Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Products from Important ProcessesP1/7

Part 7: Products from Important Processes

1. In Hong Kong, the supply of fresh water mainly comes from Dong Jiang. After some preliminary treatment

of the river water in the water treatment plants, chlorine and calcium hydroxide are successively added.

(a) Why are the following substances added to the river water?

(i) chlorine

(ii) calcium hydroxide

(b) Chlorine can react with organic matter present in the river water to give trichloromethane which is

harmful to human beings.

(i) Draw the structure of trichloromethane.

(ii) Why is trichloromethane harmful to human beings?

(iii) Suggest ONE preventive measure to reduce the amount of organic matter in the river water.

(5 marks)

[2000-CE-6b]

2. Both chlorine and sulphur dioxide are industrial bleaching agents. For each of these bleaching agents,
state ONE advantage. (2 marks)
[2001-CE-9d]

3. Acid rain is a serious environmental problem. Discuss the formation of acid rain in relation to human
activities, and suggest possible ways to reduce its formation. (9 marks)
[2004-CE-4]

4. In a swimming pool, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) is used to sterilize the pool water.
(a) Suggest a chemical test to show the presence of hypochlorite ions in a sample of the pool water.
State the expected observation in the test.
(b) A 100 cm3 sample of the pool water is found to contain 0.50 mg of sodium hypochlorite. Calculate the
concentration, in mol dm-3, of sodium hypochlorite in the sample.
(c) Suggest another chemical that can be used to sterilize the water in swimming pools. (5 marks)
[2005-CE-S-6]

5. The flow diagram below shows three key stages in the manufacture of sulphuric acid from iron pyrite
 Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Products from Important ProcessesP2/7
(FeS2).
Iron pyrite Stage 1 Sulphur Stage 2 Sulphur Stage 3 Sulphuric

dioxide trioxide acid

  

(a) The word equation below describes the reaction in Stage 1.

iron pyrite + oxygen –-> sulphur dioxide + iron(III) oxide
Transcribe the word equation into a chemical equation.
(b) Explain, in terms of oxidation number, whether the reaction in Stage 2 is a redox.
(c) Briefly describe how sulphur trioxide can be converted to sulphuric acid in Stage 3.
(d) Concentrated sulphuric acid is a hazardous chemical. Circle the label(s) below that should be
displayed on a bottle containing concentrated sulphuric acid.

O X ID IS IN G
HAR M FU L C O R R O S IV E
(e) Give ONE use of sulphuric acid in industry. (8 marks)

[2005-CE-S-8]

6. Bromine is an element in Group VII of the Periodic Table. It is a liquid under room temperature and
pressure. Its chemical properties are similar to those of chlorine.
Bromine is commonly extracted from sea water which contains a considerable amount of dissolved
bromide. The extraction involves the following four stages:
Stage 1: The sea water is made slightly acidic. Chlorine gas is then bubbled into the sea water to liberate
bromine.
Stage 2: Air is blown through the mixture obtained in Stage 1 to remove bromine vapour.
Stage 3: A mixture of sulphur dioxide and water, in the form of mist, is allowed to react with the bromine
vapour liberated in Stage 2 to produce a hydrobromic acid solution.
Stage 4: Chlorine gas is added to the hydrobromic acid solution obtained in Stage 3 to displace bromine
from the solution. The bromine obtained is condensed, separated off and purified.

(a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction of chlorine with bromide ions in Stage 1. Suggest ONE
reason why the reaction is not carried out under alkaline conditions.
(b) State ONE physical property of bromine which helps to remove bromine from the mixture in Stage 2.
(c) What other product(s) is/are formed in Stage 3? Write a chemical equation for the reaction that
occurs in this stage.
(d) Suggest a physical method that can be used to purify bromine in Stage 4.
(e) Suppose that the concentration of bromide ions in sea water is 8.0 x 10-4 mol dm-3. Calculate the
minimum volume of sea water needed to produce 1.0 g of liquid bromine. (9 marks)
[2005-CE-S-11]
 Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Products from Important ProcessesP3/7

1. The fumes emitted from a factory using diesel fuel contain several gaseous pollutants. One of these

pollutants, Z, has a choking smell and can decolorize bromine water.

(a) (i) What is Z?

(ii) What is the effect of Z on the environment?

(iii) Suggest ONE way to reduce the amount of Z in the fumes.

(b) (i) Suggest ONE other pollutant that is present in the fumes.

(ii) Explain how this pollutant is formed.

(iii) What is the effect of this pollutant on the environment?

(iv) Suggest ONE way to reduce the amount of this pollutant in the fumes. (8 marks)

[1995-CE-8a]