Medication and Vaccination

for
Herd Health Control

Assoc.Prof.Dr.Kitcha Urairong
Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Thailand.
Key
for High Health Pigs.

High Health Pigs

Diseases-Free Good Housing Good Nutrition

or & &
Minimized Diseases Management Water

2
Key
for Minimized diseases pigs.

Minimized diseases
pigs

Feed medication
&
Sources of pigs Endemic diseases
Vaccines used

3
Need of feed medication and
vaccination…
 Farm types.
 High health status farm.
 Conventional farm.

 Diseasesencountered or endemic
diseases.

4
High health status farms …
 Diseases are minimized.
 Minimum use of feed medication and
vaccines (CSF/FMD/AD).
 Good housings and biosecurity are
necessary.

5
Conventional farms…

A lot of diseases (endemic

diseases) existing in the herd.
 Feed medications in some production
processes are needed.
 Vaccinations against many diseases
have to be performed.

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 Parturition Nursery
Nursery
Nursery

Continuous flow system

Gestation or
Partial AI-AO system

Finisher
Replacement Finisher

Conventional farm
(1-site production system)
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Keys success
for conventional farms…
 Maximizes the farrowing
performance.
 Maximizes the growth performance
by controlling of endemic diseases
via
 Vaccination program
 Metaphylaxis (strategic medication)

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Feed Medication & Vaccination
of
Replacement Gilts and Boars
 Diseases to be concerned…

 Mycoplasmal pneumonia (MP) and

other mycoplasmal infections.
 Swine erysipelas (SE),
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
(APP) and other bacterial
infections.
 Ileitis (IL) or PIA-complex.

15
 MP…

 Most sows are

carriers.
 Lower concerned
at this time
because of
routine MP-
vaccination for
PRDC control.
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 SE…

 Subclinical in
most herds.
 Some abortion and
MMA in some
situations
(stressed /
immunosuppressed).

17
 APP…

 High risk to
introduce this
disease into
APP-free herd.
 Strict
quarantine must
be performed
for the
replacements.
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 IL…
 Very common in
most herds esp.
in high health
status farms.
 About 20% of sows
in any herds will
be carriers.
 High impacts on
ADG and FCR of
finishing pigs. 19
 Medication and Vaccination...
Feed medication
2-4 wks
Be +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 - - Mating
selected

Wks after selection at 5 ½ mths

Basic vaccination

 Feed medication with proper antibiotics for 2-4 weeks.

 Basic vaccination against endemic diseases should be
performed.

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 Feed medication…

 Macrolides/Lincosamides1 100 ppm

 Broad spectrum antibiotics2 250-300 ppm

1= Josamycin*, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Tilmicosin*, Tylosin

2= Amoxicillin, Chlortetracycline:CTC (400), Ciprofloxacin
(200-250), Sulfa+Trimethoprim (200-250 + 50-75)

* No effect on Ileitis !

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 Vaccination of replacements (1)…

PRRS- PRRS Be SF AD-l FMD PEL1 PRRS- PEL2 - Mating

l1 -l2 selected l3
at
> 5 ½
months
4 5 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 wks
mths mths

PEL = combined vaccine of Parvovirus + SE + Leptospirosis!

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 Vaccination of replacements (2)…

PRRS- PRRS- Be SF AD-l FMD PEL1 PRRS- PEL2 - Mating

k1 k2 selected k3
at
> 5 ½
4 5 months +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 wks
mths mths

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Feed Medication & Vaccination
of
Gestating Sows
 Diseases to be concerned…

 Eperythrozoonosis (EZ)
 Pneumonia and septicemic infections
 Pasteurellosis (PS)
 Swine Erysipelas (SE)
 Leptospirosis (LS)
 Streptococcosis (STS)

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 EZ…

 Very common in hot

climate countries.
 Causes of
infertility,
mummified fetuses,
stillborns, and
abortions.

26
 STS…

 The most common

cause of abortions
and acute deaths
under stressed or
immunosuppressed
condition.

27
 LS…

 Severe outbreak is
uncommon.
 Clinical outbreak
causing severe loss
from late term
abortions,
stillborns, weak
piglets with
jaundice,
conjunctivitis and
diarrhea.
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 All period (EZ)
Feed medication…
Feed medication
Pulse medicated
(Septicemia)
- Mating - - - - - - Farrowing -

 All period medication for the control of

EZ.
 Pulse medication for the control of
pneumonic and septicemic infections.
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 EZ control…

 All gestation period medication

 3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid1
(3-Nitro®)
50-75 ppm

1 = 5-Nitro / Arsanilic acid (90-100)

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 Pneumonic and septicemic control…

 pulse medication during gestation

 Broad spectrum antibiotics1
250-300 ppm
5-7 days period,
once or twice a month

1 = Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Sulfa+Trimethoprim (250+75),

CTC (400)

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Feed Medication & Vaccination
of
Lactating Sows
 Diseases to be concerned…

 Periparturient hypogalactia syndrome

(PHS).
 Eperythrozoonosis (EZ).
 Pneumonic and septicemic infections.
 Ileitis (IL)

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 PHS …

 A lot of factors
associated.
 High impact on piglets
immunity.
 Proper management
should be performed to
maximize farrowing
performance.

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 Good farrowing performance…
 Mummified fetuses
< 1-2%
 Stillborns < 5-6 %
 Litter weigh gain
> 2.5 kg/day
(= 7.5 kg x 10 x 24 days)
 Preweaning loss
< 5-6 %

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 Injection of antibiotics…

OTC- LA

- -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 farrow -

Days before farrowing

 5-7 days pre-farrowing.

 Injection of long acting Oxytetracycline
(OTC-LA) for EZ control.

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 Injection of antibiotics…
OTC- LA BA

- -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 farrow -

Days before farrowing

 1 day or 2 consecutive days prior

farrowing.
 Injection of broad spectrum antibiotic1
(BA) for MMA control.

1= Amoxicillin, Pen-Streptomycin, Gentamicin,

Enrofloxacin, etc.
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 Feed medication…
Feed medication

-2 -1 farrow +1 +2 +3 Wean +5 +6

Weeks before/after farrowing

 Peripartum medication of lactation diet

(1 week before/after farrowing) to
control of PHS and other systemic or
pneumonic pathogens (Metaphylaxis!).

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 Feed medication…
Feed medication

-2 -1 farrow +1 +2 +3 Wean +5 +6

Weeks before/after farrowing

 Tylosin / Sulfa1 100 ppm

 To control MMA and the shedding of Mh/Li.
 Ciprofloxacin2 200 ppm
 To control MMA.

1= Sulfa/Trimethoprim (250/75 ppm)

2= Enrofloxacin (coated form) 39
 Sows vaccination…

- AD-l SF - - Farrowing - FMD PEL PRRS-l

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4

 To rapidly produce PRRS stable

herds.
 Sowsshould be vaccinate with PRRS-l
before mating to avoid transplacental
infection !).
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 Sows vaccination…

PRRS-k AD-l SF - - Farrowing - FMD PEL -

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4

 To increase colostral immunity against

PRRS.
 To decrease the severity of PRRSv
infection of nursery pigs.
 Sows should be vaccinate with PRRS-k before
farrowing.
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 PRRS stabilization of the sow
herd (rapidly)…
1st vaccination 2nd vaccination 3rd vaccination

1 month 3-4 month

Then repeated vaccination every 4 months !!!

Risk of congenital infections after the 1st and

2nd vaccinations!!!
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 Boars vaccination…

SF Once a year

PEL* Once or twice a year

AD-l Once or twice a year

FMD Twice a year

* PEL = Parvovirus/ Erysipelas/ Leptospirosis

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Feed Medication & Vaccination
of
Weaning Pigs and Finishing Pigs
 Diseases to be concerned…
 During nursery period (3-10 wks):
 Streptococcal meningoencephalitis (SM)
 Glaesser’s disease (GD)
 Colibacillosis (CS)
 PRDC associated with MP and LPS

45
 SM…

 Common in
nursery pigs.
 High risk if
 Early weaning.
 PRRSv infection.
 Multiple
injection of AB
pre-weaning.
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 GD…

 Common in
nursery pigs.
 High risk if
 Early weaning.
 PRRSv infection.
 Multiple
injection of AB
pre-weaning.
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 CS…

 Pigs before 7
weeks of age are
sensitive.
 Predisposing
factors are poor
management, poor
nutrition and
contaminated
feed/water. 48
 PRDC associated with MP…

 Very common in
most herds
worldwide.
 >70% of PRDC
cases in
nursery.

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 PRDC associated with LPS…

 Cause severe
loss of nursery
pigs, > 15-20%
 Shows serious
respiratory
signs.

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 Feed medication…
Creep Nursery 2

1 2 3 Wean 5 6 7 8 9 10

Weeks of age
Nursery 1

 Feed medication (metaphylaxis) in creep

and nursery diets should be performed to
control endemic diseases.
 Most critical period is first 2-3 weeks
just after weaning (creep and nursery 1).
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 Medicated creep…

 Focus on the control of colibacillosis and other septicemic

infections.
 Macrolides/Lincosamide1 120-150 ppm
 Broad Spectrum Antimicrobials 2 300 ppm
 AB against E. coli3 120-150 ppm
 Zinc Oxide 2,500-3000 ppm

1= Lincomycin, tiamulin, tylosin

2= Amoxicillin, CTC (400), Doxycycline (200), Fosfomycin (200), Sulfa/
Trimethoprim (250/75), Tilmicosin (200)
3= Colistin

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 Medicated nursery diet-1…

 Focus on the control of colibacillosis, SM, GD, PRDC and IL.

 Macrolides/Lincosamide1 100-120 ppm

 Broad Spectrum Antimicrobials2 250-300 ppm
 AB against E. coli3 100-120 ppm
 Zinc Oxide 2,000-2500 ppm

1= Lincomycin, tiamulin, tylosin

2= Amoxicillin, CTC (400), Doxycycline (200), Fosfomycin (200), Sulfa/
Trimethoprim (250/75), Tilmicosin (200)
3= Colistin

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 Medicated nursery diet-2…

 Focus on the control of PRDC and IL.

 Macrolides/Lincosamide1 100-120 ppm

 Broad Spectrum Antimicrobials2 250-300 ppm
 Zinc Oxide 2,000 ppm

1= Lincomycin, tiamulin, tylosin

2= Amoxicillin, CTC (400), Doxycycline (200), Fosfomycin (200), Sulfa/
Trimethoprim (250/75), Tilmicosin (200)

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 Diseases to be concerned…

 During finishing period (10-24

wks)
 Streptococcal meningoencephalitis
(SM)
 PRDC associated with MP, PS and
APP
 Ileitis (IL)

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 PRDC associated with PS…
 Quite common
in most
finishing
herds.
 Associated
with poor
management and
poor nutrition
esp.
mycotoxicosis.
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 IL…

 Quite common
in most
finishing
herds.
 High impacts
on growth
performance
and FCG.
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 Feed medication
in grow-finish diets…
CFM

Grower Young finisher Finisher

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Weeks of age

PFM PFM PFM

 Metaphylaxis should be performed by continuous feed

medication (CFM) or pulse feed medication (PFM) depended on
the severity of the diseases.
 Antibiotics withdrawal should be practiced during finishing
phase.

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 Feed medication
in grow-finish diets…
 Focuson the control of PRDC and
Ileitis.

 Macrolides/Lincosamide1 100-120 ppm

 Broad Spectrum Antimicrobials2 300 ppm

1= Lincomycin, tiamulin, tylosin, Tilmicosin (200)

2= Amoxicillin, CTC (400), Doxycycline (200), Sulfa/
Trimethoprim (250/75),

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 Vaccination
of pre/post-weaning pigs…
MP* SF* ADl*
MP1 MP2 SF1 ADl1 SF2 ADl2 FMD1 APP1 FMD2 APP2

1 2 3 Wean 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

PRRS-l (* 4-6 weeks before infection)

 MP is necessary in most herds to decrease the

loss of PRDC.
 APP is recommended in endemic herds esp. in
replacement pigs.
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