1

Notes

P r epar ed by :
Ifitkhar Hussa in Rizvi

Email: iftkha rrizvi@yahoo.com

Email: ifitkharrizvi@yahoo.com

Page 1

1-Islam, a religion of peace

Or

Islam and terrorism

Outline:
1. 2. 3. 4. All the religions and laws give the message of peace. People of all the religions have committed terrorism. Miss-interpretation of Islam. Like all the other religions of the world, Islam promotes peace, love and harmony. 5. Islam forbids killing of innocent people. 6. Acts of different terrorist groups do not represent Islam. 7. Conclusion.

Essay:
All the religions and laws give the message of peace. It is man who distorts their true sense. This does not make these religions and laws evil. People of different religions have committed terrorism. History shows that Christians and Jews had committed it in past and are still committing it. Islam is basically miss-interpreted by those who do not comprehend it or distort it for their own interests. Actually, it is conspiracy which is hatched by Western media. Like all other religions Islam promotes peace, love and harmony among people. Actually the word Islam is derived from the Arabic word Slam which means peace. The Muslims greet each other by saying Slam (peace be upon you). Islam advocates peace and rejects aggression. The relation of Muslims depends on peace, mutual respect and trust. The theme of Quran is peace. Islam forbids killing of innocent people. Islam condemns killing of people merely because they belong to different religion. The Quran gives absolute freedom of religion in a society. It does not allow Muslims to fight except for self defense or to enforce peace. Regrettably, many terrorist groups are using the name of Islam for their own benefits. This gives non-Muslims a chance to declare Islam and Muslims terrorists. On the other hand, other Christians and Jewish terrorists are deliberately ignored. Attacks on the civilians are condemned by all the religions, including Islam. Some of the terrorist groups which kill innocent people consider themselves martyrs. But they should think twice. Their acts are strongly condemned by God in the verses of Quran. The Quran is very clear that the believers must defend themselves but never to aggress. To conclude, it can be said that our creator is one and same. The God of Muslims is the same as that of Jews and Christians. God does not permit one group to kill innocent people of other group. Islam should not be confused with what these so called Muslims have done. They actually, by the definition of Quran are not Muslims. In short, Islam is a religion of peace and condemns terrorism in form and manifestation.

2-Suicide Bombing and Islam

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Outline:
1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction. Islam condemns suicide bombing. In Middle East, suicide bombing was carried out by uninformed youth. We have full sympathy with those who are suffering but we cannot agree with breaking Gods commandments. 5. Islam urges the followers to adopt the way of peace. 6. Blame can be placed both on oppressors and suicide bombers. 7. Conclusion.

Essay:
A suicide bomb attack is an attack in which the bomber himself also dies. This term was first used by Western media during the Second World War to describe the actions of Japanese Kamikaze Pilots. But in recent times, it is used to describe the attacks of Muslim Jehadists. In Middle East, suicide bombing was carried out by uninformed youth. It was mainly done to avenge the loss of their freedom. But, now it has spread to the whole world. It is carried out by the youth who have lost all hopes of peaceful settlements. They witnessed their families suffering in the hands of occupying forces. Despite this intolerable situation, no permission in Islam can be found to avenge by suicide. Islam condemns suicide. Though it asks its followers to stand for their rights and defend themselves but they are told to adopt peace and tolerance first. The Quran does not promise Heaven who commits suicide but rather warns of hell. Probably, these wrong thoughts originated from manmade books of Hadiths and Sunnah. Suicide is a state of disbelief and loss of faith that is condemned by God. We have fully sympathy with those who are suffering but we cannot agree with breaking Gods commandments. Oppression is not a reason to break Gods laws, rather is a good reason to hold tight to them. We should know that by achieving peace, love and tolerance, we will gain dignity. We should show the world true face of Islam. Islam urges the followers to adopt the way of peace. They may fight when peaceful means fail. But fighting does not include the killing of innocent civilians. This does not reflect true picture of Islam. The blame can be placed both on oppressors and suicide bombers. The oppressors should give a chance to youth to live in dignity and freedom. The world has to speak up against the oppressors. No divine law allows the oppression or occupation of others houses. Peace can only be achieved by mutual understanding. To conclude, it can be said that we should tell our youth about the true Quranic commandments. But the world should also make efforts to stop this aggression. As the young generation of theses nations find no other way except to die.

3-Social Evils
Or
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Corruption in Society
Outline:
1: Man is a social animal by nature. 2: Man has deviated ( ) from true concept of Islam. 3: Different social evils are causing damage to our society. 4: Bribery is the worst social evil. 5: Hoarding ( ) and black marketing are also serious crimes. 6: Nepotism ( ) and jobbery ( ) are also very common. 7: These evils can be eradicated, if we act according to the principles of Islam.

Essay:
Man is a social animal by nature. The lust of wealth and property breeds ( ) many evils in human beings. People are ready to whatever suits them to gather wealth. They do not bother about moral values and laws of the country. Our society is a Muslim society, but it is pity that today almost all the social evils are prevailing around us. The cause of this is our deviation from the true concept of Islam. Today man has so much fallen a victim to material benefits that his survival is now at stake. This all shows how adversely evils have affected our society. The different social evils such as bribery, nepotism, jobbery, beggary, drug addiction, smuggling, dowry system and many other are causing a great damage to our social life and individual dignity ( .)They are in fact a hindrance ( )in our way to progress and prosperity in life. Bribery is the worst social evil, our society is suffering form. From top to the toe the members of our society are indulged ( ) in this evil, directly are indirectly. And the worst is that nobody is ashamed of taking are giving bribery. The situation has worsened to such an extent that even the most honest persons have been left with no alternative. It seems almost impossible to get ones work done in any department without greasing the palm of the authorities. Hoarding and black marketing are also very common. Hoarders and black marketers play with the fate of the people. Food adulteration is also a serious crime committed openly in our society. You can hardly buy anything pure from market. Adulterated food stuff is damaging the public health. Another social evil which is at peak now a day is nepotism and jobbery. Nepotism means doing undue favour in appointing ones relatives to office. The appointment of inefficient relatives of the ruling classes to office might lead us to destruction if it is not checked very soon. Sectarianism, theft, dacoities, swindling ( ,) cheating, corruption, forgery (,) delay in justice and so many other social evils have spread in our society at a large scale. To conclude, we may say that almost every part of our society is corrupt and every attitude shameful. The society cannot change until everyone changes himself and act according to the Islamic principles. However, the time has come when all these above mentioned evils should be uprooted and ended without delay if we want to make our country a true Islamic state.

4-The UNO
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The United Nations Organization

Or

Is the UNO a success or failure?

Outline:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction. Structure of UNO. The aims of UNO are to promote world peace. It is useful in many ways but it has failed to promote peace in the world. The body should be activated and re-organized.

Essay:
The UNO is a world organization. Different nations of the world formed it in 1945, after the Second World War. There are two main parts of UNO. One is the General Assembly and other is the Security Council. The General Assembly considers the questions of war, peace, development and justice. It tries to give help to poor countries to improve the condition of their people. The Security Council has fifteen members. Five of these are permanent. Each of these permanent members has a right to reject any decision of the Security Council. Urgent matters of war are considered here. There are many other organizations which are working under UNO. The main aim of UNO is to prevent war. When there is a serious dispute between member countries it tries to solve it through different ways. It discusses the causes of the war with the representatives of the fighting countries and tries to end the conflict between them. Apart from that, it tries to solve the problems of health, education, agriculture etc of member countries. It provides medicine, useful books, educational films etc to member countries. It sends trained persons in different fields to member countries to help them. As a peace loving body the UNO has utterly failed. It can stop Russia and America from invading Afghanistan. It even cannot stop America from attacking Iraq. It has done nothing to stop killing of Muslims in Kashmir, Afghanistan, Iraq, Palestine and in other countries of the world. We can say that UNO has failed to restore peace in any part of the Muslims world. Big powers like America and Russia can easily reject the decisions of the Security Council by using their Veto power of rejection. The result is that justice is not done to smaller powers or weaker countries. The UNO has not been very successful in preventing war. So there have been wars between India and Pakistan and between Arab countries and Israel. There is a dire need of improvement in the working of UNO. The UN cannot become truly powerful unless all the big powers agree to destroy their atomic weapons and decide not to make any more. The UN should be having its own armed forces, more powerful than any one single country. None of the big powers should have the right to reject the decisions of Security Council. The decisions of General Assembly should be implemented by force. But the UN should at the same time be completely impartial in giving its decisions on dispute between member countries.

5-The Choice of a Profession

Or
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The choice of a career

Outline:
1. 2. 3. 4. In the modern world, the choice of a profession is a very difficult thing. Our career is determined by number of factors. Personal likes and dislikes play an important role in deciding ones profession. The parents and teachers should guide the young men to adopt the right type of profession. 5. The responsibility of the parents in the selection of right type of profession is great.

Essay:
In this modern world the choice of a profession is a very difficult thing. In a country like Pakistan, where unemployment among the educated people is great, the selection of right type of career is very difficult. In our country, population is increasing every year. The opportunities of doing job are minimizing. The educated people are forced to do jobs contrary to their taste due to shortage of jobs. Looking a doctor sitting for a competitive exam is quite heartbreaking. The proper place for a doctor is a hospital and not the court. But he is helpless. He does not get a job. We can say for the most of qualified people the choice of a profession has become difficult. In past, no one worried about the choice of a profession. The son of a blacksmith became a blacksmith ( .)A businessman would leave behind his business for his son. But now the things have changed. Even the uneducated parents are worried about the careers of their children. The career of a young man is determined by many factors. Some children follow the career chosen by their parents; others decide a career for themselves. Children born in the house of a merchant likes to become a businessman. The business is already established; therefore, it requires little effort to adopt it. The educated find it hard to adopt the profession of their choice. Before the selection of a career, we must take into account our aptitude ( ,)taste and mental ability. A young man who wants to become a lawyer must possess argumentative ( )brain and capacity to convince others. A teacher must have ability to teach the children. He should not be guided by material interests. A doctor must be technically sound and should possess a tender heart for suffering humanity. A timid and weak person cannot succeed in business. Personal likes and dislikes play an important part in deciding ones profession. A person with poetic bend ( ) of mind will not succeed in business. Children with bold nature will be great success in independent profession like law or medicine. Parents and teacher should help the children in deciding right profession. Especially, parents can play a big part in helping their children in choosing a profession according to their childrens likening and disliking. They should not force their children to adopt a profession they like rather they should help their children in choosing a profession which they like. In this way every individual will work to his full capacity.

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Page 6

6-Patriotism
Or

Nationalism and Internationalism

Outline:
1. Introduction: meaning of patriotism. 2. Good points of patriotism. 3. Dangers of patriotism. (a) Narrow mindedness. (b) War. (c) Selfishness. (d) Sentimentality. 4. Conclusion.

Essay:
Patriotism means love for ones country. It is a noble instinct ( ). It is born with our birth and grows with our growth. Love for ones country is a natural thing. We live in it; we breathe in it; we drink its water and eat its food and we enjoy its rights. Even beasts love their homes. Traitors like Mir Jafar and Mir Sadiq are always looked down upon ( .) While those like Tipu Sultan, Sirajuddaula, Major Aziz Bhati and Quaid-e-Azam who suffer or die in a patriotic cause are ever respected by their fellow-men. Patriotism makes a man brave. It enables him to face dangers. It makes a man sacrifice pleasure and hope of gain. Surely, patriotism is desirable and the absence of it is a bad thing. But patriotism has its dark side too. It has certain dangers. First, it often makes a man narrowminded and unfair. A partite finds no fault with his country. He cannot bear criticism on his country. To a Pakistani, everything Pakistani is good. To the English, everything English is faultless. This attitude helps us to develop hater towards all the other countries. The German national song opens with this Germany over all. The Japanese place themselves at the top of the list of nations. Secondly, patriotism is there behind all wars of aggression and all form of imperialism ( .) Hitler exploited ( ) the patriotism of the German Youth and Mussolini of Italian Youth. People cut each others throat without any remorse ( )in the name of patriotism. Patriotism seems to be a justification ( ) of every kind of international crime, every kind of offence of against humanity. Thirdly, within the country itself, patriotism has its danger too. Many wicked persons turn into patriots in order to escape the consequences of their evil deeds. The selfish join the patriotic parties for their own benefits. Under the name of patriotism, they think that they are free to whatever they like. Lastly, too much of patriotic feelings are necessary to make a man idealist. He emotionally works for his goodness of his country. Such patriots often become a positive source of danger. They do not realize the importance of compromise in the affairs of men. To conclude, we may say that one may love ones country but one should try to develop an international outlook. True patriotism should never go against internationalism. To save himself from these dangers, a man must always remember he is first a human being and then a citizen of some country.
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7-The Place of Women in our Society

Outline:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Women are as important as men. The Position of women in villages and cities. The position of women in other countries. Better opportunities should be provided to women to work. Women should not forget their basic duties. Conclusion.

Essay:
Women in our society are as important as men. In fact, they both are important for the existence of a society. Though there is some improvement, yet it is a sad fact that the position of women in our society, on the whole, is not satisfactory. Most of the village women are uneducated and uncultured. They dont enjoy even some basic rights. Mostly, they depend on their husbands or other male family members for the fulfillment of their basic needs. Even they dont have a right to marry according to their will. However, now a happy change is coming in the situation of village women. Now they also are getting education and compared to past they are enjoying more freedom. Women in cities are in somewhat better position. They are getting education and are working independently. Now city women are working almost in every field of life and are supporting their families. They are enjoying more freedom compared to village women. But in poor families, even in cities, the situation is not much different from village women. Most of the women of poor families work hard in their houses and then have to support their families by doing some kind of labour. It is also a fact that women either living in cities or villages have to face the torture from their male family members, especially from their husbands. Compared to our society, in advanced countries women enjoy more respectable position. They are treated equal with men in almost every field of life. There is not much difference in the position of village and city women. They are independent and can work in every field. They even decided some important matter of international importance. We know women in our country are enjoying more freedom than ever before. They are working in every field of life and have better representation in assembly than ever before. But still they are facing the problem of gender discrimination. Hence, we should change our thinking and should provide better working conditions for them, so that they can also their role in national development. But in all this women should also not ignore their basic duties. Their first duty is to look after their family and if they can manage then they should come out and work. To conclude, it can be said that though a welcome change can be witnessed in the condition of women yet much more is needed to improve the condition of these poor creatures.

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Page 8

8-The value of press

Or

The newspaper can do a lot of good as well as harm

Outline:
1. 2. 3. 4. The newspapers have a tremendous influence in the modern world. The newspapers keep us in touch with the world. The newspapers satisfy the taste of people belonging to different fields of life. They have harms also. They can widen the gulf ( )between the different sections of society by publishing false news. 5. The management of newspapers should be in the hands of responsible people.

Essay:
The newspapers have a tremendous influence in the modern world. They are a powerful mean of spreading all sorts of news and views. There are hundreds of newspapers in the world. Some of them have wide circulation and are read by millions of people. Some are published daily and others weekly or monthly. They bring many advantages to their readers. First, the newspapers keep us in touch with the world. Without them we cannot know all the news of even our own town or village. They extend our knowledge and keep up-to-date. They bring the people of different countries close together. They contain news for almost all classes of people. Secondly, the sportsmen find in them the news of their interest. Commercial news is published for businessmen. Lovers of the Radio and the cinema can find detail of daily program. The advertisements help the advertiser in selling their goods better and quick. A man of literature can find stories and articles in them. The unemployed can see wanted column for a job. Those in search of brides can look up the matrimonial wants. Aggrieved persons can write to the editors. Thirdly, they can raise morality of their readers. They can lead a powerful revolt against all types of tyranny ( )and injustice. They can make their readers better citizens by giving them right guidance. They can create feeling of good-will between the various classes, races and nations of the world. Thus we find that they can do a lot of good. But they can do a lot of harm also: First, they are double edged weapons and cut both ways. By publishing false news, they can give wrong and false information to the people. By means of inflammatory ( ) articles, they can widen the gulf between the various races and nations of the world. By publishing all sorts of war news, they can, sometimes, make people nervous and excited. Secondly, the newspapers can disturb the peace of a country by printing articles likely to set one community to another. They sometimes, do irrevocable ( ) harm by publishing even true news of communal riots. Such news should either not be published or published after restoration of normal conditions. Some newspapers accept bribes and become mere tools in the hands of some persons. They can become a mere machine for party propaganda. To conclude, it can be said the management of newspaper should be in the hands of some sensible people who should use the newspaper for something good not for mere material benefits.

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9-Is war necessary? Outline:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Man is passing through the most delicate phase of his history. Reasons for fighting war. Is war necessary? The way to solve the problem of war. Conclusion.

Man is passing through most delicate phase of his history. Though he has made an astonishing progress in every field of life and is living a more comfortable life than his ancestors. But, despite all of his great progress he has to face many challenges in modern days life. One of such challenge is war. War and fighting has been common since time immemorial. Countries or nations fight wars for a number of reasons. Firstly, the two or more countries or nations begin a war for the sake of expansion of their territories. Secondly, wars are fought by nations to get back their countries from foreign rulers. The example of War of Independence of 1857 of Muslims of India can be given here. Thirdly, wars may be fought for religious reasons. Such wars were very common in olden times. For example many wars were fought between Christians and Muslims hundreds of years ago in Asia and Europe. Apart from these reasons there may be some other reasons also. But the question here is, is war necessary? The answer of this question is big No. Though, when we consider the causes of war, it looks as the war is the only way to settle all the matters between nations. But, that is not right. There are many other ways to settle the disputes. If all countries agree to accept the decisions of UN in their disputes war can be avoided. Apart from that being a Muslim we have a personality, whose life provides us a guiding line. We see that despite having an upper hand over Kufar of Makha, our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) got ready for Sulh-o-Hudabia. Though some of its terms were against the Muslims but the result of it can open the eyes of some of the big bosses of todays world. Our beloved Prophet showed a way to the all human beings till the Day of Judgment that how should we live a life and settle our disputes. Though He also fought some wars but when these were entrusted on him. But whenever he got chance, he adopted the way of peace and he preached this in his whole life. Hence, to conclude I may say that peace is better than war and war is not the only solution of any dispute rather it gives air to them. So if this world wants a better and prosperous future for coming generations, it should adopt the ways shown by our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) and his way definitely not suggest war.

10-The International Disturbance

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Or

The present day Muslim World

Or

Future of the Muslim World

Outline:
1. The modern world is presenting the most disturbed situation of its history. 2. After 9/11 incident, America with its allies attacked both Afghanistan and Iraq. 3. The designs of American attack are very wicked. 4. Actually, America and West are afraid of spreading of Islam in these countries. 5. The future of the Muslims is quite bright.
The modern world is presenting the most disturbed situation of its history. There is disorder and anarchy everywhere and the Muslim countries are worst sufferers. They are made a victim of barbarity and cruelty. The Muslims all over the world are backward in the fields of science and technology. They dont have sophisticated weapons to defend themselves. America with its advancement in the field of sophisticated weapons is ruling all over the world, especially the Muslim world. The rulers of the Muslim countries are not challenging its authority, just to save their governments. After 9/11 incident, America with its allies attacked both Afghanistan and Iraq. They are causing endless destruction in both the countries. Millions of people have been killed and wounded in both the countries. Still these countries are suffering in the hands of America and its allies. Everyday hundreds of people are killed. Hospitals, colleges, shopping plazas, hotels and many other important buildings are dashed to ground. Both the countries are presenting a sorrow picture of mass destruction. The designs of American attack are very wicked. Actually, it wants to crush the Muslim unity. In Afghanistan, it did not like the Islamic Movement, where as in Iraq it wanted to take control of the oil wealth. Now it is planning to attack Iran. The Muslims in occupied Kashmir are also suffering in the hands of Indian army. Situation in Palestine is also very grave. Apart from that situation in Pakistan is also disturbing. America and European countries are carrying this campaign in the name of terrorism and extremism. But, actually, America and West are afraid of spreading of Islam in these countries. Thousands of people are embracing Islam in these countries every day. The western scholars and religion thinkers are afraid of this and are running an unholy campaign against Islam and our beloved Holy Prophet. They are declaring every practicing Muslim a terrorist and fundamentalist. The future of the Muslims is quite bright. Allied forces cannot make the people of these countries their slaves. The freedom fighters of the Muslim countries are putting up great resistance against the Allied forces. They are committed to expel these forces from their countries. The sacrifices of the people of these countries will not go waste and one day they will have to leave their countries and the day is not far.

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11-The Situation of Present Muslim World and its Solutions

Outlines:
1. The modern world in presenting the most disturbed situation of its history. 2. After 9/11 incident, America attacked both Afghanistan and Iraq. 3. The designs of American attack are very wicked. 4. Actually, America and West are afraid of spreading of Islam in these countries. 5. Steps to solve the problem of the present Muslim world.
The modern world is presenting the most disturbed situation of its history. There is disorder and anarchy everywhere and the Muslim countries are worst sufferers. They are made a victim of barbarity and cruelty. The Muslims all over the world are backward in the fields of science and technology. They dont have sophisticated weapons to defend themselves. America with its advancement in the field of sophisticated weapons is ruling all over the world, especially the Muslim world. The rulers of the Muslim countries are not challenging its authority, just to save their governments. After 9/11 incident, America with its allies attacked both Afghanistan and Iraq. They are causing endless destruction in both the countries. Millions of people have been killed and wounded in both the countries. Still these countries are suffering in the hands of America and its allies. Everyday hundreds of people are killed. Hospitals, colleges, shopping plazas, hotels and many other important buildings are dashed to ground. Both the countries are presenting a sorrow picture of mass destruction. The designs of American attack are very wicked. Actually, it wants to crush the Muslim unity. In Afghanistan, it did not like the Islamic Movement, where as in Iraq it wanted to take control of the oil wealth. Now it is planning to attack Iran. The Muslims in occupied Kashmir are also suffering in the hands of Indian army. Situation in Palestine is also very grave. Apart from that situation in Pakistan is also disturbing. America and European countries are carrying this campaign in the name of terrorism and extremism. But, actually, America and West are afraid of spreading of Islam in these countries. Thousands of people are embracing Islam in these countries every day. The western scholars and religion thinkers are afraid of this and are running an unholy campaign against Islam and our beloved Holy Prophet. They are declaring every practicing Muslim a terrorist and fundamentalist. Following steps should be taken to solve the present problems of the Muslim countries. Firstly, they should unite in the religious matters and should not divide on sectarian matters. Secondly, they should make a joint army for their common defense. Thirdly, they should pay much attention towards the fields of science and technology and should develop sophisticated weapons for their joint defense. Fourthly, the Muslim countries should co-operate in the field of economics. Fifthly, they should be united in the matters of common international Muslim interests.

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12-The war on Iraq

Out line:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The US-led forces attacked Iraq in early 2003. There were some unexplained reasons to start this war. The real war started after the war. Iraqi people started guerilla war against USA occupation. Hundreds of Coalition soldiers have died since the start of this war. 6. There were many flaws in intelligence reports regarding Iraqs weapon capabilities. 7. War on Iraq should not be allowed to continue.

Essay:
The US-led forces attacked Iraq in early 2003. They were armed with most sophisticated arms. USA and UK attacked Iraq ignoring the criticism of the entire world. The reasons presented by US to attack Iraq are well known. Firstly, it said that Iraq possessed Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). Secondly, it was told that Saddam Hussain is a dictator and its government is committing cruelty on its people. Thirdly, that there was a great need to establish a democratic government in Iraq. But apart from above described reasons there were some unexplained reasons also. Actually, USA and its allies wanted to take control of vast oil wealth of Iraq. Moreover, America felt that Saddam Hussain might become a threat to Israel. Hence, it wanted to replace him with some other government which can work for the benefits of USA in the region. Being superpower, US thought that it will win the war very easily. It all happened as planned by US and its allies and no real resistance was faced by them. During the war US and its allies faced no real loss. America was happy on its win. But the real war started after the war. The Iraqi people started a guerilla war against US occupation. Everyday hundreds of Iraqi die either due to bomb explosions carried out by Iraqi freedom fighters or in search operation of Allied forces. But during all these attacks more Iraqi are dying as compared to allies soldiers. Hundreds of Coalition Forces soldiers have died since the start of this war and are still dying every day. But it seems that they are dying without any reason. The reasons explained by America to start this war have all proved wrong. No WMD have found, Saddam Hussain has been hanged and new government has been established. But Iraq is still burning. Some of the worlds largest oil fields are situated in Iraq. In the result of Iraqi war oil prices have risen, which has affected the world economy. Just recently many inquiries have found that there were many flaws in the intelligence reports regarding Iraqs weapon capabilities. This challenges the very reason of War on Iraq. In the end it can be said that War on Iraq has cost many lives and much resources. It seems that it all may be the revenge of a single man, George Bush. With this proof anyone can see that this war should not be allowed to continue.

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13-Energy crises
Or

Power crises
Outline:
1. Electricity is very important for the progress of a country. 2. Without electricity a country suffers in every field of life. 3. Electricity is produced by water, gas, oil and coal. The electricity produced by water is cheap. 4. Our demand of electricity is greater than its production. 5. We should build more dams to meet the requirements of power. 6. We must save energy by different means.

Essay:
Electricity is very important for the progress of a country. Prosperity of a country is directly linked with the supply of energy. Electricity is needed in every sector of modern life. The working of railways, hospitals, business centers and even in our houses entirely depends on electricity. Without electricity our farms and industry will stop production. But unfortunately, production of such a vital thing is insufficient in Pakistan. The production is far less than the demand. The result is that we have to do load shedding of power in the country. The load shedding of power has affected our country badly. It has disturbed our social, economic and cultural life. The industry and business of the country come to stand still during the long hours of load shedding. The hospital and medical centers suffer a lot. The business centers are plunged into darkness. In short, the whole stream of life stops. The shortage of power supply is due to following reasons; First, we produce electricity from water, oil, coal and gas. Water is the cheapest source of producing electricity. But unfortunately we have failed to build any large dam for a long time. Had it been built, the power supply should be in surplus. Apart from that water level in Tarbela and Mangla dams has become very low, which is also affecting our production of energy. Second, the electricity produced by coal, gas and oil is very costly. The electricity produced by these elements is called thermal power. The setting up of thermal power station is highly expensive for developing countries, like Pakistan. Third, electricity can be produced by nuclear energy. But, it is not easy to set up. Nuclear reactors are very costly. Moreover, we have to buy nuclear reactors from Western countries which are not ready to do so. We are suffering of shortage of electricity due to following reasons also: 1. The demand of electricity has increased many folds due to set up of new industries, new colonies and electrification of villages. 2. The use of electricity increases in summer due to increasing use of air conditioners. 3. The measures of save energy have badly failed. People use electricity as generously as possible without any care to save it. Following measures can improve the situation:
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1. The generation of electricity should be increased by building small dams. 2. Nuclear energy should be used as a major source of energy. 3. A campaign to save energy should be started on mass media. 4. All business centers should be closed after 8o clock at night. In this way we can save a lot of energy.

14-Inflation
Or

Rising of prices
Outline:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Prices of necessities of life are increasing constantly. The problem of inflation is a serious headache of every country. Inflation encourages mal-practices in trade and business. There are many factors which cause inflation. Government should adopt healthy measures to stop inflation.

Essay:
The prices of necessities of life are rising constantly. They are creating serious problems for everybody in the country. This is a universal problem. But, in developing countries, like Pakistan, it has assumed an acute form. The majority of people in our country belong to low income class. They find it hard to buy things of daily use, due to day by day rising prices. The result is that their living standard is getting low with every passing day. Inflation has an adverse effect on different sections of society. When people do not find enough means to buy the necessities of life, they are compelled to use unfair means to buy them. In this way, the society is troubled by pick-pockets, thieves and robbers etc. Those government servants who cannot make both end meets become corrupt. They use their power in wrong way and accept bribe. In this way, injustice and cruelty is promoted in society. Rising prices also affect national life in the economic field. The businessmen think of adulteration, black marketing and other methods to maximize their profits. Since the prices of goods are beyond the reach of common man the standard of living goes on decreasing gradually. There are many factors which cause rise in prices. First, the most important of these is increase in population. The population of country is increasing at rapid rate. But the economic resources are not increasing at the same rate. It results into inflation. Second, if the demand is higher than the supply, the goods will be naturally sold at higher prices. Sometimes the government imposes higher taxes on certain commodities so that their prices go up. Third, if some businessmen have monopoly in production and sale of some certain things, they raise prices as and when they desire. Such things are happening in our country routinely. To improve the situation our first duty should be to check the birth rate. We should make great efforts to promote family planning. The government should not impose much tax on the things considered necessary for human life.

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15-The role of Mass Media

Outline:
1. The mass media mean the sources of information and entertainment which are available to public. 2. There are of two kinds; print media and electronic media. 3. Both the media have great influence on the lives of the people. 4. The electronic media exercise more influence as compared to print media. 5. They provide us information and knowledge. 6. The build public opinion about politics, religion and culture. 7. They can create negative impact on our character also.

Essay:
The mass media mean the sources of information and entertainment which are available to public. These media play an important role in building public opinion in a democratic country. They are of two kinds; print media and electronic media. Print media include newspaper, books and magazines. In electronic media radio, television and internet are included. Media are a great source of information and entertainment to all types of people. Nobody can deny their influence and importance. If media stop providing information to people the entire world would become a victim of darkness and ignorance. They control our minds and we believe whatever they propagate. The electronic media have affected the minds of the people in a very forceful manner. The radio, television and internet provide entertainment in the form of music, dramas and films. Apart from that they provide us religious and cultural programs also. It can also provide us information about the latest happenings in the world. The mass media provide us information and knowledge. They have played an important role in building public opinion about politics, religion and culture. People form their opinion about politics, religion and business under the influence of mass media. Now even a layman has his own opinion about the performance of rulers. He can easily decide to whom he should vote. The mass media educate a domestic woman about cooking, medicine and child care. Children can also enjoy programs of their own liking. They build their knowledge at a very early stage. In this modern age, a free mass media is very important. But they are double edged weapons. Hence, mass media should also show some sense they should not provide false news and information to people. They should avoid giving such program that can wide the gulf between people. They should be very careful while providing news about some communal riots. As such a kind of news can create some serious troubles in the country. Moreover, they should not become

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16-The role of mass media

Or

The mass media can do a lot of good as well as harm

Outline:
1. The mass media mean the sources of information and entertainment which are available to public. 2. The mass media keep us in touch with the world. 3. The mass media satisfy the taste of people belonging to different fields of life. 4. They have harms also. 5. The management of mass media should be in the hands of responsible people.

Essay:
The mass media mean the sources of information and entertainment which are available to public. These media play an important role in building public opinion in a democratic country. They are of two kinds; print media and electronic media. They bring many advantages to their users. First, they keep in touch with the world. Without them we cannot know all the news of even our own town or village. They extend our knowledge and keep up-to-date. They bring the people of different countries close together. Secondly, they contain information and program for almost all the classes of the people. The sportsmen can watch or listen programs of sports. The lovers of films can watch films of their liking. Even women and children can also watch programs of their choice. Commercial news are given for businessmen. The advertisements help the advertiser in selling their goods better and quick. A man of literature can also satisfy his taste. Even now matrimonial programs are telecasted on TV. Thirdly, they can raise mortality of their users. They can lead a powerful revolt against all types of tyranny and injustice. They can make people better citizens by giving them right guidance. They can create feelings of goodness among people of different classes of countries. Thus we find that they can do a lot of good. But they can do a lot of harm also. They are double edged weapons. Hence, mass media should also show some sense they should not provide false news and information to people. They should avoid giving such program that can wide the gulf between people. They should be very careful while providing news about some communal riots. As such a kind of news can create some serious troubles in the country. Moreover, they should not become a mere tool in the hands of some persons. To conclude, it can be said the management of mass media should be in the hands of some sensible people who should use the news paper for something good not for mere material benefits.

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17-Security measures in and around college

After independence, we are passing through the most delicate phase of our history. Wave of terrorism is engulfing every nock and corner of our country. No place is safe from the horrible clutches of terrorism. Even the sacred places like mosques, imam bargahas and shrines of holy persons are at the hit list of terrorists. According to the canons of war, civilians and educational institutions should not be attacked. But, it is strange sort of battle that only these places are attacked by the terrorists. Educational institutes like school, colleges and universities are under severe threat of terrorism and strong safety measures are needed to save them. First of all boundary walls of colleges should be made higher than usual and then a barb wire should be stretched all over it so that no one can enter in the main building of college. The boundary walls of colleges should be made solid enough so that it can bear a terrorist attack in the shape of a hand grenade or undertaken in the form of hitting a vehicle full of explosive material. A further step can also be taken in this regard in the form of construction of main college buildings away from the boundary walls. This will save human causalities in the case of terrorist attack from outside. Furthermore, a specific area around the college building should be prohibited for public vehicles, especially in the opening and closing hours of the college. If possible, rather, a specific area around college boundary wall should be guarded with special concrete structures and every vehicle should be made to park well away from the main college building. Parking place should be made at some distance from the college building and even students should be asked to reach the main building on foot. Well trained security guards with sophisticated material should be hired for college security. These guards should made security check posts at more than one places on the college entrance and around college boundary wall also. First security check post should be made outside the parking place to check all those who want to enter the college. Then a further check post should be made at the main entrance or at the college gate. It should be made compulsory for every college student to wear his college identity card. But, it is up to college administration that college cards should be issued with great care so that no outsider can obtain it easily. Security guards should check these identity cards at the main gate and only students with these cards should be allowed to enter. No person without ID card should be allowed to enter college. Even college staff should be issued specific identity cards and makes it compulsory for them to wear them. Another good step in this regard is installation of security cameras inside the college building and around the college wall. Cc TV cameras should be installed to keep watch on the activities of some alien persons around the college. This will definitely help in improving the security. Girls guide can also play an important role in security measures. They can work in collaboration with security guards. Another step that can enhance security is providing marshal art training to the students. It should be made compulsory for every student to take part in such healthful activities, which will make them to face the terrorist attack even on their own. It will not only make them physically strong, but will also increase their mental abilities to face the crises.
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To conclude, we may say that in these critical conditions strict security measures are needed to save our future generation from the malign designs of our enemy forces. More and more measures should be adopted to give them an atmosphere in which they can blossom their abilities. But, it is also a fact that these security measures are not the all thing. Our politicians should show sense and put behind their own interests in favour of national interests. The above said measures are not permanent solution but a peaceful society is. But, how this peace can be achieved? That is a question that needs an answer from all of us, but, especially from our Government and politicians.

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