to help private security protect

assets and clientele; and provide an atmosphere conducive to trust and cooperation. Private

security members learn how to cooperate with and help the police, and they offer expertise in

technology, building security and aset protection.

The group holds quarterly regional meetings with speeches on specific topics. Members train

each other and work together on legislation. In Missouri, the Creve Coeur Joint Crime

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Prevention Program consists of the CreveCity
Coeur Police Department, Monsanto Corporate
th
Security and St. John’s Mercy 7 Avenue,
Medical CenterTandang
Safety and Sora
Security Department. It has initiated

a community-wide project to develop a mobile crime prevention display and command center

trailer for the education and safety of the community. It holds Neighborhood Watch

appreciation awards dinners to recognize citizens of the community for their efforts in assisting

the police and preventing crime. Other activities include a bike rodeo with a crime prevention

theme; crime prevention booths at local festivals; participation in National Night Out;

Halloween parties for children; crime prevention displays at program members’ sites; one-day

seminars at program members’ sites on sexual assault, burglary prevention, drug and alcohol

abuse, traffic safety, vacation safety, and security checks; and a phone notification system to

alert neighborhood and business watch groups about crimes.Some umbrella programs

operate on the national level. For example, the Private Sector Liaison Committee of IACP has

produced, for national distribution to law enforcement And private security practitioners,

several resource and guideline documents. Examples include “Non-Sworn Alarm Responder

Guidelines: Guidelines for Employers and Law Enforcement” and “False Alarm Perspectives:

A Solution-Oriented Resource.” Other papers have addressed product tampering, workplace

drug crimes, and workplace violence. Recently, such efforts have been able to reach a wider

audience by being posted on the Internet (www.amdahl.com/ext/iacp), which was itself an

instance of cooperation, as the site space was donated by Amdahl Corporation. Similarly,

since the early 1980s, the Law Enforcement Liaison Committee (LELC) of ASIS has promoted

cooperation by sponsoring seminars and presentations on (1) security and police issues, such

as improving communications and working relationships; (2) trends in outsourcing and

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University of Caloocan
City
th
privatization; (3) training law7enforcement
Avenue, personnel
Tandangabout
Soraprivate security functions; and (4)

encouraging the establishment of law enforcement and security partnerships. In the late

1980s the LELC produced a video describing the roles and typical functions of private

security. The video was distributed to virtually every major police training academy in the

United States. The LELC has also worked to develop a closer association with such law

enforcement organizations as IACP and the National Sheriffs’ by the Bureau of Justice

Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice) to develop guidelines for establishing and improving

partnerships between public law enforcement and private security.

Trends

The literature reflects a number of trends that are affecting or will affect cooperation between

law enforcement and private security. The most powerful trend is the continued growth of the

private security industry, both in real terms and relative to law enforcement. In 1987 the

director of the U.S. Justice Department’s National Institute of Justice (NIJ) wrote that

“cooperation becomes increasingly essential with the growth of the private security industry.”

In policing, “resources to meet the increasing demand have dwindled. In most major cities,

police personnel have declined, and the number of police employees per 1,000 population

dropped 10 percent between 1975 and 1985. Shrinking tax revenues throughout the country

and outright taxpayer revolts . . . have curtailed growth in government. Police, like other public

administrators, have become familiar with cutback management.”Another trend is the change

in law enforcement’s approach to much of its work. The philosophies of community policing,

neighborhood-oriented policing, and problem-oriented policing all call on law enforcement to

cooperate with the community, which includes private security. Similarly, “where law

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enforcement is actively involved in crimeCity
prevention activities, cooperation with private
th
security is better because the 7 Avenue,
interests of the Tandang Sora
two agencies are more closely aligned.” For

example, at the Detroit Police Department, security industry representatives sit on the Chief’s

Crime Prevention Advisory Committee. In addition, increasing professionalism in private

security has slowly been improving law enforcement’s attitude toward security practitioners,

and “each successful contact aids in establishing further ties and acts as a building block for

increased communication and joint programs.”

Another trend is the private sector’s increasing need to prosecute. “[C]orporations have been

deterred from criminally prosecuting their employees by the prospects of bad publicity,

unsympathetic juries, counter lawsuits, and other real and perceived problems. Instead,

employers frequently settle for the offender’s dismissal or resignation. The current reluctance

of the business world to fight its internal crime wave with a joint private-public offensive cannot

last forever, however. The entrance of the high-tech white-collar criminal, whose skillful

predations can prove disastrous for a corporation, will likely be the most significant catalyst

bringing together the private sector and the various components of the criminal justice system

for mutual assistance.”

Also driving cooperation is the evolutionary loss of preexisting relationships. “Informal levels of

communication and cooperation are dissipating as private security firms promote managers

more from within rather than from the field of law enforcement. The ‘good ole boy’ network

cannot be relied upon for communication in future years.”

Finally, the issue of privatization is likely to continue to drive cooperation. According to a

former director of NIJ, “nearly as much money is now paid by governments to private security

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companies as is spent for public law enforcement by the federal and state governments

combined.” There are many examples of privatization requiring cooperation between law

enforcement and private security. “Instead of using regular police officers for security and

crowd control at its civic center and other city-owned buildings, Phoenix contracts that service

to Anderson Agency, Inc. . . . The company’s marketing director says lower costs are not the

only benefit the city receives from its private security force. ‘Our men are trained to prevent

things from happening, while police officers are trained to stop crimes in progress or solve

them after they have happened.’ . . . In New York City, badge wearing employees of a private

company patrol streets in search of cars with outstanding parking tickets.”

The Future

An experienced participant in law enforcement–private security collaborations makes these

comments about the possible future of cooperation: This interaction will probably produce

different benefits for each participant, including enhanced professionalization of public law

enforcement. Corporate people eventually will learn to operate more comfortably with some of

the openness and public accessibility required of criminal justice agencies. Private sector

executives will also learn to interact with people who are action-oriented, who show a great

deal of initiative, and whose freshness in attacking problems is devoid of some of the intrigue

and subtleties that frequently are found in the corporate bureaucracy. On the other side, law

enforcement officials will be exposed to a higher degree of organizational sophistication. They

will learn to view corporate problems through the eyes of chief executive officers, upwardly

mobile corporate managers, and stockholders . . . . They will learn, too, that realistic planning

and effective marketing are basic to survival. The police managers also will become sensitized

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City
to the fact that corporate entities, unlike police agencies, must measure up to competing firms

or go out of business. 7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

Local Related Literature and Studies

GUIDELINES GOVERNING THE EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS

OF SECURITY GUARDS AND SIMILAR PERSONNEL IN THE PRIVATE SECURITY

INDUSTRY.

For the purpose of ensuring the private security personnel of their rights to the minimum

benefits mandated by law, these guidelines are hereby issued for compliance of all concerned.

SECTION 1. Coverage. - This issuance shall apply to all private security agencies or

operators, their principals or clients, all companies allowed to directly employ security guards

and to all security guards, whether agency or company employees, for compliance and

entitlement, respectively, to existing labor standards laws and benefits.

Sec. 2. Definition of terms. - For the purpose of this Guidelines, the following terms are

defined:

a. "Principal" refers to any employer, company or establishment to whom a security job,

service or work is provided by a security service contractor, whether or not the arrangement is

covered by a written contract.


b. "Security service contractor" is synonymous with a private security agency which means

any person, association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits,

trains, furnishes or posts any security guard or similar personnel to individuals, corporations,

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offices and organizations, whether private or public, for their security needs as the Philippine

National Police may approve.

Sec. 3. Employment status.

3.1 Employer-employee relationship. - The security service contractor is the employer of its

security guard and similar personnel. The principal where the security guards are as-signed is

considered an "indirect employer" for unpaid wages and other wage related benefits based on

the joint and several liability of the principal with the service contractor under the Labor Code,

unless the private security agency is owned, managed or controlled by the prin-cipal or the

facts show that the principal controls the manner by which the security service is performed or

where the security guard is directly hired by the establishment.

3.2 Probationary employment. - The probationary period of a newly hired security guard or

similar personnel in the private security industry shall not exceed six (6) months. While

engaged on probationary basis, his/her services may be terminated for failure to meet the

reasonable standards or criteria made known by the security agency/employer to the guard at

the time of engagement or for just cause/s.


3.3 Regular employment. - Any security guard or similar personnel in the private se-curity

industry who is allowed to work after the probationary period shall be considered a regular

employee.

Sec. 4. Service contracts. - The security service contractor and/or the principal shall produce

or submit the original copy of their service contract when directed to do so by the Regional
University of Caloocan
Director or his/her duly authorized representative.
City The service contract shall stipulate, among
others: 7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

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a. A statement that the security guards/personnel shall be paid not less than the minimum

wage and other benefits under the Labor Code and other existing laws;

b. An escalation clause to immediately effect the common provision in the wage orders that

the prescribed increase in the wage rates of the workers shall be borne by the principal or

client of the service contractors and the contracts shall be deemed amended accordingly.

c. A statement that security service contractor and/or the principal shall comply with Social

Security, Employees Compensation, Philippine Health Insurance Corporation and Home

Development Mutual Fund laws on employees' coverage or membership.

d. The kind or nature of security service.

e. The schedule of payment of 13th month pay per P. D. 851 and re-tirement pay per R. A.

7641.

Sec. 5. Employment contracts. -


5.1 The security service contractor shall provide his security guards, detachment

commanders/supervisors and other security personnel, a copy of the employment contract

duly signed by the parties which shall contain the terms and conditions of employment, such

as those provided under Section 5 hereof.

5.2 For every assignment of a security guard/personnel to a principal, the duty detail order

shall contain the following, among others:

a. Description of job, work or service to be performed

b. Hours and days of work, work shift and applicable premium, overtime and night shift pay

rates. University of Caloocan


City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

Sec. 6. Terms and conditions of employment. -


24

6.1 The security guards and similar personnel in the employ of any private security agency or

company should be duly licensed and must have passed the physical and neuro-psychiatric

examinations required by the PNP. They are entitled to the mandatory benefits under the

Labor Code and other existing laws, including coverage by SSS, ECC, Philhealth and HDMF.

6.2 The basic wage rate of security guard/personnel shall not be less than the minimum wage

rate for the non-agricultural sector in the Region where he/she is assigned, regardless of the

nature of business of the principal, or in the Region where the security guard has been

engaged, whichever is higher.


Where a security guard/personnel is recruited through a branch office in another Region

where the principal is likewise located, the non-agricultural minimum wage rate applicable in

the workplace of the principal shall govern.

Security guards or other personnel employed and/or assigned by a security service contractor

in one Region but who are transferred, moved or assigned to another Region shall be paid

based on the more beneficial wage rate.

In case of transfer or reassignment to another principal within a Region, the wage rates may

be adjusted provided that the same shall not be less than the applicable regional minimum

wage rate.

6.3. Statutory Benefits. - The security guards/personnel are entitled to not less than the

following benefits depending on the working hours, work shift and workdays under the given

University
conditions, which benefits should be included of Caloocan
in the cost distribution in the service contract:
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

25
a. Basic salary for all actual workdays and for the ten regular holidays (as holiday pay) which

must not be lower than the minimum wage rates above described and to be computed by

using the factors recommended herein or by more favorable practice of the employer. In

addition, one hundred percent (100%) of the basic salary is due whenever work is rendered

on a regular holiday.

b. Allowance in addition to the basic salary, if any, is prescribed by the applicable Regional

Wage Order.
c. Premium pay of 30% of the daily rate for work on special days and rest days, which is

increased to 50% whenever work is performed on coinciding rest days and special days.

d. Overtime pay for work rendered in excess of eight (8) hours a day, equivalent to at least

25% of the regular wage rate on ordinary days and 30% on regular holidays, special days and

rest days.

e. Night shift pay equivalent to 10% of the regular hourly rate for work rendered between

10:00 pm to 6:00 am of the following day.

f. Five (5) day service incentive leave for every year of service which benefits can be availed

of during days of absence and, if not used, are convertible into its cash equivalent. A

proportionate leave benefit per month may be derived by dividing 5 days by 12 months times

the daily rate.

g. Paternity leave of seven (7) days with full pay. This leave shall be granted before, during or

after childbirth or after spontaneous miscarriage by his legal spouse. The paternity leave with

pay is granted for only four deliveries, including miscarriage.


University of Caloocan
City
h. 13th month pay which is 1/12 of the total basic salary earned within a calendar year.
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

26
6.4 Recommended Computation of Equivalent Monthly Rates

Using the applicable daily wage rate (ADR) and a factor representing the number of paid days

in a year, the following procedures are recommended to facilitate computation of equivalent

monthly rates (EMR).


For those who are required to work everyday including Sundays or rest days, special days

and regular holidays:

EMR = (ADR x 391.5) / 12

where 391.5 is derived from:

302.0 - ordinary working days

18.0 - 9 regular holidays x 200%

2.6 - a regular holiday on last Sunday of August x 200% + (30% of 200%)

66.3 - 51 rest days x 130%

2.6 - 2 special days x 130%

391.5 days considered paid in a year

For those who are considered paid on all days including unworked Sundays or rest days,

special days and regular holidays:

EMR = (ADR x 365) / 12

where 365 days derived from:

302 - ordinary working days 51 - rest days

10 - regular holidays

2 - University of 365
special days Caloocan
days
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

27
For those who do not work and are not considered paid on Sundays/ rest days:
EMR = (ADR x 314.6) / 12

where 314.6 is derived from:

302.0 - ordinary working days

2.6 - 2 special days (if worked) x 130%

10.0 - regular holidays

314.6 days considered paid in a year

For those who do not work and are not considered paid on Saturdays and Sundays or rest

days

EMR = (ADR x 262.6) / 12

where 262.6 is derived from:

250.0 - ordinary working days

2.6 - 2 special days (if worked) x 130%

10.0 - regular holidays

262.6 days

By using the above indicated factors, the basic wage for the worked days and holiday pay

for the 10 regular holidays are included in the monthly rates. Thirty percent (30%) rest day

premium has been integrated in factor 391.5 for all the Sundays/rest days in a year includ-

ing the last Sunday of August and in factors 314.6 and 262.6 for the two special days

(November 1 and December 31) under Executive Order No. 203 of 1987.

28
University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

Not included in the above formula is the premium pay due an employee whenever work is

rendered on an ordinary working day proclaimed by the President as a special day (that is

other than Nov. 1 and Dec. 31).

6.5 Other Mandatory Benefits. In appropriate cases, security guards/similar per-sonnel are

entitled to the mandatory benefits as listed below, although the same may not be included in

the monthly cost distribution in the contracts, except the required premiums for their

coverage:

a. Maternity benefit as provided under the SS Law;

b. Separation pay if the termination of employment is for authorized cause as provided by

law and as enumerated below:

Half-Month Pay Per Year of Service, but in no case less than One Month Pay, if separation

is due to:

1. Retrenchment or reduction of personnel effected by management to prevent serious

losses;

2. Closure or cessation of operation of an establishment not due to serious losses or

financial reverses;

3. Illness or disease not curable within a period of 6 months and continued employment is

prohibited by law or prejudicial to the employee's health or that of co-employees; or


4. Lack of service assignment for a continuous period of 6 months.

One Month Pay Per Year of Service, if separation is due to:

1. Installation of labor-saving device, such as replacement of employees by

equipment/machinery;
University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora
29

2. Redundancy, as when the position of the employee has been found to be surplusage or

unnecessary in the operation of the agency;

3. Impossible reinstatement of the employee to his/her former position or to a substantially

equivalent position for reasons not attributable to the fault of the employer, as when the

reinstatement ordered by a competent authority cannot be implemented due to closure or

cessation of op-erations of the establishment/employer, or the position to which the

employee is to be reinstated no longer exists and there is no substan-tially equivalent

position to which he/she can be assigned.

c. Cash income benefits under the State Insurance Fund in case of work-related sickness or

other contingencies.

d. Retirement pay granted by R. A. 7641 to any security guard/personnel who retires under

an applicable employer plan or policy.


For this purpose, the security service contractor shall create or put up a trust fund for

retirement benefit. The Trust Fund Agreement shall be executed by and between the trustor

and trustee in favor of the employee-beneficiary for payment of re-tirement benefit in

accordance with R. A. 5487 and R. A. 7641.

The Fund shall be administered and maintained by a trust company, bank, in-vestment

house, pre-need company or corporation duly authorized to perform trust function

exclusively for collective investment or re-investment of certain money received in its

capacity as trustee, or similar arrangement as may be agreed upon in ac-cordance with law.

As such, any payment for retirement benefits collected in advance by the contractor from

University
the principal/s shall be deposited of Caloocanto the trustee in favor of the
by the contractor/trustor
City
security
7th Avenue, Tandang
30 Sora

guard as benefit upon retirement or when his/her employment is terminated due to

authorized causes.

e. Other benefits granted by law, individual or collective agreement or company policy or

practice.

Sec. 7. Deductions from salary, - No deduction shall be made from the salary of the security

guards/personnel, except for:

a. SSS contribution

b. EC contribution
c. HDMF contribution

d. Philhealth contribution

e. Withholding tax from income, provided a proper withholding tax receipt is issued to the

employee before the filing of income tax return every year

f. Union dues, if applicable

g. Other deductions authorized by

Sec. 8. Liability and responsibilities of contractors and clients/principals.

8.1 Joint and several liability. - When the security service contractor fails to pay the wages

of its security guards/personnel, the principal shall be jointly and severally liable with the

security service contractor to the extent of the work performed by such em-ployees under

the contract, in the same manner and extent that the principal is liable to its direct

employees.

If there are wage increases or adjustments after the execution of the service contract, the

prescribed increases in the wage rates of guards shall be borne by the principal and the

University
service contract shall be deemed of Caloocan
amended accordingly. In the event that the principal fails
City
to 31
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

pay the prescribed increases, the security service contractor shall be jointly and severally

liable with the principal.

The security guards' contractual relationship is with their employer, the security ser-vice

contractor. Thus, their immediate recourse for payment of wage increase before litigation is
with their direct employer, the security service contractor. In order for the security service

contractor to comply with the new rates, the consideration paid by the principal for the

security guards' wages has to be adjusted in conformity with the mandated wage increase.

In case of finding of violations on wages and other labor standards due the security guards,

the DOLE Regional Director shall serve summons to both the security service con-tractor

and the principal to determine the extent of liability of the parties.

8.2 Solidary liability. - For purposes of immediate relief, the principal shall be deemed as the

direct employer of the security guard/personnel in any of the following cases, and therefore

shall be solidarily liable for whatever monetary claims the security guard/personnel may

have against his employer:

a. When the security service contractor is found to be engaged in labor-only contract-ing;

contracting out of work which will either displace its employees or reduce their regular work

hours or any other prohibited activity;

b. When the security service contractor is declared guilty of unfair labor practice, i.e.,

contracting out of a job, work or service being performed by union members when such will

interfere with, restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their rights to self-

organization; or
University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

32
c. When a violation of the relevant provisions of the Labor Code has been established by

the Regional Director in the exercise of his/her enforcement powers.

The principal shall also be deemed solidarily liable with the security service contractor to the

extent of accrued claims and benefits that the latter may owe to its security

guards/personnel in the following instances:

a. When the license or business permit of the security service contractor is cancelled,

revoked or not renewed by the competent authority, or

b. When the contract between the principal and the security service contractor is

preterminated for reasons not attributable to the fault of the latter.

8.3. Responsibilities and Obligations of Security Service Contractors and Principals in the

Execution of Service Contracts. - The service contracts or agreements between a security

service contractor and its principal/s shall ensure compliance with the minimum wage and

other labor standards under the laws, including the mandatory coverage by the SSS, EC,

Philhealth and HDMF.

Government agencies or instrumentalities engaging security services from private security

agencies shall likewise observe compliance with all labor laws and shall require the security

service contractor to submit, among others requirements and as part of their bid, an under-

taking to pay their workers the above benefits.


8.4. Keeping of records. - The principals as indirect employers shall keep and maintain their

own separate records or files on the assignment of security guards in their premises during

the period of the service contract, which shall be open for inspection and verification by this
University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

33

Department. The security agency, however, as the direct employer shall observe the rule on

general record keeping under the Labor Code, as amended.

Sec. 9. Right to security of tenure and due process. -

9.1 Security guards and similar personnel who have become regular employees shall enjoy

security of tenure in their employment as provided by law. Their services can only be

terminated for just or authorized causes after due process.

Termination for a just cause or causes as stated in Art. 281 of the Labor Code does not

entitle the security guard/personnel to separation pay, unless otherwise provided in the em-

ployer policy or individual contract or collective agreement.

9.2 Notice of Termination. - In case of termination of employment due to authorized causes

provided in Art. 283 and 284 of the Labor Code and in the succeeding subsection, the

employer shall serve a written notice on the security guard/personnel and the DOLE at least

one (1) month before the intended date thereof.

9.3 Reserved Status. - A security guard or similar personnel may be placed in a workpool or

on reserved status due to lack of service assignments after expiration or termination of the
service contract with the principal where he/she is assigned, or due to the temporary

suspension of agency operations.

No security guard or personnel can be placed in a workpool or on reserved status in any of

the following situations: (a) after expiration of a service contract if there are other principals

where he/she can be assigned; (b) as a measure to constructively dismiss the security
University of Caloocan
guard; and (c) as an act of retaliation for filing complaints against the employer on violations
City
of labor laws, among others. 7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

34

If, after a period of 6 months, the security agency/employer cannot provide work or give an

assignment to the reserved security guard, the latter can be dismissed from service and

shall be entitled to separation pay as described in subsection 5.6.

Security guards on reserved status who accept employment in other security agencies or

employers before the end of the above six-month period may not be given separation pay.

9.4. Preventive suspension. - Subject to the constitutional rights of the workers to security of

tenure and the right to be protected against dismissal except for a just and authorized cause

and without prejudice to the requirement of notice under Art. 282 of the Labor Code, a

security guard/personnel may be preventively suspended if his continued employment

poses a serious and imminent threat to life or property of the employer, its principal or the

guard's co-workers.
No preventive suspension shall last longer than thirty (30) days. The security agency shall

thereafter reinstate the security guard/personnel in his/her former position or it may extend

the period of suspension, provided that during the period of extension, the agency pays the

wages and other benefits due the guard/personnel.

The employer shall designate a day, time and place within the period of preventive

suspension, with notice to the employee, to hold a fact-finding investigation thus enabling

the suspended employee to be heard and assisted by a counsel or representative, if he/she

so desires, of the charge against him/her and thereby be exonerated; or, upon the

employee's failure to vindicate himself/herself, to find the employee guilty and thereby, to

terminate his/her employment.University of Caloocan


Such termination, however, shall not prejudice the right of
City
the employee to ques-tion the severance of relationship in the appropriate forum.
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

35

The above procedure shall likewise be observed by the employer/agency in case the

employment is terminated due to any of the just causes.

9.5. Report of dismissal, termination or retirement. - The security service contractor shall

submit a monthly report of all dismissals or termination, including retirement, effected during

the month to the DOLE Regional Office having jurisdiction over its main or branch office

using the prescribed form and indicating all information as required by DOLE for policy and

statistical purposes.

Sec. 10. Right to self-organization and collective bargaining. -


The security guards and other personnel employed by the security service contractor shall

have the right to form, join or assist in the formation of a labor organization of their own

choosing for purposes of collective bargaining and to engage in concerted activities which

are not contrary to law including the right to strike.

Sec. 11. Penal provision. - Violation of any of the provisions of this Guidelines which are

declared unlawful or punishable by law shall be punished accordingly.

Sec. 12. Effect on existing issuances and agreements. -

This issuance shall serve as a guide for the DOLE and its agencies in the administration

and enforcement of applicable labor and social legislations and their implementing

regulations.

Nothing herein shall be construed to authorize diminution or reduction of benefits being

enjoyed by the security guards and similar personnel at the time of issuance hereof.

This Guidelines supersedes Department Order No. 40 s. 1994 and other existing orders

University
which are inconsistent hereto and of Caloocan
shall take effect immediately.
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

36

Review of Related Studies


Before 1st October,1996, the security service personnels are under management of

"Watchmen Ordinary" (Chapter 299), but because many imperfect in the ordinary (for

example: there is no any limit to set up a company that provides security service, and there

is no limit to a person if he/she work as a security devices installer), and some employer

hired "Caretakers" instead of Security Guards to avoid the responds to the law (because

"Caretakers" is providing basically facilities management service,although security service

to a residential property is a part of facilities services), so,Hong Kong Government enforce a

new law - Security Guarding Personnel Ordinary (Chapter 460) to instead the old Watchmen

Ordinary . According the law (Chapter 460, Security Guarding Personnel Ordinance): No

individual shall do, agree to do, or hold himself/herself out as doing or as available to do,

security work for another person unless he/she does so-

• under and in accordance with a permit; or

• otherwise than for reward.

"security work" means any of the following activities-

• guarding any property;

• guarding any person or place for the purpose of preventing or detecting the

occurrence of any offence; (Replaced 25 of 2000 s. 2)

• installing, maintaining or repairing a security device;

• designing for any particular premises or place a system incorporating a security

device.

37
University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

"security device" means a device designed or adapted to be installed in any premises or

place, except on or in a vehicle, for the purpose of detecting or recording- (Amended 25 of

2000 s. 2)

• the occurrence of any offence; or

• the presence of an intruder or of an object that persons are, for reasons of security,

not permitted to bring onto the premises or place or any other premises or place.

Although The Security and Guarding Services Industry Authority ( SGSIA ) is the "in-charge"

agency of the security service industry, all applicants must submit their application and pay

the fee by mail or in person to Hong Kong Police Force(License Section).

Security officers and the police

Security personnel are not police officers, unless they are security police, but are often

identified as such due to similar uniforms and behaviors, especially on private property.

Security personnel in the U.S. derive their powers not from the state, as public police

officers do, but from a contractual arrangement that give them 'Agent of the Owner' powers.

This includes a nearly unlimited power to question with the absence of probable cause

requirements that frequently dog public law enforcement officers, provided that the security

officer does not tread on the rights and liberties of others as guaranteed by the United

States Constitution. This does not come without checks, however, as private security

personnel do not enjoy the benefit of civil protection, as public law enforcement officers do,

and can be sued directly for false arrests and illegal actions if they commit such acts.
University
Some jurisdictions do commission of Caloocan
or deputize security officers and give them limited
City
additional powers, particularly when employed in protecting public property such as mass
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

38

transit stations. This is a special case that is often unique to a particular jurisdiction or

locale. Additionally, security officers may also be called upon to act as an agent of law

enforcement if a police officer, sheriff's deputy, etc. is in immediate need of help and has no

available backup.

Some security officers do reserve police powers and are typically employed directly by

governmental agencies. Typically, these are sworn law enforcement personnel whose duties

primarily involve the security of a government installation, and are also a special case.

Other local and state governments occasionally enter into special contracts with security

agencies to provide patrol services in public areas. These personnel are sometimes referred

to as "private police officers."

Sometimes police officers work as security personnel while not on duty. This is usually done

for extra income, and work is particularly done in hazardous jobs such as bodyguard work

and bouncers outside nightclubs. In some countries, including the United Kingdom, it is

illegal for police officers to take private security work.

Except in these special cases, security personnel who misrepresent themselves as police

officers are committing a crime. However, security personnel by their very nature often work

in cooperation with police officials. Police are called in when a situation warrants a higher
degree of authority to act upon reported observations that could not be directly acted upon

safely by the security personnel.

Security personnel were often distrusted by police, who viewed them as uneducated, ill-

trained guards.[12] That attitude has been changing, however. In 1976, the Law Enforcement
University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

Assistance Administration's National Advisory


39 Commission on Criminal Justice Standards
and Goals reported:[13]

“ One massive resource, filled with significant numbers of personnel, armed with a

wide array of technology, and directed by professionals who have spent their entire

adult lifetimes learning how to prevent and reduce crime, has not been tapped by

governments in the fight against criminality. The private security industry, with over

one million workers, sophisticated alarm systems and perimeter safeguards,

armored trucks, sophisticated mini-computers, and thousands of highly skilled crime

prevention experts, offers a potential for coping with crime that can not be equalled

by any other remedy or approach...Underutilized by police, all but ignored by

prosecutors and the judiciary, and unknown to corrections officials, the private

security professional may be the only person in this society who has the knowledge

to effectively prevent crime. ”

In New York, the Area Police/Private Security Liaison program was organized in 1986 by the

NYPD commissioner and four former police chiefs working in the private security industry to
promote mutual respect, cross-training, and sharing of crime-related information between

public police and private security.

In British Columbia, Canada contract Security Guards are NOT permitted to carry firearms

(guns), batons, pepper spray, or handcuffs.[14] Violation of the act can carry a fine the

possibility of losing their Security License. Provincial Inspectors, designated as Special

Provincial Constables conduct inspections to ensure compliance with Provincial

Regulations. "In-House" Security organizations, and their employees are currently exempt

University
from Provincial Regulations. This of Caloocan
means "In-House" Security Officers could, if permitted by
City
their employer, 40
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

carry and use handcuffs, and/or a baton. The Province of BC is currently re-drafting the

provincial legislation to cover all security, and certain restrictions, as the current legislation

was file on January 9, 1981.[15]

Criticisms

Some people fear that security guards are ex-cons. However, some jurisdictions do regulate

who can work in the profession. Oregon, for example, has a list of disqualifiers that

invalidate an ex-con's eligibility for the job for either seven years, ten years or life.

In many locations, mall security personnel are largely discouraged from intervening with

guests, but with some serious situations occurring, many in the industry are calling for a
change, to get guards to be more proactive and discourage retailers from not wanting mall

security in their stores at all.

Trends

Economist Robert B. Reich, in his 1991 book The Work of Nations, stated that in the United

States, the number of private security guards and officers was comparable to the number of

publicly paid police officers. He used this phenomenon as an example of the general

withdrawal of the affluent from existing communities where governments provide public

services. Instead, the wealthy pay to provide their own premium services, through voluntary,

exclusive associations. As taxpayer resistance has limited government budgets, and as the

University
demand for secure homes in gated ofhas
communities Caloocan
grown, these trends have continued in
City
the 1990s and 2000s.
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

41

The trend in the UK at the time of writing (March 2008) is one of polarisation. The market in

Manned Guarding (the correct security industry term for the security guards most people are

familiar with) is diverging towards two opposite extremes; one typified by a highly trained

and well paid security officer; the other with security officers on or about minimum wage with

only the minimum training required by law. Within the “in-house” sector, where security

personnel are not subject to licensing under the Private Security Industry Act 2001, the

same divergence can be seen; with some companies opting for in-house security to
maintain control of their standards, whilst others use it as a route to cheaper, non-regulated,

security.
University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora
42

Synthesis of the Study Research

A.) The government cost of employing private security guards in the government offices

is mandatory for the protection of lives and properties. Local government offices is

hiring private security agencies in the different establishments of the government

offices, for the reason that: Private Security Guards can guard 24/7, day and night,

shift and work with local police and local enforcement to make sure that everything or

everyone is safe. In the event also of emergency, a private security guard will do an

immediate response.

B.) The salary cost of private security guards in the five selected municipalities is less

than the minimum wages were received. At present, there was a memorandum

circular NR I, Series of 2001 passed and approved by the legislative body regarding

the basic salary of every private security guard under the existing laws of the labor

code of the Philippines. The monthly salary rate of each guard is P14, 000.00

(fourteen thousand pesos) effective February 4, 2002. Almost all of the private

security agencies on the five selected municipalities in Metro Manila did not comply

on the said minimum wage salary existing under the labor code of the Philippines. To

ensure the standard living of every family especially private security guards. The

SAGSD and PADPAO should be and must be monitoring all agencies to ensure that

they are complying with the minimum wage salary of their private security guards.

43
They must also issue a memorandum circular to every private security agency
University
operators regarding the of Caloocan
policy of strictly implementing minimum wage salary
City
including allowable benefits
th
to
7 Avenue, Tandang Sora

C.) every private security guard. To adhere strictly with the provision of Section 1,

paragraph C and F of the Rules and Regulations Implementing Republic Act. No.

5487, as amended by Presidential Decree No. 1919, which among others, authorize

the Chief of the Philippine National police to cancel the license of any security

agency for their violation, as in the following cases: (C) When a security agency has

been found to engage in cut-throat competition by under cutting its contract rate for a

price lower than the standard of minimum rates for security services adopted by

PADPAO, Inc. with the concurrence of the Chief of the Philippine National Police. (F)

When a security agency or company security force has been found to be violating the

minimum wage rates that should be lawfully granted to their private security /

company guards. This memorandum circular shall be binding upon all private

security and detective agencies existing presently and those to be licensed hereafter

in accordance with law.


University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

44

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the government cost of employment of private security

guards in the selected municipalities in Metro Manila can be: the importance of private

security guards on the government offices, the demographic profile of the selected

respondents and the implementation of private security agency law or RA 5487

specifically in the determining of legal contract and wages of security guard.

Paradigm

45
University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

Inputs Process Outputs

Importance and significance of private Survey the reason of Protection of

security guards in the government city halls in hiring government

offices private security guard properties and lives

of employees
Demographic profile of the selected Identification of the

respondents budget Committee in public

safety is in charge in
Implementation of R.A .5487 (Private
the budget of private
Security Agency Law) specifically in its
security guards
execution in determining legal contract

and wages of security guard

Justification of the Study

The researcher will investigate and study regarding on the government cost of

employment of private security guards in the government offices of selected municipalities.

The researcher proudly stated that this study will be the first kind of research in the

Philippines and nobody will be able to research and investigate this kind of research study.

The information gathered from the selected respondents will be based on the fact findings of
the study are true and correct. That is why with the relevant and pertinent of all the data

gathered on this study will make the researcher a success.

University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

46
CHAPTER III

Methodology Research Method

The descriptive method of survey research will be used in this study. The descriptive

survey method research is a fact finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of

the findings. It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current conditions,

practices, situations or any phenomena.

Since the present investigation is concerned, the descriptive method survey of

research will be the most appropriate method to use in the topic, “The Government Cost of

Employment of Private Security Guards”.

Respondents of the Study:

A.) Atty. Joaquin Trinidad is the General Manager and the owner of the Private

Security Agency serving in the city hall of Valenzuela City. Trinsata Private

Security Agency is found at the Sampaloc, Manila. Based on the information I

have gathered from him, there are 24 private security guards posted in the city

hall of Valenzuela and for 8 months they are serving in the said municipality.

According to him, the Agency was entered in the municipality by winning the “bid”.

47
According to him also, private security guards posted in Valenzuela City Hall is

University
important for the protection of the of
livesCaloocan
and property as well as protection of
City
present Chief Local Executive
th
office, including employees of the City Hall.
7 Avenue, Tandang Sora

B.) Mr. Leonardo C. Castro is the General Manager as well as the owner of Ex-

bataan Security Agency posted and serving in the City Hall of Caloocan located

somewhere in located. Based on the information I have gathered, there are 32

private security guards designated in the city hall of Caloocan. According to him,

the agency is almost 4 years serving in the city hall of Caloocan. The Ex-bataan

Security Agency was entered in the municipality by winning the “bid”. Mr.

Leonardo C. Castro said that private security guards posted in the city hall is very

much important not only for the chief local executives and city hall employees but

also for the clients of the said municipality.


University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

48
Sampling Technique

Number of Private Security Guards designated in the five selected municipalities/city

halls.

Number 20%

1.) Caloocan City Hall 32 6

2.) Valenzuela City Hall 24 4

3.) Quezon City Hall 45 9

4.) Pasay City Hall 28 5

5.) Makati City Hall 40 8

Total: 169 Total: 32


As far as the government employment of private security guards is concerned, 169 is

the total population of the private security guards designated in the five selected

municipalities in Metro Manila government offices and 32 is the sample which is

representative.

University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

49

Development and Validation of Research

The method of collecting data will be the survey method. This is concerned with

looking into the commonality of some elements. Since the present research is about the

government cost of Employment of Private Security Guards in the five selected government

offices in Metro Manila. The normative method of survey research will be the most
appropriate method to use in gathering data. The instrument to be used to collect data and

informations will be the questionnaires as well as an interview for the selected respondents

specifically the private security guards and the owner of the private security agencies

including the Administration staff of the city halls. The researcher will be able to see and

observe that the data and informations gathered from the selected respondents are true and

correct.

University of Caloocan
City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

50

Procedure

Statistical Treatment of Data


A.) What is the demographic profile of every private security guard?

Weight No.

5 - Age

4 - Gender

3 - Educational Attainment

2 - Name of Agency

1 - Years of service

B.) How much is the salary of every private security guard in the government offices?

Weight No.

5 - 12,000 above per month

4 - 12, 000 exactly per month

3 - 11, 000 per month

2 - 10, 500 per month

1 - 10, 000 per month

C.) How much is the contract of every private security guard per head given by the local

government offices to the security agency?

Weight No.
5 - 21, 000 a month

4 - 18, 500 a month

3 - 18, 000 a month


University of Caloocan
2 - 15, 000 a monthCity
1 - 14, 0007athmonth
Avenue, Tandang Sora

51

Bibliography

William C. Cunningham and Todd H. Taylor, Private Security and Police in America: The

Hallcrest Report I (Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1985), p. 189.

Mahesh K. Nalla and Donald Hummer, “Relations Between Police and Security in

Michigan,” report

published by the School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, 1997.

Greene, Seamon, and Levy, p. 6.

“Summary of a Feasibility Conference,” p. 12.

David R. Green, “Joining Forces Against Crime,” Security Management, May 1998, pp. 95-

98.

Bob Stewart, p. 14.

Ronald L. Kuhar and Jon C. Paul, “The Milwaukee Experience,” ASIS Dynamics,

July/August 1996, pp. 5-7.

Directory, ASIS and Wisconsin Chiefs of Police Association, 1995.

“Security Group Honors Anti-stalking Police Unit,” SECURITY, July 1997, pp. 7-8.

Association. In 1997, the LELC provided the initiative for a national project (supported
Anthony M. Voelker, “Area Police–Private Security Liaison Program,” New York City Police

Department document. Circa 1988.

“1991 Annual Report,” Creve Coeur (Missouri) Joint Crime Prevention Program.

Peter A. Holmes, “Taking Public Services Private,” Nation’s Business, August 1985, pp. 20-

22.Shanahan, “Private Enterprise and the Public Police: The Professionalizing Effects of a
University of Caloocan
New Partnership,” p. 455. City
7th Avenue, Tandang Sora

52
Table of Contents

CHAPTER I

The Problem and It’s Settings ………..……………………………………………………1

Introduction ………..…………………………………………………………….1

Background of the Study ………..…………………………………………………….2

Importance and Significance of the Study ……………………………………………3

Scope and Delimitation ………..…………………………………………………….4

Statement of the Problem ………..…………………………………………………….5

Definition of Terms ………..…………………………………………………………….6

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies 37

Foreign Related Literature …..…..……………………………………………………10

Local Related Literature ………..…………………………………………………..22


Review of Related Studies …..……………………………………………………37

Synthesis of the Study Research……..………………………………………………43

Conceptual Framework ………..…………………………………………………..45

Justification of the Study ………..…………………………………………………..46

CHAPTER III

Methodology Research Method ………..………………………………………………….47

Sampling Technique………..………………………………………………….49

Development and Validation of Research ...……………………………………50

Procedure ………..…………………………………………………………………51

Bibliography ………..………………………………………………………………..52

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