Geoprobe: Spectra Testers

Spectra Testers
G e o P r o b e
t r u s e r a i n i n g
V 4.5 Rev.B 03 28 2000
Copyright 1999 Inet Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. No portion of this document may be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine form without prior consent in writing from Inet Technologies, Inc. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Inet Technologies, Inc. Inet, the Inet logo, GeoProbe, and OpenSeven are registered trademarks of Inet Technologies, Inc. The GeoProbe monitoring system is an Inet Technologies, Inc. patented technology. Dynamic Service Management and the IT:seven system applications, GeoCare, GeoConnect and GeoBill, are trademarks of Inet Technologies, Inc. All other product names mentioned or logos shown in this document are the trademarks of their respective owners. Inet Technologies, Inc. 1255 W. 15th Street, Suite 600 Plano, Texas 75075-7270 USA 800-969-INET (voice) 972-578-6100 (voice) www.inet.com (URL) inetdocfeedback@inet.com (Technical Publications e-mail) info@inet.com (Marketing e-mail) Customer Support Services Plano, Texas USA serves North America, South America, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific Rim. 972-578-6181 (Technical Support voice) 972-578-5864 (fax) geoservice@inet.com (Technical Support USA e-mail) Customer Support Services London, England UK serves Europe, Middle East, and Africa. +44-1293-441020 (Technical Support voice) +44-1293-441031 (fax) geoservice.uk@inet.com (Technical Support UK e-mail) Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information
The products and specifications, configurations, and other technical information regarding the services described or referenced in this guide are subject to change without notice. All statements, technical information, and recommendations contained in this guide are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented as is without warranty of any kind, express or implied. Users must take full responsibility for their application of any products specified in this document. Inet Technologies, Inc. makes no implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a purpose as a result of this guide or the information described or referenced within, and all other warranties, express or implied, are excluded.
Table of Contents
List of Figures .............................................................................................................. vii
List of Tables ................................................................................................................xiii
List of Figures ................................................................................................................ v
List of Tables ................................................................................................................. ix
3 Introduction to the GeoProbe User Course........................................................................................................................1 - 1 The GeoProbe User Course ................................................................................1 - 2 Prerequisites ............................................................................................1 - 2 GeoProbe User Functions ...................................................................................1 - 3 Topics.......................................................................................................1 - 3 The GeoProbe User Course Training Manual .....................................................1 - 6 Student Labs ............................................................................................1 - 7
Introduction to the GeoProbe ..................................................................................2 - 1 The GeoProbe System ........................................................................................2 - 2 Elements of the GeoProbe System......................................................................2 - 4 GeoProbe Applications ......................................................................................2 - 10 Performance Monitoring Applications.....................................................2 - 12 Network Surveillance Applications .........................................................2 - 15 Data Collection and Forwarding Applications.........................................2 - 16 Chapter 2 Review: Introduction to the GeoProbe ..............................................2 - 19
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GeoProbe User_V.4.5 RevA
GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)
Starting the SpIstation ............................................................................................. 3 - 1 List of Labs .......................................................................................................... 3 - 2 Introducing the SpIstation.................................................................................... 3 - 3 SpIstation Hardware............................................................................................ 3 - 4 System Unit ............................................................................................. 3 - 4 Monitor ..................................................................................................... 3 - 5 Keyboard and Mouse............................................................................... 3 - 5 SpIstation Operating Environment ...................................................................... 3 - 6 The CDE Workspace ............................................................................. 3 - 10 Mouse and Keyboard............................................................................. 3 - 11 Solaris and Desktop Online Help ........................................................... 3 - 15 SpIstation GeoProbe User Interface ................................................................. 3 - 17 SpImain Window .................................................................................... 3 - 20 Working in the SpIstation Interface ................................................................... 3 - 27 SpIstation Print Feature..................................................................................... 3 - 40 Online Manuals ................................................................................................. 3 - 42 Chapter 3 Review: Starting the SpIstation ........................................................ 3 - 46
GeoProbe Database Overview ................................................................................ 4 - 1 The System Administration Mode ....................................................................... 4 - 2 System Administration Window ............................................................... 4 - 2 User Account Information Window........................................................... 4 - 6 License Manager ..................................................................................... 4 - 8 Network Configuration Mode............................................................................... 4 - 9 Chapter 4 Review: GeoProbe Database Overview ........................................... 4 - 11
7
ii
Network Status and

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5) Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information
Performance Monitoring....................................................................................................5 - 1 Network Status Mode Introduction.......................................................................5 - 2 List of Labs...........................................................................................................5 - 3 Network Performance Monitoring Applications ....................................................5 - 4 Network Status Mode...........................................................................................5 - 6 Map Selection Window.............................................................................5 - 7 Open Map Window.................................................................................5 - 16 Network Status Map Views ....................................................................5 - 25 View Editor Window ...............................................................................5 - 27 Network State Display........................................................................................5 - 33 Network State Display Windows ............................................................5 - 34 Alarm Display.....................................................................................................5 - 45 Network Status Map Alarm Display ........................................................5 - 46 Alarm Logs .............................................................................................5 - 48 Alarm Log Windows ...............................................................................5 - 49 Alarm Log View Options.........................................................................5 - 50 Expanded Alarm.....................................................................................5 - 53 Bulls-eye Alarm Display.........................................................................5 - 60 Chapter 5 Summary: Network Status and Performance Monitoring ..................5 - 65 Icon and Menu Descriptions...................................................................5 - 65 Procedural Flow Charts..........................................................................5 - 69 Chapter 5 Review: Network Status and Performance Monitoring......................5 - 72
8 Network Performance Statistics and Reports ........................................................................................................................6 - 1 Statistics and Reporting Applications...................................................................6 - 2 List of Labs...........................................................................................................6 - 3
iii
Real-Time Statistics ............................................................................................ 6 - 4 Real-Time Statistics Setup Window .................................................................... 6 - 5 Real-Time Stats Graph Windows ........................................................................ 6 - 9 Behavioral Statistics .......................................................................................... 6 - 30 Historical Statistics Reports............................................................................... 6 - 39 Chapter 6 Summary: Network Performance Statistics and Reports ................. 6 - 55 Icon and Menu Descriptions .................................................................. 6 - 55 Procedural Flow Charts ......................................................................... 6 - 57 Chapter 6 Review: Network Performance Statistics and Reports ..................... 6 - 60
Network Surveillance Applications......................................................................... 7 - 1 Network Surveillance Applications Introduction .................................................. 7 - 2 List of Labs .......................................................................................................... 7 - 3 Remote Monitoring Package ............................................................................... 7 - 4 User Call Trace ................................................................................................. 7 - 37 SUDStore and Failed Call/Transaction ............................................................. 7 - 57 Mass Call Onset Package ................................................................................. 7 - 82 Chapter 7 Summary: Network Surveillance Applications .................................. 7 - 89 Chapter 7 Review: Network Surveillance Applications...................................... 7 - 95 Index............................................................................................................. Index - 1
Glossary .................................................................................................................... G - 1
Index.................................................................................................................... Index - 1
iv

List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 Tejas_2 Network .....................................................................................................1 - 6 GeoProbe Network Map Display.............................................................................2 - 3 GeoProbe Elements within an SS7 Network...........................................................2 - 4 SpIprobe Equipment Shelf ......................................................................................2 - 5 SpIprobe Monitored Links at an STP ......................................................................2 - 6 A Sun SPARCserver 1000 as a SpIserver..............................................................2 - 7 SpIstation ................................................................................................................2 - 8 Elements in a Monitored SS7 Network ...................................................................2 - 9 GeoProbe SpIstation...............................................................................................3 - 3 Sun Workstation......................................................................................................3 - 4 CDE Login Window .................................................................................................3 - 7 CDE Login Help Window.........................................................................................3 - 8 CDE Desktop ..........................................................................................................3 - 9 Workstation Mouse Buttons ..................................................................................3 - 11 Workspace Menu ..................................................................................................3 - 13 CDE Desktop Toolbar ...........................................................................................3 - 15 Login Warning Window .........................................................................................3 - 18 SpIstation Login Window.......................................................................................3 - 19 SpImain Window ...................................................................................................3 - 19 SpImain Window ...................................................................................................3 - 20 Network Status Window ........................................................................................3 - 29 SSP Actions Menu ................................................................................................3 - 31 SSP More Info Window .........................................................................................3 - 31 Real-Time Statistics Submenus ............................................................................3 - 32 Real Time Statistics Setup Window ......................................................................3 - 33 Stats Package Option menu .................................................................................3 - 33 Real Time Statistics Setup Window ......................................................................3 - 35 Links Displayed in a Drop Box ..............................................................................3 - 38 Links Action Menu.................................................................................................3 - 38 Stats Object Pop-up Menu ....................................................................................3 - 39 Real-Time Statistics Print Window ........................................................................3 - 40 Administration Window............................................................................................4 - 2 Profile Information Window .....................................................................................4 - 4 SpImain Window with Limited Access.....................................................................4 - 4 User Account Information........................................................................................4 - 6 Kill License Dialog Box............................................................................................4 - 8 Tejas_2 Configuration Window ...............................................................................4 - 9 Network Status Window ..........................................................................................5 - 6 Network Status Map Selection Window ..................................................................5 - 7 Available Map List .................................................................................................5 - 10 Desktop With Two Map Windows Open................................................................5 - 11 Open Map Window with Default Map on Top........................................................5 - 12 Two Tejas Maps, Default Map Windows..............................................................5 - 13 Options Menu Unselected Map Buttons................................................................5 - 13 Map Selection Window with Map Names Only .....................................................5 - 14 Horizontal Map Selection Window ........................................................................5 - 15 Tejas Network Map ..............................................................................................5 - 16

List of Figures
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure
vi
5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 5.38 5.39 5.40 5.41 5.42 5.43 5.44 5.45 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 -
Tejas With Nodes Selected ................................................................................. 5 - 21 SSP More Information Window ............................................................................ 5 - 22 SpIprobe More Information Window ..................................................................... 5 - 23 Tejas Map with View............................................................................................ 5 - 26 View Editor Window.............................................................................................. 5 - 27 View Editor Window.............................................................................................. 5 - 30 SS7 Status Display Setup Window....................................................................... 5 - 34 Network Status Display Setup Window ................................................................ 5 - 35 Tejas Link Status Display .................................................................................... 5 - 36 Route Status for El Paso SSP .............................................................................. 5 - 37 Subsystem Status for Amarillo STP...................................................................... 5 - 38 Link Status Window .............................................................................................. 5 - 39 Linkset List Window .............................................................................................. 5 - 39 Route Status Display Window .............................................................................. 5 - 41 Node List Window................................................................................................. 5 - 42 Subsystem Status Display window ....................................................................... 5 - 43 Node List Window................................................................................................. 5 - 44 Global Alarm Log .................................................................................................. 5 - 49 Alarm Log View Options ....................................................................................... 5 - 51 Expanded Alarm Window ..................................................................................... 5 - 53 Global Alarm Log Window .................................................................................... 5 - 55 Map Alarm Log ..................................................................................................... 5 - 56 Network Element Alarm Log ................................................................................. 5 - 56 View Options Window........................................................................................... 5 - 57 Expanded Alarm Window ..................................................................................... 5 - 58 Alarm Comment Window ...................................................................................... 5 - 58 Bulls-eye Window ................................................................................................ 5 - 60 Links Segment Window ........................................................................................ 5 - 61 Network Segment Window ................................................................................... 5 - 62 Mass Calls Segment Window ............................................................................... 5 - 62 Services Segment Window................................................................................... 5 - 62 Calls Segment Window ........................................................................................ 5 - 62 Bulls-eye Window in Alarm .................................................................................. 5 - 63 Links and Linksets Segments in Alarm................................................................. 5 - 63 Bulls-eye Segment Alarm Log ............................................................................. 5 - 64 Real-Time Statistics Setup Window........................................................................ 6 - 5 Real- Time Stats Graph Window - Plot Graph........................................................ 6 - 9 Real -Time Stats Graph Window - Peg Counts .................................................... 6 - 10 Real -Time Stats Graph Window - Bar Graph ...................................................... 6 - 10 Plot Graph Resources Window ............................................................................ 6 - 13 Real -Time Statistics Setup Window..................................................................... 6 - 14 Real -Time Statistics Setup for Tejas .................................................................. 6 - 16 Item Action Menu.................................................................................................. 6 - 16 Stats Object Item Menu ........................................................................................ 6 - 17 Real-Time Stats Graph Window -Plot Graph........................................................ 6 - 18 Stats Plot Graph Resources Window ................................................................... 6 - 18 Save Stats Data File ............................................................................................. 6 - 20 Real-Time Statistics Peg Count............................................................................ 6 - 21 Bar Graph Statistics Window ................................................................................ 6 - 22 Stats Bar Graph Resources Window .................................................................... 6 - 22 Sample Bar Graph ................................................................................................ 6 - 23
Inet Technologies, Inc.. Proprietary Information
List of Figures
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure
6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 6.35 6.36 6.37 6.38 6.39 6.40 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 -
Real-Time Stats Setup Window for Tejas ............................................................6 - 26 Save Stats Config Files Window ...........................................................................6 - 27 Open Stats Config File Window ............................................................................6 - 28 Real-Time Stats Setup Window ............................................................................6 - 28 Open Graph Data Files Window ...........................................................................6 - 29 Saved Plot Graph Window ....................................................................................6 - 29 Behavioral Statistics Configuration .......................................................................6 - 30 Behavioral Statistics Configuration <StatsType> Window ....................................6 - 31 Behavioral Statistics Status Window.....................................................................6 - 33 Behavioral Statistics Configuration .......................................................................6 - 36 Behavioral Statistics Configuration <StatsType> Window ....................................6 - 37 Behavioral Statistics Status Window.....................................................................6 - 37 Formatted Report from Business Objects .............................................................6 - 40 BusinessObjects Entry Point Window ...............................................................6 - 42 Select Universe To Open Window ........................................................................6 - 43 The Universe Window ...........................................................................................6 - 44 Select Query to Import ..........................................................................................6 - 45 Table of Contents Report for Core SS7 Statistics.................................................6 - 47 Query Variables Dialog Box ..................................................................................6 - 48 List of Values Dialog Box for Links........................................................................6 - 49 Execute Query Window.........................................................................................6 - 49 CORE7_02 Report in ASCII Format .....................................................................6 - 50 Document Menu....................................................................................................6 - 50 CORE7_02 Formatted Report...............................................................................6 - 51 ReMON Configuration Window ...............................................................................7 - 5 ReMON Capture Window........................................................................................7 - 6 ReMON Configuration Window ...............................................................................7 - 8 Global Linkset List Window .....................................................................................7 - 9 ReMON Window ...................................................................................................7 - 10 ReMON Window ...................................................................................................7 - 11 Filter Preferences Window ....................................................................................7 - 14 Level2 Tab ............................................................................................................7 - 15 SCCP Tab .............................................................................................................7 - 16 MAP Op Codes Parameter Window......................................................................7 - 17 MTP Tab ...............................................................................................................7 - 18 SNM Message Types to Block/Pass .....................................................................7 - 19 CICs Tab ...............................................................................................................7 - 20 Miscellaneous Preferences ...................................................................................7 - 21 Columns Preferences Window..............................................................................7 - 23 Capture Remote File Aging...................................................................................7 - 24 Miscellaneous Preferences ...................................................................................7 - 25 Columns Preferences Window..............................................................................7 - 26 MessageReMON Expanded View .....................................................................7 - 27 Level 2 Search Parameter Tab .............................................................................7 - 28 MTP Search Parameters Tab ...............................................................................7 - 29 Level 2 View Parameter Tab.................................................................................7 - 30 MTP View Parameter Tab.....................................................................................7 - 31 Tag Messages.......................................................................................................7 - 32 Search Tagged Messages ....................................................................................7 - 32 View Tagged Messages........................................................................................7 - 33 View All Messages ................................................................................................7 - 33
GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5) vii

List of Figures
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure
7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52 7.53 7.54 7.55 7.56 7.57 7.58 7.59 7.60 7.61 7.62 7.63 7.64 7.65 7.66 7.67 7.68 7.69 7.70 7.71 -
Zap and Unzap Messages.................................................................................... 7 - 33 Level 2 Filter Preferences Tab ............................................................................. 7 - 34 MTP Filter Preferences Window ........................................................................... 7 - 35 Filter Button .......................................................................................................... 7 - 36 Start Button........................................................................................................... 7 - 36 Call Trace Types .................................................................................................. 7 - 38 Call Trace Configuration Window ......................................................................... 7 - 39 Applications Configure Window ............................................................................ 7 - 41 Real-Time Call Trace Window .............................................................................. 7 - 42 Call Trace Fields Window ..................................................................................... 7 - 44 View/Search Configuration Window ..................................................................... 7 - 46 User Call Trace Application Configuration Window .............................................. 7 - 47 Expanded Call Trace Window .............................................................................. 7 - 49 Expanded Call Trace Record ............................................................................... 7 - 50 Call Trace Types Window..................................................................................... 7 - 51 Call Trace Configuration Window ......................................................................... 7 - 52 Pointcode Definition List ....................................................................................... 7 - 53 Call Trace Window ............................................................................................... 7 - 54 Compressed Signal Unit Window ......................................................................... 7 - 55 Expanded Message Window ................................................................................ 7 - 56 sudsMain Window ................................................................................................ 7 - 58 SUDS and Failed Call Recall Types Window ....................................................... 7 - 60 Recall Configuration Window ............................................................................... 7 - 61 SUDS Application Configuration Window ............................................................. 7 - 63 Failed Calls Recall ................................................................................................ 7 - 64 SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Fields Window............................................................. 7 - 67 View/Search Configuration Window ..................................................................... 7 - 69 SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Application Configuration Window .............................. 7 - 71 Expanded SUDS/Failed Calls Record Window .................................................... 7 - 72 Expanded Message Window ................................................................................ 7 - 73 Recall Types Window ........................................................................................... 7 - 74 Recall Configuration Window ............................................................................... 7 - 75 Pointcode Definition List ....................................................................................... 7 - 76 SUDS Recall Configuration Window..................................................................... 7 - 77 Recall Window - Displaying Calls ......................................................................... 7 - 78 SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Signal Unit Window..................................................... 7 - 79 Expanded SUDS/Failed Call Recall Message Window ........................................ 7 - 80 Recall Fields Window ........................................................................................... 7 - 81 Mass Call Configurations Window ........................................................................ 7 - 83 Mass Call Configuration Window.......................................................................... 7 - 84 Mass Call Prefix Window ...................................................................................... 7 - 85 Mass Call Status Window ..................................................................................... 7 - 86 Mass Call Configurations Window ........................................................................ 7 - 87 Mass Call Status Window ..................................................................................... 7 - 88
viii
Inet Technologies, Inc.. Proprietary Information

List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Table 3.1 Table 5.1 Table 5.2 Table 5.3 Table 5.4 Table 5.5 Table 6.1Table 6.2 Table 7.1 Table 7.2 Table 7.3 Available Application Packages ..................................................................... 2 - 10 Cursors .......................................................................................................... 3 - 12 Link Alarm Color Example.............................................................................. 5 - 46 Operator Definitions for Sample Alarm Log ................................................... 5 - 52 Editors Menu .................................................................................................. 5 - 66 Alarms Menu .................................................................................................. 5 - 67 Action Menu ................................................................................................... 5 - 68 Data Mode Calculations ................................................................................... 6 - 7 Statistics Menu............................................................................................... 6 - 56 SU Color Schemes ........................................................................................ 7 - 22 Call Records Default Colors........................................................................... 7 - 48 Surveillance Menu.......................................................................................... 7 - 90

ix
List of Tables

Introduction to the GeoProbe User Course

This chapter provides an overview of the GeoProbe User Course.
Objectives
Provide an overview of the GeoProbe User Course Provide an overview of the functions performed by GeoProbe Users Provide an overview of the GeoProbe User Course Training Manual

GeoProbe User_V.4.5 RevB
1-1
1
The GeoProbe User Course

The GeoProbe User Course is designed to teach students how to use the GeoProbe for Network Performance Monitoring and Surveillance. Students are familiarized with the SpIstation user interface, and how to work with applications and tools that can be used for determining network status, viewing network performance information, and for identifying possible network faults.
Prerequisites
The following Prerequisites apply to this course: A working knowledge of Telecommunications A working knowledge of the SS7 protocol Familiarity with Window-driven systems The GeoProbe User Course is a prerequisite for all other GeoProbe courses. This course is recommended for Operations Personnel who are responsible for monitoring networks, and for personnel who are required to troubleshoot and isolate network faults.
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GeoProbe User Functions

Most Network Performance Monitoring and Surveillance tasks are accomplished from the Network Status Mode. Applications are generally accessed from a SpImain icon, but certain options may also be available in the Network Status Mode.
Topics
Following is a list of the chapters and tasks taught in this course. These are tasks that might commonly be performed by GeoProbe users. Chapter 2: Introduction to the GeoProbe The GeoProbe System GeoProbe Elements SpIprobe SpIserver SpIstation Transport Network
GeoProbe Applications Network Performance Monitoring Applications Network Surveillance Applications Data Collection and Forwarding Applications Development Tools
Chapter 3: Starting the SpIstation SpIstation Hardware SpIstation Operating Environment SpIstation GeoProbe User Interface
SpImain Window
GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5) 1-3
1
Working in the SpIstation Interface SpIstation Help
Chapter 4: GeoProbe Database Overview System Administration Mode User Accounts
Network Configuration Mode Pre-configured Network Maps
Chapter 5: Network Status and Performance Monitoring Network Status Mode Map Selection Window Open Map Window Network Status Map Views
Network State Display Link Status Display Route Status Display Subsystem Status Display
Alarm Display Network Status Map Alarm Display Bulls-eye Alarm Display
Chapter 6: Network Performance Statistics and Reports Real-time Statistics Behavioral Statistics Status Historical Reports Generation Chapter 7: Network Surveillance Applications ReMON (Remote Monitoring) Real Time User Call Trace
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SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Mass Call Status Configuration of the GeoProbe Database and critical applications are discussed in the GeoProbe Administrator Course. UNIX-related configuration functions are discussed in the GeoProbe Manager Course.

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The GeoProbe User Course Training Manual

This manual explains the features and functions required to perform network monitoring and surveillance tasks. The training manual is based on Inets GeoProbe training network, a fictitious network named Tejas. The Texas theme is used throughout the documentation for student exercises (called labs). The Texas state map is used as the geographical background for the Tejas network, and the DallasFort Worth map is used for the background in detailed maps. SS7 nodes and GeoProbe elements are located in various cities around Texas.
Figure 1.1 - Tejas_2 Network
1-6

1
Student Labs
Each chapter includes hands-on labs. Since all students are concurrently writing to the same GeoProbe database, it is necessary to use different names when performing configuration. Each workstation is assigned a unique number. Wherever a # is included as part of a task or lab, it indicates the workstation number should be used in place of the #. This appears in labs as <#>, such as <#alarm>. If this was for workstation 2, the actual name would be <2alarm>, replacing the # with a 2. It is critical to use this number to avoid conflicts in recalling data or writing to the database. In a real-time environment, multiple people would not be configuring the same portions of the database at the same time. For training at a customer location, certain labs may be skipped, as they could have an adverse effect on the live GeoProbe database. This manual is intended for training purposes only. Your GeoProbe system comes with a SpIstation User Guide and a SpIstation Application Guide that contains detailed information on all SpIstation features.

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1-8

Introduction to the GeoProbe

This chapter provides an overview of the GeoProbe System, the hardware and software elements that make up the GeoProbe System, and available GeoProbe Applications.
Objectives
Provide an overview of the GeoProbe System Describe the elements that make up the GeoProbe System Provide an overview of available GeoProbe Applications

2-1
2
The GeoProbe System

The GeoProbe System is a UNIX-based surveillance, network configuration, and system administration tool for monitoring SS7 networks. The GeoProbe monitors every call in an SS7 network and gathers network data. This platform is ideal for customized billing schemes, fraud management, generation of call detail records, marketing, and other high-level management applications. The GeoProbe monitors SS7 performance via SpIprobes. These monitoring platforms collect data from nodes and linksets and deliver this information to the SpIstation where the user can display and evaluate it with intuitive point-and-click commands and menu options. Problems in the network trigger alarms that are displayed through flashing and color change, based on the severity of the alarm. A few clicks of the mouse display details about the alarm, and a few more clicks provide access to network data. This interface allows network-wide surveillance and troubleshooting from a central facility. The monitoring and surveillance functions of the GeoProbe System are available at the SpIstation through an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI can be based on geographical maps of the SS7 network. Users click on icons representing network elements to configure the system or retrieve information.
2-2

2
In Figure 2.1, icons represent SCPs, SSPs, STPs, linksets, and SpIprobes on a map of the network. Users can view network maps at any defined level of detail (national, regional, local, etc.)
Figure 2.1 - GeoProbe Network Map Display

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2
Elements of the GeoProbe System

The GeoProbe network elements can include SpIprobes, SpIservers, SpIstations, and the Transport Network. Figure 2.2 provides a view of the relationship between the GeoProbe elements within an SS7 network.
SpIstation n+1 SpIstation n
SpIserver
Transport Network
SSP
SpIstation n+2 SpIprobe
SpIprobe
STP SSP STP
STP
Redundant SpIserver
STP
SCP
SpIprobe
SpIprobe
Figure 2.2 - GeoProbe Elements within an SS7 Network
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2
SpIprobe The SpIprobe is a UNIX-based SS7 data acquisition and processing platform. It is contained within one or more shelves in an equipment rack, and includes printed wiring assemblies and storage devices. Figure 2.3 shows a photo of a SpIprobe equipment shelf holding the SpIprobe Printed Wiring Assemblies (PWAs).
Figure 2.3 - SpIprobe Equipment Shelf

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2
The SpIprobe can process data for a maximum of 256 links @ 1 Erlang per link, or can be deployed with additional SpIprobes daisy-chained together to support a maximum of 1024 links @ reduced Erlangs per link. Because of its ability to process a large number of links, SpIprobes are usually deployed at STP sites and can process data for links connected to the STP. Figure 2.4 shows SpIprobes monitoring links at STP sites.
Figure 2.4 - SpIprobe Monitored Links at an STP
The SpIprobe includes processing for various GeoProbe applications, such as ReMon, Mass Call, and Billing. The SpIprobes perform most of the SS7 data collection and processing for the GeoProbe system.
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SpIserver The SpIserver provides centralized storage and management of the entire GeoProbe system. The SpIserver requests and stores network data collected by the SpIprobes in the form of statistics, alarms, and reports. This data is distributed to appropriate users at SpIstations or to external systems. The GeoProbe configuration database is stored at the SpIserver. The SpIserver also allocates resources to users for various applications, such as ReMon or User Call Trace. Only one SpIserver is required for the entire GeoProbe network, but systems can have multiple and/or redundant SpIservers. Figure 2.5 shows a typical SpIserver (the Sun SPARCserver 1000).
Figure 2.5 - A Sun SPARCserver 1000 as a SpIserver

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SpIstation The SpIstation provides the user interface for the GeoProbe system. Configuration and display of GeoProbe maps, alarms, statistics, user accounts, reports, and other applications are accomplished at the SpIstation using its features and functions. Figure 2.6 shows a typical SpIstation with a monitored SS7 network displayed.
Figure 2.6 - SpIstation
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2
Transport Network The Transport Network connects the SpIprobes, SpIserver, SpIstations, and external systems via TCP/IP over X.25 or Ethernet. The SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used for communications between the SpIprobes and the SpIserver. Getting Monitored Data to the SpIstation All GeoProbe configuration is done at the SpIstation. The System Administrator defines the network data the monitoring equipment is to collect. This is done by configuring the GeoProbe network maps, and by defining alarms, statistics, and other application requirements from the SpIstation. This information is then downloaded to the SpIprobes. SpIprobes collect network data as required. This data is then sent to the SpIserver. Based on alarm profiles, user profiles, and other configuration information, the SpIserver stores the data or distributes it to the SpIstations in the form of alarms and statistics as shown in Figure 2.7.
Transport Network
SpIstation
1
SpIstation defines requirements and downloads information to Monitoring Equipment
4
SpIserver collects data and distributes back to SpIstation
2
Monitoring Equipment collects data
SpIserver
Monitoring Equipment sends data to SpIserver
Monitoring Equipment SpIProbe
Figure 2.7 - Elements in a Monitored SS7 Network

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GeoProbe Applications
Specific application packages provide GeoProbe data collection and analysis. These packages are modular, with different combinations of applications available to suit different needs. New packages can be added as needs change. The GeoProbe integrates these modular application packages to perform data collection, monitoring, surveillance, fault detection, and other functions. The Core SS7 Performance Monitoring is the foundation for all other applications and is included in all GeoProbe systems. Table 2.1 includes a list of applications and protocols supported by the system. A description of each application package follows this table.
Table 2.1 - Available Application Packages Application Performance Monitoring Core SS7 Performance Monitoring MTP Surveillance and Performance Monitoring SCCP Performance Monitoring ISUP/TUP Performance Monitoring UK National User Part (NUP) Performance Monitoring TCAP Performance Monitoring INAP Performance Monitoring GSM MAP Performance Monitoring IS-41C Performance Monitoring ANSI 800 Performance Monitoring LIDB Performance Monitoring AIN (Advanced Intelligent Network) Performance Monitoring Country code Local Number Portability
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Table 2.1 - Available Application Packages Network Surveillance ReMon (Remote Monitoring) User Call Trace Mass Call On-Set Detection Signal Unit Disk Storage (SUDSTORE) Store and Recall Failed Calls Billing and Fraud Management Usage Measurement MSU Forwarding Call Detail Record (CDR) Generation Fraud Management Development Tools OpenSeven Application Programming Interface - Extension OpenSeven Application Programming Interface - Interpreter Protocols MTP (ANSI, ITU) SCCP (ANSI, ITU) TCAP (ANSI, ITU) ISUP (ANSI, ITU) TUP (ITU) INAP (ITU) IS41 (ANSI) GSM MAP (ITU) GSM A-Interface PCS Map LNP CCSB CLASS

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Table 2.1 - Available Application Packages National Variants
Performance Monitoring Applications

The GeoProbe collects network statistics and performance data using the Performance Monitoring Applications. These Packages are described in the following section. Core SS7 Performance Monitoring Application The Core SS7 Performance Monitoring Application provides the GeoProbes core SS7 link monitoring functions. All other GeoProbe applications are built on this foundation, which includes: SS7 link monitoring SS7 link level alarms SS7 level 2 statistics Signal unit filtering and decoding SS7 network configuration Alarm accumulation and distribution Graphical network status display MTP Performance Monitoring Package The MTP Performance Monitoring Package provides MTP layer alarms, MTP layer statistics, and MTP Performance data for network performance analysis and network planning. It includes: Route and linkset level alarms
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User part/MSU type distribution statistics Point code distribution statistics SS7 network performance learning STP transit delay statistics Congestion onset prediction SS7 protocol checking (message sequencing) Network isolation alarms Real-time SNM message analysis for all links in the network Real-time SS7 load distribution analysis for all links SCCP Performance Monitoring Application The SCCP Performance Monitoring Application provides SCCP layer alarms and statistics on both connectionless and connection-oriented SCCP messages, including routing and Global Title Translation. Typical statistics are: SSN availability Called/calling party address distribution SCCP connection-oriented control (connection request, connection confirm, etc.) SCCP connection-oriented data (Data 1 messages) ISUP/TUP/NUP Performance Monitoring Applications The ISUP/TUP/NUP Performance Monitoring Applications track all ISUP/TUP/NUP calls at SpIprobes monitoring STPs. ISUP/

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TUP/NUP layer statistics and alarms are available for each application. TCAP Performance Monitoring Application The TCAP Performance Monitoring application provides monitoring of TCAP transactions traversing the network. This application monitors all MSUs on the links and keeps appropriate peg counts and statistics. TCAP statistics can be used for performance monitoring of such applications as 800, CLASS, LIDB, AIN, IS41, and other services based on the TCAP protocol stack. Specific Applications Performance monitoring applications are available for specific types of applications. Following is a list of applications that can include unique statistics, alarms, reports, and tracing capabilities, depending on the application type: INAP 800 IS-41 LIDB AIN Country Code Statistics GSM Maps GSM A-Interface PCS Map CLASS CCSB LNP
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Network Surveillance Applications

A number of applications are available within the GeoProbe system for troubleshooting and diagnosing problems. These applications are described in the following section. Remote Monitoring (ReMon) Application The Remote Monitoring (ReMon) Application is a network-wide protocol analysis tool that allows users to capture signal unit traffic (filters) from any combination of links, linksets, or monitored nodes in the SS7 network. Users can then view the data in mnemonic or plain-English text mode at the SpIstation. The ReMon Application includes tools for post-capture analysis of data, including: Save/Recall of captured signal unit data Search, View, Filter SUs User Call Trace Application The User Call Trace Application uses the Call/Transaction Tracking Engine. The User Call Trace Packages intelligent filtering allows the GeoProbe system to capture only the data associated with any given call or transaction. The filter is based on a phone number or a specific Point Code. Mass Call Onset Detection Application The Mass Call Onset Detection Application detects a high number of calls suddenly delivered to the same phone number. The alarms generated are based on number of calls to a particular point code. This application is useful for detecting events which could cause an SSP to become congested.
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SUDStore Application The SUDStore (Signal Unit Data Storage) Application allows continuous capture of SS7 link SU data in independent, scrolling hard disk buffers at the SpIprobe. This stored data can provide vital troubleshooting information. Failed Call/Transaction The Failed Call/Transaction application is similar to SUDStore, but only Signal Units from Failed Calls or Transactions are stored on disk at the SpIprobe. The conditions for defining a call or transaction as failed are based on user-specified parameters.
Data Collection and Forwarding Applications

The GeoProbe system provides several applications to track SS7 usage, generate billing aggregations, and report network fraud. Usage Measurement Application The SS7 Usage Measurement Application tracks SS7 usage measurements and can generate billing aggregations. Billing aggregation may be performed in accordance with relevant specifications, such as Bellcores TA-NWT-001087, or may be user-defined to create custom billing schemes with any SS7 parameter combination as aggregation grouping keys. The aggregated data is output through a port to a user-selected accounting center, where further processing and invoicing functions are performed.
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MSU Forwarding Application The MSU Forwarding Application allows a user to forward raw signal unit data (MSUs) from the SpIprobe to an external system for further processing, analysis, or distribution. The data is forwarded using TCP/IP. Call Detail Record (CDR) Application The Call Detail Record Generation Application extracts key parameters from call setup messages, formats them into records, and routes them to a back-end system for aggregation and processing for other applications such as billing or fraud management. CDRs generated specifically for fraud purposes are transmitted to a customer or third party fraud application. This application is based on the CDR generation capabilities of the GeoProbe system. Fraud records are generated upon call termination. Development Tools The OpenSeven Application Programming Interface allows users to develop custom software on the GeoProbe system. OpenSeven API-Extension This program allows software to be written on a UNIX workstation and provides access to the various GeoProbe applications. OpenSeven API-Interpreter This program allows users to define SS7 protocol messages with proprietary message types and parameters down to the formats and codes of specific field. In addition, it allows the building of custom call scenario state machines to be used by the various performance monitoring and call trace applications.
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Protocols The GeoProbe system supports the following protocols: MTP (ANSI, ITU) SCCP (ANSI, ITU) TCAP (ANSI, ITU) ISUP (ANSI, ITU) TUP (ITU) INAP (ITU) IS41 (ANSI) GSM MAP (ITU) National Variants
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Chapter 2 Review: Introduction to the GeoProbe

Answer the questions below for a review of Chapter 2, Introduction to the GeoProbe. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate term: SpIserver SpIprobe SpIstation Transport Network
1. This element is where historical data and the configuration database are stored:_________________________________
2. This element is where alarms, statistics, and data are collected: _________________________________________________
3. This element is the user interface for configuration of the GeoProbe:________________________________________
4. This is used for communications between network elements: _________________________________________________
5. Data is collected by the ____________________, sent to the ____________________ via the ____________________, and reported to the user at the ____________________.

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Starting the SpIstation

This chapter explains the SpIstation hardware, the operating environment, and the SpIstation user interface. It also explains the use of the mouse, menus and icons within the CDE and the SpIstation user interfaces.
Objectives
Describe the SpIstation hardware and operating environment Demonstrate starting the workstation, logging in to the CDE, and logging into the SpIstation software Describe the features of the CDE and the SpIstation user interfaces, and the use of the mouse, menus and icons Explain how to access the SUN Answerbook and the SpIstation on-line help

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List of Labs
Lab 3.1 Lab 3.2 Starting the Workstation...................................... 3-7 Working in the Common Desktop Environment ...................................................... 3-17 Starting the SpIstation Software........................ 3-23 SpIstation Icons................................................. 3-33 SpIstation Menus .............................................. 3-36 SpIstation Buttons ............................................. 3-40 SpIstation Drag and Drop.................................. 3-42 SpIstation Text Fields........................................ 3-45 Using SpIstation Help........................................ 3-52
Lab 3.3 Lab 3.4 Lab 3.5 Lab 3.6 Lab 3.7 Lab 3.8 Lab 3.9
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Introducing the SpIstation

The SpIstation, as shown in Figure 3.1, provides the user interface for the GeoProbe system. All functions of the system are accessed through the SpIstation: map configuration, alarm configuration, alarms, statistics, reports, and status.
Figure 3.1 - GeoProbe SpIstation
The SpIstation consists of a hardware platform, generally a SunSPARCstation system, running the Solaris operating environment or an equivalent UNIX-based system. This document assumes the use of the standard Sun hardware. The SpIstation software is the user interface to the GeoProbe system. Surveillance, configuration and control of the GeoProbe are accomplished within the SpIstation user interface.

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SpIstation Hardware
The workstation hardware consists of a system unit, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse, as shown in Figure 3.2.
Monitor
Monitor controls
Monitor On/Off switch Floppy drive
System unit Mouse Keyboard
Figure 3.2 - Sun Workstation
System Unit
The system unit is the actual computer. The power switch is usually located on the back of the unit on the left or right hand side. Normally, the workstation system unit is not turned off when work is completed.
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Monitor
The monitor provides a visual display. Controls for the power, brightness, contrast, and other adjustments are usually located on the front of the monitor. It is a good idea to turn off the monitor when not in use to conserve electricity.
Keyboard and Mouse

The keyboard and mouse are used for manipulating windows, entering commands, and accessing options.

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SpIstation Operating Environment

The SpIstation software runs on the Solaris operating environment which provides two choices for a Graphical User Interface (GUI). One is the OpenWindows desktop (OpenWindows), and the other is the Common Desktop Environment (CDE). OpenWindows and CDE provide a graphical work environment to the user in the form of windows. The SpIstation GUI is displayed within the OpenWindows or CDE environment.
Note: The SpIstation software will work the same regardless of whether the OpenWindows or the CDE environment is used.
OpenWindows Note: The remainder of this manual assumes that CDE is being used. If you prefer to use the OpenWindows environment, you may follow the next lab, but select the OpenWindows Desktop from the options menu as defined in Step 2 of the lab. If the system administrator has configured the workstation to simply display a command line login prompt instead of the CDE login screen, log in using an assigned user ID and password. The OpenWindows Desktop will display. In the OpenWindows environment, most of the functions are similar to CDE.
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Lab 3.1
Starting the Workstation

To start the SpIstation you must turn the workstation on. The power switch for the SpIstation is on the back of the system unit. 1. Turn the workstation and monitor on. The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) login window will display, as shown in Figure 3.3.
CDE Please enter your user name
OK
Start Over
Options
Help
Common Desktop Environment
Figure 3.3 - CDE Login Window
Note: Using a password keeps your network secure from trespassing and fraud. Memorize your password; dont write it down or share it with anyone.
There are four buttons located on the CDE login screen. Select the Help button by clicking it once with the left mouse button. This will display the help box explaining the CDE login window, as shown in Figure 3.4.

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Login Help: Use the login screen to identify yourself to the computer. To log in: 1) Type your user name and press <Enter> or click [OK]. (if you have not created a user, enter root as the user name). 2) Type your password and press <Enter> or click [OK]. [Start Over] Erases your entries so you can re-enter your user name and try again. [Options] Allows you to change session options. With the mouse pointer over the [Options] button, press and hold mouse button 1. Drag the pointer through the choices. Releasing the mouse button with the pointer on an item will select that item. OK Figure 3.4 - CDE Login Help Window
After reading the Help, click OK at the bottom of the Help window. This closes the window.
Note: Your instructor will tell you the number of your workstation.
2. Select the Options button with the left mouse button, and hold the mouse button down while moving to Session in the Options menu. Continue pressing the left mouse button, and move the cursor to the arrow at the right of the Session option. Another menu will appear. While still holding the left mouse down, select the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) option, then release the left mouse button. The menu will disappear and the login window will return. By selecting the CDE Option, the system will display the Common Desktop Environment window, as shown in Figure 3.5, after logging in to the system.
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3. Move the mouse pointer to the log in box, and press the left mouse button once to select it. The system administrator usually assigns each user a user ID and a password. In this lab, your instructor will provide the user ID and password to enter in this field. 4. Enter your assigned user ID and password, then press Enter. The CDE desktop will display.
Minimize Button Window Title Bar Console Window Minimized Window Maximize Button
Scroll Bar
Active Window Window Menu CDE Help Open Terminal Window Workspace Menu Workspace Toolbar
Workspace Menu Programs SpIstation Refresh Minimize/Restore Front Panel Restart Workspace Manager Log out...
Figure 3.5 - CDE Desktop

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The CDE Workspace

The CDE window background is called the workspace or desktop. At the bottom of the CDE background is the CDE toolbar, which is used for accessing various Solaris features such as the File Manager, clock, and desktop configuration. Additional options can be accessed from the workspace menu. All user commands and actions are accomplished using the keyboard and mouse. The Console window displays information and errors detected by the workstation software. It is beneficial to leave this window open, as it can provide useful feedback if a command or action doesnt work properly. Open terminal windows are for entering user commands and actions. At the top of each open window is a title bar. Since multiple windows can be open simultaneously, the title bar of the selected, active window typically changes colors to indicate its status. Below the title bar, window pull-down menu names are displayed. The open area of each window is for displaying or entering information. Windows can also contain scrollbars. Scrollbars indicate additional information is available but has scrolled past the window display area. All windows can be minimized, resized and moved by using window menus or window control buttons.
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Mouse and Keyboard

The workstation mouse can be used to perform most functions within the CDE environment. The mouse has three buttons, as indicated in Figure 3.6. This is standard mouse configuration; however, the buttons can be configured differently if desired. This document assumes standard mouse configuration.
SELECT ADJUST MENU Selects objects and items. Enables Drag and Drop. Displays an Action menu for the current window or object.
Figure 3.6 - Workstation Mouse Buttons
Mouse actions are accomplished by moving it so that the corresponding screen indicator points to an object or menu. One of the mouse keys must then be clicked or double-clicked to perform specific actions. In general, the Select button is used for choosing objects and menu options, the Adjust button is used for moving or dragging items from one place to another, and the Menu button is used for accessing the Workspace Menu and other types of menus related to specific objects.

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The mouse cursor may appear differently depending on the actions being performed, as indicated in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 - Cursors Pointer Functions Appears when selecting menu options and moving around CDE Appears in certain windows, such as on-line manuals and help Appears in text boxes. It flashes when the text box is selected, indicating text can be entered. The mouse pointer must be in the text box to enter text. Appears when resizing windows. The mouse must be in a window to enter commands or text within the window. The cursor can appear as a box, triangle, or bar, and will appear darker when the mouse is in the selected window.
Keyboard In addition to the standard alphanumeric character keys, the keyboard contains special function keys. These keys provide shortcuts for commands that can otherwise be entered using the mouse.
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Workspace Menu The Workspace Menu is accessed using the adjust key when the pointer is in the desktop, as shown in Figure 3.7.
Figure 3.7 - Workspace Menu
The CDE background, the part of the screen that displays the windows, is called the workspace. The workspace can be configured different ways to meet the needs of different users. If the right mouse button is clicked while the pointer is anywhere on the workspace (not in a window), the Workspace Menu appears. This menu lists frequently used programs. Programs from the menu can be selected instead of entering a command to start. Your System Administrator will set up your workspace so you can access the SpIstation from the Workspace Menu. Windows All functions of the software are controlled in the windows. Information can be entered in fields within windows with the keyboard or mouse. Multiple windows can be open on the desktop, with different functions occurring in each of them. Windows can overlap or cover other windows. The window in front or on top of other windows is the active window. Only in active windows can objects be manipulated or information entered.

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Window Pull-down Menus Below the title bar are the names of the window pull-down menus. The Window pull-down menu is for opening and closing new terminal windows, the Edit pull-down menu is for copying and pasting window text, and the Options pull-down menu provides options for changing window characteristics, such as the size and font. The Help pull-down menu accesses online help for working within a terminal window. Moving Windows on the Screen All windows have a Header Bar at the top and are surrounded by a frame. Windows can be moved by clicking on the window Header Bar and dragging the window to another location on the desktop. Windows can be brought to the front of other windows or placed behind other windows by using the Front or Back keys on the keyboard. The Window Menu
Restore Move Size Minimize Maximize Lower Alt+F5 Alt+F5 Alt+F8 Alt+F9 Alt+F10 Alt+F3
Commands for controlling windows are shown in the Window Menu. To open the Window Menu, move the pointer to the small rectangular button in the upper left hand corner of the window and click the left mouse button. Minimizing Windows Minimize windows to organize cluttered screens. To minimize a window, choose Minimize from the Window Menu. Resizing Windows To change the size of a window, move the pointer to one of the windows four resize corners. Drag the corner out or in to enlarge or reduce the windows size. To expand a window to its full size, choose Maximize from the Window Menu. Selecting Restore from the Window Menu returns the window to its original size.
Occupy Workspace... Occupy All Workspaces Unoccupy Workspace Close Alt+F4
Toggle Menu Bar
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Scroll Bars If a windows contents cannot be completely displayed in the window, scroll bars appear. Drag the vertical or horizontal scroll bar to display additional information in the window. Fields A field is a labeled rectangle in a window where information is entered to perform the functions controlled by that window. To enter text in a field, move the pointer to the field and click the left mouse button. The I-beam text cursor appears so that changes or additions can be made.
Solaris and Desktop Online Help

There are several options available online for obtaining additional information about Solaris or CDE. These options can be accessed from the Desktop Help Menu. The Help Menu is accessed by clicking on the small triangle above the Help Manager icon on the toolbar at the bottom of the CDE desktop, as shown in Figure 3.8.
Help Menu
Figure 3.8 - CDE Desktop Toolbar

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Click on the small triangle above the Help Manager icon, and a menu displays allowing the selection of various help options: Help Manager Desktop Introduction Front Panel Help On Item Help AnswerBook Help Manager, Desktop Introduction, Front Panel Help, and On Item Help all provide information on working with CDE and the CDE desktop. The AnswerBook option provides online documentation for the Solaris Software.
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SpIstation GeoProbe User Interface

The SpIstation software is the user interface to the GeoProbe system, from which the SS7 network can be configured. Reports, Statistics, Alarms, and other network monitoring applications can be viewed from the SpIstation GUI.

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Lab 3.2
Starting the SpIstation Software

This lab focuses on the procedures for starting the SpIstation software. 1. With the pointer positioned in the workspace, click the right (MENU) mouse button. The Workspace Menu appears. A list of available programs is included. 2. From the Workspace Menu select SpIstation. A warning window may appear as shown in Figure 3.9. The GeoProbe Manager can configure each SpIstation to display a customized warning when the SpIstation software is accessed.
Note: The procedure for creating and generating a SpIstation Login Warning is discussed in the GeoProbe Manager course.
Figure 3.9 - Login Warning Window
3. If the Warning Window displays, click Accept to close the window. The SpIstation Login Window opens, as shown in Figure 3.10.
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Figure 3.10 - SpIstation Login Window
The Login Window contains a User field and Password field. Your System Administrator assigns your user ID and password for your companys SpIstation. 4. Move the pointer until it is in the User field. At the cursor, enter <train#> in the field, and press the Return key. The cursor moves to the password field. Enter <train#>, and press the Return key. The SpIstation Main Menu appears. The main SpIstation window should be visible on your workspace, as shown in Figure 3.11.
Figure 3.11 - SpImain Window

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SpImain Window
After logging in to the SpIstation, a window will appear displaying different icons for accessing SpIstation functions. This window is referred to as the SpImain and is shown in Figure 3.12.
Version Number SpIstation User ID
SpImain Icons
Figure 3.12 - SpImain Window
The top of the SpImain Window displays the SpImain Version and the User ID for the current SpImain session. Below the title bar are the names of the SpImain File and Options Menus. The File Menu is for logging out of the SpIstation. The Options Menu includes settings for displaying an information window describing each icon. Whenever the mouse is pointing at a SpImain icon, the information window can be set to always display, delay display, or never display icon descriptions. The SpImain icons are used for accessing the various SpIstation modes, applications and functions. The icons displayed are based on the user and the applications installed. Therefore, some icons may not appear in the SpImain Window.
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SpImain Mode Icons There are three modes in the GeoProbe SpIstation interface: Network Configuration mode Network Status mode System Administration mode These modes must be accessed from the SpImain icons. Network Configuration Network maps, protocols, views, pointcodes, and network elements are defined in the Network Configuration Mode. Network Status Alarm displays, statistics, maps, and other monitoring and status functions are accessed in the Network Status Mode. System Administration User accounts, alarm profiles, groups, and permissions are configured in the System Administration Mode.

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SpImain Function Icons Various functions must be configured within one of the GeoProbe Modes. However, some of the more commonly used functions can also be accessed directly from an icon in the SpImain Window. License Manager The License Manager displays a list of all users, their workstations and the SpIstation applications they are running. The License Manager also restricts the number of simultaneous users to the number of licenses. The License Manager can also be accessed from the System Administration Mode. Color Palette Configuration The Color Palette is used for defining the colors that will be available for configuration of alarms, nodes and linksets. Color Palette configuration can only be accessed from the SpImain icon. Real-time Statistics Statistics graphs and configurations can be accessed from this icon, or from the Network Status Mode. Historical Statistics The Historical Statistics are used for defining statistics to be collected for the Historical Statistics Reports. Configuration of Historical Statistics can also be accomplished in the Network Status Mode.
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Statistical Events Statistical events are customized alarms based on user-defined parameters involving counts and time periods. Configuration can also be accomplished in the Network Status Mode. Behavior Statistics Behavior Statistics provide a sorted representation of up to 32 network objects relating to a given statistical counter. Depending on the nature of the counter, this could represent the worst offending or best performing elements. SQA Configuration SQA Configuration provides access to the SQA profile list window. SQA profiles are added, modified, and deleted from this window. Point Code Editor Pointcodes for the network maps can be added, modified, or deleted using the Point Code Editor icon, but can also be configured in the Network Configuration and Network Status Modes. Filter Editor Filters must be defined for certain applications, such as MSU Forwarding and Usage Measurement. Filters can also be configured from the Network Status Mode. Network State Display The Network State Display icon can be used for accessing linkset, route, and subsystem availability information. Linkset, route, and subsystem availability can also be accessed individually in the Network Status Mode.

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SpImain Application Icons Certain application packages are only accessible from the SpImain Icons. These packages are listed below. Mass Call The Mass Call application allows the monitoring of specific prefixes or phone numbers for a high volume of calls. Users can display Mass Call profiles and monitor Mass Calling events. Bulls-eye The Bulls-eye alarm window displays when the Bulls-eye icon is selected.
Historical Statistical Reports This icon launches the third-party reports package, BusinessObjects, in the User Mode. Available report data is based on the defined Historical Statistics. Historical Statistical Reports Manager This icon must be used to launch BusinessObjects application in the Manager Mode. This mode is used for configuration of BusinessObjects user accounts, queries, and reports. MSU Forwarding The MSU Forwarding application forwards filtered MSUs to a back-end system.
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Usage Measurement The Usage Measurement application forwards filtered data to a back-end system. Some SpIstation application packages can be accessed and configured from the SpImain Window icons or from the Network Status Mode. Remote Monitoring (ReMon) The Remote Monitoring application allows remote access to actual SpIprobe-monitored SS7 data. ReMon is used for configuring, establishing, and saving ReMon configurations and sessions. Remote Monitoring (Recall Signal Unit Data) Saved data from ReMon sessions can be recalled.
Remote Monitoring (Recall By Link Config) Saved ReMon configurations can be recalled.
Real-Time User Call Trace The Real-Time User Call Trace application allows remote access to the SpIprobe-monitored data for the purpose of tracing specific calls or transactions. Real-Time User Call Trace is used for configuring, establishing, and saving Real-Time User Call Trace sessions.

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User Call Trace Recall Saved Real-Time User Call Trace sessions can be recalled.
SUDS/Failed Calls Configuration and Status Use the SUDS/Failed Calls Configuration and Status application to access the SUDStore and Failed Calls Profiles Window. Profiles are based on signalling groups and pointcodes. SUDS Recall The SUDS Recall application accesses stored signal unit data based on a time period, pointcode, calling party number and called party number. Failed Calls Recall The Failed Calls application stores all failed calls/transactions and associated SS7 messages to local disk. The retrieved calls are then displayed using the Failed Calls Recall Interface. CDR Configuration and Status The CDR application filters calls and sends call detail records (CDRs) to an external system. SpImain Utilities Icon The Utilities Icon brings up a toolbar with SUN Utilities, the Pic File Editor and the SpIstation Syslog Monitor.
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Working in the SpIstation Interface

CDE Window manipulation options are available in the SpIstation User Interface. However, the SpIstation Windows include additional menus, icons, buttons and window options specific to the SpIstation software.

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Lab 3.3
SpIstation Icons
The purpose of this lab is to learn how to work with the SpIstation User Interface. While we will be using some of the SpIstation modes and functions to explain certain features, the modes themselves will be explained later in the course. You should have the SpImain Window open on your desktop before beginning this lab. 1. From the SpImain Window, click on the Network Status icon with your left mouse button to launch the SpIstations monitoring application.
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Figure 3.13 - Network Status Window
In the Network Status Window, choose the map you want to monitor by selecting a map icon.
Note: Horizontal scroll bars work the same as vertical scroll bars, but you drag the box left and right instead of up and down.
This window shows either a vertical series of icons or a map name list for different network maps. If this is the case, there may be vertical or horizontal scroll bars in the window. Use these scroll bars to view more icons or names. 2. The Default map opened when you selected the Status icon. Close this map by selecting the File menu and choosing Close. 3. Scroll the icons up or down until you see an icon of a map of Texas labeled Tejas. Double-click on the icon with the left mouse button to open the Tejas map. You now have three SpIstation windows open on your screen: the SpImain Window, the main Status Window displaying the Tejas_2 map, and the Status Map Selection Window. When a network map displays, you may not be able to see the entire map in the window. If it is necessary, enlarge the window to see the entire map.

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SpIprobe STP
SCP
The SpIstation includes a number of icons for network configuration and status. These icons depict the different types of SS7 elements. These include STP, SCP, SSP, linkset, and SpIprobe icons. Additional network element icons may be configured by your System Administrator. The network map icons can be selected for various functions such as viewing alarms for a selected element, resizing an element during configuration, or getting information about a selected element. 4. Select the Amarillo STP icon by clicking on the object with your left mouse button. Handles appear around the object. 5. Click on the map background to deselect the Amarillo STP icon. Items can also be deselected by clicking the item again after it has been selected. Multiple objects can be selected by clicking them successively.
SSP STP Linkset
SpIprobe STP
SCP
SSP STP Linkset
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Lab 3.4
SpIstation Menus
In the SpIstation interface, there are additional menu types specific to the SpIstation user interface. These include Pop-up Menus, Pull-down Menus, and Option Menus. 1. Click on the map background to make sure that no objects are selected. 2. Select the El Paso SSP by clicking it with your left mouse button.
Note: If you get the Default actions Pop-up Menu, you either have more than one item selected on your map, or no items are selected.
Default Actions Copy Selected Obj(s) Map Alarm Log... Global Alarm Log... Apply Default View Deapply Current View Close Window
3. Click the El Paso SSP with your right mouse button. The SSP Actions Pop-up Menu will display.
SSP Actions More Info... SSP Alarms... Linkset Status... Route Status... Subsystem Status... Copy
Figure 3.14 - SSP Actions Menu
4. With your left mouse button, click on More Info from the pop-up menu.
Figure 3.15 - SSP More Info Window

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5. Click the Close command button at the bottom of the SSP More Info Window. Pop-up menus display when you click the right mouse button on a window or icon. These menus are associated with a window or object, and provide options or commands affecting that window or icon. Pop-up menus are called Action Menus. Pull-down menu names are displayed at the top of a window, below the header bar. By clicking the left mouse button on one of the pull-down menu names, a menu of options is displayed. Pull-down menus can be hierarchical, meaning there can be submenus, indicated by a small arrow pointing to the right of a menu option. Additional options are available from the submenus. Some submenus can also have submenus. If there is no arrow indicating a submenu exists, selecting a menu option will open a window for that option. 6. Click on the Statistics pull-down Menu. Notice the RealTime menu option has an arrow pointing to the right, indicating a submenu exists for this option. Select the RealTime option with your mouse, and another submenu displays. Notice additional submenus are available for the Recall Data and Recall Config options, as there is an arrow next to each.
Statistics Real-Time Configure... Historical... Recall Data Recall Config
Figure 3.16 - Real-Time Statistics Submenus
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7. Click the Configure option.The Real-Time Statistics Set-up Window displays.
Figure 3.17 - Real Time Statistics Setup Window
8. Click on the small rectangle next to unselected Stats Package. A menu of options displays.
Figure 3.18 - Stats Package Option menu

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9. Select the Core SS7 option. The option menu closes, and the setting window now displays Core SS7. The Stats Package menu is an example of an Option Menu. Option menus will display the currently selected option next to the small rectangular button. By clicking the rectangle next to the option label, a list of available options is displayed. This type of menu is most commonly used throughout the SpIstation for selection of various application packages. Keep this window open for the next lab.
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Lab 3.5
SpIstation Buttons
Buttons allow you to carry out commands or choose options. The three types of buttons are toggle buttons, command buttons, and radio buttons. In the previous lab, the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window was opened. This window contains all three types of buttons, and will be used in this lab. If you closed the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window, repeat the previous lab to access it. The Stats Package option should be set to Core SS7.
Figure 3.19 - Real Time Statistics Setup Window
1. In the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window below the Stats Package field, there is a field defined as Stats Scope. Next to the Link, Linkset, SpIprobe, and Sig Group labels are square toggle buttons. Toggle buttons allow the selection of multiple options where more than one option can be selected. Options are ON when check is present in the button. Options are OFF when the button appears light and the check is not present. With your left mouse button, click the Link option on, and the Linkset, Node, SpiProbe, and Sig Group options off. A list appears below the Stats Scope field. 2. With your left mouse button, click the first option in the list, Link: BIB Inversions.

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3. Below the list is a rectangular command button labeled Add. Notice that to the right of the Add command button is the Apply command button which is grayed out. Command buttons are used for executing commands, opening secondary windows, closing windows, or applying window settings. Command buttons display in almost every window. Close, Apply, Add, and Delete are commonly used command buttons. Whenever options or buttons are grayed out, it means they are not available with the current settings. Click the Add command button with your left mouse button. Notice that it adds information to the right-hand side of the screen and the Apply command button is no longer grayed out. 4. To the upper right of the Real-Time Statistics window are three round buttons labeled Plot Graph, Peg Counts, and Bar Graph. These round buttons are radio buttons. Radio buttons allow the selection of one option from several available options; only one option can be ON at any given time. Using your left mouse button, click on the radio button next to Peg Counts to turn it on. Notice the color of the Peg Counts button differs from the other two radio buttons which are turned off. 5. With your left mouse button, click on the radio button next to Bar Graph to turn it on. Notice that it turned off the Peg Counts option. The color of the Bar Graph button changes, and is now different than the other two radio buttons. Leave this window open for the next lab.
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Lab 3.6
SpIstation Drag and Drop

In several SpIstation windows, it is necessary to select icons from maps, and drag them to a location on the setup window. This feature is called Drag and Drop, and the location to which you are assigning the dragged item is called the Drop Box. In the previous lab, a box appeared to the right of the window when an item was added from a list of options. If you followed the steps in the previous labs, this label should say Links. This box is a drop box for links selected from a network map. To the left of the drop box is a label indicating the name of options that are added. To drop links in the drop box, it is necessary to display both the network map and the window containing the drop box. 1. Rearrange and resize the windows on your screen so that both the Links drop box and the Tejas_2 network map display. 2. On the Tejas_2 network map, use your left mouse button to select the linkset between the Amarillo STP and the El Paso SSP. Then, select the linkset between the Laredo STP and the El Paso SSP. After both linksets have been selected, press your middle mouse button, and hold it down while moving the mouse to the center of the Links drop box. If done properly, the icon changes to the Drag and Drop icon. As you move the Drag and Drop icon into the drop box, it changes, indicating you are in the drop box. The icon has a small arrow in it. If you do not get a drag and drop icon, it may be that no item was selected or the selected item was invalid.

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3. After dragging the linksets into the dropbox, release the center mouse button and the names for the linksets will appear in the drop box.
Figure 3.20 - Links Displayed in a Drop Box
4. To delete items from a drop box, click on an item in the drop box. It will become highlighted. 5. Press the right mouse button. A pop-up menu displays. The options in this menu allow you to delete selected items, delete all items, add link or paste items to another drop box.
Figure 3.21 - Links Action Menu
6. Move your cursor to the Delete Selected option, and release the right mouse button. The menu should close, and the selected item should no longer be visible in the drop box.
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7. To delete the drop box, move the mouse over the label defining the drop box option name. In this example, it should say Core SS7 Link: Error SU Count. Press the right mouse button and a pop-up menu displays. The options in this menu allow you to delete or duplicate the object.
Figure 3.22 - Stats Object Pop-up Menu
8. Move your cursor to the Delete this stats object option, and release the right mouse button. The menu should close, and the drop box should disappear. 9. To close this window, select the File pull-down menu, and select Exit. 10. A confirmation box is displayed. Click Yes.

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SpIstation Print Feature

Many of the windows in the SpIstation allow users to print data. Users can also preview data in Postscript or text mode, or print data to a text file using the print option. The Print Window shown in Figure 3.23 is from the Real Time Statistics Setup Window, but it is similar in all of the applications.
Figure 3.23 - Real-Time Statistics Print Window
Select a place to store or display data with the Destination field. Data can be sent to the Printer or to a Text File to be retrieved later. Select a Printer from the available printers and also to set the default printer. Select the Number of Copies to print. Set the document Orientation to print Portrait or Landscape. The default is Portrait. Define the Paper Size. The Text File option is only available when the destination is Text File instead of Printer. The Text File button allows users to give a name to the file in which to save the data. Define the Number of Columns to print.
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Use Preview Postscript to view the data in Postscript mode in a window on the desktop. Use Preview Text to view the data in Text mode in a window on the desktop.

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Online Manuals
The SpIstation provides online access to the SpIstation User Guide. The online manuals are available through the Acrobat Reader. The SpIstation online manuals are duplications of the User Manuals received with the software. Since the User Manuals are available online, users can quickly access the same information available in the hard copy. In addition, having manuals online makes them readily available to anyone at a SpIstation. Online manuals provide quick and easy access to information about the SpIstation interface. With features such as thumbnail, bookmark, and zooming, users can quickly go to information needed. Some of the major features of the online manuals are described in this section. Printing Users can print portions of the online manual with the Print feature in the File menu. Use Page Setup to determine how the document should look on the page, then choose Print to select the printer, the range of pages, and the destination. Edit The text of the online manuals cant be changed, but users can change how it is displayed in the window. With the Preferences option from the Edit menu, users can set the default magnification of the page. Users can also highlight text in the document and use the Copy option from the Edit menu to copy the text to another application.
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View The display can be can changed with the options described below. Most of the options have corresponding icons in the toolbar. Viewing the Page The information in the Acrobat Window can be changed so the users dont have to scroll to see it: Actual Size displays the page at its actual size. Scroll horizontally or vertically to see the entire page. Fit Page to Window displays the page into whatever size the Acrobat Window has been placed. Fit Width to Window displays the page in the Acrobat Window so that the entire width displays, but the window may have to be scrolled vertically to see the entire page. The Zoom To.. option in the View menu changes the current magnification of the page. The higher number indicates a closer magnification. Moving Around the Document Several options from the View menu and the toolbar can be used to move quickly and easily around the online manual:

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First Page and Last Page go immediately to the first or last pages in the document. Previous Page and Next Page browse back and forth between pages. Go Back and Go Forward retrace steps in the document. This feature is similar to the History option in the SpIstation Help. Go to a specific page in the document with the Go To Page. Simply enter the page number and click on OK to go to a page quickly. Bookmarks and Thumbnails Bookmarks and Thumbnails view topics or pages alongside the actual page in the Window. When Bookmarks and Page are selected from the View menu, a list of topics displays in the column to the left of the page. Double-click on the bookmark icon next to the topic to go directly to that topic. When Thumbnail and Page are selected from the View menu, a list of all the pages in the document with a thumbnail sketch of the page is displayed to the left. Click and drag a square around a portion of the thumbnail to display just that portion in the Window. Tools Use the Acrobat Tools to manipulate pages in the window, zoom in or out, and find specific keywords. Hand With the Hand tool, move the page quickly around the Acrobat Window without using the scroll bars.
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Zoom In/Zoom Out The Zoom In and Zoom Out tools zoom in or out on a particular portion of the screen. Select Zoom In or Zoom Out from the Tools menu or click on the icons. Select The Select option from the Tools menu marks off a portion of text for copy into a text editor. There is also a Select tool icon in the toolbar. Find The Find option from the Tools menu finds specific words in the document. There is also a Find tool icon in the tool bar.

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Chapter 3 Review: Starting the SpIstation

Fill in the blanks below with the appropriate term. Action Command Drag and drop Help On-line manuals Pull-down Radio SpImain Toggle Workspace
1. To start the SpIstation, use your mouse to get this menu from the desktop background. ____________________________
2. This type of button selects a mutually exclusive option, turning other options off. ____________________________
3. This type of button allows the selection of multiple options. _________________________________________________
4. This type of button may open/close a window or execute an option. __________________________________________
5. This type of menu appears when you click on one of the names along the top of a window. ______________________
6. This type of menu appears when you click your right mouse button on an icon or field. ____________________________
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7. The window containing the mode icons and other feature icons. ___________________________________________
8. This feature is used for moving icons from a map to a box. ____________________________________________
9. Use one of these two options if you need information on the purpose or configuration of a feature. ___________________

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GeoProbe Database Overview

This chapter provides an overview of the GeoProbe Database. The System Administration Mode is introduced to explain how user accounts and capabilities are defined. The chapter also introduces the Network Configuration Mode to explain network maps pre-defined by the GeoProbe Administrator.
Objectives
Explain how user accounts affect the features and applications users can access Overview the configuration of network maps, and options that impact user capabilities when working with maps

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The System Administration Mode

The SpIstation System Administration Mode handles all administration and management tasks required by the GeoProbe network. The GeoProbe Administrator uses the Administration Window, as shown in Figure 4.1, to create user accounts, groups and profiles.
Figure 4.1 - Administration Window
System Administration Window

The Administration Window is used to set up users, group them for administration purposes, and assign access privileges to the SpIstation. The following sections describe how the screen is used. The User Id List contains each user with a GeoProbe user account. Each user account has a user ID, user name, and password. The user ID and password allow the user to log in to the SpIstation.
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The Name Id identifies the actual person who uses the account. For example, a user ID might be the users initials, or the first initial and the first five letters of the last name. The user name is the users full name. When a user account is set up, a subdirectory is established in the users home directory on the SpIstation in which GeoProbe files are stored. For example, the user can save statistics files, alarm configurations, specific views of network maps, or customized files. The Name field identifies the person assigned to the User ID, and can be up to 32 characters in length. The Alarm Group List contains the Alarm Group each user is assigned. The Admin Group List lists the defined Admin Groups. The Groups function allows GeoProbe Administrators to assign users to an admin group. Users belonging to the same admin group share network map access and views. The Profile List contains the defined Profiles. Different SpIstation users have access to different SpIstation functions. User profiles determine the restrictions and capabilities of each user. The GeoProbe Administrator assigns these profiles permission to use different SpIstation functions in the Profile Information Window shown in Figure 4.2. The GeoProbe Administrator profile, for example, has permission to make all changes and configure all settings necessary to administer the GeoProbe System. The GeoProbe Administrator assigns each user to a profile.

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Figure 4.2 - Profile Information Window
When the GeoProbe Administrator assigns a user to a particular profile, only certain applications or modes are accessible to the user when logged in to the SpIstation, as shown in Figure 4.3.
Figure 4.3 - SpImain Window with Limited Access
This SpImain Window displays a user logged in who only has access to options such as Network Status Mode, Bulls-eye, Statistics, Call Trace, and ReMon. Occasionally options will display in a window, but will be grayed out. This means the GeoProbe Administrator did not give the user access to those options.
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Each user is set up with an Alarm Group. Sixteen different groups are available. The alarm group determines how alarms appear to the user and the Bulls-eye display selected.

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User Account Information Window

Users without System Administration capability can use the System Administration Mode to display user account configuration and information, as shown in Figure 4.4.
Figure 4.4 - User Account Information
In the User Account Information Window, a user may change the User Name, Password, HOME Directory, and Comment fields if permission is granted by the System Administrator. The User ID, Group, Profile, Alarm Group, and Home Directory fields may only be changed by users with System Administration privileges.
Note: The User ID and Password displayed here are for the SpIstation, and have nothing to do with your UNIX log in and password.
The User ID field displays the users SpIstation log in ID. The User Name field displays the users full name.
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The Password field contains the log in password for the associated user ID. If a user changes the password, the new password appears as asterisks (*) as it is being entered. Before exiting the window, a prompt appears requiring the user to re-enter the password for verification. This is to ensure no typing errors were made when the new password was initially entered. This field is only displayed if the user is given permission to change the password. The Alarm Group field displays the Alarm Group to which the user is assigned. The Admin Group field displays the Admin Group to which the user is assigned. The Profile field displays the SpIstation Profile to which the user is assigned. The Maximum logins field contains the maximum logins allowed before a user is required to change their password. The Digit Masking field allows the system administrator to enter the number of digits to mask (replace with asterisks). Enter a number (up to 7) to specify the number of digits to mask in all digit types in REMON, Call Trace, SUDS, Failed Calls, and Mass Call Status. The Home Directory field displays the users UNIX home directory. Any SpIstation files such as reports or views will be saved in this directory. The Comments field displays any comments related to the user account setup.

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License Manager
The GeoProbe Administrator can monitor who is using the SpIstation at any time through License Manager. The License Manager displays a list of all users, their workstations and the SpIstation program (mode) they are running. The License Manager also restricts the number of simultaneous users to the number of licenses. The GeoProbe Administrator can control user access to the SpIstation software by killing applications or licenses. This can be done when performing software upgrades or administrative tasks. When the GeoProbe Administrator kills a license, the following dialog box, Figure 4.5, displays to the user:
Figure 4.5 - Kill License Dialog Box
Users can close the dialog box by clicking on the OK button.
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Network Configuration Mode

The SpIstation network is a graphical representation of a companys actual SS7 network and the GeoProbe equipment that monitors the SS7 network. This graphical network typically consists of several different map displays. SpIstation users monitoring different aspects of the SS7 network can use different geographical maps and views displaying different network elements. The GeoProbe Administrator must create this graphical network before SpIstation users can begin network surveillance.
Figure 4.6 - Tejas_2 Configuration Window

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The network map consists of two parts: the background map and the network diagram. The background map is the geographical map of the area, region, or country that forms the basis for the network map. The network diagram is the arrangement of icons representing the SS7 network and the monitoring equipment. In the Configuration Mode of the SpIstation, GeoProbe Administrators place icons representing the nodes and SpIprobes and SpInodes of the SS7 network on geographical background maps. They then draw color-coded lines representing linksets to connect the nodes. The GeoProbe Administrator must plan configuration of network maps by ensuring point codes, node names, IP addresses and other information is available. Once a network map has been configured, additional information can be added at any time. Refer to the SpIstation User Guide or the GeoProbe Administration course for more information regarding the System Administration and Network Configuration Modes.
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Chapter 4 Review: GeoProbe Database Overview

Answer the following questions for a review of Chapter 4, GeoProbe Database Overview. 1. The mode used for assigning user accounts and profiles is: _________________________________________________
2. The mode used for defining network maps is: _________________________________________________
3. If users are assigned to the same admin group, what does this allow them to share?________________________________
4. If users do not have access to System Administration privileges, what can they change in their User Account Information Window?_______________________________ _________________________________________________
5. If users are assigned to the same alarm profile, what information do they share?___________________________

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Network Status and Performance Monitoring

This chapter introduces the Network Status Mode, the Network State Display feature, and the Bulls-eye. It explains how to use them for viewing network status and performance. It describes how to view and interpret information displayed on network maps, applications for viewing network status, and how alarms are displayed to the user.
Objectives
Describe the Network Status Mode and Network Performance Monitoring Applications Explain options for displaying network map information Explain the Network State Display Provide instruction on how to access and respond to network alarm indications Discuss the Bulls-eye alarm feature

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Network Status Mode Introduction

The SS7 network is monitored in the SpIstation Network Status Mode. In the Network Status Mode, the SpIstation displays network maps with icons representing monitored nodes and linksets. A problem or potential problem detected in the network triggers an alarm. Icons representing the affected network elements change color on network maps to alert the user. Users can then access detailed alarm information, and respond as required. The Network State Display and the Bulls-eye offer additional options for monitoring the SS7 network. The Network State Display provides real-time information on the status of network elements, and the Bulls-eye offers ways to view network alarms without having to access the Network Status Mode. This chapter explains how to use the Network Status Mode, Network State Display, and the Bulls-eye for monitoring network status and performance.
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List of Labs
Lab 5.1 Lab 5.2 Network Map Selection Window ................ 5-10 Selecting and Viewing Network Element Information ................................................. 5-21 Lab 5.3 Lab 5.4 Lab 5.5 Lab 5.6 View Configuration ..................................... 5-30 Network State Display................................ 5-35 Working with Network Status Alarm Logs ................................................. 5-55 Displaying Bulls-eye Alarms...................... 5-63

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Network Performance Monitoring Applications

Real-Time Performance Monitoring is provided by several GeoProbe application packages. A brief description of these applications follows. Core SS7 Performance Monitoring Application The Core SS7 Performance Monitoring application provides the GeoProbe systems MTP level 2 SS7 link monitoring functions. All other GeoProbe applications are built on this foundation. MTP Performance Monitoring Application The MTP Performance Monitoring application provides MTP layer alarms, MTP layer statistics and MTP performance data useful for network performance analysis and network planning. SCCP Performance Monitoring Application The SCCP Performance Monitoring application provides SCCP layer alarms and statistics on both connectionless and connection-oriented SCCP messages, including routing and Global Title Translation. ISUP/TUP/NUP Performance Monitoring Applications The ISUP/TUP/NUP Performance Monitoring applications provide monitoring of ISUP/TUP/NUP calls traversing the network. These applications monitor all MSUs on the links and keep appropriate peg counts and statistics.
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TCAP Performance Monitoring Application The TCAP Performance Monitoring application provides monitoring of TCAP transactions traversing the network. This application monitors all MSUs on the links and keeps appropriate peg counts and statistics. TCAP statistics can be used for performance monitoring of such applications as 800, CLASS, LIDB, AIN and other services based on the TCAP protocol stack. Specific Applications Performance monitoring applications are available for specific types of applications. Following is a list of applications that can include unique statistics, alarms, reports and tracing capabilities, depending on the application type: INAP 800 IS-41 LIDB AIN Country Code Statistics GSM MAP GSM A-Interface PCS MAP LNP CCSB CLASS

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Network Status Mode

Access the Network Status Mode through the Network Status icon located on the SpImain Menu. When the Network Status Window opens, the default map displays, as in Figure 5.1.
SpImain Window
Title Bar Map Name View Name Current Map
Map Selection Window
Map Icons
Open Map Window
Figure 5.1 - Network Status Window
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There are two parts to the Network Status Mode, the Map Selection Window and the Open Map Window. The Map Selection Window is used to open up different maps in the Open Map Window. The Open Map Window displays the current open network map.
Map Selection Window

Any network map or view created in the Network Configuration Mode can be displayed at any time in a Network Status Window. Multiple windows can be opened, each containing a different map or view, at one time. This allows monitoring of networks spread over wide regions on multiple maps simultaneously. Maps are opened from the Map Selection Window.
New/Front Toggle Button
Options Menu
Network Map Icons
Figure 5.2 - Network Status Map Selection Window

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The Map Selection Window has several features designed to make working with maps easier.
The pull-down File Menu provides a convenient way to open and close the current Network Status Window of the SpIstation: Open a new map window. Save Preferences allows users to save user display preferences for the Map Selection Window. Exit network Status Mode and close all open status maps.
The pull-down Options Menu provides an alternative means for organizing window placement on the desktop. When a particular menu option is in use, a toggle button displays next to it. If the option is inactive or not in use, the toggle button does not display. Bring map windows to front brings a selected map window to the front of other open windows. Horizontal window disposition displays the Status Map Selection Window vertically or horizontally. Show map buttons sets the Map Selection Window to display map icons or a list of available maps.
Front
The New/Front toggle button is used in conjunction with the selection of available maps in the Map Selection window. New opens a new map window when a map icon is selected. Front brings the selected open map window to the front of other open map windows.
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Exit
The Exit command button exits Network Status Mode and closes all open status maps.

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Lab 5.1
Network Map Selection Window

The following lab demonstrates the different features of the Map Selection Window. 1. Click on the Network Status icon. When the Network Status screen opens, select Open from the File Menu. A list of available maps displays.
Figure 5.3 - Available Map List
2. Select Tejas from the list and click the OK button. You should have two map windows open now: the Default Map Window containing the GeoProbe logo, and the Tejas Map Window, with the Tejas window on top.
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Figure 5.4 - Desktop With Two Map Windows Open
3. Select Bring Map Windows to Front from the Options Menu. This option changes the New/Front toggle button to Front. 4. Select the Default in the Map Selection Window. This brings the Default Map Window to the front without opening a new map window.

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Figure 5.5 - Open Map Window with Default Map on Top
5. Now toggle the New/Front button to New. 6. Select Tejas from the Map Selection Window. A second Tejas map opens on your desktop. You now have two Tejas Map Windows and a Default Map Window open.
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Figure 5.6 - Two Tejas Maps, Default Map Windows
7. From the Options Menu, click on Show Map Buttons so that it is unselected. It is unselected when the small square with the checkmark next to it disappears.
Figure 5.7 - Options Menu Unselected Map Buttons

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The Map Selection Window now displays the names of the available maps, without the map icons.
Figure 5.8 - Map Selection Window with Map Names Only
8. From the Options Menu, click on Show Map Buttons again so that it is selected. It is selected when a check appears in the small square next to it. The map icons reappear in the Map Selection Window.
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9. From the Options Menu, click on Horizontal Window Disposition. This displays the Map Selection Window in a horizontal position on your desktop.
Figure 5.9 - Horizontal Map Selection Window
10. From the Options Menu, click on Horizontal Window Disposition to deselect it. The check and small square next to it will disappear. This returns the Map Selection Window to a vertical display. 11. Select Save Preferences from the File Menu. This will ensure that the next time you open Network Status Mode the preferences you set regarding the Map Selection Window will be the same. In this example, the Map Selection Window was configured to display map icons in step 8, and to display the window vertically in step 10. This is the way the Map Selection Window will appear the next time the Network Status Mode is opened. 12. Click on the Default Map Window you have open. Select Close from the File Menu to close the Default Map Window. 13. Click on one of the Tejas Map Windows. Select Close from the File Menu to close this map. You should have one Tejas Map Window open in preparation for the next lab.

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Open Map Window

The Tejas map in Figure 5.10 depicts the SS7 network of the fictional telecommunications company, Tejas. The network consists of an SSP in El Paso, Midland, and Austin, a mated pair of STPs located in Amarillo and Laredo, and an SCP in Dallas. The SCP is a multiple point code SCP with three subsystems, numbers 5, 253, and 254. The network is monitored by a SpIprobe at the Amarillo STP. The map name and view display in the map title bar.
Title Bar View Name
Current Map
Map Icons
Figure 5.10 - Tejas Network Map
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The pull-down File Menu provides a convenient way to open and close maps in the Map Window. Open Map opens a new map from a list of available maps into the current window. New Window opens a new map window from a list of available maps. Close closes the current map window.
The pull-down Editors Menu accesses windows to define filters, to add or delete point codes from the GeoProbe database and to define groups and views. Filters defines filters for applications. Pointcodes configures pointcodes. Protocols configures network protocols. Probe Configuration displays the timeout and Failed Call/Transaction parameters for the SpIprobe. Groups configures groups for SS7 Groups, Monitoring Equipment, and Signalling Groups. Views configures map display viewing options.
The Alarms pull-down Menu provides access to all areas of alarm information and configuration. SpIprobe Alarms defines and schedule embedded alarm events. Configure Alarm Events configures statistical alarm events. Weights and Colors sets alarm colors and thresholds. Map Alarm Log displays the alarm log for the current map.

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Global Alarm Log displays the alarm log for all maps.
The Statistics pull-down Menu offers access to the RealTime and Historical Statistics windows. Different statistics display depending on the application packages installed on the GeoProbe System. Real-Time configures and displays real-time statistics. Historical configures historical statistics to be collected for display in historical reports.
The Surveillance pull-down Menu allows access to the Remote Monitoring, Call Trace, SUDStore, and Failed Calls applications. ReMON defines a ReMon capture configuration and initiates a session. Recall Linkset recalls a saved ReMon capture configuration and initiates a session. Recall Captured Data recalls data saved from a previous ReMon session. Call Trace defines a Call Trace capture configuration and initiates a session. Recall Configuration recalls a saved call trace capture configuration and initiates a session. Recall Captured Trace recalls a saved User Call Trace session for view only. Recall SUDS Data recalls saved signal units by timed index. Recall Failed Call Data recalls saved failed call data.
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The Options pull-down Menu offers default map and view selections. The default map and view will be opened automatically whenever the Network Status Mode is accessed. Set as Default Map sets the current open map as the default map. Set Maps Default View sets the default view for the map.
The Default Action pop-up Menu offers ways to view and copy objects. Copy Selected Obj(s) copies the selected map objects for pasting on another map or dropbox. Map Alarm Log opens the alarm log for the current map. Global Alarm Log opens the alarm log for all maps. Apply Default View applies the default view to the current map. Deapply Current View removes the applied view from the current map. Close Window closes the current map window.
Each element on a network map has an associated pop-up action menu that offers options for viewing and copying information for the selected map objects. The options vary depending on the element selected. More Info displays configuration information for the selected element. This option is available for all elements. SSP, STP, Linkset or SpIprobe Alarms opens the alarm log for the selected element.

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Link, Route, or Subsystem Status accesses the Network State Display for the selected element. These options are available for STPs, SCPs, and SSPs. For linksets, only the Linkset Status option is available. Copy copies the selected element for pasting to another map or dropbox.
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Lab 5.2
Selecting and Viewing Network Element Information

The purpose of this lab is to explore the various options within the Open Map Window for displaying information about your network. The Tejas Map Window should be displayed for this lab. 1. Select the El Paso SSP with the left mouse button. Notice a white box appears around the selected element. You can select more than one element at a time. Select three more elements in the window.
Figure 5.11 - Tejas With Nodes Selected

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2. To unselect one element, click the element with your left mouse button again. This leaves the other three elements selected. 3. To unselect all elements, move your pointer to a section of the map outside the network. Click your left mouse button. All elements should be unselected.
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4. To access the Default Action Menu, move your mouse pointer to any section of the window outside of the network. Click your right mouse button, and the Default Action Menu appears. To close the Default Action menu, click your left mouse button anywhere on the map background. You will also display the Default Action Menu if you click the right mouse button with more than one element selected. 5. Select the El Paso SSP. Click the right mouse button to display the SSP Action Menu. 6. Select the More Info option from this menu. The More Information Window for this SSP displays.
Figure 5.12 - SSP More Information Window
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The SSP More Information Window displays configuration information for the selected element which includes the node name, name used on the map, and assigned point code. It also displays the RX and TX names for links associated with the node. If another hierarchical map exists, it is displayed in the Next Map field. The Description field contains optional comments, and the Monitoring Equipment field displays the name of the SpIprobe monitoring the selected element. 7. Click on Close to close the SSP More Information Window. 8. Select the SpIprobe and display the SpIprobe Action Menu. 9. Select the More Info option to display the More Information Window for this SpIprobe.
Figure 5.13 - SpIprobe More Information Window

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The More Information Window for the SpIprobe displays information specifically related to monitoring equipment. In addition to the name and the name on the map, this window includes the IP address and alarm profile assigned to the SpIprobe. The Package IP address fields display configuration information related to specific installed applications. The Monitored Nodes field displays the name of any nodes monitored by the selected SpIprobe. 10. Click on Close to close the SpIprobe More Information Window. 11. Leave the Tejas Map Window open for the next lab.
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Network Status Map Views

Maps can be assigned View options, or filters, that display only certain elements on the map. Multiple views can be created and used on multiple maps. Each user can set a default view for each map and for their user ID. Setting a default view affects the current map. Default Views can be Current View, No View, or Fallback View. If a Fallback View is set in the View Editor, it is used for maps without assigned Default Views for that user ID. The Fallback View can be assigned as the Default View for a map. The Current View option assigns a currently applied map view as the Default View. The Default View can be set as No View for a map, meaning that no view filters are applied. Users can access all configured views, views defined by other members of their System Administration group, or views defined by their own user ID. When a view is applied to a map, it will display in the title bar next to the map name in the open map window (Figure 5.14).

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View Name
Figure 5.14 - Tejas Map with View
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View Editor Window

To access the Map View Editor, select the Views option from the Editors pull-down Menu. The View Editor Window appears.
View Name File Menu
Available View Options
View Option Toggle Buttons
Apply/Remove View Buttons
Defined Views List
View Linkset Toggle Buttons
Add/Delete View Buttons
View Node Toggle Buttons
Apply View Button
Figure 5.15 - View Editor Window

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View Editor Window Definitions The View Editor fields used to define views are summarized below. The File pull-down Menu offers options to print the selected View options or close the View Editor Window. Print prints the selected View options to a text file. Close closes the View Editor Window.
The Options pull-down Menu offers the ability to apply the current view or set a Fallback (default) view. Apply view to current map applies the selected view to the current open map. Remove view from current map removes the applied view from the current open map. Set as Fallback view defines the current selected view as the default view. Unset Fallback view removes the current Fallback view as the default view.
User, Group, All Views Radio Buttons Select which views display in the Defined Views List by user, administration group, or all defined views. Apply/Remove View To/From Current Map applies or removes the selected view to the current map. Defined Views List displays a list of views for User, Group, or All defined views. The list includes the view name and the ID of the user who defined the view. Add/Delete Command Buttons adds a new view or deletes a selected view from the Defined Views list.
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View Name displays the name of a defined view, or define the name of a new view. View Option Toggle Buttons provide the following options: Nodes, Linksets visible when in alarm displays nodes or linksets only when they are in an alarm condition. Node Names Visible removes or display names of nodes or linksets on the network map. Floating Text Visible removes or display text on the map. Visible Node and Linkset types defines which node types and linkset types to display on network maps. Nodes and linksets toggled on will always display, regardless of the Node/Linkset visible when in alarm settings.
Click the Apply button to assign all changes made to the highlighted view, or to add the newly defined view to the Defined Views list.

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Lab 5.3
View Configuration
This lab explains how to configure and apply views, and clarifies the use of various options in the View Editor. 1. Click on the Editors Menu and choose Views. The View Editor Window appears.
Figure 5.16 - View Editor Window
Reminder: A User Group is a group of user accounts. Users belonging to the same User Group share Group Views.
2. Click on the radio button for User Views. If any views were previously defined by the current user, they are displayed in the Defined Views list. 3. Click Add to add a new view. Name it <#SSP> in the View Name field. 4. In the Visible Node Types section of the window, select SSP_Tejas2.
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5. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to add the view to the Defined View list. 6. Select <#SSP> from the Defined Views list. Click the Apply View to Current Map button on the left side of the window to apply this view to the Tejas map. 7. Move the View Editor to the side to see the effects of this view. Notice that only SSP element types are displayed on the map. Notice also that the view name now displays at the top of the map window next to Tejas. 8. Move your mouse back to the View Editor Window. Select the Group Views radio button. Notice that all of the views defined by the class members display in the Defined Views list. 9. Now select the All Views radio button. Notice that all views defined in the GeoProbe network are listed in the Defined Views list. 10. Highlight the view you just created from the Defined Views list. 11. Select the Remove View From Current Map button on the left side of the window. Move the View Editor to the side and notice that all nodes display on the map again. Notice also the header bar for the map has no view applied next to the map name. 12. In the View Editor Window, click the Add button to add another view. 13. Name this view <#lsalarm>. Configure this view as follows: Enable all node types in the Visible node types field Enable all linkset types in the Visible linkset types field Enable Linksets visible when in alarm Leave other options disabled
14. Click the Apply button to add this view to the Defined Views List.

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15. Select Apply View to Current Map and move the View Editor to the side. If any linksets are in alarm, they will be visible. Otherwise, no linksets should be visible on the map. 16. Move your mouse back to the View Editor Window and select the #lsalarm view from the Defined Views list. 17. Select the Remove View From Current Map button on the left side of the window to remove the view from the current map. 18. Choose Close from the File Menu to close the View Editor Window.
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Network State Display

The Network State Display feature allows users to obtain realtime network status information for selected SS7 elements. Users can access information on link, route, and subsystem availability. The Link Status option displays availability of all links within selected linksets, or of all linksets connected to selected nodes. The Route Status option displays availability of network routes for selected nodes, and the Subsystem Status option lists subsystem availability for selected nodes. This feature can be accessed from the Network State Display icon on the SpImain, or from the pop-up action menu of any selected SS7 element. Selecting the State Display option from an action menu immediately launches a status display window for the selected element. If Network State Display is launched from SpImain, the user must first define SS7 elements in a setup window. This would allow the status to be displayed for multiple elements in one display window.

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Network State Display Windows

Click on the Network State Display icon in the SpImain to open the SS7 Status Display Setup Window.
File Menu Radio Buttons
Element Dropbox
Apply Command Button
Figure 5.17 - SS7 Status Display Setup Window
The File pull-down Menu is used for closing the Network State Display Window. The Links, Routes and Subsystems radio buttons are for defining which status window will be displayed. SS7 elements are dragged from the Network Status Map Window into the dropbox. Once the Status Display Setup is defined, the Apply command button launches the selected status display window. The window displays different parameters depending on the element radio button you choose.
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Lab 5.4
Network State Display

In the following lab, we will view the status of several elements on the Tejas network. Ensure that your Tejas Map is open in Network Status Mode. 1. Click on the Network State Display icon from the SpImain. This will open the SS7 Status Display Setup Window as shown in Figure 5.18.
Network State Display Icon
Figure 5.18 - Network Status Display Setup Window
2. Click the Links radio button. 3. Using the middle mouse button, drag and drop the links from Amarillo to El Paso, El Paso to Laredo, and Amarillo to Austin into the Network State Display dropbox.

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4. Click Apply. The Link Status Display Window displays with all of the links listed.
Figure 5.19 - Tejas Link Status Display
5. Move this window to the side of the desktop. 6. Select the El Paso SSP from the Network Status map. Press the right mouse button to access the SSP Action Menu. Notice there are options for Linkset Status, Route Status, and Subsystem Status.
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7. Select the Route Status option. The Route Status Display Window opens. Notice that a Status Display Setup Window did not open. This is because the Route Status Window was launched from an element action menu, and only displays status information for El Paso.
Figure 5.20 - Route Status for El Paso SSP
8. Move this window to the side of the desktop. 9. From the Network Status map, deselect the El Paso SSP, then select the Amarillo STP. Press the right mouse button to access the STP action menu.

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10. Select the Subsystem Status. The Subsystem Status Display Window opens.
Figure 5.21 - Subsystem Status for Amarillo STP
11. After reading the information about the three types of status windows, close the three Network State windows.
Last Update Time
Linksets
Pause/Continue Command Buttons
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Figure 5.22 - Link Status Window
Link Status Display Window The File pull-down Menu is used to print or exit the Link Status Display Window.
The Options pull-down Menu and the window command buttons provide options to pause or continue updates to the current window and open the Linkset List window. When paused, new information is not reported. When Continued, the window updates to the most recent status. The Linkset List window, Figure 5.23, list available linksets.
Figure 5.23 - Linkset List Window
The Last Update Time indicates the time of the last window update. This is done automatically every 5 seconds. It also updates when Continue is selected after updating has been paused. Linkset/Link name displays from the network map configuration. The Link names include the SLC of the link.

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Linkset and Link States are based on availability information from the SpIprobe. If a linkset contains more than one link, each link within the selected linkset will have a separate entry in the Link Status Display Window. The three possible states are: Available indicates the link is in service. Not monitored indicates the SpIprobe recognizes an unmonitored link. For example, in Figure 5.22, Dallas is not monitored, as the link between Amarillo and Dallas is not being monitored by the SpIprobe. However, since Dallas is configured in the GeoProbe database, it is recognized by the SpIprobe. Unknown indicates the link or linkset is unrecognized or inaccessible by the SpIprobe
Level 2 Tx and Level 2 Rx indicates the current state of MTP Level 2. The Monitoring Equipment field lists the monitoring equipment for the link. It gives the name of the SpIprobe and its port assigned to the link.
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Route Status Display The Route Status Display, as shown in Figure 5.24, is updated only when Signalling Network Management Messages related to routing (such at TFPs or TFAs) are detected at the monitored node. Since the Network State Display monitors in real-time, it is possible that no data will appear on the Route Status display until an associated route management message is detected.
Figure 5.24 - Route Status Display Window
The File pull-down Menu is used to print or exit the Route Status Display Window.

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The Options pull-down Menu and the window command button provide options to refresh the current window and open the Node List window. When refreshed, the window updates to the most recent status. The Node List window, Figure 5.25, provides a list of available nodes.
Figure 5.25 - Node List Window
The Last Update Time indicates the time of the last window update. The window is only updated by selecting Refresh, or if new information is available, such as a change in route status. If neither of these actions have occurred, this field will indicate the time the window was opened. Node indicates the name of the appropriate node as defined on the network map. Destination displays the point codes of any nodes in which route management messages have been detected. Linkset displays the linksets attached to that node. Route State displays the status of the route to each node allowed or prohibited.
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Subsystem Status Display The Subsystem Status Display, as shown in Figure 5.26, is updated only when SCCP messages related to subsystem availability (such as SSPs or SSAs) are detected at the monitored node. Since the Network State Display monitors in real-time, it is possible that no data will appear on the Subsystem Status display until an associated subsystem availability message is detected.
Figure 5.26 - Subsystem Status Display window
The File pull-down Menu is used to print or exit the Subsystem Status Display Window.

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The Options pull-down Menu and the window command button provide options to refresh the current window and open the Node List window. When refreshed, the window updates to the most recent status.The Node List window, Figure 5.27, provides a list of available nodes.
Figure 5.27 - Node List Window
The Last Update Time indicates the time of the last window update. The window is only updated by selecting Refresh, or if new information is available, such as a change in subsystem status. If neither of these actions have occurred, this field will indicate the time the window was opened. Node displays the name of the appropriate node as defined on the network map. Affected Point Code displays the point code that was detected in the parameter portion of the SCMG message. The point code will be prohibited or available. SSN displays the integer type for the SCCP Subsystem Number Identifier. State displays the status of the subsystem (available or prohibited).
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Alarm Display
GeoProbe surveillance and performance functions continually monitor the SS7 network for events that may indicate potential problems within the network. If a SpIprobe detects such an event, an alarm is sent to the SpIserver. The SpIserver records and processes the alarm, then distributes the alarm to SpIstations to alert users of potential problems. Alarms can be reported to the user in the Network Status Mode or in the Bulls-eye Window. In the Network Status Mode, visual indications are displayed to the user on network maps. In the Bulls-eye, users are alerted to alarm events by both visual and audible indications. Network Status maps and the Bulls-eye Window both provide access to alarm logs, which provide more detailed information about the alarms. From the alarm logs, users can respond to alarms by acknowledging, clearing, or providing detailed comments about them.
SpIprobe detects a problem such as linkset failure
Alarms are sent to the SpIserver
Alarm distributed to SpIstation User

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Network Status Map Alarm Display

Users monitor the SS7 network by opening network maps in the Network Status Mode. If an alarm event is reported to the SpIstation, users are immediately alerted to the condition by a visual change in open map windows. As discussed previously, map views can be configured to indicate alarm conditions by displaying certain map elements only if they are in an alarm state. If a user chooses to display map elements all of the time, alarms are also indicated to the user by a change in colors on the network map. Depending on the status of the alarm, the element can flash between two colors. For example, assume the following color settings for a linkset failure alarm in the Tejas network: Linkset in-service = green Linkset failure alarm = red Unacknowledged linkset alarm = gray While the linkset is in service, it will appear green on the network map. However, if a linkset failure alarm is detected, the colors can change based on the following table:
Table 5.1 - Link Alarm Color Example
Linkset Alarm Status

Uncleared, Unacknowledged Uncleared, Acknowledged Cleared, Unacknowledged Cleared, Acknowledged
Linkset Color
flashes between RED and GRAY solid RED solid GRAY solid GREEN (inservice)
Note: Alarm weights and colors on the Bullseye are affected by a text file, as discussed in the GeoProbe Manager course.
Alarm Colors defined by the GeoProbe Administrator affect how alarms display on network maps. These colors are dependent on the alarm severity, the affected element, and whether the alarm has been cleared or acknowledged. Colors displayed to users are based on user alarm groups.
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Alarm indications on Network Maps can vary for different users. Users belonging to the same User Alarm Group share alarm configuration and display indications. Users are assigned to alarm groups when their accounts are created in the System Administration Mode. Alarm severity levels are assigned by the GeoProbe Administrator when alarms are configured. Alarm severity levels include Informational, Minor, Major, Critical, and Weighted. Informational alarms are normally used for indicating a problem has been corrected, or for automatically clearing other alarms. Minor, Major, and Critical indicate the severity of the alarm. This type of alarm is not cumulative; multiple occurrences of the same type of event do not cause a higher alarm level. Weighted Alarms are assigned alarm weights, or values, rather than a specific severity level, and alarm thresholds are assigned to Minor, Major, and Critical Alarm levels. If the cumulative total of alarm weights for a specific network element meets or exceeds one of these thresholds, an alarm is generated.
Alarm Clear and Acknowledgment Requirements Alarms can be configured to require clearing, acknowledgment, clearing and acknowledgment, or neither. If alarms require acknowledgment or clearing, alarm indications will not change until these actions have been completed. The Alarm Acknowledgment and Clearing processes can both be performed from the alarm log. Alarms requiring clearing can also be automatically cleared by other alarms. IMPORTANT: If a user clears and acknowledges an alarm, network maps will no longer indicate an alarm condition exists. However, clearing and acknowledging alarms on the GeoProbe
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does not correct the actual network problem. It is recommended that alarms not be cleared until the actual problem causing the alarm has been corrected. Alarm Types:
Note: The availability of Embedded Alarms and Statistical Alarm events is based on installed GeoProbe application packages.
Two types of alarms are included with the GeoProbe software, Embedded and Statistical. Embedded Alarms are pre-configured alarms installed with the GeoProbe software. Statistical Alarms are userdefined alarms which can be customized to meet specific needs.
Alarm Logs
When an alarm is displayed to a user, the user must access an alarm log to view detailed information about the alarm. In the alarm log, a user responds to an alarm by clearing, acknowledging, or providing comments about the alarm condition. In the Network Status Mode, alarm logs can be displayed globally, per map, or per element. The Global alarm log displays all alarms for all maps. The Map alarm log displays alarms for the current map. The Element alarm log displays alarms for the selected map element. Global and map alarm logs can be accessed from the Alarms pulldown menu, or from the pop-up Default Action Menu, which is accessed by clicking the right mouse button on the background of an open map window. The element alarm log can only be accessed by selecting the element, then by clicking the right mouse button to get that elements Action Menu.
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Alarm Log Windows

To access the Global Alarm Log, as shown in Figure 5.28, select the Global Alarm Log option from the Alarms Menu in Network Status mode.
Sort Options
Alarm Status Column Number of alarms in log
Figure 5.28 - Global Alarm Log
The File pull-down Menu allows the user to print the alarm log or exit the window.
The Options pull-down Menu defines the options for viewing the alarm log. The Actions pull-down Menu contains the options for clearing and acknowledging alarms. The Close command button closes the alarm log. The Clr/Ack/Com columns indicate status of cleared, acknowledged, or whether there are comments about the alarm. An asterisk (*) in the appropriate column indicates that the alarm has not been cleared or acknowledged or has comments.

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Note: Clicking on the Category, Type, Time, or Element titles define the sort order of the alarm log.
Category displays the alarm severity for the alarm being reported. Type displays the alarm number representing the alarm reported. Time displays the day, date, and time the alarm was detected by the system. Primary Element displays the primary network element affected by the event. Message displays a brief description of what the alarm means.
Alarm Log View Options

When an alarm log is first accessed, it defaults to displaying alarms that are Uncleared or Unacknowledged and sorts by time. All alarms are still stored in the system but only the selected alarms are displayed in the alarm log. Users can specify which alarms to display in the alarm log based on the clear and acknowledge status of alarms. Alarm Log View Options, as seen in Figure 5.29, are accessed by selecting View from the Alarm Log Options Menu.
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Displayed state alarms
Sort options
Command Buttons Figure 5.29 - Alarm Log View Options
Clear State toggle buttons allow users to view Cleared alarms, Uncleared alarms, or set to Dont Care to view all alarms. Ack State toggle buttons allow users to view Acknowledged alarms, Unacknowledged alarms, or set to Dont Care to view all alarms. Operator defines the relationship between the Clear and Ack states of alarms to view in the Alarm Log: OR displays alarms that match either the Clear OR Ack OR both state settings AND displays alarms that match both the Clear AND Ack state settings X-OR (Exclusive OR) displays alarms that have either been Cleared OR Acknowledged, but not both.

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For example, if the Cleared and Unacknowledged radio buttons are selected, the operators would display alarms based on the following alarm states:
Table 5.2 - Operator Definitions for Sample Alarm Log
Clear State
Cleared Cleared Uncleared Uncleared
Ack State
OR Operator - Display in Log?

Yes - one match Yes - both match No - no match Yes - one match
AND Operator Display in Log?

No - both do not match Yes - both match No - both do not match No - both do not match
X-OR Operator Display in Log?

No - both match Yes - one match Yes - one match No - no match
Acknowledged Unacknowledged Acknowledged Unacknowledged
Sort By allows the user to sort the alarms in the alarm log by the time they occurred, the element they occurred on, the alarm category, or the alarm type (number).
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Expanded Alarm
Any alarm in the alarm log can be expanded to provide further details about the selected alarm. To expand an alarm, as seen in Figure 5.30, select it with the right mouse button and doubleclick.
Alarm Status
Alarm Information
Alarm Comments
Figure 5.30 - Expanded Alarm Window
The File pull-down Menu contains an option to close the Expanded Alarm Window. Alarm Status indicates whether an alarm has been cleared or acknowledged. The associated Clear or Acknowledge command buttons at the bottom of the expanded alarm window will be grayed out if the action has already been performed. Alarm Information fields contain the Alarm Number, Time, Category and Message the same as displayed in the alarm log. Alarm Source identifies the monitoring equipment that detected the alarm. The SP, Linkset, and Link name fields identify all affected network elements.
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The Enter Comments field allows a user to add comments about an alarm. Because alarms can be displayed to multiple users, this field provides a way to communicate to other users if any actions, such as trouble-reporting or troubleshooting, have already been taken in response to an alarm. The Close Command button closes the Expanded Alarm window and returns to the alarm log.
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Lab 5.5
Working with Network Status Alarm Logs

The purpose of this lab is to familiarize students with the procedures required for viewing, clearing, and acknowledging alarms. From the Network Status Mode, be sure the Tejas map is open, and close any other open windows.
Note: Aging alarms refers to the process by which the SpIserver deletes all cleared alarms older than a specified period. The default period is three days. If the default aging period is used, the Global Alarm Log will show all alarms generated within the last two days.
1. Choose Global Alarm Log, as shown in Figure 5.31, from the Alarms Menu. The Global Alarm Log displays for the entire GeoProbe system.
Header for Global Alarm Log Alarm Status Column Number of alarms in log
Figure 5.31 - Global Alarm Log Window

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2. With your left mouse button, click on the map background to clear any selected elements. Click your right mouse button to access the Default Actions menu, and select Map Alarm Log. The Map Alarm Log Window displays as shown in Figure 5.32.
Title Bar
Figure 5.32 - Map Alarm Log
Notice the title bar of the Map Alarm Log displays the name of the open network map. The Map Alarm Log only displays alarms for the current open map window. 3. With your left mouse button, select the linkset between El Paso and Laredo. Click the right mouse button to display the Linkset Actions menu. Notice this menu only displays options available for Linksets. Select the Linkset Alarms option. The Network Element Alarm Log window appears as shown in Figure 5.33.
Title Bar
Figure 5.33 - Network Element Alarm Log
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The title bar of the Network Element Alarm Log displays the name of the network element. Alarm logs for other network elements would display similarly. Network Element Alarm Logs only display alarms for the selected map element. 4. Click on the Close command button of the Network Element Alarm Log. Bring the Global Alarm Log window to the front, and close it also. The remainder of this lab will be completed in the Map Alarm Log Window. 5. Move your mouse to the Map Alarm Log window. From the Options Menu, select View. The View Options Window displays.
Figure 5.34 - View Options Window
6. Set alarm viewing options to display Dont Care for the Clear and Ack States, and set the Operator to OR. Set the Sort By option to Type. This will display all alarms, regardless of their Clear or Acknowledge state. The alarms will be sorted by Type. Click on OK to close the View Options Window, and notice how alarms are sorted in the Map Alarm Log Window. Also, notice that more alarms are displayed in the alarm log, since all map alarms are displayed. 7. In the Map Alarm Log, click on the Category title to sort alarms by category. Notice alarms are now displayed based on Alarm Category.

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8. You can expand an alarm to view information, clear it, or add comments to it. Double click on one of the alarms in the Map Alarm Log. The alarm is displayed in the Expanded Alarm Window, shown in Figure 5.35.
Alarm Status
Alarm Information
Alarm Comments
Figure 5.35 - Expanded Alarm Window
If the alarm has already been acknowledged, this will appear above the alarm information, and the Acknowledge button at the bottom of the window will be grayed out. If the alarm has not been cleared or acknowledged, both buttons are available. 9. Click on the Enter Comments button. The Alarm Comment Window displays as shown in Figure 5.36.
Figure 5.36 - Alarm Comment Window
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10. Click in the Alarm Comment box. The I-beam cursor starts flashing, indicating text can be entered. Enter the following comment: Maintenance is researching this problem. Click on OK to close the Alarm Comments Window. 11. Click on the Clear and Acknowledge buttons if the alarm has not been cleared or acknowledged. 12. Click on the Close button to return to the alarm log. The alarm should NOT have an asterisk in the Clear or Ack columns, but there should be an asterisk in the comment column, since you entered a comment about the alarm. 13. Find an alarm in the alarm log that has not been acknowledged. There will be an asterisk (*) in the Ack column. With your left mouse button, click on the alarm. Find another unacknowledged alarm and click on it to select it. 14. From the Actions Menu, choose the Acknowledge Selected Option. When the alarm window displays, the alarms you selected should no longer contain an asterisk in the Ack column. 15. Scroll through the alarm log to see alarms that have not been cleared. There will be an asterisk (*) in the Clr column. From the Actions menu, select the Clear All option. Scroll through the alarm log again. All alarms in the alarm log have been cleared. 16. Select View from the Options Menu. In the View Window, select Cleared for the Clear State, Dont Care for the Acknowledged state, and OR for the operator. Click on OK to return to the alarm log. The alarm log now displays only alarms that have been cleared, regardless of their acknowledge state. 17. Click on the Close button to close the Map Alarm Log Window.

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Bulls-eye Alarm Display

The GeoProbe Bulls-eye display simplifies troubleshooting and problem resolution by providing a quick look at the functional areas of the network without having to open the Network Status maps. The Bulls-eye display, as shown in Figure 5.37, can be accessed by selecting the Bulls-eye icon from SpImain. If your Bulls-eye has been customized, the areas you see may differ.
Note: Bulls-eye colors, text, and display can be customized by the GeoProbe Manager.
Menu Options
Functional Areas
Command Buttons for Functional Areas
Figure 5.37 - Bulls-eye Window
The Bulls-eye alarm display varies depending on the Alarm Group the user is assigned. The File pull-down Menu offers the option to exit the Bulls-eye window. The Options pull-down Menu is used for setting audible and visible bulls-eye indications. The audible and pop-up options are set by clicking on the desired option to toggle it on or off. These can be saved using Save Options. The Audible option allows you to adjust the number of beeps that sound when the Bullseye changes alarm states. Select Off to turn the Beep option off, or select 1-16 to indicate the number of beeps to sound when the Bullseye changes alarm states.
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The Pop-up option displays a sub-menu, providing options for the Bulls-eye to pop-up in front of other open windows, depending on the alarm level.
The Links, SpIprobe, Network, Mass Call, Services, and Calls command buttons all access detailed alarm information in that area of the network. The default Bulls-eye has three rings containing one or more functional areas. The inner ring indicates link level alarms, the next ring indicates network level alarms, and the outer ring indicates application level alarms. The Bulls-eye can be customized to display other functional areas. Bulls-eye customizing is taught in the GeoProbe Manager course. If an alarm occurs, the associated ring or segment on the Bullseye will indicate an alarm has occurred by changing color. Clicking on the button associated with the area in alarm accesses a Segment Window for the selected ring or segment. The Segment Window breaks the functional area into further segments, which can be used for accessing an alarm log. The default Bulls-eye includes the following segment windows: Links
Figure 5.38 - Links Segment Window

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Network
Test SCCP
Figure 5.39 - Network Segment Window
Mass Call
Figure 5.40 - Mass Calls Segment Window
Services
Figure 5.41 - Services Segment Window
Calls
Figure 5.42 - Calls Segment Window
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Lab 5.6
Displaying Bulls-eye Alarms

This lab focuses on displaying the Bulls-eye alarm. When you complete this lab, you will be able to open the Bulls-eye, select a functional area, and open the segment alarm log. 1. Select the Bulls-eye icon from the SpImain menu. 2. The Bulls-eye displays with the default configuration provided by Inet.
Figure 5.43 - Bulls-eye Window in Alarm
3. If there is a functional area in alarm, click on the button for that area. If not, click on the Links button. The Segment Bulls-eye Window displays.
Segment in Alarm
Access all segment alarm logs
Figure 5.44 - Links and Linksets Segments in Alarm

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The Segment Window is a half-circle broken into segments based on specific types of alarms for the selected functional area. 4. Click on the segment in alarm. If two or more segments are in alarm, click on the center section of the Segment window. This will open an alarm log that displays alarms from all segments in alarm. If there is not a segment in alarm, select any segment to open the alarm log.
Figure 5.45 - Bulls-eye Segment Alarm Log
The features and options in the Bulls-eye alarm logs are similar to those in the Network Status alarm logs, as discussed previously. However, the Bulls-eye alarm logs display alarms related to specific functional areas and segments, rather than to a specific element or map. 5. Select Close from the File Menu to close the alarm log. 6. Move your cursor to the header bar of the Segment Window and click the right mouse. Select Close. 7. Repeat step 3 through step 6 to view Segment Windows and alarm logs for other types of alarms. 8. Choose Exit from the File Menu to close the Bulls-eye Window.
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Chapter 5 Summary: Network Status and Performance Monitoring

Icon and Menu Descriptions
The following sections provide brief descriptions of each SpImain icon and Network Status Mode menu available for Alarm Configuration. SpImain Icons Use the Network Status icon located on the SpImain to access the Network Status.
Use the Network State Display icon in the SpImain to open the SS7 Status Display Setup Window.
Use the Bulls-eye icon to open the Bulls-eye display to provide a quick look at the functional areas of the network without having to open the Network Status maps.

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Editors Menu The Editors Menu accesses windows to define filters, to add or delete point codes from the GeoProbe database, and to define views.
Table 5.3 - Editors Menu
Filters Editors Filters... Point codes... Probe Configuration Groups... Views... Point codes Probe Configuration Groups Opens the Filter Editor Window to create or open Partial SU or Single Field filters. Opens the point code database assignment window to add point codes to the database. Displays a window with GeoProbe Applications listed. From there, displays a window with the associated timers on the SpIprobe. Accesses three windows to define groups of SS7 objects, monitoring equipment, or signalling groups. Defines a new network view, edits existing views, and applies views.
Views
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Alarms Menu The Alarms Menu provides access to all areas of alarm information.
Table 5.4 - Alarms Menu
Alarms SpIprobe Alarms Configure Alarm Events... Weights & Colors Map Alarm Log Global Alarm Log SpIprobe Alarms Configure Alarm Events Weights & Colors Accesses two windows for assigning SpIprobe embedded alarm parameters, and one window for configuration of SpIprobe alarm profiles. Accesses windows for configuration of Statistical Event alarms. Accesses the Alarm Display Window to assign alarm weights. Colors associated with Unacknowledged, Informational, Minor, Major, and Critical status levels are also assigned here. Accesses the Map Alarm Log for viewing all alarms affecting all elements on the current open map. Accesses the Global Alarm Log for viewing all GeoProbe alarms for all elements.
Map Alarm Log Global Alarm Log

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Default Action Menu The Default Actions Menu provides options for copying map objects, accessing alarm logs, and setting map views.
Table 5.5 - Action Menu
Default Actions Copy Selected Obj(s) Map Alarm Log... Global Alarm Log... Apply Default View Deapply Current View Close Window Copy Selected Obj(s) Map Alarm Log... Global Alarm Log... Apply Default View Deapply Current View Close Window Copies selected objects for pasting to other maps or drop boxes. Accesses the Map Alarm Log for viewing all alarms affecting all elements on the current open map. Accesses the Global Alarm Log for viewing all GeoProbe alarms for all elements. Applies the default view to the current map. Removes an assigned view from the current map. Closes the current map window.
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Procedural Flow Charts

The following section includes diagrams for network status and performance monitoring procedures. View Map Alarms
Select node or linkset in alarm
Alarm Log Window
Select Map or Global Alarm Log from the Alarms Menu, or select the element Alarm Log from the element Actions Menu
Select the alarm to clear or acknowledge
Select Clear or Acknowledge from the Action Menu
Double-click on the alarm to expand it Alarm Window Click the Clear or Acknowledge button to clear or acknowledge the alarm

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View Network State Display
Click on the Network State Display icon Network State Display Setup Window
Click links, routes or subsystems radio button
Drag and drop link or node into dropbox
Click OK <Element> Status Display Window
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View Bulls-eye Alarms
Click on the Bull's-eye icon
Bull's-eye Window Select functional area in alarm Functional Bull's-eye Window Select the segment in alarm
Segment Alarm Log Window Select the alarm(s) to clear or acknowledge
Select Clear or Acknowledge from the Action Menu
Double-click on the alarm to expand it Alarm Window
Click the Clear or Acknowledge button to clear or acknowledge the alarm

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Chapter 5 Review: Network Status and Performance Monitoring

Answer the following questions for a review of Chapter 5, Network Status and Performance Monitoring. 1. What does the New/Front option do in the Map Selection Window?_________________________________________ _________________________________________________
2. You can display certain network elements and hide others by setting different ____________________ options.
3. If you wish to know the point code of an element, how would you do this?_______________________________________
4. Why would a network element flash between two colors?___________________________________________
5. This feature allows you to display the state, route, and subsystem status of a link or node:_____________________
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6. Why might two users see the same alarm, but in different colors?___________________________________________
7. Name two ways to acknowledge alarms:________________ _________________________________________________
8. If a GeoProbe user clears an alarm, does that mean the problem has been solved?____________________________
9. Identify the benefits of adding comments to the expanded alarm display:_____________________________________ _________________________________________________
10. The ____________________ displays alarms based on network functionality.

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Network Performance Statistics and Reports

This chapter explains how to work with Performance Monitoring Statistics and Historical Reports.
Objectives
Configure and view Real-time Statistics Discuss how to display Behavioral Statistics Explain how to generate Historical Reports

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Statistics and Reporting Applications

The GeoProbe Network Performance Monitoring applications provide options for the collection and display of real-time and historical statistical data. The Real-time Statistics and Behavioral Statistics applications provide statistical data that can be displayed to SpIstation users in real-time. Historical Statistics are displayed to users through Historical Reports. Users generate reports using the Historical Statistics Reports feature. This chapter discusses how to work with Real-time Statistics, Behavioral Statistics, and Historical Reports.
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List of Labs
Lab 6.1 Lab 6.2 Lab 6.3 Lab 6.4 Lab 6.5 Lab 6.6 Lab 6.7 Display Real-Time Statistics Plot Graph .... 6-14 Display Real-Time Statistics Peg Count and Bar Graphs.......................................... 6-21 Saving and Recalling the Display Configuration.............................................. 6-26 Display Behavioral Statistics Status Core SS7.................................................... 6-36 Open a Universe ........................................ 6-41 Generate a Historical Report...................... 6-45 Duplicate and Modify a Report................... 6-51

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Real-Time Statistics
The Real-Time Statistics function allows users to view counts for specific network elements in real- time as either a plot graph, a bar graph, or as individual counts. Users can configure the counts to display, the network elements from which to collect the counts, and the appearance of the graphs. Real-Time Statistics can also be saved for later viewing.
Real-Time Statistics Icon
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Real-Time Statistics Setup Window

To access Real-Time Statistics, select Real-Time, then Configure, from the Network Status Mode Statistics Menu, or click on the Real-Time Stats SpImain Icon. The Real-Time Statistics Setup Window displays.
Stats Scope toggle buttons
Stats Package option button
Stats Display Parameters
Stats Category List
Statistics Object Display Area
Statistics Element Drop Box
Figure 6.1 - Real-Time Statistics Setup Window
Use the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window to configure the particular statistic to display.

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The File pull-down Menu provides options for saving, recalling or deleting Real-Time Statistics configuration files, resetting or printing the current configuration, and for exiting the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window.
The Options pull-down Menu provides an option for deleting Statistical Objects from the current configuration. Select the Stats Package from an option menu for which to configure statistics. Package availability is based on installed applications. Use the Stats Scope Toggle Buttons to select the scope of the statistics. The options to display are: Link Linkset Node SpIprobe Signalling Group
Note: The Signalling Group element will only display statistics for the Country Code package.
The scope controls what statistics display. For example, if a user selects link for the scope, only those statistics in the package that concern links would display. More than one option can be selected for scope. If a user wishes to display all the statistics in a package, all of the toggle buttons for scope can be selected. Click the Add Command button to add a Statistical Object based on the selected Statistical Category. The selected statistic appears in the Statistics Object Display Area.
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The Statistics Object Display Area displays added statistical objects. The user will then drag and drop network elements into the Statistics Element drop box for which the statistic will apply. More than one statistic can be selected to display in the Real-Time Statistics Window. Statistics Display Parameters determine the display of the Real-Time Statistics Window. Unset the Default Rate toggle button to use a different accumulation rate (in seconds) other than the default accumulation rate of 5 seconds. Define the new value in the field above the toggle button. The accumulation rate defines how often the RealTime Statistics graph is updated. The Data Mode Radio Button allows users to click on the Absolute or Per Second button to set the Data Mode. This option only applies to Plot and Bar Graphs. Per Second: Graphs are based on the average per-second difference of counts for each accumulation period. Absolute: Graphs are based on the difference between the previous total count from the current total count, the actual sample count.
Table 6.1 provides an example of how values are calculated for Absolute and Per Second Data Modes.
Table 6.1- Data Mode Calculations
Accumulation Period = 5 seconds

Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4
Current Total Count

50 74 135 214
Previous Total Count

0 50 74 135
Absolute Value (Delta)

50 24 61 79 (50-0) (74-50) (135-74) (214-135)
Per Second Value per-second average (delta/accum. rate)

10 4.8 12.2 15.8 (50/5) (24/5) (61/5) (79/5)

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The History field allows users to enter the hours and minutes (24 hours maximum) for which data will be retained in the buffer for the statistics selected. This is the period for which users can view the graphed data by scrolling back in the Stats Graph Window. The history can also be defined from the Resources Menu in the Real-Time Stats Graph Window. The Plot, Peg Counts and Bar Graph Radio Buttons allow users to click on one of the Graph radio buttons to select the type of graph to display.
Click the Apply button to apply the configuration and start accumulating the real-time statistics. This opens the RealTime Stats Graph Window.
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Real-Time Stats Graph Windows

The type of graph displayed is determined by the option selected from the radio buttons above the Statistics Element Display. The options for the type of graph displayed can also be changed at any time from the Display Menu of the Real-Time Stats Graph Window. Depending on the selected graph type, the statistics display in one of the Real-Time Stats Graph Windows, shown in Figure 6.2, Figure 6.3, and Figure 6.4. Plot Graph This option displays the statistics as a plot graph. The x-axis represents the time, and the y-axis represents the value. Values plotted are based on the selected Data Mode.
y-axis
x-axis
Figure 6.2 - Real- Time Stats Graph Window - Plot Graph

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Peg Counts Peg Counts display total accumulated event counts. These are incremented at each accumulation period.
Figure 6.3 - Real -Time Stats Graph Window - Peg Counts
Bar Graph The Bar Graph provides a three-dimensional statistics graph. The lowest of the two numbers represents the most recent accumulation period values, and the high value at the end of each bar represents the maximum values reached for any accumulation period. Values are based on the selected Data Mode. In Figure 6.4 the x-axis represents the count, and the y-axis represents the network element. Graph orientation, planes, and appearance can be modified from the Resources menu, as explained in Lab 6.2.
y-axis
x-axis
Figure 6.4 - Real -Time Stats Graph Window - Bar Graph

6 - 10 GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5) Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information
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Real-Time Stats Graph Menu Options Once the statistics display in any of the graph windows, the following actions are available from the pull-down menus. The File menu allows the statistics display to be printed or saved to a file, or exit from the Real-Time Stats Graph Window. Open Data opens an existing data file. Save Data saves the displayed graph to a file. Save Data As saves the displayed graph to a new file with a different name than a previously saved version. Delete Data accesses a dialog box to choose previously saved data to delete. Print prints the displayed graph to a printer. Exit exits from the Real-Time Stats Graph window.

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Use the Display menu to set the current display to Plot Graph, Bar Graph, or Peg Counts. This option does not open up a new window, but replaces the current window display.
The Data menu provides options to pause and clear displayed data. Use Pause Data to pause and resume data display. When this menu option is selected, no statistical data is counted or appended to the display. A small toggle button next to the menu option indicates that data display is paused. Click on the toggle button again to resume data display. Use Global Reset to clear all data from the graph in the active window, then continue graphing new data.
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The Graph Resources menu allows the appearance of the graph to be defined, including the presence of the X and Y axes, the presence of a legend, the presence and appearance of a background grid for the X and Y axes, appearance of the bars in bar graphs, the time interval and time period for which statistics are graphed. When the Graph Resources option is selected from the Resources menu, either the Stats Plot Graph Resources window or the Stats Bar Graph Resources window appears, depending on the type of graph display selected.
Figure 6.5 - Plot Graph Resources Window

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Lab 6.1
Display Real-Time Statistics Plot Graph

This lab focuses on the steps to display Real-Time Statistics in a plot graph. 1. In Network Status mode, choose Real-Time from the Statistics Menu. Choose Configure from the Real-Time Statistics submenu. You may also click on the Real-Time Statistics icon on the SpImain. The Real-Time Statistics Setup Window appears.
Network Status Mode Menu
SpImain Icon
Stats Scope toggle buttons
Stats Package option button
Stats Display Parameters
Stats Category List
Statistics Object Display Area
Statistics Element Drop Box
Figure 6.6 - Real -Time Statistics Setup Window
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2. Click the Stats Package option button and choose Core SS7 from the options menu. Core SS7 statistics are displayed in the statistics category list. 3. Click the toggle button next to Link to display only Core SS7 statistics for links. If the toggle buttons next to Linkset, Node, SpIprobe, and Signalling Groups are selected, toggle these options off. When you have specified these options, the relevant statistics categories display in the Statistics Category list. 4. In the Statistics Category List, click Link: FISU Count in the list to select it. Scroll down through the list with the scroll bar if it is not visible. You can only select one statistic at a time. 5. Click Add to add the statistics category to the Statistics Object Display area, the empty area on the right side of the window. The FISU Count stats object is listed by name in this area. The window next to its name is a drop box. Other statistics you add to the Statistics Object Display area display in the same Stats Graph window as the FISU Counts. 6. To view statistics for particular nodes, links, linksets, or signalling groups, you must specify these network elements. To specify the links for the FISU counts, click the El Paso to Amarillo link and El Paso to Laredo link on the network map. Drag the linksets to the Element drop box and release the mouse button when the drag and drop icon is above the drop box for the FISU Counts. Different network elements can be dragged and dropped onto the drop box for each statistics category, or the same network elements can be selected for each statistic.
Drag and Drop Icon

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7. Repeat step 4 through step 6 to add Link: MSU Count to the Statistics Object Display area. When youre finished, the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window should match Figure 6.7.
Figure 6.7 - Real -Time Statistics Setup for Tejas
8. In the FISU Count Statistics Element drop box, click the El Paso-Laredo link with the left mouse button. Then click the right mouse to display the pop-up menu.
Figure 6.8 - Item Action Menu
9. From the pop-up Item Action Menu, choose Delete Selected. The El Paso-Laredo links are deleted.
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10. Move the mouse pointer over the Link: FISU Count label, then click the right mouse button to display the pop-up menu.
Figure 6.9 - Stats Object Item Menu
11. From the pop-up menu, select Delete this stats object. The Link: FISU Count object is deleted from the Statistics Object Display area. 12. Repeat step 4 through step 6 to re-assign the Link: FISU Count to the Statistics Object Display area. When all statistic categories and network elements have been selected, define the parameters to set up the statistics display. These are located in the upper right side of the screen above the Statistics Object Display area. These parameters apply to all selected statistics and network elements. 13. Click the Default Rate toggle button to select the default accumulation rate for the FISU and MSU counts. The accumulation rate can also be set from the Resources menu in the Real-Time Stats Graph window. 14. Select Per Second for the Data Mode. 15. Enter 0 hours and 45 minutes in the History field. This is the period for which data will be retained in the buffer for the statistics selected. That is, the period for which you can view the graphed data by scrolling back in the Stats Graph window. The history can also be defined from the Resources menu in the Real-Time Stats Graph window. 16. Click the Plot Graph toggle button to display the statistics as a plot graph.

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17. After all parameters have been defined, click the Apply button to display the selected statistics in a Real-Time Stats Graph Window.
Figure 6.10 - Real-Time Stats Graph Window -Plot Graph
The Plot Graph displays each of your statistics as an individual line associated with each linkset. Find the color for the El Paso-Amarillo linkset FISU count and then follow it on the graph. Each element will display in a different color for each statistic selected. 18. From the Resources Menu, click on Graph Resources option to display the Plot Graph Resources Window.
Figure 6.11 - Stats Plot Graph Resources Window
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19. To show a background grid for the graph, click on toggle buttons Show X Grids and/or Show Y Grids at the top of the Graph Resources window. Selecting Show X Grids will display the vertical gridlines. Selecting Show Y Grids will show the horizontal gridlines. Select both to show a complete grid. The width of the gridlines is determined by the Line Width field below the toggle buttons. Only integer values from 1 to 9 are allowed. Use the arrows to the right of the Line Width box to toggle the width up or down. 20. The Line Pattern box shows the pattern of the gridlines. Click on the box to show a pull-down menu of options for line patterns. 21. Select the format for the time displayed on the graph by clicking on the X Axis Time Format button. The options are Min:Sec or Hour:Min:Sec. Select Min:Sec. 22. Choose to show a legend by clicking on the Show Legend toggle button. The legend is shown below the graph. 23. Choose to show a border around the top and right sides of the graph by clicking on the Show Axis Bounding Box toggle button. Clicking on it again removes the border and shows only the X and Y axes. Leave the border on. 24. The Display Time Interval is the length of time in seconds for which data is displayed simultaneously in the graph window (the time duration from the left side to the right side of the window without scrolling back). Enter 60 seconds, and press Return or click on Apply. 25. The history field is the length of time for which data is displayed in the scrollable region of the graph window (the total time duration if you scroll from the furthest point on the left to the furthest point on the right). The history field should display 0 hours and 45 minutes because you entered it in step 15.

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Note: You can also enter the hours and minutes on the Real-Time Statistics Setup screen when you first define the graph parameters.
26. When all parameters have been defined, click Close.
27. Select File, then Save Data As to save the data from this Real-Time Statistics session.
Figure 6.12 - Save Stats Data File
28. Enter <#data> to name your saved session. You can then recall this Real-time session at a later date for printing or analysis. Click on the OK button to save and close the Save Stats Data Files Window. Leave the Plot Graph Window open for the next lab.
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Lab 6.2
Display Real-Time Statistics Peg Count and Bar Graphs

This lab focuses on the procedures for configuring statistics to display in a peg count or in a bar graph. The Real-Time Statistics Plot Graph Window should be open and displaying the FISU and MSU counts for the El Paso-Amarillo and El Paso-Laredo linksets. If not, refer to Lab 6.1 to set up the Plot Graph Window. 1. From the Plot Graph Display Menu, click on the Peg Counts option. The Plot Graph changes to a Peg Count Statistics Display.
Figure 6.13 - Real-Time Statistics Peg Count
2. The menu options available in the Peg Count Window are identical to the Plot Graph, except that you cannot change the appearance of the Peg Count Graph. The Resources Menu is grayed out.

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3. From the Peg Counts Display Menu, select Bar Graph. The real- time statistics running are now displayed in a bar graph.
Figure 6.14 - Bar Graph Statistics Window
4. Select Graph Resources from the Resources Menu. The Stats Bar Graph Resources window appears.
Figure 6.15 - Stats Bar Graph Resources Window
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5. To choose to show a background grid for the graph, click on the toggle buttons Show X Grids and/or Show Y Grids at the top of the Graph Resources window. Selecting Show X Grids will display the vertical gridlines. Selecting Show Y Grids will show the horizontal gridlines. Select both to show a complete grid. The width of the gridlines is determined by the Line Width field below the toggle buttons. 6. Use the arrows to the right of the Line Width box to toggle the width up or down. 7. The Line Pattern box shows the pattern of the gridlines. Click on the box to show a pull-down menu of options for line patterns. The next section of the window configures the 3D appearance of the bars in the bar graph. All of the fields control the Z dimension of the bar graph.
Z-dimension Y-axis
FISU Octets/sec: ElP-Ama-00 FISU Octets/sec: Ama-ElP-00 0 1000 2000
6531 6571 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
X-plane
X-axis
Y-plane
Figure 6.16 - Sample Bar Graph

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Note: You can enter numbers in the fields in the 3D Effect section of the window directly, or use the up and down arrow buttons next to the field to move the value in the field up or down in 1 unit increments each time you click on the button.
8. Enter a number in the Depth field to determine the depth of the Z dimension of the bars. A larger number will make the bars appear wider in the Z dimension. If 0 is entered in this field, the graph has no Z dimension, and the Inclination and Rotation fields discussed below have no effect. 9. Enter a number in the Inclination field to determine the degree of rotation in the Z dimension around the X axis. This field affects the apparent slant of the bars towards the user. Entering 0 depicts the bars as horizontal to the X plane; entering a larger number increases the slant towards the Y plane. The number entered must be between 0 and 45. 10. Enter a number in the Rotation field to determine the degree of rotation in the Z dimension around the Y axis. This field affects the extent to which the graph appears to be turned towards the user. Entering 0 depicts the graph as flat along the Y plane; entering a larger number rotates the graph in a clockwise direction towards the front of the screen. The number entered must be between 0 and 45. 11. Click on the Invert Orientation toggle button to invert the bars from horizontal to vertical. Clicking on the toggle button again will return the graph to its previous orientation. 12. Click on the Show Peak Values toggle button to show the peak values for the selected statistics on the graph. These values are shown in a contrasting color. 13. Click on the Show Axis Bounding Box toggle button to show a border around the graph on the top and right sides. Click on it again to remove the border and show only the X and Y axes at the bottom and left of the graph. The width of the bars along the Y axis (or the X axis if the Invert Orientation button is on) is determined by the Bar Cluster Width field. The number entered in this field is the percentage of the width allotted to each cluster or value represented by a bar that is taken up by the bar itself. If, for example, you enter 100%, each bar will take up 100% of the space potentially available for it, and there will be no space between the bars. They will abut each other along the Y axis. The bar cluster width must be between 10 and 100%.
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14. Each parameter is applied as soon as the values for it are entered. When all parameters have been defined, click the Close button to close the Stats Bar Graph Resources window. 15. From the File Menu, select Exit to return to the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window. Leave this window open for the next lab.

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Lab 6.3
Saving and Recalling the Display Configuration

Once the Real-Time Statistics display configuration parameters are set, you can save the settings and recall them for later monitoring sessions. Saving the display configuration saves the network elements and the parameters selected to a file. You can then open the file to apply the previous settings to a new monitoring session. The configuration defined in Lab 6.2 should still be displayed in the Real-Time Stats Setup Window. If not, configure according to Figure 6.17.
Figure 6.17 - Real-Time Stats Setup Window for Tejas
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1. In the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window, select Save Data from the File Menu. The Save Stats Config File window appears.
Figure 6.18 - Save Stats Config Files Window
You can specify the location for the saved configuration file by entering the path and file name in the Selection field, or by searching for the correct path. 2. Verify the path. It should end with /username/stats/config/*. If you are unsure if it is correct, ask your instructor for assistance. Enter the file name <#config> after the path name in the field at the bottom of the screen. 3. Click on the OK button to save the configuration file and close the Save Stats Config Files Window. After you have saved a file once, selecting Save from the File Menu will not bring up the Save Configuration window, but will save the configuration directly to the file you specified previously. If you want to save the configuration in a new configuration file, choose Save As from the File Menu and give the file a new name and/or path.

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4. In the Real-Time Stats Setup Window select Open from the File Menu. The Open Stats Config File Window displays.
Figure 6.19 - Open Stats Config File Window
5. Verify the path. It should end with /username/stats/config/*. If you are unsure if it is correct, ask your instructor for assistance. Open the file you saved previously, <#config>. The Real-Time Stats Setup Window opens.
Figure 6.20 - Real-Time Stats Setup Window
6. Click on Apply to display the Real-Time Stats Graph Window.
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7. Now recall the data file you saved in Lab 6.1. In the Real-Time Stats Graph Window, select Open Data from the File Menu. The Open Graph Data File Window displays.
Figure 6.21 - Open Graph Data Files Window
8. Click on the <#data> file you saved previously. The Plot Graph Window opens.
Figure 6.22 - Saved Plot Graph Window
9. Close all Real-Time Stats Graph Windows and return to the Tejas Network Status map.

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Behavioral Statistics
Behavioral Statistics provide real-time statistics of network elements with the highest or lowest counts of specified statistical events. This allows for easy identification of the best or worst performing elements throughout the entire network. Behavioral Statistics Profiles are configured by the GeoProbe Administrator and are saved to the GeoProbe Database. Saved Profiles can be accessed to display Behavioral Statistics in realtime. Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window To access the Behavioral Statistics Status Window, click on the Behavioral Statistics Icon from SpImain. The Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window displays.
Enabled Indicator Profile Description
File and Action Menus
Behavioral Statistics
Command Button
Figure 6.23 - Behavioral Statistics Configuration
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The Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window displays the name of configured Behavioral Statistics Profiles, whether profiles are enabled, and profile descriptions. The Actions Menu provides options for viewing the Behavioral Statistics Configuration or the Behavioral Statistics Status Window. Behavioral Statistics Configuration <StatsType> Window To access the Behavioral Statistics Configuration <StatsType> Window, select a statistic, then select View Selected from the Actions Menu, or click on the View button. The Behavioral Statistics Configuration <StatsType> Window displays.
Name Description Enable Toggle Button Data Sampling Rate Maximum Rows
Command Button
Screen Refresh Rate
Figure 6.24 - Behavioral Statistics Configuration <StatsType> Window
The Title Bar displays the Scope and Stats Type used for configuring the statistic.
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The Name and Description display below the Title Bar. If the Enable button is On, a check (4) appears. This enables statistics to be displayed for the profile. The Ordering option defines whether the statistics will display elements with the highest or lowest statistical counts. The Highest setting displays elements with the highest counts in descending order. The Lowest setting displays elements with the lowest counts in ascending order.
The Data Sampling Rate defines the duration of time that counts are accumulated. The Data Sampling Rate can be set for 30 to 3600 seconds. The total value of counts at the end of each Sample are displayed in the Status Window when the Status Window is refreshed. Data counts reset and start over at the end of each Sample.
The Screen Refresh Rate defines how often the Behavioral Statistics Status Screen is updated. The Screen Refresh updates the screen to the counts from the last complete Sample Window.
Maximum Rows per SpIprobe defines how many rows of information are accepted from each SpIprobe. The SpIstation merges all rows received from all SpIprobes, and displays them as statistics in the Behavioral Statistics Status Window. Depending on the package and application, some profiles include Filters. Filters further qualify the types of statistical counts to display for the profile.
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Each horizontal row, or individual Filter, acts like an AND; all settings must match. Each vertical row, or added filter, acts like an OR; only one set of filter settings must match. Light buttons in Filter assignments are not filters. These settings affect the available options for the specific filter parameters.
The Close button closes the Behavioral Statistics Configuration <StatsType> Window and returns to the Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window. Behavioral Statistics Status Window The Behavioral Statistics Status Windows are accessed from the Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window. To access the Behavioral Statistics Status Window, select a Behavioral Statistics Profile that is ON, then double-click, or select Show Statistics from the Actions Menu. The Behavioral Statistics Status Window opens.
Start/Update Time, Sample Rate
Statistics Display
Command Buttons
Figure 6.25 - Behavioral Statistics Status Window
The Title Bar of the Behavioral Statistics Status Window displays the name of the profile.
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The File pull-down menu provides options for printing or closing the Behavioral Statistics Status Window.
Select one of the Actions pull-down menu options to pause, continue, or reset the current window statistics. The display can also be paused and continued using the command buttons. Pausing does not stop statistical counters, but freezes the display. If the display is paused, select Continue to update the counters. Counts accumulated during the pause will then be updated to the display, and updates will then continue as defined. Reset updates the window with the latest available statistics. It also resets the Start Time and Last Update Time.
The Start Time field indicates when the current status session was initiated or reset. The Last Update Time field indicates the last time the display was updated or reset. This value changes automatically based on the Screen Refresh Rate defined when the Behavioral Statistic is configured. This value also changes if the Reset option is selected from the Actions menu. The Data Sampling Rate field indicates the rate at which statistical counts are taken. This field is defined when the Behavioral Statistic is configured. The Behavioral Statistics List containing the Statistics Scope and Type displays below the Data Sampling Rate. In the Statistics Field, network elements with either the highest or lowest counts are displayed, along with the count of events. Behavioral Statistics are based on highest or lowest counts from all defined network elements. The number of elements displayed
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in the list depends on the number of SpIprobes monitoring the network, and how many records are requested from each SpIprobe. Counts of objects display based on the ordering setting. If counts display in descending order, the highest counts are being reported. If counts display in ascending order, the lowest counts are being reported. Behavioral Statistic Configuration is discussed in the GeoProbe Administration Training Course. For additional information on Behavioral Statistics, refer to the SpIstation User Guide.

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Lab 6.4
Display Behavioral Statistics Status - Core SS7

This lab defines the procedures for displaying Behavioral Statistics. 1. From SpImain, select the Behavioral Statistics icon. The Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window opens (Figure 6.26).
Figure 6.26 - Behavioral Statistics Configuration
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2. From the Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window, select a Profile that is enabled, then click the View button. The Behavioral Statistics Configuration <Stats Type> Window displays.
Figure 6.27 - Behavioral Statistics Configuration <StatsType> Window
3. Note the settings for the displayed profile, then click Close to return to the Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window. 4. From the Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window, double-click on the profile you just viewed. The Behavioral Statistics Status Window displays.
Figure 6.28 - Behavioral Statistics Status Window

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5. It may take a few moments for the Behavioral Statistics Status Window to display statistics, depending on the Sample Rate and Screen Refresh Rate. Once statistics display, note the Stats Scope and Type, and determine whether this profile is displaying the highest or lowest statistical counts. 6. Click on the Pause Button, and note the Last Update Time. The Window will not update again until the Continue button is selected. Click the Continue Button, and notice the Last Update Time has changed to the current time. 7. From the Actions Menu, select Reset. Notice the Start and Last Update times reset to the current time. 8. Exit the Behavioral Statistics Application.
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Historical Statistics Reports

The GeoProbe can generate on-demand reports of statistics that are recorded and stored over a period of time. Historical Statistics are configured by the GeoProbe Administrator when the GeoProbe database is configured. These statistics define the Applications, Stats Scopes, Stats Types, Stats Counters, and Network Elements to be stored for Historical Reports. The types of Historical Statistics that can be configured are the same as those available in Real-Time Statistics and Behavioral Statistics, based on installed applications. Historical Statistics are stored using a third-party database program named Oracle. Historical Reports are generated using a third-party reports application, Business Objects. Pre-defined Business Object Universes, Queries and Reports are included with the Historical Statistics Reports application. The following Universes are available on GeoProbe:

CORE SS7 HSPROBE GEO-CFG HS-GSM HS-PCS HS-ISUP HS-MTP HS-800 HS-INAP HS-LIDB
HS-AIN HS-CLASS HS-NUP HS-SCCP HS-TCAP HS-TUP HS-COUNTRY CODE HS-IS41 HS-CNTRY HS-CCBS

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HS -Italia INAP SQA SU Filters
HS-PCSMAP HS-GSM-A
Business Objects Universes correspond to GeoProbe Packages. Business Objects Classes correspond to GeoProbe Historical Statistics Tables, based on Scope. Figure 6.29 provides an example of the relationship between a Business Objects Report and Historical Statistics.
Table Name Stats Scope Recording Interval and Sample Rate
Statistics counters turned on in Historical Statistics configuration
Figure 6.29 - Formatted Report from Business Objects
Creation and modification of Universes, Queries, and Reports is beyond the scope of this course.
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The purpose of the following labs is to provide familiarization with pre-defined GeoProbe Reports, and to explain the procedures for generating and viewing these reports. For in-depth information on creating and modifying Universes, Queries, and Reports, refer to the Business Objects documentation provided with your GeoProbe system.

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Lab 6.5
Open a Universe
This lab discusses the steps necessary to access BusinessObjects and open the Core SS7 Universe. In addition, you will run a query and view the report online. 1. Select the Historical Statistics Reports icon from the SpImain Menu. The Business Objects Window displays.
Figure 6.30 - BusinessObjects Entry Point Window
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2. Select Open Universe from the File Menu. A list of available universes are displayed in the Select Universe To Open Window.
Figure 6.31 - Select Universe To Open Window
3. Select the CORE-SS7 universe from the list by clicking on it. Click on OK to open the universe. Or double-click on the name of the universe in the list to open it.

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4. The Core SS7 Universe Window opens. It may take several seconds for your workstation to connect to the Repository, where the universes are stored. A message at the bottom of the window will read Connecting... while this connection takes place.
Execute Query Icon
TOC Query ASC file TOC Report
Query
Report
Figure 6.32 - The Universe Window
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5. If no queries or reports display when the universe is opened, you will need to import them from the network repository. Select Import Query from Repository from the File Menu of the Core SS7 Universe window. The Select Query to Import Window opens.
Figure 6.33 - Select Query to Import
6. Select all queries. To do this, click on the first query in the list. Scroll to the bottom of the list, then hold the Shift key down, and click the last query. All queries should now be selected. 7. Click the Import with Associated Documents button to turn it on, then click OK. The Universe Window displays. An hourglass ( ) will appear in the window until all queries are imported. 8. The Universe will now display Query and Report Files. There are three icons associated with each query in the universe: Each of the queries associated with a table is listed in the Universe Window, represented by a query icon. Reports based on the queries are shown as icons beneath their associated query.

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Queries that have been executed also have an icon for an .ASC file beneath the query icon. The .ASC file is an unformatted tabular representation of the data returned by the query.
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Lab 6.6
Generate a Historical Report

1. Every universe contains a TOC (Table of Contents) query. This will display a list of available queries within the universe. Highlight the TOC query . 2. Run the TOC query by selecting the Execute Query icon from the toolbar. You can also run a query by selecting Execute Query from the File Menu. 3. Double-click on the TOC.E01 report icon. The result is an online report similar to the one in Figure 6.34.
Figure 6.34 - Table of Contents Report for Core SS7 Statistics
The TOC report lists the statistics tables by name and provides the corresponding number and/or name of the query. For example, the TOC report identifies Link Level 2 Statistics as Table # 2 (see Figure 6.34). This means that data from the Link Level 2 Statistics table in the Core SS7 Statistics package can be retrieved by executing the query named CORE7_02.

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4. Choose Close Report from the File Menu to close the TOC report. 5. Select the Core7_02 query and execute it. 6. In order to execute the query, you must specify the time period for the historical statistics data you want to retrieve. A dialog box appears in which you must enter the start date, start time and duration of the queried statistics. Your instructor will provide you with a start date, time, and duration for the query.
Figure 6.35 - Query Variables Dialog Box
7. The Start Date is the date for which you want to retrieve the statistical data (the date the data was collected). Enter the Start Date in an MM/DD/YY format, for example, 10/23/00. Entering a dash (-) defaults to the current date. 8. The Start Time is the time on the Start Date at which you want to start retrieving statistical data. Enter the Start Time in a 24 hour HH:MM format, for example, 14:30. Entering a 0 defaults to 12:00 a.m. The Duration is the length of time for which you want statistical data. Enter the duration in hours. 9. The fourth field in the dialog box will vary depending on the type of statistics you are querying. You are querying Link Level 2 Statistics, so it will read Link(s). You can enter the name of the SS7 element (s) directly, but it has to be exact. It is better to click on the Values button to bring up a list of all possible elements.
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Figure 6.36 - List of Values Dialog Box for Links
10. Click on the All button to select all displayed links. Click on the OK button in the List of Values dialog box to accept the values, or click on the Cancel button to cancel your selections. The Refresh button will update the list of values from the database. 11. Click on the OK button to accept the specified variables and execute the query. The Execute Query Window displays.
Figure 6.37 - Execute Query Window

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12. When the query has been executed, an .ASC file is shown below the icon for the query in the Universe Window. The .ASC file contains the information retrieved by the query in table format. Double-click on the .ASC file icon to view the data.
Figure 6.38 - CORE7_02 Report in ASCII Format
13. To save the report as an Excel file in the universe window, choose Convert To from the File pull-down Menu and choose Excel from the submenu. Enter a name for your file and click Ok.
Figure 6.39 - Document Menu
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14. Select Close from the File Menu to close the report and return to the Core SS7 Universe Window. 15. A .E01 report icon is shown below the .ASC file icon. The report contains formatted information retrieved from the query. Double-click on the report icon to view the formatted report.
Report Menus Toolbar
Report Title
Header Rows
Data Rows
Figure 6.40 - CORE7_02 Formatted Report

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If you look closely at the Stats Name field, the list of historical statistics counters you requested will display with data. CORE7_02 Report Fields The Total field displays the sum total of samples taken for every interval. The Average field displays the average sample count during a single interval (sum total/number of samples taken.) The Max Sample field displays the maximum sample count during a given interval. The Max Time field displays the time at which the maximum sample occurred. The Min Sample field displays the minimum sample count during a given interval. The Min Time field displays the time at which the minimum sample occurred. 16. Leave the CORE7_02 report open for the next lab.
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Lab 6.7
Duplicate and Modify a Report

This lab discusses the steps necessary to modify a reports color and font. The CORE7_02 report should be open for this lab. 1. Select the report you viewed in the previous lab. 2. From the Documents Menu, select Duplicate. A new report displays below the original report, and the number in the .E0 file extension increments by one. By duplicating the report, the original report template will be available for future use. 3. Select the new report, and double-click to open it. The Report opens in the Report Window. 4. To modify the color or font characteristics of a cell, you must first select it. Click on a cell in a column to select the column. To select multiple columns, click on the first column, then drag the mouse to the left or right. If the columns are not adjacent to each other, select the first column by clicking on it, then click on additional columns while holding down the Control key. 5. Choose Font from the Format Menu and change the format in the dialog box that appears. 6. Choose Color from the Format Menu and change the color of cells as you desire.
Note: BusinessObjects treats all data rows that contain the same result objects as the same row. You will not be able to select one data row and format it separately.
7. To select rows, move your cursor to the left border of the Report Window. The cursor arrow will change to point to the right. Click on the left mouse button to select the rows.

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8. Choose Close Report from the File Menu to close the report. 9. From the Universe File Menu, select Close Universe. 10. From the Business Objects Window, Exit the Business Objects application.
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Chapter 6 Summary: Network Performance Statistics and Reports

Icon and Menu Descriptions
The following sections provide brief descriptions of each SpImain icon and menu available for viewing Network Performance Statistics and Reports. SpImain Icons Use the Network Status Mode icon to access Network maps and the Statistics menu options.
Use the Real-Time Statistics icon to access The Real-Time Statistics function.
Use the Behavioral Statistics icon to access the Behavioral Statistics Status Window.
Select the Historical Statistics Reports icon from the SpImain Menu to access BusinessObjects.

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Statistics Menu The Statistics Menu accesses windows to configure the particular statistic to display.
Table 6.2 - Statistics Menu
Real-Time Displays the Real-Time Statistics Submenu. Selecting Configure displays the Real-Time Statistics Setup Window.
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Procedural Flow Charts

The following section includes diagrams for network statistics monitoring and reports. Configuring Real-Time Statistics
From the Statistics Menu, select Real Time Statistics
Click on Configure Real Time Statistics Setup Window
Select the Stats Package
Select the Stats Scope
Select the statistic
Click the Add button
Configure the statistic parameters: Accumulation Rate, Data Mode, History, Graph type
Drag and Drop the element on which to run the statistic
Click Apply to open the Real Time Stats Graph Window

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Configuring Behavioral Statistics
Click on Behavioral Statistics icon in the SpImain Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window
Select an enabled Profile and click on View
Behavioral Statistics Configuration <Stats Type> Window
Click on Close
Behavioral Statistics Configurations Window
Double-click desired profile to view status
Behavioral Statistics Status Window
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Generating Historical Reports
From SpImain, select the BusinessObjects icon BusinessObjects Window Select Open from the File Menu Select Universe to Open Window Select the desired universe and click on OK Universe Report Window
Highlight the desired report and click on the Query icon
Enter desired parameters for report and click on OK
Double click on the report icon to display the formatted report

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Chapter 6 Review: Network Performance Statistics and Reports

Answer the following questions for a review of Chapter 6, Network Performance Statistics and Reports. 1. What are the three types of statistical graphs available in Real-Time Statistics? _____________________________ ____________________________________________
2. Which statistics are displayed in real-time? a. Real-Time Statistics b. Behavioral Statistics c. Historical Statistics
3. In Behavioral Statistics, if counts are displayed from lowest to highest, is the Status Window displaying the highest or lowest counts from network elements? _________________ _________________________________________________ How can you verify this?_____________________________ _________________________________________________
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4. Explain how to generate a historical report from the Universe Window._________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
5. Before modifying a report, what should you do to preserve the original report template?__________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

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This chapter explains the applications available for troubleshooting, fault isolation and network surveillance.
Objectives
Configure and use the ReMON (Remote Monitoring) Application Configure and use the User Call Trace Application Recall and display SUDStore and Failed Call Information Use the Mass Call Application to display Mass Call Events

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Network Surveillance Applications Introduction

The GeoProbe system provides a number of tools to diagnose and troubleshoot problems using the applications listed below.
ReMON (Remote Monitoring) ReMON allows users to view real-time data as it is being monitored by the SpIprobe. User Call Trace User Call Trace allows users to view actual call progression and call data as it is being monitored by the SpIprobe. SUDStore (Signal Unit Disk Storage) The SUDStore application stores signal units for later viewing. Failed Call The Failed Call application stores Failed Call or Transaction related signal units for later viewing. Mass Call On-set Detection The Mass Call application detects and displays the onset of sudden high call volume to a specific destination.
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List of Labs
Lab 7.1 Lab 7.2 Lab 7.3 Lab 7.4 Lab 7.5 Lab 7.6 Lab 7.7 Lab 7.8 Lab 7.9 Open Remote Monitoring ............................. 7-8 Set Miscellaneous Preferences.................. 7-24 Set Search and View Preferences ............. 7-27 Tag, Zap, and Search and View Tagged Messages...................................... 7-31 Set Filter Preferences ................................ 7-33 Configure Real-Time User Call Trace ........ 7-50 Configuring SUDS/Failed Calls Recall ....... 7-73 Changing Lines for a SUDS/Failed Call Recall Session ........................................... 7-79 Monitor Mass Calling Event ....................... 7-85

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Remote Monitoring Package

The Remote Monitoring Application (ReMON) allows users to capture signal unit traffic from any combination of links, linksets or monitored nodes in the SS7 network. Users can filter signal unit data capture based on combinations of SS7 parameter contents. Once data is captured, it can be saved to a file either locally or at the SpIprobe and recalled later. The Surveillance Menu from Network Status includes ReMON, Recall Linkset and Recall Captured Data. Three SpImain icons are also available for working with ReMON.
ReMON
ReMON (Recall Signal Unit Data)
ReMON (Recall by Link Config.)
ReMON Configuration Window To access ReMON, click on the ReMON icon. The ReMON Configuration Window displays.
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File Menu
Link Configuration Display
Drag and Drop Area
Apply Command Button
Figure 7.1 - ReMON Configuration Window
The ReMON Configuration Window is used for assigning linksets to monitor. The File Menu provides options for saving or deleting ReMON configurations, or for opening previously saved ReMON configurations.
The Drag and Drop field is for assigning linksets to monitor. The Link, Linkset, and Monitoring Equipment names appear for each linkset.
Note: ReMON limitations are defined based on resource allocation and customization by the GeoProbe Manager.
Linksets can be added using drag and drop from network maps, or by selecting Add from the Drag and Drop field Actions Menu. If a linkset is not being monitored, or if the maximum number of ReMON sessions is met, an error will display in the window.

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ReMON Window After linksets are assigned to the ReMON configuration Window, click Apply to initiate a ReMON capture session. A TCP/IP session is initiated to the appropriate SpIprobes. After a few moments, the ReMON Window displays.
Stop Start Capture Capture View Preferences Icon
Preferences Icons
Capture Buffer Captured Data
Number of Buffered Messages
Figure 7.2 - ReMON Capture Window
Use the File pull-down Menu to open a saved captured data session, save the current captured data, print, display the current link configuration, or exit the ReMON session.
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Use the Preferences pull-down Menu to set up filters for capture, search, or view, change the display of the columns or color, or set the aging time.
Use the Actions Menu to start and stop capture, turn filters on and off, tag and zap messages, and change the display in the window. Many of the same functions can be performed with icons on the toolbar.
Use the Start and Stop Capture icons to begin the data capture and stop the data capture. The ReMON capture buffer indicates how much of the assigned buffer is currently used. This field changes to blue as the buffer fills up. The number at the bottom of the ReMON Window indicates how many actual messages are in the capture buffer. Allocation of buffer sizes is based on implementation and available resources.

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Lab 7.1
Open Remote Monitoring

You must configure the links you wish to monitor the first time you run ReMON on an element. Once you configure the links, they can be saved in a configuration file for recall the next time you want to monitor them. In the following lab, we will configure a group of links, set monitoring preferences and monitor messages on the configured links. You access the ReMON application via Network Status mode. Ensure the Tejas map is open. 1. Choose ReMON from the Surveillance Menu or the ReMON icon on the SpImain menu. The ReMON Configuration Window displays (Figure 7.3). Add the links you wish to monitor in this window.
Figure 7.3 - ReMON Configuration Window
Note: Your workstation may be set up to allow you to drag and drop nodes to bring in all links attached to the node. This ability is set as an environment variable. See your System Administrator regarding this function.
2. Drag and drop the linksets to the drop box. The links that are part of those linksets display in the drop box.

Train1 and 2 select El Paso-Amarillo Train3 and 4 select El Paso-Laredo Train 5 and 6 select Austin-Laredo
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Linksets may also be added by clicking in the Linkset drop box with the right mouse key and choosing Add from the Actions Menu. A Global Linkset List Window (Figure 7.4) appears which list all linksets on all maps (not just the open map). Double-click on the link to add it. This ability is helpful when you wish to add links that are on a different map than the open one.
Figure 7.4 - Global Linkset List Window
Once you have added all the links you wish to monitor, you can save the configuration. This is useful when a configuration contains many links. The next time you wish to monitor these links, you can choose Recall Linkset from the Remote Monitoring Window to recall the configuration. 3. Choose Save from the File Menu. Leave the file in the default directory. Name the file <#remon>, then click OK to return to the ReMON Configuration Window. 4. Click Apply in the Remote Monitoring Configuration Window to begin remote monitoring.

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The ReMON Window displays (Figure 7.5). The window includes a row of icons which represent actions. These actions are also available under the Actions Menu.
Action Menu
Action Icons
Figure 7.5 - ReMON Window
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5. Click the Start Capture icon to begin capturing data from the network. You will see the buffer fill up as data is collected.
Capture Buffer
Figure 7.6 - ReMON Window
Note the messages coming across the links as traffic is monitored. Also, notice the blue line move in from left to right underneath the tool bar. This is the capture buffer. Once this line is all the way to the right of the screen, the buffer is full and the sessions stops collecting data. You can save the data to a file and restart the buffer or simply restart the buffer without saving the data. To save a ReMON session, select Save Captured Data from the file menu. You would then name and save the file. Do not save your ReMON session at this time. Click on Cancel to leave this screen. 6. Leave the ReMON session up and running for the next section.
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ReMON Preferences Peferences are user-defined settings that affect how to display and work with messages in the ReMON Capture Window. Several icons are available for working with ReMON preferences. The different preference options are:
Note: Each user must use a unique preference file to avoid conflicts with searches, filters, views, etc.
Filter Search View Miscellaneous Columns The Filter, Search and View Windows have exactly the same parameters. The only difference is in the way each of the three preferences is used. Once one of these three preferences is defined, it is not applied until it is turned on using the appropriate icon or by clicking on the appropriate action in the Action Menu. The Miscellaneous, Columns, and Set Aging preferences take affect as soon as they are set. In order to use the Filter preferences, the filter must be applied before capturing begins. The filter option cannot be used on saved data. Once the filter is turned on and capturing is started, ReMON will capture only messages that pass through the filter. Search can be used at any timeduring capture or when capture is stopped. Users can search current or saved data. Once a user clicks the Search Up icon or the Search Down icon, the application searches for captured messages that fit the criteria defined in the Search Preferences. The application highlights the first message that satisfies the requirements. To find the next instance, click the search icon again.
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Messages can be tagged for later reference, and users can search the ReMON session for tagged messages. Users have to select different search icons to search for tagged messages. The Search Tag icons can be used on a current ReMON session or on post-capture data. Users can search for a specific phone number with Address Search. The Address Search icon can be used on a current ReMON session or on post-capture data.
There are three View options available: The first View option allows users to view all messages without any requirements. All messages being captured or in a saved captured session are available to view. When the second View option is selected, the View preferences set in the parameter window are applied. ReMON will continue to capture all messages (or messages based on the filter if it is turned on), but users will only be able to see messages that meet the view requirements. Once the view is off, all messages will display again. The third View option only displays those messages that are tagged. Users can use this View option on current ReMON data or on a saved session.
Miscellaneous preferences are settings that affect the display of messages. Users can change the color of the messages, control the scroll rate, and automatically begin scrolling as soon as the ReMON Window opens. The Columns preference determines the type of information displayed in the ReMON Window. All data is being captured, however users can choose to display only certain messages in the current window.

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Filter, Search and View Parameters The number and type of signal units captured are restricted by applying filter, view, or search criteria. The Filter Preferences window, Figure 7.7, allows for precapture filtering of messages so that any signal units of interest are captured.
Figure 7.7 - Filter Preferences Window
The Filter Preferences Window contains two selection buttons:

Protocol Network Indicator
The Protocol selections are ANSI or ITU and the Network Indicator selections are National, National Spare, International, or International Spare. These selections are applied to all filtered signal units.
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The Filter, Search, and View parameters are divided into five parameter levels:

Level 2 SCCP MTP CICs
Each level has a tab on the Filter Preferences window and is explained in the following pages. Level 2 Parameters Level 2 parameters affect the type of message and the channels displayed. The Level2 Tab is shown below:
Figure 7.8 - Level2 Tab
Level 2 option: Users can set FISUs, LSSUs and HDLC Error SUs to block or pass. The header button for Level 2 allows users to block or pass types in the category.
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Note: RX messages are incoming; TX messages are outgoing.
Channels allow users to distinguish the direction of messages displayed (RX or TX) by link. Click the Channel header button to display the Channel List Window and select the link by double clicking it. The link will still display in the window. In the Channels drop box, the link is highlighted. Click the right mouse button to choose RX or TX for the link. SCCP The SCCP Tab passes or blocks specific SCCP subsystems and the database parameters.
Figure 7.9 - SCCP Tab
Users can choose specific Subsystems (SSNs) to pass or block. The SSN button at the top of the window can be used to toggle all SSNs to pass or block. The toggle button next to each SSN can be used for setting individual SSNs to pass or block.
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The SSN names are also buttons. Click on the desired subsystem button, and specific Op Codes and message types display for the selected subsystem. Figure 7.10 shows an example of the MAP Op Codes and Message Types:
Figure 7.10 - MAP Op Codes Parameter Window
Users can enter specific GT Digits and select whether to pass or block signal units without Global Title Translation (GTT). Users can enter specific Translation Type Numbers (TTNs) to either pass or block.

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MTP Parameters Select the MTP Tab to choose preferences affecting the User Part and Point Codes.
Figure 7.11 - MTP Tab
The User Parts button can be selected to toggle all user parts between Pass and Block. The toggle buttons next to each user part can be used for passing or blocking individual User Parts.
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Each displayed User Part is also a button. Click the desired User Part to display specific message types for the selected User Part. Figure 7.12 provides an example of SNM message types.
Figure 7.12 - SNM Message Types to Block/Pass
Individual message types can be enabled or disabled the same way as User Parts. If messages are set to PASS, they will only be passed if the associated User Part is also set to PASS. Messages with certain Pointcodes can be captured or blocked. Users also may choose whether to see all messages with any of the point codes selected in either the OPC or DPC of the message (Any) or to see messages that have one of the point codes selected in the OPC and one of the point codes selected in the DPC (Signalling Relation). CICs Select the CICs Tab to block or pass certain message trunks associated with signalled calls by entering up to six digits.

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Figure 7.13 - CICs Tab
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Miscellaneous Preferences Miscellaneous preferences affect the ReMON window as soon as they are selected.
Figure 7.14 - Miscellaneous Preferences
SU Color by Message (on)
The SU Color By Source option allows messages to be distinguished by using color. The two ways to distinguish SUs are by the type of message and the source. When SU Color by Message is on, the Signal Units captured display in different colors based on the message type (LSSU, FISU, User Part, or error). Users can turn SU Color by Message on or off via the SU Color icon or via the Action Menu. When the SU Color by Message is off, the SU colors display based on the SU Color by Source. Users can choose to display colors based on the following source options: Channel: SUs display different colors based on channel (RX or TX of a link). Link: SUs display different colors based on link. Linkset: SUs display different colors based on linkset. The colors display based on the workstation setup.
SU Color by Message (off)

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The default SU color schemes for ReMON are:

Table 7.1 - SU Color Schemes
Colors Gray Red Firebrick Red Yellow Yellow Blue Green Green Green Cyan Cyan Yellow Aquamarine White Magenta Orange FISU LSSU SNM MTNR MTNS SCCP TUP NUP ISUP DUPC DUPF MTP Test User Parts 9-15 HDLC Error Probe Parse Error SpIstation Parse Error Message
The Scroll Rate option determines the scroll rate for the messages being captured. The lower numbers indicate a faster scroll rate. The Enable Auto-scroll on Start option turns auto-scroll on or off. When auto-scroll is on, the messages scroll as they are captured. When auto-scroll is off, messages fill up the screen but do not scroll, and users must manually scroll through the list to see more messages.
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Columns Preference This option determines which columns of the captured messages are displayed in the capture window.
Figure 7.15 - Columns Preferences Window
Available message parameters to display are:

Point Code Name Count Protocol Time BIB/BSN FIB/FSN
Circuit ID Code Point Code Called/Calling Address Internal Message Type Component Type
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Network Indicator OPC DPC H1/H0 Message Type SSN SU Type/Length Other Point Codes
OP Specifier IS41 Digits Mobile ID Number Link Release Cause
Set Aging Preference The Set Aging preference determines how long a saved ReMON session will reside on the SpIprobe before it is deleted. This option applies to ReMON sessions saved remotely.
Figure 7.16 - Capture Remote File Aging
The Enter Aging Parameter field allows users to enter an aging period number in days. The default aging period is five days. The maximum aging period is determined by the amount of space on the SpIprobe.
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Lab 7.2
Set Miscellaneous Preferences

When you first open ReMON, you may want to set your preferences. These preferences dictate what messages you capture and how those messages are displayed. You can set as many different preference profiles as you desire and open them as needed to apply them to your monitoring session. The preferences you will set in this lab determine what you see and how you see it. The Miscellaneous Preferences determine how messages are displayed, such as the color. 1. Choose Misc... from the Preferences Menu (see Figure 7.17).
Figure 7.17 - Miscellaneous Preferences
2. Choose Linkset for SU Color By Source. This defines what the colors of the captured messages are based on. 3. Leave the Scroll Rate as the default and change Enable Auto Scroll on Start to YES. 4. Click the Close button.

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5. Choose Columns from the Preferences Menu (see Figure 7.18).
Figure 7.18 - Columns Preferences Window
6. Turn all columns to ON. This enables you to view all parameters of the message in the ReMON window. 7. Click the Close button. 8. Click the Stop icon then the Start icon to restart capture with these new preferences. Note how the display has changed. Messages display in color, and all columns display in the window. 9. Select one of the messages in the window by clicking on it. The scrolling in the window will stop, but capture continues.
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10. Double-click on the message to expand it (Figure 7.19). You can see all the parameters of the message.
Figure 7.19 - MessageReMON Expanded View
Note that you can change the displayed parameter values to Hex. You can also save this message to a file from the File Menu in the Expanded View Window. 11. Click on the Close button to close the ReMON Expanded View Window. 12. Click the Stop icon to stop capture. Leave the ReMON Window open for the next lab.

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Lab 7.3
Set Search and View Preferences

The preferences you set in this lab will determine what you see when you search and view the captured data. Search Preferences will help you narrow down the selection of the messages you are looking at. View Preferences allow you to choose what you want to display in the window. 1. Select Search from the Preferences Menu, then choose the Level 2 Tab. The Level 2 Parameter Tab displays.
Figure 7.20 - Level 2 Search Parameter Tab
2. Change the FISU to Pass.
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3. Choose the MTP Tab. The MTP Search Parameters Tab displays.
Figure 7.21 - MTP Search Parameters Tab
4. Choose to block all User Parts except MTNS. Pass the MTNS user part and click OK. 5. Click the Search Up and Search Down icons. The first message that meets your defined search criteria is highlighted.

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6. Choose View from the Preferences Menu. The Level 2 View Parameter Tab displays.
Figure 7.22 - Level 2 View Parameter Tab
7. Change the FISU to Pass.
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8. Choose the MTP Tab. The MTP View Parameters Tab displays.
Figure 7.23 - MTP View Parameter Tab
9. Choose to block all User Parts except MTNS. Pass the MTNS user part and click OK. 10. Choose the View icon and select the second view icon, which applies the view parameters you set. Now only those messages that match your parameters display in the window. 11. Before leaving this lab, change the view back to display all messages.

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Lab 7.4
Tag, Zap, and Search and View Tagged Messages

You can mark any message in the current ReMON session or saved session with the use of the tag. Tagging certain messages allows you to group messages together for further reference. Zapping messages marks all messages in the session for reference. Once youve tagged messages, you can search through the session for only those messages youve tagged. Follow the steps below to zap, tag, and search tagged messages. 1. With a ReMON session running, or reviewing a stopped ReMON session, select any message you wish. 2. Click on the Tag icon, or select Tag from the Actions menu.
Figure 7.24 - Tag Messages
3. Repeat the procedure to tag several messages in the ReMON session. 4. Click on the Search Tag Up or Search Tag Down icon or select Search Tag from the Actions menu. The first tagged message is highlighted.
Figure 7.25 - Search Tagged Messages
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5. You can also choose to view only tagged messages in your ReMON session. Select the View option button, and click the third View icon.
Figure 7.26 - View Tagged Messages
6. Click the first View icon to return the view to all messages.
Figure 7.27 - View All Messages
7. Click the Zap icon or choose Zap from the Actions menu to mark all of the messages in the ReMON session. Click the Unzap icon to unmark all of the messages.
Figure 7.28 - Zap and Unzap Messages
Keep the ReMON session open for the next lab.

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Lab 7.5
Set Filter Preferences

ReMON filters allow you to set the filter for messages on the monitored links so that ReMON only monitors according to the filter. When the filter is set to off, ReMON monitors all messages. When the filter is turned on, these preferences dictate what messages you capture. 1. Choose Filter from the Preferences Menu. Then choose the Level 2 Tab. The Level 2 Filter Preferences tab displays (Figure 7.29.)
Note: The filter that you set here can either be on or off for monitoring. Therefore, after you set the filter, you only use it as needed. You must indicate that you wish to use the filter before you begin monitoring messages.
Figure 7.29 - Level 2 Filter Preferences Tab
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2. Change the Level 2 Parameters to the following: FISUs: LSSUs: HDLC Error SUs: 3. Select the MTP Tab. The MTP filter parameters determine what MTP Level 3 information you will capture, such as specific point codes, user parts or protocol. Block Pass Pass
Figure 7.30 - MTP Filter Preferences Window
4. Choose to block all users parts except MTNS. 5. Click on OK to close the Filter Preferences Window.

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6. Click the Filter button to ON (Figure 7.31) before you begin monitoring. You can turn it off at any time to begin capturing all messages. OFF ON
Figure 7.31 - Filter Button
7. Click the Start button (Figure 7.32) to begin capturing messages on the links.
Figure 7.32 - Start Button
ReMON will only capture the messages as specified in the filter preferences. Note the messages that display based on the filter preferences you defined. 8. When youre finished looking at the ReMON display, stop capture and select Exit from the File Menu to close the ReMON Window.
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User Call Trace

The User Call Trace Application (UCT) provides real-time call or transaction tracking capability. Calls or transactions can be traced throughout the SS7 network. Call Tracing allows all stages of a call or transaction to be displayed as they occur. Call and Transaction records can be expanded, and all messages pertaining to each record can be viewed in detail. UCT can be used for troubleshooting call completion problems, database lookup problems, and other circuit or transaction related problems. The Surveillance Menu from the Network Status Mode Includes Call Trace, Recall Configuration, and Recall Captured Trace options. SpImain icons are also available for working with the Call Trace application.
Real-Time User Call Trace
User Call Trace Recall

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Call Trace Types Window To access Call Trace, click on the Real-Time User Call Trace icon from SpImain. The Call Trace Types Window displays.
Available Trace Types
Command Buttons
Trace Type Descriptions
Figure 7.33 - Call Trace Types
Note: Available Call Trace Types are based on installed applications.
The Call Trace Types Window is used for selecting the type of application to use for initiating a Call Trace session. The Name and Description for each Call Trace Type is displayed. Up to four call trace sessions can be initiated per workstation, allowing separate sessions to be initiated for other Call Trace Types or configurations. However, the number of simultaneous Call Trace Sessions for all users combined can be limited based on implementation and available resources.
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Call Trace Configuration Window From the Call Trace Types Window, double-click on an application, or select an application and click OK. A Call Trace Configuration Window displays for the selected option. The Circuit-Related Call Trace Window is displayed in Figure 7.34.
Available Signalling Groups Pointcodes to be used as part of trace Signalling Group Option Menu Type Option Menu Command Buttons Applications Button Phone Number Digits to trace
Figure 7.34 - Call Trace Configuration Window
The name of the Call Trace Type displays in the Window Title Bar. The File Menu provides options for saving or deleting Call Trace configurations, or for opening previously saved Call Trace configurations. The Call Trace Configuration Window includes four main fields: Signalling Groups, Pointcodes, Digits, and Applications. Other types of Call Trace Configuration Windows will display similar fields. These fields are for defining the types of calls or transactions to include in the Call Trace session.

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The Signalling Groups button toggles all displayed signalling groups on or off. Individual toggle buttons can be set for each Signalling Group. The Display button below the Signalling Groups field can be used for displaying Userdefined, Monitored, or All Signalling Groups. The Pointcodes button displays a list of available pointcodes. The Type button below the Pointcodes field can be used for specifying if selected point codes must be either the Originating pointcode, the Terminating pointcode, either the Originating or Terminating (Any), or if two of the assigned pointcodes must be included in the same message as the Originating and Terminating pointcodes (Signalling Relation). If Unrestricted Wildcard is selected, only four digit rows are available, and any wildcarding scheme is allowed. If Restricted Wildcarding is selected, 100 rows are available in the Digits field. Digits can be assigned for Dialed numbers, Destination numbers, MINs (Mobile Identification Numbers), or other digit types depending on the Call Trace Type. If more than one digit entry appears in each horizontal row, each digit entry must be contained within the same call. If multiple digit entries are added below each other, digits need only match field(s) for one row to be included in the Call Trace. An asterisk (*) can be used as a wildcard for multiple digits, and a question mark (?) can be used as a wildcard for a single digit. Applications allow the assignment of application-specific Timeouts and other parameters, such as Transaction or Call failures. Applications Configure Window To access the Applications Configure Window, click on the application button from the Applications field. An Applications
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Configure Window displays for the selected Call Trace Type and application (Figure 7.35).
Enable Toggle Button Release Causes Title Bar
Timeouts
Status
Close Button
Figure 7.35 - Applications Configure Window
The Title Bar displays the Call Trace Type and the selected application. At the top of the Applications Configure Window, a toggle button can be set to Enable or Disable the selected application. The window includes Timeouts fields. Other fields display depending on the Call Trace Type and application, but can include Status, Release Causes, Call Types, or other fields. The buttons at the top of each field can be used for toggling all options on or off, but each individual option includes a toggle button to turn it on or off. Click the Close Button to return to the Call Trace Configuration Window.

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Call Trace Window From the Call Trace Configuration Window, click OK or Apply to initiate a Call Trace Session. A TCP/IP session is initiated to the appropriate SpIprobes. After a few moments, the Call Trace Window displays.
Preferences Icons
Activity Indicator
Data Display Labels
Captured Calls
Records Indicator
Figure 7.36 - Real-Time Call Trace Window
The Real-Time User Call Trace Window displays all calls matching the criteria specified in the Configuration Window. When Call Trace is started, the Activity Icon rotates, indicating records are being requested. The bottom of the window border displays text regarding the status of the session. The Records Indicator in the bottom left corner indicates how many records are currently displayed. The maximum number of call records that can display is implementation and resource dependent, but the default is 256.
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Use the File pull-down Menu to open a saved Real-Time Call Trace session, delete or print a session, or exit the Call Trace Window
Use the Preferences pull-down Menu to open previously saved Call Trace preferences, save the current preferences, or to display the Call Trace Fields Window.
Use the Actions pull-down Menu to start and stop call trace capture, access the Configuration Window, scroll the captured calls, or show an error list.
Use the View icon to enable or disable View peferences.
Use the Start and Stop icons to begin the call trace and stop the call trace.

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Use the Search Up or Search Down icons to find a specific call matching a search criteria.
Use the Open icon to open a Call Trace session using preferences created and saved at an earlier time. Use the Save icon to save current preferences to be used with future Call Trace sessions.
Use the Config icon to access the User Call Trace Configuration Window.
Use the Lines icon to display the Call Trace Fields Window (Figure 7.37).
Figure 7.37 - Call Trace Fields Window
The Call Trace Fields Window controls which call parameters display in the Call Trace Window.
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Use the Scroll Icon to allow the records to scroll as they are being captured. The Window Scroll bars must be used for viewing data.
User Call Trace Preferences are user-defined settings that can be used for working with UCT records in a UCT session. Preference options include View and Search. View and Search are both post-capture, meaning they do not impact records that have already been retrieved. Configuration of View and Search options is identical, but each option operates differently. View provides a method of displaying only desired records within a session. After View parameters are defined, View can be enabled or disabled using the View icon.
Search provides a method of searching through call records to find records meeting defined search parameters. After Search parameters are defined, the Search icons can be used to scroll up or down through displayed data.
View/Search Configuration Window To access the View or Search Configuration Window, select View or Search from the Preferences Menu. The View/Search Configuration Window displays.

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Start/End Parameters
Pointcodes
Digits
Command Buttons
Applications Button
Figure 7.38 - View/Search Configuration Window
The File Menu provides options for printing or closing the View/Search Configuration Window. View or Search parameters can be based on specific dates and times, pointcodes and pointcode relationships, digits, and application-specific parameters and time-outs. The Start Date/Time and End Date/Time fields define the time period in which to look for records meeting the View or Search criteria. The Pointcodes button displays a list of available pointcodes. The Type button below the Pointcodes field can be used for specifying if selected pointcodes must be either the Originating pointcode, the Terminating pointcode, either the Originating or Terminating (Any), or if two of the assigned pointcodes must be included in the same message as the Originating and Terminating pointcodes (Signalling Relation).
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Digits can be assigned for Dialed numbers, Destination numbers, MINs (Mobile Identification Numbers), or other digit types depending on the Recall type. If more than one digit entry appears in each horizontal row, each digit entry must be contained within the same call. If Multiple digit entries are added below each other, digits need only match field(s) for one row to be included in the Recall. An asterisk (*) can be used as a wildcard for multiple digits, and a question mark (?) can be used as a wildcard for a single digit. Applications allow the assignment of application-specific Time-outs and other parameters, such as Transaction or Call failure. User Call Trace Applications Configure Window To access the User Call Trace Application Configure Window, click on the application button from the Applications field. A Recall Applications Configure Window displays for the selected Recall Type and application.
Figure 7.39 - User Call Trace Application Configuration Window

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The Title Bar displays the Recall Type and the selected application. At the top of the Recall Applications Configure Window, a toggle button can be set to Enable or Disable the selected application. The window includes a Time-outs field. Other fields display depending on the Recall Type and application, but can include Status, Release Causes, Call types or other fields. The buttons at the top of each field can be used for toggling all options on or off, but each individual option includes a toggle button to turn it on or off. Click the Close button to return to the Recall Configuration Window. After View and/or Search Preferences are defined, they can be saved by selecting Save Preferences from the Call Trace Window Preferences Menu. Call Record Display Above the Call Records Display, the Data Display Labels identify each field of the Call Records. Call Records display in different colors, depending on the call state or status. The default colors are defined as shown in Table 7.2:
Table 7.2 - Call Records Default Colors
Color Slate Gray Yellow Green Cyan Idle Call Setup Active Call Call Complete (Closed) Release Causes Color LightSteelBlue Release Cause Class 0 Normal Event Call State or Status
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Table 7.2 - Call Records Default Colors

Color cyan firebrick DodgerBlue MediumBlue red maroon MediumAquaMarine DarkTurquoise cyan SlateBlue Call State or Status Class 1 Normal Event Class 2 resource unavailable Class 3 service unavailable Class 4 service not implemented Class 5 invalid message Class 6 protocol error Timeout Circuit Super Message cause not found Interworking
Expanded Call Trace Window Individual records can be expanded by double-clicking on a record.
Call Record Fields
Call Messages
Figure 7.40 - Expanded Call Trace Window
The top of the Expanded Call Record displays the Call information from the previous screen. The Columns Menu provides options for setting the fields to display for the messages.

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Double-click on any message to display the expanded message format.
Figure 7.41 - Expanded Call Trace Record
The expanded message window allows all message parameters to be viewed. Close and exit all Call Trace Windows when finished, so SpIprobe resources are available for other user sessions.
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Lab 7.6
Configure Real-Time User Call Trace

This lab defines the procedures for performing a Call Trace.
1. Select Call Trace from the Surveillance Menu or click on the Real-Time User Call Trace icon in SpImain. The Call Trace Types Window opens.
Figure 7.42 - Call Trace Types Window

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2. Select Circuit-related and click on OK. The Call Trace Configuration Window opens.
Figure 7.43 - Call Trace Configuration Window
3. Click the toggle button next to the West Texas Signalling Group(s) to trace the calls for it. Clicking on the Signalling Groups button turns on all of the Signalling Groups. By selecting one or all of the Signalling Groups, the GeoProbe system will trace all originating and terminating calls related to those groups in your network. You can filter which Signalling Groups appear in the list by clicking in the Display field and selecting one of the options: User-Defined, Monitored, or All.
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4. To further localize your call trace, right click in the Pointcodes box to open the Pointcode Selection List and select the pointcode(s) you wish to monitor. By selecting pointcodes, you can filter your call trace session to only capture calls that originate and/or terminate at that pointcode.
Note: Since all pointcodes are related to a signalling group, once you add a pointcode to the Pointcodes field, the signalling groups associated with that pointcode are selected.
Figure 7.44 - Pointcode Definition List
5. From the Call Trace Configuration Window, click in the Type field to specify whether calls are traced by origin, destination, both, or any. 6. Enter the phone number or numbers you want to monitor in the Called and/or Calling fields. The numbers do not have to be the same length. For example, you can enter 214* in the Calling field and 5467898765 in the Called field. GeoProbe will monitor phone numbers up to 24 digits in length. However, depending on the Call Trace type selected, you can only enter a specific number of phone numbers per Call Trace session. If you want to trace selected calls to the specified pointcode(s), GeoProbe allows you to enter a wildcard (* or ?). The asterisk is a multi-digit wildcard that you can use in conjunction with a partial phone number, e.g., (214*). The question mark is a single-position wildcard that you can use with a phone number, e.g., (21?4859000).

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Note: If you leave the Called and Calling fields blank, the Call Trace application will monitor all calls specific to the signalling group or pointcode selected.
Entering phone numbers in the Calling and Called boxes is a logical AND condition within that row. Then the Call Trace feature will only trace the number to AND the number from the selected pointcode(s). Entering phone numbers in either the Calling or Called boxes below the previous number is a logical OR condition to all other rows. Call Trace feature can then trace for the numbers on the first line up through the fourth line. 7. Click the OK or Apply command buttons to start collecting messages. The Call Trace Window displays.
Note: The OK command button closes the Configuration Window when the Call Trace Window opens. The Apply command button leaves the Configuration Window open while Call Trace is running.
Figure 7.45 - Call Trace Window
This window displays the calls matching the criteria you entered in the Call Trace Configuration Window. As calls are initiated, you can see the start time, calling party, etc. Notice the State column. When the other end picks up, the State changes to Active. Once the call is complete, the state changes to Closed.
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The Call Record will be yellow during call setup, green when the call is active (conversation), and blue when the call has terminated. If the record is a light blue-green color, a protocol timer, such as short conversation, may have expired or the destination was busy. A record appearing in burnt orange indicates there was a sequencing error. 8. You can change the view of the session by selecting the Lines icon or selecting Columns from the Preferences menu. By selecting options in the Columns Window, you can display or turn off certain elements in the window. You can turn off elements by line, or by specific piece of data. 9. Select any call and see the messages associated with that call. Double-click on a Closed call. The Compressed Signal Units Window displays.
Figure 7.46 - Compressed Signal Unit Window
This window displays all of the messages associated with this call. Note the IAMs, when the call is initiated, the ACM when the addressing is complete, the ANM when the other end picks up. You can also see the Release (REL) and the Release Complete (RLC) messages when either side hangs up.

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10. You can expand any message in this window for further troubleshooting. Double-click on an IAM to expand it. The Expanded Message Window displays.
Figure 7.47 - Expanded Message Window
This window looks similar to the Expanded Message Window in ReMON. You can see specific information about the message and look at individual parameters. 11. Choose Close from the File menu to close the Expanded Message Window. The Compressed Message Window displays. 12. Choose Close from the File menu. The Call Trace Window displays. 13. Choose Exit from the File menu to close the Call Trace Window.
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SUDStore and Failed Call/Transaction

The SUDstore application allows Signal Units to be stored on disk at the SpIprobe. The Failed Call/Transaction application is identical to SUDStore, but only Failed Call/Transaction information is stored on a SUDStore disk that is dedicated to the Failed Calls application. The SUDStore and Failed Call applications are designed for storing Signal Units for later viewing. These applications work similar to real-time User Call Trace, but data is retrieved and viewed after it is stored rather than in real-time. The length of time and number of call records each disk can store is network and implementation dependent. Traffic, traffic types, and the number of pointcodes assigned to a profile all impact how much data can be stored on disks. SUDStore Profiles are configured by the GeoProbe Administrator. Failed Call Profiles are automatically configured if the application is installed. The conditions for defining a call or transaction as failed are defined by the GeoProbe Administrator. This course discusses the procedures for recalling and viewing SUDStore and Failed Call information. Since the procedures for recalling SUDS or Failed Calls are identical, they are discussed together. For additional information on configuration of SUDStore and Failed Calls, refer to the SpIstation Applications Guide or the GeoProbe Administrator training course.

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sudsMain Window To access the sudsMain Window, click the SUDS/Failed Calls Configuration and Status icon from SpImain. The sudsMain displays (Figure 7.48).
File/Option Menus Profile Field Labels Failed Calls Profile SUDS Profile
Figure 7.48 - sudsMain Window
The sudsMain Window displays SUDStore and Failed Calls profile configurations. The File Menu provides options for printing or exiting the sudsMain Window.
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The Options Menu provides options for displaying Profile Parameter Labels and Signalling Group information. Failed Call Profiles display with a border around the profile. One Failed Calls Profile is configured for the entire network, since it is network-wide. Multiple SUDStore Profiles can display.
Name and Description uniquely identifies each profile. The name can be up to 43 characters in length. Last Request displays the last action taken by a user such as Configuration. Status Message displays the results of the last configuration action, such as Action Successful. State indicates the state of the profile, such as Active. Signalling Groups and Pointcodes indicate which Signalling Group and pointcodes are assigned to a SUDStore Profile. Failed Call Profiles are network-wide, so they do not display signalling group or pointcode information. Profile Colors indicate the current state of the profile. Green = Active White = Available Red = Failed Yellow = Configuration in Progress Blue = Buffer Frozen

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SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Types Window To access SUDS/Failed Calls Recall, click on the SUDS or Failed Call Recall icon from SpImain. The Recall Types Window displays.
Recall Type Type Description
Command Buttons
Figure 7.49 - SUDS and Failed Call Recall Types Window
Note: Available Recall Types are based on installed applications.
The Recall Types Window is used for selecting the type of application to use for recall SUDS or Failed Call data. The Name and Description for each type is displayed.
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SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Configuration Window From the SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Types Window, double-click on an application, or select an application and click OK. A SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Configuration Window displays for the selected option. The Circuit-Related Recall Window is displayed in Figure 7.50.
Start Date and Time
Duration Time
Maximum Calls
Applications Buttons
Figure 7.50 - Recall Configuration Window
The name of the SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Type displays in the Title Bar of the Recall Configuration Window. The File Menu provides options for saving or deleting SUDS/Failed Calls Recall configurations, or for opening previously saved Recall configurations. The top portion of the window is for defining the time frame for recalling SUDS/Failed Calls data. The Start Date, Time fields define the date and time to start recalling records from the SUDS or Failed Calls disks.

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A maximum of 512 records can be recalled at a time, but the Maximum Calls value allows the total number of recalled records to be limited. The End Date, Time, and Duration fields define when SUDS or Failed Calls recall will end. The End Time can be set by toggling either the End: radio button and entering the Date and Time, or by toggling the Duration: radio button and setting the duration of time to recall records. The bottom portion of the Recall Configuration Window includes four main fields: Signalling Groups, Pointcodes, Digits, and Applications. Other types of Recall Configuration Windows will display similar fields. These fields are for defining the types of calls or transactions to include in the Recall session. The Signalling Groups button toggles all displayed signalling groups on or off. Individual toggle buttons can be set for each Signalling Group. The Display button below the Signalling Groups field can be used for displaying Userdefined, Monitored, or All Signalling Groups. The Pointcodes button displays a list of available pointcodes. The Type button below the Pointcodes field can be used for specifying if selected pointcodes must be either the Originating pointcode, the Terminating pointcode, either the Originating or Terminating (Any), or if two of the assigned pointcodes must be included in the same message as the Originating and Terminating pointcodes (Signalling Relation). Digits can be assigned for Dialed numbers, Destination numbers, MINs (Mobile Identification Numbers), or other digit types depending on the Recall type. If more than one digit entry appears in each horizontal row, each digit entry must be contained within the same call. If Multiple digit entries are added below each other, digits need only match field(s) for one row to be included in the Recall. An asterisk (*) can be used as a wildcard for multiple digits, and a question mark (?) can be used as a wildcard for a single digit.
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Applications allow the assignment of application-specific Time-outs and other parameters, such as Transaction or Call failure. SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Applications Configure Window To access the SUDS or Failed Calls Recall Application Configure Window, click on the application button from the Applications field. A Recall Applications Configure Window displays for the selected Recall Type and application.
Enable Toggle Button
Timeouts
Status
Release Causes
Figure 7.51 - SUDS Application Configuration Window
The Title Bar displays the Recall Type and the selected application.

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At the top of the Recall Applications Configure Window, a toggle button can be set to Enable or Disable the selected application. The window includes a Time-outs field. Other fields display depending on the Recall Type and application, but can include Status, Release Causes, Call types or other fields. The buttons at the top of each field can be used for toggling all options on or off, but each individual option includes a toggle button to turn it on or off. Click the Close button to return to the Recall Configuration Window. SUDS and Failed Calls Recall Window
Note: The SUDS and Failed Calls Recall applications each require a dedicated TCP/IP port on the SpIprobe.
From the Recall Configuration Window, click OK or Apply to initiate a Recall Session. A TCP/IP session is initiated to the appropriate SpIprobes. After a few moments, the SUDS or Failed Call Recall Window displays.
Call Type Recalled Activity Indicator
Preference Icons
Call Display Labels
Records Indicator
Figure 7.52 - Failed Calls Recall

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When Recall is started, the Activity icon rotates, indicating records are being requested. The bottom of the window border displays text regarding the status of the session. The Records Indicator in the bottom left corner indicates how many records are currently displayed. Use the File pull-down Menu to open a saved Failed Call session, delete or print a session, or exit the Failed Calls Recall Window.
Use the Preferences pull-down Menu to open previously saved Failed Call preferences, save the current preferences, or change the column display in the current window.
Use the Actions pull-down Menu to start and stop failed call capture, access the Configuration Window, scroll the captured calls, or show an error list.
Use the View icon to enable or disable View Preferences.

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Use the Start and Stop icons to begin the failed call recall and stop the recall.
The Maximum Calls setting in the SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Configuration Window defines how many records will be recalled at a time. The Record Indicator at the bottom of the SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Window indicates the number of recalled records. The Page option can be used for recalling the next page or number of records from the SpIprobes. For example, if Max Calls is set to 100, if the Page icon is selected, the next 100 calls will be recalled. The Records Indicator will increment accordingly. The Abort icon can be used for aborting the current recall if records retrieval from the SpIprobes is still in progress. Records that have already been buffered will display, but requests to the SpIprobes for remaining records from the current Recall request will be aborted. Use the Search Up or Search Down icons to find a specific call matching a search criteria.
Use the Open icon to open a Failed Call session using preferences created and saved at an earlier time. Use the Save icon to save current preferences to be used with future Failed Call Recall sessions.
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Use the Config icon to access the Failed Calls Recall Configuration Window.
Use the Lines icon to display the SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Fields Window (Figure 7.53).
Figure 7.53 - SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Fields Window
The SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Fields Window controls which call parameters display in the SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Window. Use the Scroll icon to begin scrolling the data in the SUDS/ Failed Calls Recall Window.
SUDS/Failed Call Preferences Preferences are user-defined settings that can be used for working with SUDS/Failed Call records in a SUDS/Failed Call Recall session. Preference options include View and Search. Configuration of View and Search options is identical, but each option operates differently.

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View provides a method of displaying only desired records within a session. After View parameters are defined, View can be enabled or disabled using the View icon.
Search provides a method of searching through call records to find records meeting defined search parameters. After Search parameters are defined, the Search icons can be used to scroll up or down through displayed data. View/Search Configuration Window
To access the View or Search Configuration Window, select View or Search from the Preferences Menu. The View/Search Configuration Window displays.
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Start/End Parameters
Pointcodes
Digits
Command Buttons
Applications Button
Figure 7.54 - View/Search Configuration Window
The File Menu provides options for printing or closing the View/Search Configuration Window. View or Search parameters can be based on specific dates and times, pointcodes and pointcode relationships, digits, and application-specific parameters and time-outs. The Start Date/Time and End Date/Time fields define the time period in which to look for records meeting the View or Search criteria.

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The Pointcodes button displays a list of available pointcodes. The Type button below the Pointcodes field can be used for specifying if selected pointcodes must be either the Originating pointcode, the Terminating pointcode, either the Originating or Terminating (Any), or if two of the assigned pointcodes must be included in the same message as the Originating and Terminating pointcodes (Signalling Relation). Digits can be assigned for Dialed numbers, Destination numbers, MINs (Mobile Identification Numbers), or other digit types depending on the Recall type. If more than one digit entry appears in each horizontal row, each digit entry must be contained within the same call. If Multiple digit entries are added below each other, digits need only match field(s) for one row to be included in the Recall. An asterisk (*) can be used as a wildcard for multiple digits, and a question mark (?) can be used as a wildcard for a single digit. Applications allow the assignment of application-specific Time-outs and other parameters, such as Transaction or Call failure. SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Applications Configure Window To access the SUDS/Failed Calls Application Configure Window, click on the application button from the Applications field. A Recall Applications Configure Window displays for the selected Recall Type and application.
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Figure 7.55 - SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Application Configuration Window
The Title Bar displays the Recall Type and the selected application. At the top of the Recall Applications Configure Window, a toggle button can be set to Enable or Disable the selected application. The window includes a Time-outs field. Other fields display depending on the Recall Type and application, but can include Status, Release Causes, Call types or other fields. The buttons at the top of each field can be used for toggling all options on or off, but each individual option includes a toggle button to turn it on or off. Click the Close button to return to the Recall Configuration Window. After View and/or Search Preferences are defined, they can be saved by selecting Save Preferences from the SUDS/Failed Call Recall Window Preferences Menu.

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Call Record Display Above the Call Record Display, the Call Display Labels identify each field of the Call Records. Call Records display in different colors, depending on the call termination state. Call colors are discussed in the Real-Time User Call Trace section of this chapter. Colors for in-progress calls will not apply, since all SUDS and Failed Call records are only recorded upon call termination. Expanded SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Window Individual records can be expanded by double-clicking on a record.
Columns Menu File Menu Call Information
Call Messages
Figure 7.56 - Expanded SUDS/Failed Calls Record Window
The top of the Expanded Call Record displays the Call information from the previous window. The Columns Menu provides options for setting fields to display for the messages. Double-click on any message to display the expanded message format.
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Figure 7.57 - Expanded Message Window
The Expanded Message Window allows all message parameters to be viewed. Close and exit all SUDS or Failed Calls Windows when finished, so SpIprobe resources are available for other user sessions.

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Lab 7.7
Configuring SUDS/Failed Calls Recall

This lab focuses on the procedures for configuring a SUDS/ Failed Call Recall session. 1. Click either the SUDS Recall or the Failed Calls Recall Icon from the SpImain Menu. The Recall Types Window is displayed (Figure 7.58). The names listed are dependent on the Performance Monitoring applications installed with your SpIstation software.
Figure 7.58 - Recall Types Window
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2. Choose Circuit-related Call Tracking and click the OK button. The Recall Configuration Window is displayed (Figure 7.59).
Figure 7.59 - Recall Configuration Window
3. Enter the start date and time for recall. Refer to the SUDStore and Failed Calls Profiles Window for Valid times of stored call data. 4. Enter the duration or end time of your call recall session. 5. Enter the maximum number of calls you want to recall at one time. The default is 100, the maximum is 512. 6. Click the toggle button next to the Signalling Group(s) you want to recall calls for. Click the Signalling Groups button to turn on all of the Signalling Groups. 7. You can filter which Signalling Groups appear in the list by clicking in the Display field and selecting one of the options: User-Defined, Monitored, or All.

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8. To display only calls related to a specific pointcode in a profile, select the pointcode in the Pointcodes field. You can click the right mouse button and click Select... from the popup menu. Highlight the pointcodes you want and click the OK button.
Figure 7.60 - Pointcode Definition List
Note: Since all pointcodes are related to a signalling group, once you add a pointcode to the Pointcodes field, the signalling group associated with that pointcode are selected.
9. Enter the phone number or numbers you want to recall in the Called and/or Calling fields. The selections and Wildcard characters are the same as used in Real-time User Call Trace.
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Figure 7.61 - SUDS Recall Configuration Window
10. You can save your Recall configuration by selecting Save As from the File Menu. Once you have saved a configuration you can retrieve it by selecting Open from the File Menu.

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11. Once you have set the configuration parameters, click the Apply or OK button to open the SUDS/Failed Call Recall Window. SUDS/Failed Calls are retrieved from disk and displayed in the scroll area (Figure 7.62).
Figure 7.62 - Recall Window - Displaying Calls
Note: If you use the OK button to open the Recall Window then the Recall Configuration Window will close. If you use the Apply button then the Recall Configuration Window will stay opened in the background. However, you will not be able to make edits to the opened configuration window until the session is stopped.
All calls retrieved containing the number(s) you entered, for the selected pointcode(s) are displayed as call records. Each call record indicates the state of the call (Setup, Active, Closed), the origination and destination pointcodes of the call, the start, answer, and end time of the call, the duration of the call, and why the call was released. The colors displayed for each call record are based on the state of the call or the release cause of the call. Fields and colors depend on the type selected. When the Call Record scroll area is full, use the scroll bars to view more call records.
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12. To stop retrieving calls, click the Stop Icon.
13. To begin retrieving calls after stopping, click the Start Icon. 14. To display all the SS7 messages associated with a specific call record, double-click on the call record you want to view. The SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Signal Unit Window is displayed (Figure 7.63).
Figure 7.63 - SUDS/Failed Calls Recall Signal Unit Window
15. To get the next set of calls, select the Next Page Icon. The new calls are placed after any existing calls in the window.
16. To stop searching and display what call records were found, select the Abort Icon.

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17. To display an expanded view of the SS7 message, doubleclick on the message you want to expand. An expanded view of the SUDS/Failed Call Recall message is displayed (Figure 7.64).
Figure 7.64 - Expanded SUDS/Failed Call Recall Message Window
18. Click on the Hex button to view the SS7 message in Hex Mode. 19. Click the Close button to return to the SUDS/Failed Call Recall Window. 20. Click the Stop icon and leave the recall session open for the next Lab.
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Lab 7.8
Changing Lines for a SUDS/Failed Call Recall Session

While in a SUDS/Failed Call Recall session, follow the steps below to change the preference lines. 1. You can change the information displayed in the SUDS/ Failed Call Recall Window by clicking the Lines Icon from the menu. The Recall Fields Window is displayed.
Figure 7.65 - Recall Fields Window
Note: By clicking the toggle button next to one of the fields you can control the information displayed in the SUDS/ Failed Call Recall Window. SUDS/Failed Call Recall fields can be changed before, during, or after calls are recalleded.
2. To save changes, select Save Preferences from the Preferences Menu. You can recall the saved preferences later by selecting Open Preferences from the Preferences Menu. 3. Select Exit from the File Menu to end a SUDS/Failed Call Recall session.

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Mass Call Onset Package

The Mass Call application detects and reports sudden high call volume to specific destination numbers in the form of alarms. Mass Call Events can be monitored in real-time using the Mass Call Status feature. An example of a Mass Call Event might be a radio contest, where people must call a certain number within a few minutes to win a prize. Suddenly, many calls are placed to the same destination phone number. The Mass Call Event Status Window would display originating and terminating information, and the number of Mass Call event counts for each origination pointcode that exceeds the Mass Call onset threshold. Mass Call profiles are configured by the GeoProbe Administrator. This course discusses how to display Mass Call Status information. Mass Call Configurations Window To access the Mass Call Configurations Window, select the Mass Call icon from SpImain. The Mass Call Configurations Window displays.
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Profile Status
Profile Names
Profile Description
View Button
Figure 7.66 - Mass Call Configurations Window
Mass Call profile configuration information and Mass Call status can be access from this window using the Actions Menu options or the View button. Mass Call Configuration Window To view a Mass Call Profile, select a profile, then click the View command button. The Mass Call Configuration Window displays.

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Name Description Enable Button
Figure 7.67 - Mass Call Configuration Window
The Name and Description identify the profile. The Enable button must be on in order to use the profile for Mass Call Status. Mass Call events trigger based on a Sample Rate, an Onset Threshold, and an Abatement Threshold. The Sample Rate is the length of time event counts are accumulated. The Onset Threshold defines when a Mass Call Event triggers. A Mass Call Event triggers immediately when the Onset Threshold is met. The Abatement Threshold defines when a Mass Call Event clears. Event Counts must be equal to or less than the Abatement Threshold within a complete Sample Window to clear the Mass Call Event.
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If the Abatement Threshold is not met within a sample, a Mass Call Continue condition is maintained.
Below the Mass Call Configuration parameters, assigned digit types are displayed. Each entry can be viewed by selecting it and double-clicking.
Figure 7.68 - Mass Call Prefix Window
Click Close to return to the Mass Call Configurations Window. Mass Call Status Window From the Mass Call Configurations Window, select a Mass Call profile that is enabled, and select Show Status from the Actions Menu. The Mass Call Status Window displays.

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Last Update Time Mass Calls Detected
Event Count Command Buttons
Figure 7.69 - Mass Call Status Window
The Title Bar displays the name of the Mass Call Profile. The Actions Menu and the window command buttons provide options to pause or continue the current window statistics. The Actions Menu can also be used for changing the Refresh Rate. This determines how often the status display is updated. The default rate is 15 seconds. The Last Update Time indicates the time of the last refresh. This is done automatically based on the refresh rate. It also updates when Continue is selected after statistics have been paused. The Mass Call Event Display field shows the Destination pointcode, destination digits, total events to the destination, the origination pointcode, and the count of mass calls it originated. This allows users to monitor for the sudden increase of traffic to given destinations, so that measures can be taken to prevent any network problems from occurring. A count of all currently displayed events is displayed at the bottom of the Mass Call Status Window.
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Lab 7.9
Monitor Mass Calling Event

The Mass Calling Status Window is used to monitor Mass Calling Events in real-time. When you complete this lab, you will be able to access the Mass Call Status Window and identify the point codes affected by mass calls. 1. Click the Mass Call icon which is on the SpImain menu. The Mass Call Configurations Window opens.
Figure 7.70 - Mass Call Configurations Window
2. Select an event to start the Mass Call Status. Be sure you select an event that is listed as ON in the Status column.

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3. Double-click the event or select Show Status from the Actions Menu. The Mass Call Status Window opens.
Figure 7.71 - Mass Call Status Window
The Mass Calling Events display in real-time. You can see the destination phone number and point code and the total number of calls generated from the destination point code. 4. From the Actions Menu, select Change Refresh Rate. Set the Refresh Rate to 20 seconds, then click OK. Watch the Last Update Time in the status window, and notice it changes every 20 seconds. 5. Click the Pause button to pause statistical updates. Note the Last Update Time, then click the Continue button. Notice the Last Update Time changes to when the Continue button is selected. 6. Select Close from the File menu to close Mass Call Status. Select Exit from the Mass Call Configurations Window to exit the Mass Call application.
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Chapter 7 Summary: Network Surveillance Applications

SpImain Icons and Menu Use the ReMON icons to start ReMON, recall previously saved ReMON sessions, or recall previously saved ReMON configurations.
ReMON
ReMON (Recall Signal Unit Data)
ReMON (Recall by Link Config.)
Use the Real Time User Call Trace icons to configure call trace in real time, and recall saved configurations.
Real-Time User Call Trace
User Call Trace Recall

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Use the SUDS/Failed Calls Configuration and Status icon to access SUDS/Failed Calls application.
Use the Mass Call icon to access the Mass Call Status Window.
Surveillance Menu
Table 7.3 - Surveillance Menu
Surveillance Capture Recall Linkset Recall Captured Data Call Trace Recall Configuration Recall Captured Trace Recall SUDS Data Recall Failed Call Data Capture Recall Linkset Recall Captured Data Call Trace Recall Configuration Recall Captured Trace Recall SUDS Data Recall Failed Call Data Define a ReMon capture configuration and initiate a session Recall a saved ReMon capture configuration and initiate a session Recall data saved from a previous ReMon session
Define a Call Trace capture configuration and initiate a session Recall a saved call trace capture configuration and initiate a session Recall a saved User Call Trace session for view only Recall saved signal units by timed index Recall saved failed call data
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The following section contains procedural flows for configuring and monitoring network surveillance applications. Configure ReMON and Capture Data
From the Surveillance Menu, select Capture (or select ReMON icon from SpImain) ReMON Configuration Window
Drag and drop the links to monitor, or select them from an action menu
Click on Apply ReMON Window Set display and capture filter parameters
Click on Start icon
Select individual messages and double-click to expand, if desired
Save the link configuration and/or capture session, if desired

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Configure Real-Time User Call Trace
From the Surveillance Menu, select Call Trace (or select Real-Time Call Trace icon from SpImain) Call Trace Types Window
Select the desired trace type and click on OK Select the desired trace parameters: Signaling groups, Pointcodes, Digits, or Applications Click on OK or Apply
Call Trace Configuration Window
Call Trace Window Set display parameters
Select individual messages and double-click to expand, if desired
Save the preferences configuration, if desired
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Configure and Display SUDS/Failed Calls Recall
From the SpImain, select the SUDS/Failed Call Recall icon SUDS/Failed Call Recall Types Window Select the Call Type to Recall and click OK SUDS/Failed Call Recall Configuration Window
Enter the recall parameters: Date and time, number of calls, and filter display options
Click on OK or Apply SUDS/Failed Call Recall Window View the calls, display an expanded call if desired
Select Next Page icon to view next set of calls in window

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Monitor Mass Call Events
From the SpImain, select the Mass Call icon Mass Call Configuration Window Double-click the desired event or highlight the event and select Show Status from the Actions Menu
Mass Call Status Window
From the File Menu, select Close to close the Mass Call Status Window
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Chapter 7 Review: Network Surveillance Applications

Answer the following questions for a review of Chapter 7, Network Surveillance Applications. 1. Do applications on the GeoProbe system affect SpIprobe resources?________________________________________
2. What does ReMON allow you to do?___________________ _________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between filters and view?__________ _________________________________________________
4. What is the purpose of the columns preference in ReMON and User Call Trace?________________________________ _________________________________________________
5. What do you enter in the point code box if you want to trace a call through any pointcode?_________________________
6. If you wanted to trace on all numbers with the 972 prefix, how would you enter this in the Call Trace Configuration Window?_________________________________________ _________________________________________________

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7. What is the difference between Real-Time User Call Trace and SUDStore Recall?_______________________________ _________________________________________________ 8. What is the difference between SUDStore Recall and Failed Calls Recall?______________________________________ _________________________________________________ 9. What is a Mass Call Event?___________________________ _________________________________________________ 10. In Mass Call, what is the relationship between the sample rate and the onset threshold? _____________________________ _________________________________________________
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Index
Index
Numerics
15422 View Editor Window Definitions 5 - 28 16 Default Action Menu 5 - 19 Drag and Drop 6 - 15 Drop box 6 - 15
A
Admin Group List 4 - 3 Alarm Colors 5 - 46 Alarm Display 5 - 45 Alarm Group 4 - 5, 4 - 7 Alarm Log 5 - 49 Alarm Log View Options 5 - 50 Alarms Menu 5 - 67 an 2 - 2
E
Editor Views 5 - 30 Editors Menu Status 5 - 66, 6 - 56 Ethernet 2 - 9 Expanded Alarm 5 - 53
F
Failed Call/Transaction 2 - 16 Failed Calls Recall 3 - 26 Filter Editor 3 - 23
B
background map 4 - 10 Bar Cluster Width 6 - 24 Bar Graph. See Graph, Bar Behavior Statistics 3 - 23 Behavioral Statistics 6 - 30 Bulls-eye 3 - 24 Bulls-eye Alarm 5 - 60
G
Generate a Historical Report 6 - 47 GeoProbe 2 - 1 GeoProbe Application Packages 7 - 2 GeoProbe Applications 2 - 10 GeoProbe System 2 - 2 Elements 2 - 4 GeoProbe User Course Overview 1 - 2 Prerequisites 1 - 2 GeoProbe User Course Training Manual Overview 1 - 6 GeoProbe User Functions 1 - 3 Global Call Trace 7 - 51 Global Reset Stats Graph 6 - 12 Graph Bar 6 - 10, 6 - 12 Plot 6 - 9, 6 - 12 Group 4 - 7 Groups GeoProbe 4 - 3
C
Call Detail Record (CDR) Application 2 - 17 Call Trace Point Code Definition 7 - 53 Call Trace Window 7 - 51 CDE Workspace 3 - 10 CDR Configuration and Status 3 - 26 Color Palette Configuration 3 - 22 Comments 4 - 7 Core SS7 Performance Monitoring 5 - 4 Core SS7 Performance Monitoring Application 2 - 12 Counts 6 - 10, 6 - 12
D
Data Collection and Forwarding Applications 2 Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information
GeoProbe Manager Training (v.4.5)
Index - 1
Index
H
Help GeoProbe 3 - 42 Solaris 3 - 15 Historical Statistical Reports 3 - 24 Historical Statistical Reports Manager 3 - 24 Historical Statistics 3 - 22 Historical Statistics Reports 6 - 39 History 6 - 19 Home Directory 4 - 7 HyperHelp 3 - 42
Network Configuration 3 - 21 Network Configuration Mode 4 - 9 network diagram 4 - 10 Network State Display 3 - 23, 5 - 33, 5 - 35 Link Status Display 5 - 39 Route Status Display 5 - 41 SS7 Status Display Setup Window 5 - 34 Subsystem Status Display 5 - 43 Network Status 3 - 21 Network Status Map Views 5 - 25 Network Status Mode 5 - 2, 5 - 6 Network Surveillance Applications 2 - 15
I
Inclination 6 - 24 Invert Orientation 6 - 24 ISUP/TUP Mass Call Onset Package 7 - 82 ISUP/TUP/NUP Performance Monitoring 5 - 4 ISUP/TUP/NUP Performance Monitoring Applications 2 - 13
O
Online Help GeoProbe 3 - 42 Solaris 3 - 15 Online Manuals 3 - 42 Open a Universe 6 - 42 Open Map Window 5 - 16 OpenSeven API-Extension 2 - 17 OpenSeven API-Interpreter 2 - 17 Options Menu Status 5 - 8
K
Keyboard 3 - 11, 3 - 12
L
License Manager 3 - 22, 4 - 8
P
Password 4 - 7 Pause Data Append 6 - 12 Peg Counts 6 - 10, 6 - 12 Performance Monitoring Applications 5 - 4 Plot Graph. See Graph, Plot Pointcode Editor 3 - 23 Print Feature 3 - 40 Profile 4 - 7 Profile List 4 - 3 Protocols 2 - 18
M
Map Network 4 - 10 Selection 5 - 7 Map Views 5 - 25 Mass Call 3 - 24 Mass Call Onset Detection Application 2 - 15 Monitor 3 - 5 Mouse 3 - 5, 3 - 11 Cursors 3 - 12 MSU Forwarding 3 - 24 MSU Forwarding Application 2 - 17 MTP Performance Monitoring 5 - 4 MTP Performance Monitoring Package 2 - 12
R
Real-Time Statistics 6 - 4 Real-time Statistics 3 - 22 Real-Time Statistics Setup 6 - 5 Real-time Statistics Setup Window 6 - 14 Real-Time User Call Trace 3 - 25
N
Index - 2 GeoProbe Manager Training (v.4.5)
Index
Remote Monitoring 7 - 4 MTP Filter Preferences 7 - 35 SpIprobe 7 - 8 Remote Monitoring (Recall Link Config) 3 - 25 Remote Monitoring (Recall SU Data) 3 - 25 Remote Monitoring (ReMon) 3 - 25 Remote Monitoring (ReMON) Application 2 - 15 Remote Monitoring Menu 5 - 18, 5 - 19 Resources 6 - 13 Rotation 6 - 24
SUDStore Application 2 - 16 Surveillance Menu 7 - 90 System Administration 3 - 21 System Administration Mode 4 - 2 System Administration Window 4 - 2 System Unit 3 - 4
T
Tag, Zap, and Search Tag Messages 7 - 32 TCAP Performance Monitoring 5 - 5 TCAP Performance Monitoring Application 2 - 14 TCP/IP 2 - 9 The 2 - 6 This icon allows the user to recall a saved link configuration for remote monitoring purposes. 3 - 25 Time interval 6 - 19 Transport Network 2 - 9
S
SCCP Performance Monitoring 5 - 4 SCCP Performance Monitoring Application 2 - 13 SCP 2 - 3 SpImain Application Icons 3 - 24 SpImain Function Icons 3 - 22 SpImain Mode Icons 3 - 21 SpImain Utilities 3 - 26 SpImain Window 3 - 20 SpIprobe 2 - 5 SpIserver 2 - 7 SpIstation 2 - 8, 3 - 3 Hardware 3 - 4 Operating Environment 3 - 6 Print Feature 3 - 40 User Interface 3 - 17 SS7 network 2 - 2 SSP 2 - 3 Start Capture Icon 7 - 7 Statistical Events 3 - 23 Statistics Real Time 6 - 4, 6 - 55 Statistics and Reporting Applications 6 - 2 Statistics Element Display Area 6 - 15 Status Display Setup Window 5 - 34 Stop Capture Icon 7 - 7 STP 2 - 3 Subsystem 5 - 43 SUDS Recall 3 - 26 SUDS/Failed Calls Configuration and Status 3 26 SUDStore Preferences 7 - 81 Session 7 - 81
U
Usage Measurement 3 - 25 Usage Measurement Application 2 - 16 User Account 4 - 6 User Call Trace 7 - 37 User Call Trace Application 2 - 15 User ID 4 - 6 User List 4 - 2 User Name 4 - 6
V
View Apply 5 - 28 Deapply 5 - 28 Group 5 - 30 Remove 5 - 28 User 5 - 30 View Editor Window 5 - 27 View Editor. See Editor, Views
W
Window Menu 3 - 14 Window Pull-down Menus 3 - 14
Index - 3
Index
Windows 3 - 13 Fields 3 - 15 Minimizing 3 - 14 Moving 3 - 14 Resizing 3 - 14 Scroll Bars 3 - 15 Workspace Menu 3 - 13
X
X.25 2 - 9
Index - 4

Glossary
Glossary
ACM Address Complete MessageAn ISUP message by which a calls destination SSP acknowledges an IAM Adobe Display Postscript Graphical display format developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated Administration Tool Sun utility provided with Solaris 2.3 used for performing UNIX system administration tasks such as adding users and groups, defining hosts, configuring printers, etc. admintool UNIX command that executes the Administration Tool utility AERM Alignment Error Rate Aging Process through which non-active files and records are deleted from the SpIserver after a specified amount of time AIN Performance Monitoring Package Tracks all AIN TCAP transactions at SpIprobes that monitor mated pairs of STPs and accumulates AIN layer statistics and generates AIN layer alarms AIS Alarm Indicator Signal

G-1
Glossary
Alarms Notify user of network problems that meet predefined criteria The following are terms which are used in discussing alarms:
Categorized
Alarms that have been assigned a certain severity category, rather than a weight. These alarms are not cumulative
Configuration
The action of specifying criteria for alarms

Definitions
Parameters which affect how specific alarms are cleared or acknowledged

Display
A graphical representation of the alarm state of a linkset, node, SpInode or SpIprobe or a summary of alarm information in an alarm log.
Log
Log of all network alarms collected by the SpIprobes

Manager
SpIserver process that provides alarm information to the SpIstation

Profiles
Determine which alarms are active for each SpInode or SpIprobe

States
The level of severity for an alarm (informational, minor, major or critical)

Thresholds
The level at which an alarm goes into the next higher state due to accumulated weights
G-2

GeoProbe Usrer_V.4.5 RevA
Glossary
Weight
The numeric value assigned to an alarm ANM Answer MessageAn ISUP message from the destination SSP indicating a call has been answered ANSI American National Standards Institute API Applications Programming InterfaceThe GeoProbe programming interface that allows users to develop custom GeoProbe application software Application Processor A section of a processor printed wiring assembly (PWA) assigned to process an application Background Map An .EPSI graphic file representing a country, state, or geographical region, used as a background for the SpIstation network maps that form the Graphical User Interface for the GeoProbe system Behavioral Statistics A sorted representation of up to 32 network objects relating to a given statistical counter BIB Backward Indicator BitA field of a signalling unit used in error recovery Billing, Marketing Support Package Tracks usage data independently of network surveillance and billing applications to provide detailed, quality information directly to marketing personnel Bit Individual data elements that make up bytes

G-3
Glossary
BLA Blocking Acknowledgment BLO Blocking Message BSN Backward Sequence NumberA field of a signalling unit used to acknowledge remote SUs. The BSN is the sequence number of the SU being acknowledged Bulls-eye Display The Bulls-eye alarm display notifies you of alarms on the network without opening any network maps. Business Objects GeoProbes report writer Buttons Allow you to carry out commands or choose options Call Detail Record Generation Package Extracts key parameters from call setup messages, formats them into records and routes them to a back-end system for aggregation and processing for other applications such as billing or fraud management Call/Transaction Tracking Package Continually tracks all ISUP/TUP calls and TCAP transactions at the two SpIprobes monitoring a signalling relation. This package provides the basis for ISUP/TUP Performance Monitoring, TCAP Performance Monitoring and User Call Trace Packages. CBA Changeback Acknowledgment CBD Changeback Declaration
G-4

Glossary
CCR Continuity Check Request CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telephone & Telegraph (now ITU) CCS Common Channel SignallingA signalling method where a channel conveys signalling information using labeled messages CCS7 Common Channel Signalling System 7 (SS7) CCT Carrier Connect Time CDE Common Desktop Environment - one of the two GUI choices offered within the Solaris operating environment Cellular Fraud Detection Part of the Call Detail Record Generation Package which provides powerful, real-time cellular fraud analysis tools in a user-friendly GUI environment. CGB Circuit Group Blocking Message CGBA Circuit Group Blocking Acknowledgment CGU Circuit Group Unblocking Message CGUA Circuit Group Unblocking Acknowledgment

G-5
Glossary
Choose Select an option from a menu CIC Circuit Identification CodeA code used by ISUP to identify the message truck associated with the call being signalled CK Cyclic Redundancy CheckA 16 bit checksum transmitted with each SU. If the checksum does not match at the receiving SP, it is assumed the SU contains errors and the SU is discarded CLASS Custom Local Area Switching Service Classmarks The options that can be assigned to GeoProbe user profiles to determine the capabilities of users with those profiles
Call-Trace Capability
A classmark which allows users to trace calls using Global Call Trace
Database Synchronization
Classmark which allows users access to the Database Synchronization Menu on the SpIstation
Edit Point Codes
Classmark which allows the user to add, delete and modify point codes in the Global Point Code Library
Graphics File Maintenance
Classmark which allows users to create, modify or otherwise maintain the graphics files used by the SpIstation
Historical Statistics
Classmark which allows users to collect and display historical statistics
G-6

Glossary
Reach-Through Capability
Classmark which allows users to access SpInodes and control them from the SpIstation
Real-Time Statistics
Classmark which allows users to collect and display real time statistics
Remote Monitoring
Classmark which allows users to monitor remote SpInodes from the SpIstation Click Quickly press and release the specified mouse button while the pointer is on an object to access a menu or perform and action Cluster Group of SSPs COA Changeover Acknowledgment Color Palette Configuration Used for defining available colors for configurations of alarms, nodes and linksets Combined Linkset Two or more linksets connected to mated STPs which share the same routing information Command Buttons Execute commands, open secondary windows or apply options you selected Common Channel Signalling A signalling method in which a channel conveys data relating to call setup, control, network management and network maintenance by means of labeled messages

G-7
Glossary
Continuous Processes SpIserver processes that run continuously COO Changeover Order COPC Call Origination Point CodeThe point code of the calling party Core SS7 Performance Monitoring Application Provides the GeoProbes core SS7 link monitoring functions. Also provides foundation for other GeoProbe applications CQM Circuit Query Message CQR Circuit Query Response CRM Circuit Reservation Message CTPC Call Termination Point CodeThe point code of the called party CVR Circuit Validation Response CVT Circuit Validation Test Database Manager Tool within the Solaris Administration Tool that allows you to manage UNIX system administration databases easily Database Servers Handle all database queries from the SpIstation
G-8

Glossary
DCE Data Communications Equipment DLP Data Link Processor Double-Click Click rapidly on an object twice DPC Destination Point CodeA signalling point code that contains the network and member ID to which a message is addressed Drag Press and hold the specified mouse button while the pointer is an object. Hold the mouse button while moving the pointer and release the button when the pointer is at the location where you want the move the object Drag and Drop Transfers data by dragging an object to a specified drop box Drop box An area of a window specified as eligible for drops DTE Data Terminal Equipment dump A UNIX backup command DUP Data User Part ECA Emergency Changeover Acknowledgment ECO Emergency Changeover

G-9
Glossary
Embedded Events Network events that have fixed detection algorithms (linkset failure/recoveries, route prohibited/allowed messages, etc.) Ethernet Network used to connect the Transport Network ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute - the European counterpart to ANSI FIB Forward Indicator BitA field in an MSU used in error recovery Fields The labeled area within a window where information is entered to perform the functions controlled by that window Filters Restrict the number and type of signal units captured FirstWatch Allows monitoring of the status of the primary and takeover SpIservers in real time and to perform various administrative tasks FISU Fill-In Signal UnitA signal unit transmitted when no MSUs or LSSUs are being transmitted. The constant transmittal of signal units allows the SS7 network to receive immediate notification of signalling link failure. Flag A unique eight bit pattern which signals the beginning and end of a signal unit in an MTP level 2 signal Flow Control These procedures are initiated on a signalling link when congestion is detected at either end of the signalling link
G - 10 GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Glossary
Fraud Management An application providing automatic, real time fraud reporting through alarms triggered when user-defined call thresholds are exceeded FSN Forward Sequence NumberA field in an SU containing the sequence number of the signalling unit in which it is carried FTP File Transfer ProtocolA TCP/IP protocol for transferring files between machines GeoProbe System A monitoring system for SS7 telecommunication networks consisting of a scalable, UNIX -based hardware platform and a family of applications that provides tools for surveillance, link monitoring, maintenance and fault isolation Global Alarm Log Option that displays all alarms, whether displayed on the current map or not GTT Global Title TranslationGTT employs dialed digits, SPCs, and SSNs to determine the exact destination node and/or application GRA Circuit Group Acknowledgment Graphics Database Contains graphical information representing SS7 Network or GeoProbe elements
Network Groups
Network elements or monitoring equipment grouped together for administration purposes. All definitions for the group apply to all elements in the group

G - 11
Glossary
User Group
Users grouped together for administration purposes. All definitions for the group apply to all the users in the group GRS Circuit Group Reset GSM MAP Groupe Speciale Mobile - A set of ETSI standards specifying the infrastructure for digital cellular service GUI Graphical User Interface - a computer interface that substitutes graphics for characters H1/H0 Message Type Header Bar The gray bar at the top of a window Historical Statistics Summaries of data collected over a period of time, stored, and retrieved later Historical Statistics Configuration Initiated when the SpIstation user changes the historical statistics parameters Host Manager Tool within the Solaris Administration Tool that allows you to define UNIX hosts easily Hyperhelp On-line help program, developed by Bristol Technology Incorporated, used by the SpIstation system

Glossary
IAP Initial Alignment ProceduresOccur when a signalling link is activated for the first time of restored after a link failure IAM Initial Address MessageAn ISUP message used to indicate trunk signalling between two SSPs Icons Small pictures on the screen which represent GeoProbe applications or real world objects (elements of the SS7 network or the GeoProbe system) ICN Interconnecting Network INAP Intelligent Network Application Part INAP Performance Monitoring Package Tracks all INAP transactions at SpIprobes that monitor a mated pair of STPs. It accumulates INAP layer statistics and generates INAP layer alarms ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISUP Integrated Services Digital Network User PartThe upper level protocol in SS7 that provides ISDN services ISUP/TUP Mass Call Onset Detection Package Detects a high number of ISUP/TUP calls suddenly delivered to the same phone number ISUP/TUP Performance Monitoring Package Tracks al ISUP/TUP calls at SpIprobes that monitor a mated pair of STPs. It accumulates ISUP layer and TUP layer statistics and generates ISUP layer and TUP layer alarms.

G - 13
Glossary
IS41 Performance Monitoring Package Tracks all IS-41 MAP TCAP transactions at SpIprobes that monitor a mated pair of STPs. It accumulates IS-41 layer statistics and generates IS-41 layer alarms. ITU International Telecommunications Union - an standardsetting organization established by the United Nations with membership from virtually every government in the world Keyboard The keyboard for the SpIstation is similar to other keyboards but includes additional function keys Landline Fraud Part of the fraud management package that provides automatic real time fraud reporting through alarms triggered when user-defined call thresholds are exceeded LFU Link Forced Uninhibit LI Length IndicatorA field in a signal unit indicating the number of octets following the LI field and preceding the CK field. The value in this field differentiates MSUs, LSSUs, and FISUs. LIA Link Inhibit Acknowledge License Manager Allows the system administrator to monitor who is using the SpIstation at any time LIDB Line-In Database LIN Link Inhibit

Glossary
Link Level 2 Statistics A table consisting of the Basic statistics package and the Link statistics package Link A physical and logical connection between two signalling points (an STP, SSP or SCP)
A Link
Access linksthey carry information between SSPs and STPs and between STPs and SCPs
B Link
D links within the same network

C Link
Links that carry information between mated STPs

D Link
Quad linksthey carry information between STPs. D links within the same network may be referred to as B links.
E Links
Links that carry information between SSPs and nonadjacent STPs

F Links
Links that carry information between SSPs Linkset Two or more signalling links connected to adjacent signalling points. A linkset may contain a maximum of 16 links. Link Processor A section of a processor printed wiring assembly (PWA) assigned to separately monitor SS7 links LOS Loss of Signal or Loss of Sync

G - 15
Glossary
LPA Loopback Acknowledgment LSSU Link Status Signal UnitA type of signal unit providing link status indications to the remote end of a signalling link LUA Link Uninhibit Acknowledge LUN Link Uninhibit MCOD Mass Calling Onset Detection Map Alarm Log Option that displays only alarms for network element on the current map Mass Call Onset Detection Application An application used to detect a high number of calls to a single point code. Mated Home STP Pair A pair of STPs that provide a back-up to one another Mated Remote STP Pair Mated STPs that are not adjacent to the current STP Menus Lists of commands or options
Pop-up Menus
Appear when the right mouse button is clicked on a window or icon

Pull-down Menus
Located at the top of a window, below the title bar

Glossary
MIB Management Information Base Monitor Display for the SpIstation Mouse A pointing device that allows you to move through the SpIstation interface displayed on your monitor MRVT Message Routing Verification Test Msec or ms Millisecond MSU Message Signal UnitA type of signal unit carrying signalling information for call control, network management and maintenance in the signalling information field MSU Forwarding Package which allows you to forward MSUs from the SpIprobe to an external system for further processing, analysis or distribution MTNR Signalling Network Test/Maintenance Messages MTNS Signalling Network Test/Maintenance Messages (Regular) MTP Message Transfer PartLayers 1 through 3 of the SS7 protocols, equivalent to the physical, data link and network layers in the OSI model
MTP Level 1
Defines the SS7 signalling link characteristics.

G - 17
Glossary
MTP Level 2
Defines procedures for transferring variable length messages over one signalling data link.
MTP Level 3
Provides functions and procedures necessary for message routing and network management
MTP Level 4
Defines the different applications that may be used in the SS7 network for call processing, transactions and maintenance MTP Surveillance and Performance Monitoring Package Provides MTP layer alarms Multiple Linksets Linksets connected to a multiple point code node Network Configuration Mode Where network maps and views are set up and point codes, protocols and network elements are defined Network Diagram The arrangement of icons representing the SS7 network and the monitoring equipment Network Status Mode The mode in which the SS7 Network is monitored NI Network Indicator NUP Network User Part

Glossary
NUP Performance Monitoring Application Tracks all NUP transactions at SpIprobes that monitor a mated pair of STPs. Also accumulates NUP layer statistics and generates NUP layer alarms. Octet Eight bits of information OPC Origination Point CodeA signalling point code identifying the signalling point where the message originated OpenSeven API-Extension A program that allows software to be written on a UNIX workstation and provides access to various GeoProbe applications OpenSeven API-Interpreter A program that allows users to define SS7 protocol messages and allows the building of custom call scenario state machines to be used by the various performance monitoring and call trace applications OpenWindows One of the two GUI choices offered within the Solaris operating environment Option Menus Allows information to be entered in fields OSI Open System InterconnectionA standard for layered data communications to allow systems and terminals made by different suppliers to communicate together. PCR Preventative Cyclic Retransmission

G - 19
Glossary
PDDM Protocol Decode Definition ModuleAllows definition of proprietary protocol decode files for the GeoProbe system Periodic Processes SpIserver processes that run periodically or on demand Point Code A unique identification for each entity within the ANSI SS7 network Printer Manager A tool within the Solaris Administration Tool that allows configuration of network printers Processor Outage Occurs when, due to factors at a functional level higher that level 2,use of the link is precluded Profiles Determines the access of a user Protocol Decode Definition Module (PDDM) Allows definition of proprietary protocol decode files for the GeoProbe System Radio Buttons Allows selection of one option from a list of mutually exclusive options RAID technology Redundant Array of Independent DisksA redundant hard disk system that minimizes risk of loss Real-Time Statistics Statistics which display as they are collected Redundancy Redundancy throughout the GeoProbe system ensures data integrity and system availability. A takeover server in place

Glossary
in standby mode until the primary server shuts down, at which time server processes are transferred to the takeover server. REL Release Message Remote Monitoring (ReMON) Package A network-wide protocol analysis tool that allows users to capture signal unit traffic (using triggers and filters) from any combination of links, linksets or monitored nodes in the SS7 Network Resource Allocation The SpIserver resource manager allocates SpIprobe resources (e.g., filters, all Trace and ReMON buffers, etc.) for various SpIstation activities Resource Manager Allocates SpIprobe resources for various SpIstation activities RD Receive Data RLC Release Complete Routing A message route refers to a succession of signalling links on which a message is transported from the originating SP to the destination SP Routing Label Contains the Origination Point Code (OPC), the Destination Point Code (DPC), and the Signalling Link Selection (SLS) code RSC Reset Circuit Message

G - 21
Glossary
RX The name given to signals coming into a node SBB Standard Back Board - used to do preliminary service bay testing on hardware SCP Signalling Control Point. An SS7 signalling point that provides a line information database for enhanced services and user information SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part. One of SS7s upper level protocols. SCCP supports addressing and routing functions SCCP Surveillance Package/Monitoring Application Provides SCCP layer alarms and statistics on both connectionless and connection-oriented messages, including routing and Global Title Translation SD Send Data SDLC Signalling DataLink Connection SDLCA Signalling Data Link Connection Acknowledgment Serial Port Manager Tool within the Solaris Administration Tool that allows you to manage peripherals, such as terminals or modems, connected to serial ports SF Status FieldUsed to indicate the link status

Glossary
SIF Signalling Information FieldField which contains the routing and signalling information of the message in the routing label Signal Units Means by which signalling and other information originating from an MTP User Part (Level 4) is transferred over the signalling link SIO/SF Signalling Information Octet SLC Signalling Link Code SLS Signalling Link Selection SLTA Signalling Link Test Acknowledgment SLTM Signalling Link Test Messages SNM Signalling Network Management Message SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolThe network communications protocol the GeoProbe system uses to communicate with the SpIprobes SNMP MIB Simple Network Management Protocol Management Information BaseThe database used for managing SNMP queries

G - 23
Glossary
SNMP Party MIB configuration The process that downloads information from the SpIserver to define SNMP communication to the SpIprobe SNMPv2 (Simple Network Management Protocol, Version 2) A standard protocol for monitoring IP gateways and their attached networks Solaris Operating Environment A multi-layered software architecture based on client server computing model. SP Signalling Point. An SSP, STP, or SCP SpInode A DOS-based, data acquisition and monitoring platform that can monitor and collect data on up to 16 links. SpInodes can be controlled remotely by SpIservers/SpIstations. SpIprobe A data acquisition and monitoring platform that can monitor up to 256 links, consisting of a rack of card cages that contain a mix of monitoring, billing, fraud and marketing application processor boards. The SpIprobe is designed to process data from the monitored links at each STP site or other network node. SpIserver The SpIserver performs as a central file server for the GeoProbe system. It stores configuration data, requests traffic counts from the SpIprobes, stores reports and statistics, and distributes alarms generated by SpIprobes to users at the appropriate SpIstations and to external systems. SpIstation The user interface to the GeoProbe system, based on a Sun workstation. SpIstations are usually separate workstations, but the SpIserver itself can serve as a SpIstation. The GeoProbe system supports an unlimited number of SpIstations.

Glossary
SpIstation Network A graphical representation of a companys actual SS7 network and the GeoProbe equipment that monitors the SS7 network SRSCT Signalling Route Set Congestion Test SRST Signalling Route Set Test SSP Signalling Service PointTelephone switches, interconnected by SS7 links, that perform call processing on calls that originate, tandem or terminate at that site SS7 Signalling System 7A common channel signalling system developed to provide enhanced telecommunication services by creating and transferring call processing, network management, and maintenance messages to the networks various components SS7 Basic Surveillance Package Provides the GeoProbes core SS7 link monitoring functions SS7 Configuration A periodic process which supplies SS7 element information and definitions SS7 Configuration Database Contains all SS7 network information Statistical Event Alarms Generated when pre-defined statistical counters on links monitored by SpIprobes exceed user-defined thresholds Statistical Events Based on programmable monitors placed on selected counts at each SpIprobe or SpInode

G - 25
Glossary
Statistics Counts of SS7 messages and events STP Signalling Transfer PointTelephone switches that relay messages between network switches and databases. STPs route messages to the correct outgoing signalling link based on information in the message address fields. SU Signal UnitA binary signal divided into a defined series of fields for carrying specific types of information. The types of signal units are MSUs, LSSUs, and FISUs. SUDStore Package Signal Unit Data Storage Packageallows continuous capture of SS7 link SU data in independent, scrolling hard disk buffers at the SpIprobe SUERM Signal Unit Error Rate Monitor Syslog Log kept by the SpIserver to indicate the status of the system System Administration Mode Where the administrator adds user accounts, sets up all permissions for those accounts and performs other administrative tasks System Administrator Sets up all user accounts, groups and profiles, assigns passwords and sets up maps tar Tape archiver, a UNIX command used to back up files to tape or disk Tar Image A tape archive format file on a tape or disk

Glossary
TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application PartAn upper layer SS7 protocol that provides advanced services TCAP Performance Monitoring Package Tracks all TCAP transactions at SpIprobes that monitor a mated pair of STPs. It accumulates TCAP layer statistics and generates TCAP layer alarms, and can be used for performance monitoring of IN applications. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolA set of internetworking standards and conventions governing communication among networks TFA/TCA Transfer Allowed/Transfer Cluster Allowed TFP/TCP Transfer Prohibited/Transfer Cluster Prohibited TFR/TCR Transfer Restricted/Transfer Cluster Restricted Toggle Button Allows selection of multiple options from a list in situations where more than one possibility can be selected at once Translation Type Translation types help route messages to the proper function within a signaling point. They are optional and network dependent. The Bellcore recommendations provide several predefined translation types, but every network can assign its own. The only rule here is that the translation type name and the translation type number be used consistently in any one signaling point and across the network.

G - 27
Glossary
Transport Network The transport network connects the SpInodes, SpIprobes, SpIserver, SpIstations and any external systems via TCP/IP over X.25 or Ethernet TTN Translation Type Number TUP Telephone User Part. A predecessor to ISUP TX The name given to symbols leaving a node UBA Unblocking Acknowledgment UBL Unblocking Message UCIC Unequipped Circuit ID Code Message Usage Measurement Package Allows tracking of SS7 usage and generates billing aggregations User Account Manager Tool within the Solaris Administration Tool that allows you to add UNIX user accounts easily User Account Includes a user ID, user name and password User Call Trace Package An extension of ReMON. The intelligent filtering allows ReMON to capture only the data associated with any given all or transaction.

Glossary
User Group A group of user accounts that have the same profile User Profile The capabilities and restrictions of a user VAT Validation Testing Windows Where all functions of the SpIstation are controlled Window Menu Where commands for controlling windows are located Workspace The Solaris 2.3 display area for windows, icons and menus

G - 29
Appendix A SS7 Overview
Objectives
At the end of this overview you will be able to:
List the components of the SS7 network List the four levels of the SS7 protocol Identify the SS7 message types Identify the contents of a routing label Identify ITU and ANSI pointcode differences
What is SS7?
Common channel signaling (CCS) protocol / Architecture for performing out-of-band signaling
It is the carriage protocol used to define and enable the performance of the functions/procedures in the support of: Call processing Network management Database queries
Inet Proprietary Information
SS7 Overview RevA 04/99
SS7 - 1
SS7 Used For

Call Processing
Basic call: Setup Management Tear down Wireless services Personal Communications Services (PCS) Wireless roaming Mobile subscriber authentication
SS7 Used For

Database queries/Intelligent Network interworking
Toll-free (800/888) and toll (900) wireline services Local Number Portability (LNP) Enhanced call features Call forwarding Calling party name/number display Three-way calling
SS7 - 2
SS7 Used For

Network management
Link management Traffic management Routing management
Signaling Links
A digital path with a bandwidth of usually 56 or 64K.
SS7 msg Network Element Bidirectional Channels 56 or 64 kbps SS7 msg Network Element
It could physically be: Fiber optic cable 4 Copper wires Coaxial cable Microwave Satellite
They should be provisioned to run at no higher than 40% load
SS7 - 3
Out-of-band Signaling
Compared to in-band signaling (CAS) on voice channels, Out-of-band signaling on dedicated channels provides:
Faster call setup times More efficient use of voice circuits Support for Intelligent Network (IN) services Database systems Improved control over fraudulent network usage There are three signaling modes associated with CCS.
Signaling Modes
Associated Quasi-associated Non-associated
Signaling Voice
Signaling and Voice follow same path (Not same channel)

Common in Europe
SS7 - 4
Signaling Modes
Voice
Signaling
Signaling and Voice follow separate paths However relative path is fixed
Common in North America
Signaling Modes
No direct correlation between Signaling and Voice. This method is not utilized by SS7 Similar to signaling over the internet.
SS7 - 5
Signaling Points
There are three kinds of signaling points (SPs) in the SS7 network SSP (Service Switching Point) STP (Signal Transfer Point) SCP (Service Control Point)
(Triangle can also be used)
There are also hybrid nodes: Combined STP/SSP, SSP/SCP, STP/SCP

Each SP in the SS7 network is uniquely identified by a numeric point code. Point codes are carried in messages to identify the source and destination. Each SP uses a routing table to select the appropriate path for each message.
Service Switching Point (SSP)
Switches connected through the SS7 network. SSPs serve as connecting points for input devices (phones, etc..). SSPs generate SS7 and network management messages for call control and SCP queries.
SS7 - 6
Signaling Transfer Point (STP)
STPs relay messages between SSPs , databases, and other STPs.
Service Control Point (SCP)
SCPs interface with centralized network databases for providing enhanced services.
SS7 - 7
Mated home STPs
SSP & STP are physically adjacent
Mated home STPs provide a back-up for one another. Usually located in a different geographical area.
Mated remote STPs
Mated remote STPs are not adjacent to current SSPs.
SS7 - 8
A Links (Access)
Carries data between SSPs and adjacent STPs
Carries data between STPs and SCPs
ITU do not differentiate the links like ANSI does.
B links (Bridge)
Carries data between STPs. B Links connect STP pairs to STP pairs at the same hierarchical level
SS7 - 9
C Links (Cross)
Carries data between mated pairs of STPs
D Links (Diagonal)
Carries data between STPs. D Links connect STP pairs to STP pairs not on same hierarchical level
SS7 - 10
E links (Extended)
E links carry data between SSPs and non-adjacent STPs.
F links (Fully associated)
F links carry data between SSPs and SSPs. SSPs and SCPs SCPs and SCPs
SS7 - 11
Clusters
A group of SSPs that home to a particular STP or mated STPs. Clusters can be used for routing and network management
Linkset
Linksets
One or more links connecting adjacent nodes (max. 16 links)
SS7 - 12
The OSI 7 Layer Model

Data 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
2 3 4 5 6 7 7
Data Data Data Data Data Data Data

2
7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
Data
OSI 7 Layer Model & SS7 Stack

7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical SCCP MTP Level 3 MTP Level 2 MTP Level 1 TCAP TUP ISUP
User / Application parts
Message Transfer Part (MTP)

Network mgt.. and maintenance. Message routing (node to node). Error detection/correction and message delivery (node to node). Physical, electrical and functional connection (DS0A, E1, V.35, etc..)
56 kbs transmission speed (64kbs)
SS7 - 13
Signal Units
Information originating from a User Part (MSUs) or from MTP2 (FISUs & LSSUs) is sent over a link by means of a signal unit (SU). Three types of SUs. Fill-in Signal Unit (FISU) Link Status Signal Unit (LSSU) Message Signal Unit (MSU)
No Messages on a link is an immediate indication of link failure.
Common Parameters in Signal Units

Flag (01111110) SU delimitation SU alignment Any time five 1s appear in a SU (other than a flag), bit stuffing is used (prior to transmission). Flag 0 Flag
01111110.01111110...010010011..01111110 01111110.010111110...010010011..01111110 Flag Flag
SS7 - 14
Bit Stuffing
01101011111100111001011111001001.1 011010111111 6th One 01111110 0110101111101001110010111110001001.1 01111110 After 5th One After 5th One Add Flags 01111110 0110101111101001110010111110001001.1 01111110 011010111110100111001011111 Remove 0 After every 5th One Remove Flags 01101011111100111001011111001001.1

Backward Sequence Number (BSN) The sequence number of the signal unit being acknowledged Backward Indicator Bit (BIB) Toggled to request retransmission of a failed message Forward Sequence Number (FSN) The sequence number of the signal unit in which it is carried Forward Indicator Bit (FIB) Toggled to indicate current message is a retransmission The FSN and BSN are numbers in binary code a cyclic sequence ranging from 0-127 The FIB, BIB, FSN and BSN are used in basic error correction method
SS7 - 15

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 16-bit checksum transmitted with every SU Length Indicator Field (LI) Indicates the number of octets that follow the LI field and proceed the CRC field LI = 0 LI = 1-2 LI = 3-63 FISU LSSU MSU 00000000 00000001 - 00000010 00000011 - 0111111
Fill-in Signal Unit (FISU)

Normally transmitted when no MSUs or LSSUs are being transmitted Contains Level 2 parameters only FSN does not increment
First Flag Length (bits) 8 Transmission Direction BSN BIB FSN 7 1 7 FIB LI 1 6 Spare 2 last CRC 16
Fill-in Signal Unit
SS7 - 16
Exam FISU ple

SAMPLE FISU MESSAGE
ANSI SS7 00000000 BIB/BSN........... 0/0 00000000 FIB/FSN........... 0/0 ..000000 SU type/length.... FISU 00...... Spare............. 0 Checksum CRC 16............ 1100110011000110 hex=ccc6
Link Status Signal Unit (LSSU)

Provides Level 2 link status indicators to remote end of link Additional parameter, Status Field (SF)
First Flag Length (bits) 8 Transmission Direction BSN BIB FSN 7 1 7 FIB LI 1 6 Spare 2 last Status CRC
8 or 16 16
Link Status Signal Unit

Examples: -Normal alignment. -Out of service. -Processor outage. Currently only 8 is in use. But able to accept either 8 or 16
SS7 - 17
Example LSSU
SAMPLE LSSU MESSAGE
00000000 00000000 ..000001 00...... .....011 00000... Checksum
ANSI SS7 BIB/BSN........... FIB/FSN........... SU type/length.... Spare............. Link status....... spare............. CRC 16............
0/0 0/0 LSSU1 0 SIOS Out of service 0 1001110111010111 hex=9dd7
Message Signal Unit (MSU)

Carry signal information for message routing, network management, and maintenance May also carry Level 4 information Contains MTP Level 3 parameters Service Information Octet (SIO) Signaling Information Field (SIF)
First Flag Length (bits) 8 Transmission Direction BSN BIB FSN 7 1 7 FIB LI 1 6 Spare 2 SIO 8 last SIF CRC
8n (n<273) 16
Message Signal Unit
SS7 - 18
Service Information Octet (SIO)

First Flag Length (bits) 8 Transmission Direction BSN BIB FSN 7 1 7 FIB LI 1 6 Spare 2 SIO 8 last SIF CRC
8n (n<273) 16
Message Signal Unit

National International
Network Message Service Indicator Priority Indicator
Specifies priority of the message (0-3). 0 = lowest priority 3 = highest priority (For ANSI only, ITU use these two bits for additional national addressing)
Specifies service is either a Level 3 maintenance/mgt. message or a Level 4 user part message.
Signaling Information Field (SIF)

First Flag Length (bits) 8 Transmission Direction BSN BIB FSN 7 1 7 FIB 1 LI 6 Spare 2 SIO 8 last SIF CRC
8n (n<273) 16 SIF
272 Octets
Message Signal Unit
DPC Routing Label -Signaling Link Selection (SLS) -Originating Point Code (OPC). -Destination Point Code (DPC).
OPC
SLS
Application Specific Message Type CIC
Points codes are numeric addresses which uniquely identify each SP in the SS7 network.
Contains message type information and message data: -Class features -Calling ID -Called ID etc...
SS7 - 19
Example MSU
SAMPLE MSU MESSAGE
ANSI SS7 00000000 BIB/BSN........... 0/0 00000000 FIB/FSN........... 0/0 ..001010 SU type/length.... MSU10 00...... Spare............. 0 octet003 Service information octet.................................... ....0000 Service indicator. SNM signaling Network Management Msg ..11.... Message priority.. 3 10...... Network indicator. N National network octet004 Routing label................................................ ........ DPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 000-000-000 ........ OPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 000-000-000 ...00000 SLS............... 0 000..... spare............. 0 octet011 Message type................................................ 00010110 Headers H1/H0..... LIN Link inhibit ....0000 Unavailable SLC... 0 0000.... Spare............. 0 Checksum CRC 16............ 0011001111000101 hex=33c5
Level 2 Procedures
LSSU functions (node to node). Link alignment procedures Processor outage notification Flow control
All based on individual links and managed by MTP3
SS7 - 20
LSSU functions
Initial Alignment Procedures
Status Indicator Out of Service (SIOS) Status Indicator Out of Alignment (SIO) Status Indicator Normal (SIN) Status Indicator Emergency (SIE)
Flow Control
Status Indicator Busy (SIB)
Processor Outage
Status Indicator Processor Outage (SIPO) Mnemonic Status Field Function SIOS 011 To take link out of service SIO SIN SIE SIB SIPO 000 001 010 101 100 To begin alignment procedure To begin normal proving period To begin emergency proving period Representing congested state at Level 2 Stating a processor outage has occurred
Level 2 Timers
Timers 1 2 3 4N 4E 5 6 7 Description Aligned/ready (SIO to FISU) Not aligned (SIO state) Aligned (Proving state to FISUs) Normal proving period Emergency proving period Busy (SIB frequency) Remote congestion (SIB expected) Delay of acknowledgment ANSI Recommendations 13 seconds 11.8 to 23.5 seconds 11.8 seconds 2.3 seconds 0.6 seconds 80 - 120 msec 3 - 6 seconds 0.5 - 2.0 seconds ITU Recommendations 40 seconds 5 seconds 15 seconds 8.2 seconds 0.5 seconds 100 msec 3 seconds 1 second
SS7 - 21
Initial Alignment Procedures
SIOS SIOS SIO SIO SIN (SIE) SIN (SIE) FISU FISU
Processor Outage
Indicates that the transmitting signaling point (SP) cannot communicate with Level 3 or above Level 2 transmits an SIPO to notify the distant SP to stop transmitting MSUs Level 2 function at the remote SP receives the SIPO, notifies Level 3, and continuously transmits FISUs
SS7 - 22
Flow Control
Indicates that Level 2 is congested at the transmitting SP due to a processor outage or link failure Level 2 sends an SIB to the remote SP. Remote SP stops the transmission of all MSUs and sends FISUs If condition persists for 3-6 seconds then Level 3 is informed of a link failure
Signaling Link Error Monitoring Signaling unit error rate monitor (SUERM).
Provides a fault indication to MTP Level 3 when error thresholds are exceeded.
256 good messages decreases the buffer by 1.
SUERM Buffer
64
16 errors
16
SS7 - 23
Signaling Link Error Monitoring

SUERM Buffer
64
64 good messages
16
0 64
32 errors 48

SUERM Buffer
256 good messages
64
47
0 64
4096 good messages
31
SS7 - 24

Alignment error rate monitor (AERM). Used during the initial alignment period Insures that no more than four errors occur during the SIN timer (4N) window Or, no more than 1 error occurs during the SIE timer (4E) window
Error Correction
Basic error correction.
MSUs must be received in proper order Normal transmission, MSUs are acknowledged Failed transmission, MSU retransmission is requested
Preventative Cyclic Retransmission (PCR).

Used with satellite links If an acknowledgment is not received (within a specified period of time) all unacknowledged messages are retransmitted
SS7 - 25
Basic Error Correction

FSN: FIB: BSN:
Sequence number of SU being transmitted Incremented only by an MSU (0-127) 0 or 1; toggles to indicate retransmission Acknowledges received MSUs by reflecting the FSN; MSUs or FISUs may acknowledge receipt 0 or 1; requests retransmission from other end by changing states
BIB:
Basic Error Correction

Exchange A Exchange B
FSN
MSU
FIB
BSN
BIB
32 24 33 34 25 33 34 25
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
24 32 24 24 32 25 25 34
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
FISU MSU FISU
MSU MSU
MSU MSU
SS7 - 26
MTP Level 3
Message Handling Message Discrimination Message Distribution Message Routing Network Management Link Management Route Management Traffic Management Testing and Maintenance
Message Handling.
MTP Level 3 routes messages based on the routing label in the signaling information field (SIF) The routing label is comprised of The destination point code (DPC) Originating point code (OPC) Signaling link selection (SLS) field Points codes are numeric addresses which uniquely identify each SP in the SS7 network.
SS7 - 27
Routing label
ANSI SS7 SIO and SIF
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . n
3 bits spare Subservice Field Service Indicator
ITU-T C7 SIO and SIF

0 1 2 2
Subservice Field Service Indicator DPC Low Order Octet OPC Low Order DPC Cluster
DPC Member DPC Cluster DPC Network OPC Member OPC Cluster OPC Network Signaling Link Section
OPC Middle - Order Octet SLS/SLC OPC High Order
Routing Label
4 5 . n
Interpretation Varies According to Service Indicator Value
Interpretation Varies According to Service Indicator Value
An ANSI routing label uses 7 octets An ITU-T routing label uses 4 octets
Signaling Network Functions

Signaling Message Handling
Message Discrimination
Examines the DPC of the received message. If the message is for the receiving SP, the message is sent to the message distribution function. If the message is for a different SP, the message is sent to the message routing function.
SS7 - 28

Message Distribution Message Discrimination
UP0 - Network Management UP1 - Testing and maintenance regular UP2 - Testing and maintenance special
Examines the service indicator field of the Service Information Octet (SIO) of the MSU. If the message is for a Level 4 user part, then the message is passed up to Level 4. If the message is for Level 3, then the message is passed to signaling traffic, route or link Mgt. function.

Message Distribution Message Discrimination
Message Routing
Examines the routing label in the signaling Information Field (SIF) of the MSU. The message is routed via the DPC and SLS information in the routing label.
SS7 - 29

Level 4 User Parts

DPC
Message Distribution
DPC=PC
Message Discrimination
Level 2 Message Transfer Part
Level 3 Message
DPC<>PC
Message Routing
DPC/SLS
Signaling Traffic Mgt.
Signaling Route Mgt.
Signaling Link Mgt.

Point codes are used to identify each signaling point in the SS7 network ANSI uses a 24-bit point code ITU uses a 14-bit point code
ANSI Network-Cluster-Member 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
US & Canada
ITU
Zone-Network-signaling Point 3 bits 8 bits 3 bits

Applicable for International
SS7 - 30

The SLS is used for routing and load sharing.
SLS field determines which linkset and link to send a message The least significant bit of the SLS code determines the linkset (in this model) The remainder of the bits define the link (in this model)
SLS code xxxxxxxx
Linkset

SLS = xxx00010
Linkset 0 Linkset 0
1 0 0 1 Linkset 1 Linkset 1
SLS = xxx00001
SS7 - 31

Signaling Link Code (SLC). Each link in a linkset is assigned an SLC to identify the physical link within the linkset The SLC for a link must match the adjacent nodes SLC for that same link SLCs range from 0 to 15 SLCs may not be duplicated within the same linkset Only network management, test, and acknowledgement messages reflect the actual SLC value
Test & Maintenance Functions

Signaling Link Test Message (SLTM)
Sent after a Level 2 link alignment procedure Verifies OPC, DPC, and SLC for each link in a linkset (between adjacent nodes) Carries a Test Pattern (Exactly reflected by SLTA)
Signaling Link Test Acknowledgment (SLTA)

SLTA messages acknowledge SLTM messages SLTA messages must use the same link as the SLTM If OPC, DPC, or SLC does not match the adjacent node, the link will be taken out of service
SS7 - 32
Example SLTM
SAMPLE SLTM MESSAGE
ANSI SS7 00000000 BIB/BSN........... 0/0 00000000 FIB/FSN........... 0/0 ..001011 SU type/length.... MSU11 00...... Spare............. 0 octet003 Service information octet.......................................... ....0010 Service indicator. MTNS signaling Network Test/Maint. Special ..01.... Message priority.. 1 10...... Network indicator. N National network octet004 Routing label...................................................... ........ DPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 000-000-000 ........ OPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 000-000-000 ...00000 SLS............... 0 000..... spare............. 0 octet011 Message type....................................................... 00010001 Headers H1/H0..... SLTM signaling Link Test Message ....0000 signaling link... 0 octet012 Test data information.............................................. 0001.... Test data length.. 1 ........ Test data......... 00 Checksum CRC 16............ 1100110000100110 hex=cc26
Signaling Network Management

Level 4 User Parts Level 2 Message Transfer Part Manages activation, deactivation, and restoration of locally attached links.
Signaling Link Mgt.
SS7 - 33

Level 4 User Parts Level 2 Message Transfer Part Manages route availability between signaling points.
Signaling Link Mgt.
Signaling Route Management

Transfer Restricted (TFR)
STP notifies adjacent signaling points, if possible, do not route messages through the STP to a given destination
Transfer Prohibited (TFP)

STP notifies adjacent signaling points that a given destination is no longer accessible through the STP
Transfer Allowed (TFA)

STP notifies adjacent signaling points that a given destination can now be reached through the STP
SS7 - 34

Signaling Route Set Test (RST). (ITU)
When an STP receives either a TFP or TFR, a route test message is sent to the STP to determine if the affected destination can be reached Occurs every 30 to 60 seconds.
Signaling Route Set Test Restricted (RSR)

(ANSI/National option ITU)
Signaling Route Set Test Prohibited (RSP)

(ANSI)
Example TFA
SAMPLE TFA MESSAGE
ANSI SS7 00000000 BIB/BSN........... 0/0 00000000 FIB/FSN........... 0/0 ..001100 SU type/length.... MSU12 00...... Spare............. 0 octet003 Service information octet.......................................... ....0000 Service indicator. SNM signaling Network Management Message ..11.... Message priority.. 3 10...... Network indicator. N National network octet004 Routing label...................................................... ........ DPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 000-000-000 ........ OPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 000-000-000 ...00000 SLS............... 0 000..... spare............. 0 octet011 Message type....................................................... 01010100 Headers H1/H0..... TFA Transfer-allowed ........ PC : Net-CLstr-Mbr 000-000-000 Checksum CRC 16............ 0000001100110000 hex=0330
SS7 - 35
B A
TFP
D F
B A
RST
D F
SS7 - 36
B A
TFA
D F

Transfer Controlled (TFC)
Used to notify adjacent signaling points of congestion at an SP
Signaling Route Set Congestion Test (RCT)

Used to determine congestion status of a specific destination
SS7 - 37

Level 4 User Parts Level 2 Message Transfer Part Manages the diversion of traffic from a link or route to a different link or route as a result of failures or congestion.
Signaling Traffic Mgt.
Signaling Link Mgt.
Signaling Traffic Management

Management inhibiting messages. Management function for inhibiting or uninhibiting links A link can not be inhibited if: A previously accessible destination will become inaccessible as the result of the request Congestion exists on the route to that destination. Changeover and changeback messages Changeover diverts messages to alternate links Changeback diverts messages to primary links
SS7 - 38

Link Inhibit (LIN) Inhibits a link (disables level 4 traffic) Link Inhibit Acknowledgment (LIA) Grants permission to inhibit a link Link Uninhibit (LUN) Request the return of a link into service

Link Uninhibit Acknowledgment (LUA)
Changes a link to in-service status
Link Forced Uninhibit (LFU)

Forces links into service when a destination has become inaccessible, and linksets to that destination have inhibited links
Link Inhibit Denial (LID)

Denies permission to inhibit a link
SS7 - 39

Changeover Order (COO)
Notifies remote signaling point to divert traffic from failed or blocked links to alternate links
ITU - SLC part of the routing label ANSI - Separate field
Changeover Acknowledgment (COA)

Acknowledges the COO The SLC field identifies the failed link Updates buffers so the FSNs of received messages to avoid loss of messages
Sample COO
SAMPLE COO MESSAGE
ANSI SS7 00000000 BIB/BSN........... 0/0 00000000 FIB/FSN........... 0/0 ..001011 SU type/length.... MSU11 00...... Spare............. 0 octet003 Service information octet ....................................... ....0000 Service indicator. SNM signaling Network Management Msg ..11.... Message priority.. 3 10...... Network indicator. N National network octet004 Routing label .................................................. ........ DPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 000-000-000 ........ OPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 000-000-000 ...00000 SLS............... 0 000..... spare............. 0 octet011 Message type ................................................. 00010001 Headers H1/H0..... COO Changeover-order ....0000 Unavailable SLC... 0 .0000000 Last accepted FSN. 0 00000... spare............. 0 Checksum CRC 16............ 1111010111111010 hex=f5fa
SS7 - 40
Emergency changeovers and acknowledgments work similar as the COO/COA procedures, except the buffers do not get updated.
Changeback Declaration (CBD)

Notifies remote signaling point to restart traffic on the previously inaccessible link
Changeback Acknowledgment (CBA)

Acknowledges the CBD Traffic is buffered till change back procedure is complete
SS7 - 41

Standard Traffic A to F
B A
D F
B A
COO
D F
SS7 - 42
B A
COA
D F

Alternate Traffic A to F
B A
D F
SS7 - 43
B A
CBD
D F
B A
CBA
D F
SS7 - 44

Standard Traffic A to F
B A
D F
Level 4 User Parts

Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISDN-UP or ISUP). Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP).
Binary 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Definition Network Management Testing and Maintenance Regular Testing and Maintenance Special SCCP TUP ISUP DUP DUP MTP Testing Broadband ISDNUP Satellite ISDNUP Spare ANSI/ITU specify Both Both ANSI (Spare ITU) Both Both, ITU Uses Both Both, ITU Uses Both, ITU Uses Both Both Both Both
SS7 - 45
ISUP
The ISUP supports the following functions:
Interoffice trunk signaling - call setup and disconnect Custom Local Area Signaling Services (CLASS) ISDN Calling - D channel signaling between ISDN switching offices ISDN to non-ISDN calling
ISUP
ISUP messages establish circuit-switched network connections. Three phases:

Call setup Call connection Call release
Signaling Information Field (SIF) of the MSU carries the ISUP information
SS7 - 46
ISUP Messages
Initial Address Message (IAM)
Sent in the forward direction Initiates seizure of an outgoing trunk Requests a Call Related continuity check Transmits address and other information
DPC OPC SLS Circuit Identification Code (CIC) Called ID Calling ID
ISUP Messages
Continuity Test (COT)
Sent in the forward direction (immediately after a continuity check) to indicate the success or failure of the circuit check Continuity checking is not required for every call
Address Complete Message (ACM)

Sent in the backward direction when the calling party information is complete and the COT indicates a successful continuity check
SS7 - 47
ISUP Messages
Answer Message (ANM)
Sent in the backward direction to indicate the call has been answered
Release Message (REL)

Sent in either direction Indicates that the specified circuit is being released Circuit is released when REL is sent, but not available until the RLC is received
ISUP Messages
Release Complete Message (RLC)

Sent in either direction in response to a REL message Circuit is available for another call when the RLC is received
Suspend Message (SUS)

Sent in the backward direction Called party disconnects prior to receipt of a release message
SS7 - 48
ISUP Messages
Resume Message (RES)
Sent in the backward direction after a SUS Indicates that the calling party has reconnected
Continuity check procedure

IAM contains a parameter that specifies whether or not a continuity check is required IAM contains a CIC that identifies the circuit used with the call CIC is used for all messages associated with the call
SS7 - 49
IAMFormat
ANSI Initial Address M essage IAM
SIOand Routing Label ITU-T C7 SIOand SIF CICLowOrder Octet Spare CICHigh Order M essage Type Nature of Connection Indicators Forward Call Indicator Forward Call Indicator Calling Party Category Offset of M andatory Var Parm Offset of M andatory Var Parm 2 Offset of Start of Optional part LI of User Service Info User Service Inform ation # of octets =LI value Length Indicator of Called No. Called Party Num # of Octets =Length ber indicator value Optional Param Code eter Optional Param LI eter Optional Param # of octets eter = Length indicator value\ End of optional PamIndicator Optional Part M andatory Variable Part CICLowOrder Octet M andatory Fixed Part Spare CICHigh Order M essage Type Nature of Connection Indicators Forward Call Indicator Forward Call Indicator Calling Party Category Transm ission M edium Offset of M andatory Var Parm Offset of Start of Optional part Length Indicator of Called No. Called Party Num # of Octets = Length ber indicator value Optional Param Code eter Optional Param LI eter Optional Param # of octets eter = Length indicator value\ End of optional PamIndicator Optional Part M andatory Variable Part M andatory Fixed Part
ITUInitial Address M essage IAM

SIOand Routing Label ITU-T C7 SIOand SIF
SS7 - 50
Example IAM
ANSI SS7 10010101 BIB/BSN........... 1/21 10011001 FIB/FSN........... 1/25 ..011000 SU type/length.... MSU24 00...... Spare............. 0 octet003 Service information octet.......................................... ....0101 Service indicator. ISUP ISDN User Part ..00.... Message priority.. 0 10...... Network indicator. N National network octet004 Routing label...................................................... ........ DPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 7-255-7 ........ OPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr 255-1-1 ...00000 SLS............... 0 000..... spare............. 0 ........ CIC............... 5 00...... spare............. 0 octet013 Message type....................................................... 00000001 Headers H1/H0..... IAM Initial Address octet014 ISUP Nature of connection indicators parameter..................... ......00 Satellite......... No satellite circuit in connection ....00.. Continuity check.. Continuity check not required ...0.... Echo suppressor... Outgoing half echo cntrl device not included 000..... spare............. 0 octet015 ISUP Forward call indicators parameter............................. .......0 Nat'l/Int'l....... Incoming national call .....00. End-to-end method. No end-to-end method available ....0... Interworking...... No interworking encountered, No7 all the way ...0.... End-to-end info... No end-to-end information available ..0..... ISUP indicator.... ISDN user part not used all the way 00...... ISUP preference... ISDN user part preferred all the way .......0 ISDN access....... Originating access non-ISDN ....000. spare............. 0 0000.... reserved for nat'l 0 octet017 ISUP Calling party's category parameter............................ 00000000 Clg party category Calling party's category unknown 00000000 Pointer->User info 0 00000000 Pointer-> Called # 0 00000000 Pointer-> Optional 0 octet021 ISUP User service information parameter............................ 00000000 Parameter length.. 0 ...00000 InfoXfr-Capability Speech .00..... CodingStandard.... CCITT standard 0....... Extension bit..... 0 ...00000 InfoXfr-Rate...... Channel size .00..... Transfer mode..... Circuit mode 0....... Extension bit..... 0 octet024 ISUP Called party number parameter................................. 00000000 Parameter length.. 0 .0000000 Nature of address. Spare 0....... Odd/even.......... Even number of address signals ....0000 reserved.......... 0 .000.... Numbering plan.... Numbering plan unknown 0....... spare............. 0 Checksum CRC 16............ 1110101011011100 hex=eadc
DPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr OPC: Net-Clstr-Mbr SLS............... spare............. CIC............... spare.............
7-255-7 255-1-1 0 0 5 0
Called Party number parameter Nature of Address | Unique Subscriber Nr. Odd/Even | Even Number Screening Indicator | User Provided Addr. Presentation | Presentation Allowed Number Plan | ISDN .. Spare |0 Address signals | 9725786167
Call Setup Example
Switch A analyzes the dialed digits and determines that it needs to send the call to switch B.
SS7 - 51
Call Setup Example
Switch A selects an idle trunk, forms an initial address message (IAM), picks one of its A links (say AX) & transmits the message over the link
The IAM identifies: The initiating switch (A) The destination switch (B) The trunk selected The calling and called numbers and more
Call Setup Example
STP X receives a message, inspects its routing label, and determines that it is to be routed to switch B. It transmits the message on link BX.
SS7 - 52
Call Setup Example

By transmitting the ACM the switch is also indicating that it can continue
Switch B receives the message, determines that it serves the called number and that the called number is idle, formulates an address complete message (ACM), which indicates that the
IAM has reached its proper destination.
The ACM identifies: The recipient switch (A) The sending switch (B) The selected trunk.
Call Setup Example
Switch B picks one of its A links (say BY) and transmits the ACM At the same time, it completes the call path (towards switch A), sends a ringing tone over that trunk towards switch A.
The called device may be able to send back the ring tone.
SS7 - 53
Call Setup Example
STP Y receives the message, inspects its routing label, and determines that it is to be routed to switch A. It transmits the message on link AY.
Call Setup Example
On receiving the ACM, switch A connects the calling subscriber line to the selected trunk in the backwards direction (so that the caller can hear the ringing sent by switch B).
Some may connect in both directions immediately.
SS7 - 54
Call Setup Example

The ANM is also the trigger for billing and call supervision
When the called subscriber picks up the phone, switch B forms an answer message (ANM)
The ANM Identifies: The intended recipient switch (A) The sending switch (B) The selected trunk
Switch B selects the same A link it used for the ACM (link BY) and sends the ANM.
Call Setup Example
STP Y recognizes that the ANM is addressed to switch A and forwards it over link AY.
SS7 - 55
Call Setup Example
Switch A ensures that the calling subscriber is connected to the outgoing trunk (in both directions) and that conversation can take place.
Call Setup Example
X
Bla bla bla bla bla
Y
Bla bla bla bla bla
SS7 - 56
Call Setup Example
If the calling subscriber hangs up first, switch A will generate a release message (REL) addressed to switch B, identifying the trunk associated with the call. It sends the message on link AX.
Call Setup Example
STP X receives the REL, determines that it is addressed to switch B, and forwards it using link XB.
SS7 - 57
Call Setup Example
Switch B receives the REL, disconnects the trunk from the subscriber line, The RLC returns the trunk to idle status, identifies: The trunk used to carry the call. generates a release complete message (RLC) and transmits it on link BX.
Call Setup Example
STP X receives the RLC, determines that it is addressed to switch A, and forwards it over link AX. On receiving the RLC, switch A idles the identified trunk.
SS7 - 58
Call Setup Example
ISUP Message Format

ANSI ISUP Message
0 Subservice Field Service Indicator 1 DPC Member 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6
10 3 bits spare DPC Cluster DPC Network OPC Member OPC Cluster OPC Network Signaling Link Section
ITU ISUP Meassage

0 1 2
Subservice Field Service Indicator
DPC Low Order Octet OPC Low Order DPC Cluster
Routing Label
2 4 5 6
7
OPC Middle - Order Octet SLS/SLC OPC High Order
CIC Low Order Octet Spare CIC High-Order Message Type Interpretation Varies According to Service Indicator Value
CIC Low Order Octet Spare CIC High-Order Message Type Interpretation Varies According to Service Indicator Value
11 . n
8 . n
SS7 - 59
SCCP Messages
Adds additional routing information using DPC plus Subsystem Numbers (SSN) Performs global title translations (GTT) Manages Connection Oriented Transactions Manages Subsystem checks Management functions
Global Title Translations (GTT).

Usually a function centralized within a network Messages from the SSP (Always originator) are routed to STP STP translates the SCCP address fields into the pointcode/SSN combination Destination signaling point and subsystem number (SSN) is determined from digits present in the signaling message 800/888 number Calling card number Mobile subscriber identification number
SS7 - 60
Global Title Translations (GTT).

Because an STP provides global title translation, originating signaling points do not need to know the destination point code or subsystem number. Allows networks to accept messages from other networks without disclosing internal pointcodes STPs need to maintain a database of destination point codes and subsystem numbers and possible destinations.
TCAP
Controls non-circuit related information transfer. Provides the ability to exchange information between SS7 nodes to provide services. Provides for applications to invoke procedures from a local or remote database. It is the interface to the following applications:
CMSDB - 800 number translation LIDB - Validating a calling card number CLASS - Exchange of information between SSPs to support CLASS features AIN - Exchange of information and instructions between SSPs and SCPs
SS7 - 61
TCAP
TCAP is carried by the SCCP Transaction IDs are assigned when a transaction is initiated. Transaction IDs stay with all messages associated with that particular transaction. Transaction IDs are released when a transaction is terminated.
Package Types
Unidirectional Query With Permission Query Without Permission Conversation With Permission Conversation Without Permission Response Abort
SS7 - 62
Unidirectional
Sent in one direction Does not require a response TIDnot required
Query With Permission
Used to access a database Used to initiate the transaction Triggers the assignment of a TID Permission granted to end transaction if receiving end deems it necessary
Not just access to remote databases e.g. MAP
SS7 - 63
Query Without Permission
Same as Query With Permission except for permission granted

Receiver not granted permission to end the transaction Sender anticipates additional components related to the transaction to be send
Conversation With Permission
Sent after a Query Used to carry out a dialog between two applications The Package Type Conversation continues until a Response is sent
SS7 - 64
Conversation Without Permission
Same as Conversation With Permission, except

Prevents remote end from ending the dialog until originating end completes transmission of all components
Response
Used to end a TCAP transaction Return of data requested by a Query
SS7 - 65
Abort
Used when originating entity must end a transaction
Identifies reason for Abort
Component Types
Invoke (Last) Return Result (Last) Return Error Return Reject
SS7 - 66
Invoke (Last)
Sent from an SSP, MSC, VLR or HLR Initiates an action or Query Last indicates no further responded components are expected
Return Result (Last)
Response to an Invoke Last indicates no further responded components are expected
SS7 - 67
Return Error
Sent instead of a return result to indicate the Invoke received had a missing or unexpected parameter
SS7 - 68
Return Reject
The invoke was rejected because it was not understood The TCAP portion of the Invoke could have been corrupted
TCAP Messages
UDT-Invoke 800-969-4638 UDT-Invoke 800-969-4638 Global title translation if needed.
SS7 - 69
TCAP Messages
UDT-Return Result 972-578-6100 UDT-Return Result 972-578-6100
SSP-A now initiates the process of setting up the call.
SCCP/TCAP
In the previous slide, the Originating Office (SSP)

Passed the dialed 800 number, ANI, etc., to TCAP TCAP formatted the data and handed it off to SCCP SCCP formatted the 800 message and passed it to the MTP MTP selected a link and transmitted the MSU
SS7 - 70
SCCP/TCAP
If the SSP knew the SSN and SCP point code:
An 800 Invoke message was generated
The SSN and SPC would be included The STP would route based on the DPC
The Called Party parameters of the Invoke

Address contains a Subsystem Number Address contains Signaling point code No Global Title included Routing based on label DPC & SSN in Called number 800 Number translation Point code of SCP
SCCP/TCAP
If SSP did not know the SSN and SCP point code:
An 800 Invoke message was generated
The SSN field of message would be zero for unknown A translation type field would be included in the message STP performed GTT based on 800 number STP forwarded an Invoke to the SCP
The Called Party parameters of the Invoke

Address contains a Subsystem Number No Signaling point code in address GT includes translation type Routing based on label Global Title in the address SSN not known / not used Translation type (Table number)
SS7 - 71
SS7 - 72

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Spectra Testers

V 4.5 Rev.B 03 28 2000

List of Figures .............................................................................................................. vii

List of Tables ................................................................................................................xiii

List of Figures ................................................................................................................ v

List of Tables ................................................................................................................. ix

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Network Status and

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Inet Technologies, Inc.. Proprietary Information

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

Introduction to the GeoProbe User Course

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GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

The GeoProbe User Course

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

GeoProbe User Functions

Working in the SpIstation Interface SpIstation Help

Chapter 4: GeoProbe Database Overview System Administration Mode User Accounts

Network Configuration Mode Pre-configured Network Maps

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

The GeoProbe User Course Training Manual

Figure 1.1 - Tejas_2 Network

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

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Introduction to the GeoProbe

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GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

The GeoProbe System

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

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Figure 2.1 - GeoProbe Network Map Display

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GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Elements of the GeoProbe System

SpIstation n+1 SpIstation n

SpIstation n+2 SpIprobe

STP SSP STP

Figure 2.2 - GeoProbe Elements within an SS7 Network

GeoProbe User Training (v.4.5)

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information

Figure 2.3 - SpIprobe Equipment Shelf

Inet Technologies, Inc. Proprietary Information