STATUS OF SHEEP & GOAT SECTOR IN MAHARASHTRA

Last Updated on Monday, 12 April 2010 15:28

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1. Introduction The livestock sector plays an important role in the states economy; about 70% of population thrives on agriculture. Animal Husbandry is an inseparable component of agriculture sector. Livestock rearing is central to rural livelihoods in a large part of the globe. In India according to Government reports, in the year 2008, the sector contributed about 5.3% of the total GDP and provided food, fiber, energy and medicine essential for human survival. Sheep and goat rearing is traditional occupation of economically weaker sections of society, particularly in rain shadow areas. These two species have been a major source of economic sustenance and financial cushioning, especially for economically weaker section of society. Nearly 40% of our population belongs to economically poor and therefore programmes involving development of these small ruminants will directly benefit this population. Comparatively smaller body size and their adaptability to a wide range of agroclimatic conditions have rendered them suitable for weaker sections. Sheep and goats are mainly reared under extensive range management system on community rangeland, crop residues and forestlands employing self or family labor. Management of small ruminants does not require special skills. The family labor is gainfully employed. Financial inputs are much less as compared to other livestock sector. The market demand for sheep and goat and their products is available through out the year and there is negligible variation in prices obtained. The National Commission of Nutrition stated that the balanced human diet should comprise 11 kg of meat / annum. However the current availability in Maharashtra state is only 2.26 kg / annum (from all Species). Due to increasing human population, the average meat availability is not likely to exceed. Therefore rapid increase in meat production is necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand. Nutritional Advisory Committee of Indian Institute of Medical Research recommended every Indian should get 280 gms. of milk per day per capita , but statistical report of GOI for the period 2006 availability 245 gms. per capita per day . Maharashtra ranks third in Meat production & eighth in wool production amongst all states of India (Source: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, 2006). 1.1. Sheep & Goat Population: As per livestock census of 2008, there are 32.57 lakhs of sheep & 109.81 lakh Goats are reared in the State. Table-1 Division wise Sheep & Goats

Sr.No.

Name of the Division

No. of Sheep

Wool Production during the year 2008-09 (MTs)

No. of Goats

Goat Milk Production during the year 2008-09. (000 MTs.) 10.186 77.692 63.887 46.795 19.258 39.163 20.269 277.250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mumbai (Konkon) Nasik Pune Aurangabad Latur Amravati Nagpur Total

3025 1362089 1252601 236635 135206 198534 69742 3257562

12.959 566.225 777.112 158.392 81.508 74.298 36.773 1707.287

352112 3173555 2369037 1185165 919395 1440810 1541107 10981181

As per livestock census of year 2003, on National level Maharashtra ranks 6th in Sheep population & 4th in Goat population. 1.2. Sheep and goat rearing Approximately 1 lakh families are depending upon sheep rearing business. Sheep rearing is done in dry climatic districts such as Pune, Satara, Solapur, Sangli, Kolhapur, Ahmadnagar, Nasik, Dhule, Jalgaon, Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed, Latur, Nanded., Osmanabad, Buldhana, Chandrapur, etc. On goat rearing approximately 48 lakhs families are engaged. Both the business is carried out by weaker sections of the society. 1.3. Meat Production Goats \ Sheep constitute a very important species of livestock in India, mainly on account of their short generation intervals, higher rates of prolificacy, and the ease with which the goats as also their products can be marketed. They are considered to be very important for their contribution to the development of rural zones and people. The local initiatives to promote quality labels and innovative products for cheeses,

meat and fibres could help goats in keeping a role for sustainable development in an eco-friendly environment all over the world. However, the future of the goat and sheep industry as a significant economic activity will also be very dependent on the standards of living in the countries where there is a market for the goat products. As per Statistical Report of Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Maharashtra State for the year 2008 2009, Sheep and goat meat production is about 34.52 % of total meat production in the state of which 11.34 % is form sheep and 23.18 % is from goats. Estimated average meat production per sheep and goat is 11 kg. Table-2 Estimated meat production from all species of animal in Maharashtra 2008-09

Species Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Pig Total

No. of Animal Slaughtered (000 Nos). 511.421 703.115 2466.183 5112.838 218.404

Average meat production / Animal (kgs) 126.223 138.738 11.772 11.611 25.274 Total

Total meat production (000 MT) 64.553 97.549 29.033 59.366 5.520 256.021

Percentage contribution 25.21 38.10 11.34 23.18 2.15 100.00

(Source: Integrated Survey Scheme Report on Milk, Egg, Wool & Meat Production in Maharashtra State for the year 2008-09)

Table-3 Number of Registered Slaughterhouses in the State

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

District Brihan Mumbai Thane Raigad Sindhudurg Nashik Dhule Nadurbar Jalgaon Ahmednagar Pune Satara Sangali Kolhapur Solapur Latur Osmanabad Beed Aurangabad Jalna Buldhana Parbhani Nanded Hingoli Akola Washim Amravati Yavatmal Wardha Nagpur Bhandara

No. of Registered Slaughterhouses 1 3 1 2 10 4 5 19 7 8 12 2 13 4 6 4 11 11 5 47 6 17 11 28 14 26 30 6 14 1

31 32

Gadchiroli Chandrapur Total

3 7 338

(Source: Integrated Survey Scheme Report on Milk, Egg, Wool & Meat Production in Maharashtra State for the year 2008-09) 1.4. EXPORT OF MEAT The world production of Sheep meat was 8.89 million tones and Goat meat was 5.14 million tones in 2007. India ranked seventh in sheep and second in goat meat production. Indias export of sheep/goat meat has been increased from Rs. 65.87 Crores in 2006-07 to Rs.134.10 Crores in 2007-08. Major Export Destinations (2007-08): Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Germany, Oman. Table-4 Three-Year Export Statement: Sheep & Goat Meat (Source: APEDA)

Year Quantity ( in MT) Value (in Lakhs)

2005-06 7272.97 8104.24

2006-07 5777.52 6587.23

2007-08 8908.72 13409.96

1.6 Goat Milk Production It is observed that goat milk production for the state was estimated during 2008-09 was 277.248 thousand M.T. during the year. The average milk yield per goat in-milk per day was about 219gms.Contribution of Goat Milk in total milk production is approximately 4 per cent Table - 6 Species wise Milk Production in the State

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4

Species C. B. Cows Cows other than C. B. Cows Buffaloes Goat

Estimated no. of Animals in milk (lakh) 1180 1943 2395 3475

Average daily milk yield/animal-in-milk 6.541 1.503 3.768 0.219 Total

Total Milk Production (000M. T.) 2817.166 1066.248 3294.495 277.248 7455.157

1.8 LIVESTOCK MARKETS Livestock markets are governed by the Agriculture Market Committees, important livestock markets in the State are as under,

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5

District Greater Mumbai Thane Sindhudurg Ratnagiri Nashik

Name of the market Govandi Kalyan Saralgaon Kudal Kankavali +Lanja Ghoti Malegaon Nashik Khedgaon

Market day Monday Thursday Tuesday Wednesday Tuesday Tuesday Saturday Friday Wednesday Saturday Tuesday Thursday Monday Tuesday Tuesday Monday Sunday Saturday Sunday

Dhule

Dhule Dondaicha Shirpur Shahada

7 8

Nandurbar Jalgaon

Nandurbar Varangaon Chopada Jalgaon Savada

Warkhedi Dharangaon Neri Vakod Chalisgaon 9 Ahmadnagar Valki Kashti Ghodegaon Rajur Kopergaon 10 Pune Baramati Pune(S & G) Velha Junnar Manchar Chakan Kikvi Saswad Yavat Shirur Talegaon (D) 11 Satara Satara Nagthane Pachvad Aanewadi Pusewadi Gondavale Aundh Mayani Shirval Mhaswad Lonand Phaltan 12 Sangali Tasgaon Sangali Miraj K.Mahankal Dhalgaon Jat Khanapur Vita Aatpadi Islampur 13 Solapur Akluj Barshi Pandharpur Solapur Sangola Natepute Kurduwadi Modnimb Aakkalkot Wadgaon Kolhapur Ichalkaranji Murgud 15 Aurangabad Paithan Aurangabad Pachod 16 Jalna Jalna Gevrai Mantha

Thursday Thursday Tuesday Saturday Saturday Monday Saturday Friday Monday Monday Monday Saturday Monday Sunday Sunday Saturday Saturday Monday Friday Saturday Monday Sunday Tuesday Tuesday Friday Sunday Sunday Tuesday Sunday Friday Wednesday Thursday Sunday Thursday Saturday Wednesday Tuesday Sunday Tuesday Tuesday Thursday Sunday Tuesday Monday Saturday Tuesday Tuesday Sunday Wednesday Tuesday Saturday Monday Sunday Sunday Friday Tuesday Tuesday Thursday Sunday Tuesday Thursday Friday

17

Parbhani

Balapur Maa Parbhani Jawala

Thursday Tuesday Sunday Sunday Thursday Thursday Thursday Sunday Tuesday Monday Friday Friday Tuesday Sunday Monday Thursday Thursday Saturday Monday Sunday Friday Tuesday Tuesday Friday Thursday Thursday Thuesday Sunday Tuesday Thursday Saturday Wednesday Thursday Wednesday Wednesday Saturday Thursday Sunday Tuesday Thursday Wednesday Sunday Wednesday Sunday Friday Tuesday Friday Wednesday Monday Tuesday Saturday Sunday Sunday

18 19 20

Beed Nanded Osmanabad

Neknur Loha Naygaon Bhoom Osmanabad Khasagi Yenegur Deoni

21

Latur

Renapur Murud Halli

22 23

Hingoli Buldhana

Hingoli Khamgaon Malkapur Janephal Chikhali

24

Akola

Akola Chauhatta Malegaon Damdi(Shed)

25

Amravati

Badnera Rajura(Ba) Paratwada Shendurajana Chandurbajar Talegaon Daryapur

26

Yatmal

Digras Ghatanji Aarni Umerkhed Ralegaon

27

Wardha

Deoli Aarvi Samudrapur

28

Nagpur

Katol Nagpur Mahipa Ramtek

29

Bhandara

Kondha Bhandara Amagaon Lalchandur

30

Chandrapur

Chimur Chandrapur Madheli Jambhulgat Gangalwadi

31

Gadchiroli

Gadchiroli Brahmpuri

1.9 MIGRATORY ASPECTS In Maharashtra sheep & goat rearing occupation is done mainly by Dhangar community. The average size of each sheep flock is 25 to 30 Nos. The Dhangar remain in their village form June to October of every year. During this period they depend on rain fed crops like Bajara, Jawar, Maize, Sunflower etc. on scanty rainfall. The grass cover available on grazing land and on roadsides, riverbeds suffices up to September end and most of the ewes are conceived during this period. After harvesting the kharif crops, the shaperds start migrating from Pune, Satara, Sangli districts towards Kokan area where sufficient grazing and water is available as also kharif crop residues. Sheep flocks from Solapur districts migrate towards Marathwada Region in search of fodder and water. Flocks from Aurangabad, Jalana migrate towards forest areas of Dhule and Jalgaon districts. This migration continues up to the May end, after which flocks return to their native villages.

2.0 WOOL PRODUCTION A. Shearing of Wool: The Sheep of the state grow a coarse type of wool on their bodies. The sheep are shorn twice during a year. The first shearing is done during June & July. The second shearing is done afte six months, of the first shearing. B. Wool production: Average wool production is 587 gms. The estimated wool production for the state during 2006-2007 was about 1667 M.T. C. Utilization: The wool is short staple & rough. Wool is generally used locally for production of Ghongadies (Kamblies) & Jen (Namdas), Barrack Blankets, which are required for military- paramilitary forces. Approximately 20% wool is used locally & 80% wool is purchased by the mill owners of northern states such as Haryana, Punjab for production of barrack blankets. 3.0 IMPORTANT WOOL MARKETS IN THE STATE

SR. NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

NAME OF THE MARKET. Lonand Phaltan Mhasvad Nazre Mahud Karmala Sangola Junoni Natepute Jawala Piliv Dhalgaon(Woolen yarn) Rashin Sangamner Parner Loni Shrirampur Nevasa Pathardi Shirur Daund Jalana Parali Dharur Manmad Sinner Nandgaon Vaijapur

DISTRICT.

Satara
Satara Satara Solapur Solapur Solapur Solapur Solapur Solapur Solapur Solapur Sangli Ahamadnagar Ahamadnagar Ahamadnagar Ahamadnagar Ahamadnagar Ahamadanagar Ahamadanagar Pune Pune Jalana Beed Beed Nasik Nasik Nasik Aurangabad

Amongst all these markets Lonand, Phaltan are important & well organized markets. These are under the control of Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee. And Wool Marketing through auction sale takes place at these places during wool shearing seasons. In the State at Lonand market maximum quantity of wool is auctioned annually. At other market places mentioned above wool marketing takes place during weekly bazaar days. The wool from Mahud, Sangola of Solapur district and Parali & Dharur area of Beed district fetches more price as quality of wool from these area is superior to that produced in other regions of the State. 3. SHEEP & GOAT COOPERATIVES: As per the information obtained from Ahmednagar Goat Coop. Federation, there are at present about 2250 Sheep & Goat breeders Coop. Societies in the State the details of which are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Western Maharashtra : 450 Marathwada : 380 Vidarbha : 170 Konkan : 25 Khandesh : 1200

Total : 2225 Most of societies are not functioning at all & are defunct or dormant. However there cooperative societies can be made to play a significant role in helping the producers through procurement of their products & supply the produce to users like slaughter houses, woollen mills etc. They can also be made to supply breedable stock to other breeders. In order to encourage the dormant societies to take up above programmes the societies will have to be provided finance in the form of share capital contribution to assist them to create infrastructure like society office, furniture & machinery, Weighing scale, Office stationary etc. The societies can obtain working capital from the banks for running their activities. 4. NGOS WORKING ON SHEEP & GOATS:

Nimbkar Agriculture Research Institute (NARI), Phaltan: BAIF Development Research Foundation, Uralikanchan, Pune: ANTHRA, Bavdhan, Pune: BOSCO Gramin Vikas Kendra, kadegaon, Nagar- Pune Marg, Ahmednagar: Rural Agriculture Institute, Narayangaon (RAIN):