PETROL ENGINE

BY:-
G.G.S.S. SCHOOL
SOHANA (PB.)
CLASS 10TH
CONTENT:-

• Introduction
• Kinds of Petrol Engine
• Parts of Petrol Engine
• Working of Petrol Engine
INTRODUCTION:-
The most commonly used source of power for motor vehicles, introduced
by the German engineers Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz in 1885. The petrol
engine is a complex piece of machinery made up of about 150 moving parts.
It is a reciprocating piston engine, in which a number of pistons move up
and down in cylinders. A mixture of petrol and air is introduced to the space
above the pistons and ignited. The gases produced force the pistons down,
generating power. The engine-operating cycle is repeated every four strokes
(upward or downward movement) of the piston, this being known as the
four-stroke cycle. The motion of the pistons rotate a crankshaft, at the end
of which is a heavy flywheel. From the flywheel the power is transferred to
the car's driving wheels via the transmission system of clutch, gearbox, and
final drive.
KINDS OF PETROL ENGINE:-
Reciprocating petrol engines are distinguished in a number of ways. Some of them
are as follows:

(1) Type of compression

(2) Valve arrangement
(3) The way they are cooled,
(4) The way they are supplied with air and fuel.
(5) Number of piston strokes per cycle,
(6) Cylinder arrangement

Classification based on number of stokes per cycle:

a) Two Stroke
b) Four Stroke

Four stroke petrol engine:

The four stroke engine is called so because the working of an internal

combustion engine is divided into four stages called four strokes of the
engine.

Two stroke petrol engine:

From the name itself we get the idea about the functioning of the engine. The
engine ignites fuel at every upward stroke, so there are two strokes for every
ignition of fuel. They are called upward and downward stroke. As the piston moves
in upward direction from bottom to top in the first stroke the air and fuel mixture
gets compressed and ignited by spark plug as upward stroke comes to end. This
results in an explosion of mixture which forces the piston to move downwards
thereby producing power.
PARTS OF PETROL ENGINE
Following are some of the important parts of petrol engine:

1) Cylinders
2) Cylinder block
3) Piston and Connecting rods
4) Cylinder head Crankcase
5) Valves
6) Crank shaft Flywheel
7) Exhaust system
8) Camshaft Fuel system
9) Lubrication system
10) Ignition system
WORKING OF PETROL ENGINE
Generally the vehicles using petrol/gasoline engine have four strokes as they are
more efficient than two stroke engine and give complete combustion of fuel to
optimum use.
The four-stroke cycle engine has four strokes namely intake, compression, power,
and exhaust strokes.

a) Suction or intake stroke:

Initially when engine is started piston moves downwards towards bottom of the
cylinder which creates low pressure at top. Due to this intake valve opens and the
fuel mixture containing petrol vapors and air are sucked in by the cylinder.
Carburetor now decides in what ratio gasoline/petrol and air should be mixed.

b) The compression stroke:

After this the inlet valve gets closed. The piston now moves towards the top of
cylinder and compresses the fuel mixture to one tenth of its initial volume. The
temperature and pressure inside the cylinder increases due to compression
 caused.

c) The power stroke:

During this stroke the inlet and exhaust valve remains closed. As the piston
reaches near top position spark plug produces an electric spark. Combustion is
started by an ignition system that fires a high voltage spark through a field
replaceable air gap called a sparkplug. The spark produced causes explosion of
fuel. The hot gases expand and force the piston to move downwards. The piston
is linked to the piston rod and the piston rod to the crank shaft. They all move each
other due to the link between them. The crank shaft is connected to the wheels of
a car. As the crank shaft moves, the wheels rotate and move the car.

d) The exhaust stroke:

In this stroke the exhaust valve remains open at the start. The piston is forced to
move upwards because of the momentum gained. This forces gases to move
through the exhaust valve into the atmosphere. Now the exhaust valve closes and
the intake valve opens. After this the four strokes of the engine are repeated again
and again

GUIDED BY:-
Amendeep Kaur
Simrat Bhatti
Gurpreet Kaur