Design, Investigation & Culture: LESSON 05

welcome to
LESSON 5: MAJOR PERIODS OF WESTERN ART

DESIGN INVESTIGATION & CULTURE
Lecturer
Itamar Medeiros (Brazil)
BA in Industrial Design;
PgDip in Information Design;
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MSc In Design.

Expertise
Multimedia/Web Design,
Photography, Information Design
and Human-Computer Interaction.
LESSON 05:

ART LECTURE
learning outcome
Students will learn about the main

periods of western art, making co-
relations with CULTURAL ASPECTS
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of each corresponding historical

period.
LESSON 05:

CULTURE LECTURE
content
A retrospect of the major periods of

western art, particularly the avant-
garde.
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ART

noun
The expression or application of

human creative skill and
imagination, typically in a visual form
such as painting or sculpture,
producing works to be appreciated /50
primarily for their beauty or emotional

power : the art of the Renaissance.
Works produced by such skill and

imagination : his collection of
modern art | an exhibition of Tibetan
art | [as adj. ] an art critic.
ART

skill & imagination
Art, being a product of skill and

imagination of those who produce it,
reflects both the technology of its
time, as well as the vision of the
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world of those who produce it.

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DESIGN INVESTIGATION & CULTURE LESSON 5: MAJOR PERIODS OF WESTERN ART

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ART

skill & imagination
Artists have -- very often -- being the

first among their peers to give real
meaning to the technological
achievements of their time.
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But they’ve being also the ones who

capture the spirit of their age.
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WESTERN ART

major periods
Now, let’s look at some of the most

influential periods of western art:
Renaissance;
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Impressionism;

RENAISSANCE

science and enlightening
Cultural movement which brought about

a period of scientific revolution and
artistic transformation, at the dawn
of modern European history.
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A reconnection of the west with

classical antiquity, the absorption of
knowledge -- particularly
mathematics and experimentalism --
and the focus on the importance of
living well in the present
(humanism)
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RENAISSANCE

Italy; 1400 ~ 1600
An explosion of the dissemination of

knowledge brought on by printing
and the creation of new techniques
in art, poetry and architecture.
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RENAISSANCE

Italy; 1400 ~ 1600
Artist sought new solutions to formal

and visual problems, devoting time to
scientific experimentation:
Linear Perspective
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A type of perspective used by artists

in which the relative size, shape, and
position of objects are determined by
drawn or imagined lines converging
at a point on the horizon.
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RENAISSANCE

Italy; 1400 ~ 1600
Aerial Perspective
the technique of representing more
distant objects as fainter and more
blue.
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RENAISSANCE

art form & objectives
The work of art -- particularly painting --

was supposed to be a window of the
natural world.
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IMPRESSIONISM

France: XIX Century
Artists depicted many of their subjects

in life around them rather than in
history, which was then the accepted
source of subject matter.
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Instead of painting an ideal of beauty

that earlier artists had defined, the
impressionists tried to depict what
they saw at a given moment,
capturing a fresh, original vision that
was hard for some people to accept
as beautiful.
IMPRESSIONISM

France: XIX Century
Artists depicted many of their subjects

in life around them rather than in
history, which was then the accepted
source of subject matter.
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Instead of painting an ideal of beauty

that earlier artists had defined, the
impressionists tried to depict what
they saw at a given moment,
capturing a fresh, original vision that
was hard for some people to accept
as beautiful.
IMPRESSIONISM

France: XIX Century
To achieve the appearance of

spontaneity, impressionist painters
used broken brushstrokes of bright,
often unmixed colors.
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This practice produced loose or

densely textured surfaces rather
than the carefully blended colors and
smooth surfaces favoured by most
artists of the time
IMPRESSIONISM

scientific advances helped
the impressionists
The new availability of oil paint in
metal tubes made painting out of
doors much easier, and new paints
based on artificial pigments provided
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brighter colors, particularly blues,
yellows, and greens.

Impressionist Painters:
Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergeres
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Manet, Le déjeuner sur l'herbe
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Renoir - La Moulin de la Galette 1876
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Monet, The Rouen Cathedral
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Monet, Gare St. Lazare
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MODERN ART

not an imitation of life
The term modern art refer to art of the

20th century mainly in Europe and
the Americas.
Among the 20th century’s most

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important contributions to the

history of art are the invention of
abstraction, the introduction of a
wide range of new artistic
techniques and materials, and even
the redefinition of the boundaries
of art itself.
MODERN ART

abstraction
Art does NOT imitate the appearance

of things.
Art for art's sake; An attempt to make

painting and sculpture ends in
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themselves.

Samples . . . .

Marcel Duchamp – 1917! Salvadore Dali ! ! Piet Mondrian!
!
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MODERN ART

what drives it?
The focus on originality;
A fascination with
Modern Technology;
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A fascination with the Primitive;

A need to explore and express
popular culture.
MODERN ART

the avant-guarde
The term avant-garde, which is often

applied to modern art, comes from a
French military term meaning
advanced guard.
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It suggests that what is modern is what

is new, original, or cutting-edge.
MODERN ART

the avant-guarde
To be sure, many artists in the 20th

century tried to redefine what art
means, or attempted to expand the
definition of art to include concepts,
materials, or techniques that were
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never before associated with art.

Samples . . . .

Pablo Picasso Robert Smithson Paul klee
Roy Lichtenstein Andy Warhol /50

MODERN ART

the first years
Art historians have related the

fragmentation of form in 20th-
century art to the fragmentation of
society at the time.
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MODERN ART

the first years
The increasing technological aspirations

of the industrial revolution widened
the rift between the middle and the
working classes.
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Women demanded the vote and equal

rights.
MODERN ART

the first years
The view of the mind seen by the

founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund
Freud, stipulated that the human
psyche, far from being unified, was
mixed with emotional conflicts and
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contradictions.

MODERN ART

the first years
The discovery of X rays, physicist Albert

Einstein's theory of relativity, and
other technological innovations
suggested that our visual
experience no longer
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corresponded with science's view

of the world.
ART NOUVEAU

France; 1880 ~ 1910
It found expression in a wide range of

art forms — architecture, interior
design, furniture, posters, glass,
pottery, textiles, and book illustration.
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It was characterized by its devotion to

curving and undulating lines,
organic shapes.
ART NOUVEAU

France; 1880 ~ 1910
Art nouveau borrowed motifs from

Japanese prints and Gothic
architecture.
Art nouveau was in decline by 1910

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being succeeded by the sleekly

elegant art deco style.
Gustav Klimt (1862 – 1918)
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Erte
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Antoni Gaudi (1852 – 1926)
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ART DECO

1920 ~ 1930
The term art deco is a shortening of the

title of a major Paris design
exhibition held in 1925, Exposition
Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et
Industriels Modernes (International
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Exposition of Modern Industrial and

Decorative Arts), where the style first
became evident.
ART DECO

1920 ~ 1930
Art Deco is an elegant style of

decorative art, furniture design and
architecture which began as a
Modernist reaction against the Art
Nouveau style.
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ART DECO

1920 ~ 1930
A conscious effort to simplify the

elaborately curved shapes and
plantlike motifs of art nouveau.
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Art deco retained the tendency of Art

Nouveau toward abstraction and
repetition of forms but moved away
from the shapes and motifs of the
older style
Art Deco Architecture:
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Art Deco Architecture: The Chrysler Building
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designed by architect William Van Alen, is considered to be one of the
world's great Art Deco buildings.

Art Deco Architecture: Graphic Design, Arts & Crafts
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welcome to

LESSON 5: MAJOR PERIODS OF WESTERN ART