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Advanced Industrial Property Network (AIPN) In this service, a variety of the JPO (Japan Patent Office) and NCIPI (National Center for Industrial Property Information and Training) searchable databases are available with a publication number, an application number or a priority number. AIPN provides you with legal status, cited documents (only Japanese ones), English claims & specifications (with machine translation), file wrapper information and the patent family of your requested patent applications.
Contents
1. 1-1. 1-2. 1-3. 1-4. 1-5. 2. 2-1. 2-2. 2-3. 2-4. Operation procedure AIPN TOP PAGE LOGIN PAGE NUMBER SEARCH PAGE RESULT PAGE DISPLAYING GAZETTES Operation Guide RETRIEVAL OF PATENT FAMILY CHECKING LEGAL STATUS, CITED DOCUMENTS RETRIEVAL OF CLAIMS RETRIEVAL OF FILE WRAPPER INFORMATION
-Appendix1. WHAT IS PATENT FAMILY? 2. DATABASE CONTENTS 3. COUNTRY CODES (WIPO Standard ST.3)
1. Operation procedure
Operational guide is shown below. There are two results of display types. The operation procedure in case of retrieving Patent Family, Legal Status, Cited Documents or Claims is shown below. [AIPN Top Page]
Please Click the Number
Search button.
If you are a Loginattested user, a Login Page will be displayed. Click the "LOGIN" button after entering your User ID and Pass Word.
[Login Page]
Image of Gazette
The operation procedure at the time of investigating of File Wrapper Information is shown
[Login Page]
If you are a Loginattested user, a Login Page will be displayed. Click the "LOGIN" button after entering your User ID and Pass Word.
[Result Page]
Navigation buttons
Navigation buttons
Two kinds of screens will be displayed depending on the user. Login-attested user: The page requiring entry of a User ID and Pass Word will be displayed. (User IDs and Pass Words are allocated to login-attested users by the JPO.) After logging in, you can proceed to "Number Search" page. IP address-attested user: "Number Search" page will be directly displayed.
The news page is displayed in another window. Date of suspension of service, due to regular maintenance etc. is announced here.
Login-attested user: User IDs and Pass Words are allocated to login-attested users by the JPO. This is the user whose user attestation is difficult due to frequent changes in IP address. IP address-attested user: This is the user who has an IP address recognizable by the JPO and NCIPI. This user is allowed to automatically log in. As for IP address of the user it is necessary to be fixed.
Navigation buttons
Login form
Navigation buttons
Please enter the User ID and Pass Word allocated by the JPO. Capital/small letters are distinguished. "NUMBER SEARCH" page will be displayed by clicking the "LOGIN" button.
When a message "Either your user ID or your password is wrong" is displayed, please make sure to input the correct User ID or Pass Word and try again.
Navigation buttons
Search form
Navigation button
The coverage of the available data is displayed in another window. (JP, US, EP and WO)
Search form
Patent Family, Legal Status, Cited Documents or File Wrapper Information are retrievable from Japanese gazette by using a "publication number", an "application number" or a "priority number" as a search key. Please select the type of document number, input the document number in the query box and select the display type, then click "SEARCH" button.
Patent Family, Legal Status or Cited Documents are retrievable from gazette by using an application number or a priority number as a search key. Please input the number in the query box, and click "SEARCH" button.
Only one document is searchable by a query. Please select "Patent Family" when you search by PCT international publication number as corresponding file wrapper information is not directly accessible. Please select "File Wrapper Information" when you search by Examined Patent Publication (Kokoku) or Examined Utility Model Publication (Kokoku) as corresponding patent family is not accessible.
Gyy-nnnnnn or YYYY-nnnnnn
e.g. H08-123456 2001-123456 * Heisei = H, Showa = S WO yy YYYY nnnnnn : :year (last 2 digits) :year (4 digits) :serial number (maximal 6 digits) the leading zero can be omitted
WOyy-nnnnnn or WOYYYY-nnnnnn
B : Granted Patent Publication U : Registered Utility Model Publication Y : Granted Utility Model Publication
nnnnnnn
e.g. WO1998-012345 WO98-12345 nnnnnnn :serial number (maximal 7 digits) the leading zero can be omitted e.g. 3000001
2) Application Number
Type Input Format G yy YYYY nnnnnnn Note :an era code (1 digits) :Japanese era(2 digits) :year (4 digits) :serial number (maximal 6 digits) the leading zeros can be omitted
Gyy-nnnnnn or YYYY-nnnnnn
When you select Search from OTHER Application/Priority Number, you can use either an "application number" or "priority number" as a search key. 1) Application Number(JP, US, EP, WO)
Country Code (*) Input Format CC YYYY nnnnnnn CC-YYYY-nnnnnnn Note :country code (2 letters) :year (4 digits) :serial number (maximal 7 digits) the leading zeros can be omitted
JP US EP
WO
e.g. JP-1998-0123489 EP-1998-310262 WO : YYYY :year (4 digits) CC :country code (2 letters) nnnnnn :serial number (maximal 6 digits) WO-YYYY-CCnnnnnn the leading zero can be omitted e.g. WO-1998-US012345 WO-2000-JP123 * Please refer to Appendix 3."Country Codes" about Country Code.
CC-nnnnnnnnnnnn
CC-yynnnn
:country code (2 letters) :serial number (maximal 5 digits) the leading zeros can be omitted :year (last 2 digits)
Country Code (*) GB FR AP (in or before 1999) BE (in or before 1999) BR EE (in or before 1999) ES (in or before 1999) HU MX (A1) MY KR (in or before 1999) LT (in or before 1999) NL (A, B, C, T) RO (in or before 1999) SE SG (in or before 1999) SI (in or before 1999) TR (A1, A2, T1, T2, U) (in or before 1999) ZA DE (A1,A8,A9,B1,B2,B3 C1,C2,C5,D2, R2,R3,T0)
CC-yynnnnn
Note :country code (2 letters) :year (last 2 digits) :serial number (5 digits)
CC-yynnnnn
CC-1yynnnnn
CC :country code (2 letters) yy :year (last 2 digits) nnnnn :serial number (5 digits) e.g. DE-19500176 CC yy xx :country code (2 letters) :year (last 2 digits) :type of IP right 10 = DE patent application. 11 = PCT patent application in the national phase. 12 = SPC application 20 = Utility models 21 = Utility models resulting from PCT applications 22 = topographies 50 = Patents granted by EPO, filed in German 60 = Patents granted by EPO, filed in English or French :serial number (6 digits)
CC-xxyynnnnnn
DE (D1)
DE (T2)
nnnnn e.g. DE-1004001011 CC :country code (2 letters) yy :year (last 2 digits) nnnnn :serial number (5 digits) CC-5yynnnnn e.g. DE-50000002 CC :country code (2 letters) yy :year (last 2 digits) nnnnn :serial number (5 digits) CC-6yynnnnn e.g. DE-69600024 CC :country code (2 letters) AA :2 Capital letters yy :year(last 2 digits) CC-AAyynnnn nnnn :serial number (4 digits) e.g. IT-AN950005 * Please refer to Appendix 3."Country Codes" about Country Code.
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Input Format
IN
CC-AAnnnnyy
Note CC :country code (2 letters) AA :2 Capital letters yy :year (last 2 digits) nnnn :serial number (4 digits) e.g. IN-MA069392 CC nnnnnnn :country code (2 letters) :serial number (maximal 7 digits) the leading zeros can be omitted :year (last 2 digits)
AR BG IL NZ MX (A, U) PL PT (A, U, B, Y) DE (T1) RU (in or before 1999) AT (T) CN ES (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) GR (in or before 1999) HK (A1, A2, A3) PT (T) FI (in or after 2000) HR (in or after 2000) MD (in or after 2000) NO (in or after 2000)
CC-nnnnnnyy
yy e.g. BG-10415700
CC-yynnnnnn
CC yy nnnnnnn
e.g. BG-10415700 CC :country code (2 letters) YYYY :year (4 digits) nnnn :serial number (4 digits) e.g. FI-20000068 CC :country code (2 letters) nnnnn :serial number(maximal 5 digits) the leading zeros can be omitted YYYY :year (4 digits) e.g. CH-19622000
CC-YYYYnnnn
CH (in or after 2000) AT (A, B) (in or after 2000) AP BE CZ DK EE ES LT RO SG SI TR (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000) (in or after 2000)
CC-nnnnnYYYY
CC-YYYYnnnnn
CC YYYY nnnnn
e.g. AP-200001758
CC :country code (2 letters) AA :2 Capital letters YYYY :year (4 digits) CC-AAYYYYnnnn nnnn :serial number (4 digits) e.g. IT-GE20000074 CC :country code (2 letters) YYYY :year (4 digits) CC-YYYYnnnnnn nnnnnn :serial number (6 digits) e.g. RU-2000001004 * Please refer to Appendix 3."Country Codes" about Country Code.
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1 -4 .
RESULT PAGE
When a search has been successfully performed, this page will be displayed.
Navigation buttons
Help page is displayed in another window. When the input format of a number is unknown, please refer to this item.
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This button is displayed when the search key number and its patent family data correspond to Japanese publication. When you click any linked number, its legal status and cited documents relevant to the publication are shown in the frame below.
Hyper-link for displaying gazettes
This button is displayed on the screen when the search key number corresponds to Japanese publication. When you click this button, another window pops up to show File Wrapper Information.
Patent Family button
This button is displayed on the screen when the search key number corresponds to Japanese publication. When you click the button, another window pops up to show Patent Family, legal status and cited documents.
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Contents
The search key number is displayed. When the searched number is relating to a Japanese document contained in an official patent gazette, the number is hyperlinked to the relevant Patent Abstracts of Japan (PAJ). The button is displayed in case of the search key number and its family data relevant to the Japanese publication. When you click this botton, its legal status and cited documents relevant to the publication are shown in the frame below.
Contents WIPO ST.16 conformity Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication based on Int'l Application Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication (Kokai) JP yy-nnnnnn in or before 1999 Or JP YYYY-nnnnnn in or after 2000 yy : Japanese era(2 digits) YYYY : year (4 digits) nnnnnn : serial number Japanese Domestic Re-publication of Int'l Application JP WOyy-nnnnnn in or before 1999 Or JP WOYYYY-nnnnnn in or after 2000 yy : year (last 2 digits) YYYY : year (4 digits) nnnnnnn:: serial number Japanese Granted Patent Publication Japanese Registered Utility Model Publication Japanese Granted Utility Model Publication JP nnnnnnn nnnnnnn:: serial number Gazette of countries other than Japan CC nnnnnnnnnn CC : country code nnnnnnnnnn: serial number If the number is hyper-linked, the following information is available on another
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window depending on the kind of document: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai): PAJ Other Japanese gazette: CLAIMS(machine translation) Gazette of countries other than Japan: Image of the gazette Publication date DD.MM.YY CC YYYY-nnnnnnn CC : country code YYYY : year (4 digits) nnnnnnn : serial number Application date DD.MM.YY (shown only for Japanese publication) The legal status and cited documents relevant to the publication are shown in the frame below.
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This button is displayed in case of the search number relevant to the Japanese publication. When you click this button, another window pops up to show the File Wrapper Information. 2) Legal Status There are 14 items of legal status information and each item is filled with number or date if the data exists.
Display item Date of request for examination Date of sending the examiner's decision of rejection Contents DD.MM.YYYY DD.MM.YYYY If the legal status of the application is settled, one of the following items is shown. invalidation dismissal withdrawal abandonment application converted declining of amendment DD.MM.YYYY nnnnnnn : serial number When the number is clicked, the CLAIMS (machine translation) are displayed. DD.MM.YYYY yy-nnnnnn : in or before 1999 yy : Japanese era(2 digits) nnnnnn : serial number YYYY-nnnnnn : in or after 2000 YYYY : year (4 digits) nnnnnn : serial number DD.MM.YYYY DD.MM.YYYY
Date of requesting appeal against examiner's decision of rejection Date of extinction of right
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yy-nnnnnn : in or before 1999 yy :Japanese era(2 digits) nnnnnn : serial number Trial or opposition number YYYY-nnnnnn : in or after 2000 YYYY : year (4 digits) nnnnnn: serial number Date of demand for trial or opposition DD.MM.YYYY If the legal status of the application is settled, one of the following items is shown. Remand to Examination Approval for Demand for Trial or Opposition Disapproval for Demand for Trial or Opposition Partial Approval for Demand for Trial or Opposition Termination of Trial or Opposition by Withdrawal of Application Termination of Trial or Opposition by Abdication of Application Termination of Trial or Opposition by Conversion of Application Decision to Grant a Patent in Pretrial Reexamination Termination of Trial or Opposition by New Application after Decision to Decline Amendment Withdrawal of Demand for Trial or Opposition Invalidation of Demand for Trial or Opposition Dismissal by Trial or Opposition Decision Dismissal of Demand for Trial or Opposition Missing Number (Termination of Trial or Opposition by Wrong Delivery etc.) Refusal of Receipt Termination of Opposition Dismissal of Demand for Trial or Opposition (Former Invalidation) DD.MM.YYYY One of the publication numbers is displayed with the selected gazette. Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) Unexamined Patent Publication based on Int'l Application Unexamined Utility Model Publication (Kokai) yy-nnnnnn : in or before 1999 yy : year (last 2 digits) nnnnnn: serial number YYYY-nnnnnn : in or after 2000 YYYY -: year (4 digits) nnnnnn: serial number Domestic Re-publication of Int'l Application WOyy-nnnnnn : in or before 1999 yy : year (last 2 digits) nnnnnn : serial number WOYYYY-nnnnnn : in or after 2000 YYYY : year (4 digits) nnnnnn: serial number Granted Patent Publication Registered Utility Model Publication Granted Utility Model Publication A space is displayed. When the number is clicked, the CLAIMS (machine translation) are displayed. Renewal date DD.MM.YYYY
Publication number
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3) Cited Documents The Kind of the document and document number are displayed for each cited document.
Display item Kind Contents Kind of cited document If the number is hyperlinked, the following information is available on another window depending on the kind of document Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai): PAJ Other Japanese gazette: CLAIMS (machine translation) Gazette of countries other than Japan: Image of gazette If you clicke Patent Family button, another window will pop up to show Patent Family.
Document No.
Patent Family
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1 -5 .
Displaying Gazette
PAJ (Patent Abstracts of Japan)
Navigation buttons
Navigation buttons
Data Items
Publication number Date of publication of application IPC(Int.Cl) Date of filing Application number Priority number(s) Title of invention Applicant(s) Inventor(s) Abstract
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Navigation buttons
If you click "Japanese (PDF)" button, the PDF of Japanese official gazette will be displayed.
If you click "File Wrapper Information" button, the File Wrapper Information will be displayed.
Item selection link
The following parts (machine translation) are available for displaying by clicking the preferable item. *The following parts may be available depending on the document. *When the contents of the gazette are too much, the link of the following parts may not be available.
CLAIMS DETAILED DESCRIPTION TECHNICAL FIELD FIELD OF THE INVENTION PRIOR ART EFFECT OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL PROBLEM Drawing selection MEANS OPERATION EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS DRAWINGS CORRECTION or AMENDMENT
Selecting the number of the drawing from the pull down menu "Drawing selection" enables you to find the preferable drawing.
* If there are more than 200 drawings in the gazette, only representative drawing will be displayed. PDF(whole document) download button
If you click "Japanese (whole document in PDF)" button, the whole document in PDF format screen will be displayed.
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JPO and NCIPI are not responsible for any damages caused by the use of this translation.
1. This document has been translated by a computer. The translation may not precisely reflect the original application. 2. **** shows words which could not be translated. 3. In drawings, translation cannot be performed.
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Navigation buttons
Navigation buttons
If you click "PREVIOUS PAGE" button, the previous page will be displayed. When the current page is the first page of a document, "PREVIOUS PAGE" refers to the last page of the preceding document.
If you click "NEXT PAGE" buttton, the next page will be displayed. When the current page is the last page of a document, NEXT PAGE refers to the first page of the next document. If you click "ENGLISH" button, CLAIMS (machine translation) and DRAWINGS will be displayed. The "ENGLISH" button appears only when the document is published in CD-ROM format.
If you click "JUMP" button, the page specified in the query box will be displayed.
If you click "Japanese (whole document in PDF)" button, the whole document in PDF format screen will be displayed.
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Navigation buttons
Navigation buttons
If you click "PREVIOUS PAGE" button, the previous page will be displayed. When the current page is the first page of the document, "PREVIOUS PAGE" refers to the last page of the preceding document.
If you click "NEXT PAGE" button, the next page will be displayed. When the current page is the last page of the document, "NEXT PAGE" refers to the first page of the next document.
If you click "JUMP" button, the page specified in the query box will be displayed.
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Navigation buttons
If you click "ENGLISH" button, the File Wrapper Information (machine translation) will be displayed.
If you click "JAPANESE" button, the File Wrapper Information in Japanese will be displayed.
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Navigation buttons
If you click "ENGLISH" button, the File Wrapper Information (machine translation) will be displayed.
If you click "JAPANESE" button, the File Wrapper Information in Japanese will be displayed.
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2. Operation Guide
From a certain publication number or application number or priority number, the example of operation at the time of investigating Patent Family, Legal Status, Cited Documents, Claims, File Wrapper Information is shown below.
If you click "NUMBER SEARCH" button, the "NUMBER SEARCH" page will be displayed.
Select the type of the document number and input the document number you want to search. In this example, select "A: Unexamined Patent Publication(Kokai)" and input Select either File Wrapper Information or Patent Family you want to display. In this example, select "Patent Family".
List of the patent family applications. When all of the patent family applications cannot be listed up in a frame, a scroll bar will be displayed on the right hand side.
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When you want to search for the patent family of a certain application number(priority number) "JP 1998-010913"
AIPN TOP PAGE
If you click "NUMBER SEARCH" button, the "NUMBER SEARCH" page will be displayed.
Input the number of an application you want to search. In this example, input "JP-1998-010913"
Result Page
The list of the patent family of the searched number JP-1998-010913. When all of the patent family applications cannot be listed up in a frame, a scroll bar will be displayed on the right hand side.
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Result Page
Only in the case of Japanese document, legal status and cited documents will be displayed. They may be unavailable even for Japanese document if the data doesnt exist.
When you want to search for the legal status of the patent family "JP 11-149" and its cited documents:
Result Page
Please click above button. The legal status of the patent family "JP 11-149" and the cited documents are displayed in the frame below.
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1.Result Page
2.PAJ is displayed
PAJ (Patent Abstracts of Japan) of the searched application number "JP 2000-166172" is displayed in another
Please click above button to see English translation of the whole document.
3.CLAIMS is displayed
The claims of searched application number "JP 2000-166172" will be displayed in another window.
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When you want to search for the claims of the searched number "JP-2000-166172" from its legal status:
1.Result Page
Please click a number in the legal status. In this example, the number is "JP 2000-166172".
2. CLAIMS is displayed
The claims of the searched application number "JP 2000-166172" will be displayed in another window.
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When you want to search for the claims of patent family "JP 11-149":
1.Result Page
Please click a number in the patent family. In this example, the number is "JP 11-149".
2.CLAIMS is displayed
The claims of the patent family "JP 11-149" will be displayed in another window.
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When you want to search for the claims of cited documents "JP 06-94428" of searched number "JP 1994-217476"from
The legal status of cited documents "JP 06-94428" of the application number "JP 1994-217476" will be displayed in another window. Click the publication number "1994-094428".
3.CLAIMS is displayed
The claims of the publication number "JP 06-94428" will be displayed in another window.
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When you want to search for the claims of cited documents "JP 06-94428" of searched number "JP 1994-217476"
Please click a number in the cited documents. In this example, the number is "JP 06-94428".
2. PAJ is displayed
PAJ (Patent Abstracts of Japan) of the searched application number "JP 06-94428" will be displayed in another window.
3.CLAIMS is displayed
The claims of the publication number "JP 06-94428" will be displayed in another window.
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If you click "NUMBER SEAECH" button, the "NUMBER SEAECH" page will be displayed.
Select the type of the document number and input the document number you wish to retrieve. Here, select "Patent Application/ Priority Number" and input
Select either File Wrapper Information or Patent Family you wish to display. Here, select "File Wrapper Information".
The File Wrapper Information of the application number "1997-153303" will be displayed in another window.
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When you want to search for the File Wrapper Information of the searched number "1997-153303":
1.Result Page
The File Wrapper Information of the application number "1997-153303" will be displayed in another window.
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P-1
P-2
P-3
P-4
P-5
P-6
In the upper model, P-2 and P-3 have P-1 as a common priority number. P-4 and P-5 have P-2 as a common priority number. P-6 has P-3 as a priority number. The patent family that AIPN defines is explained based on the upper model. 1) When you use the application number P-1 or the priority number P-1 as a search key:
P-1
The document P-1 which has P-1 as its application number is found.
P-2
P-3
P-2 and P-3 which have P-1 as priority number are found.
P-4
P-5
P-6
P-1, P-2, and P-3 form a patent family. 1) When you use the application number P-2 or the priority number P-2 as a search key:
P-1
The document P-2 which has P-2 as its application number is found.
P-2
P-3
The document P-3 which shares P-1 as priority number with P-2 is found. P-4 and P-5 which have P-2 as a priority number are found.
P-4
P-5
P-6
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2.
Database Contents
Data of applications from each country since 1995 is stored in AIPN database. Examples of available data as of August 2006 are as follows:
Country Code JP (JPO) Kind A B B1 B2 T T1 U total A A1 A2 A9 B1 B2 C1 E E1 F1 H H1 P P1 P2 P3 S S1 Total A1 A2 A3 A4 A8 A9 B1 B2 B8 B9 Total A1 A2 A3 A8 A9 B1 B8 B9 Total Number of cases 2,845,931 9 2,062 306,807 156,433 33 1,887 3,313,162 574,612 627,659 95 258 391,160 175,049 126 1,284 1,363 5 281 153 2,243 1,105 2,862 498 2 56,902 1,835,657 468,053 261,532 153,075 47,044 482 278 192,771 595 277 349 1,124,456 537,035 147,115 115,963 12,512 14,348 5,092 256 60 832,381 note Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) Examined Patent Publication (Kokoku) Granted Patent Publication Granted Patent Publication Unexamined Patent Publication based on Intl Application Translation Document laid open to public inspection Unexamined Utility Model Publication (Kokai)/ Registered Utility Model Publication PATENT PATENT APPLICATION PUBLICATION PATENT APPLICATION PUBLICATION (Republication) PATENT APPLICATION PUBLICATION(Utility Patent Application) PATENT (No pre-grant publication) PATENT (pre-grant publication) REEXAMINATION CERTIFICATE REISSUE PATENT REISSUE PATENT Corrected Reissue STATUTORY INVENTION REGISTRATION STATUTORY INVENTION REGISTRATION PLANT PATENT PLANT PATENT APPLICATION PUBLICATION PLANT PATENT (No pre-grant publication) PLANT PATENT (pre-grant publication) Design Patent Design Patent APPLICATION PUBLISHED WITH SEARCH REPORT APPLICATION PUBLISHED WITHOUT SEARCH REPORT SEARCH REPORT SUPPLEMENTARY SEARCH REPORT Corrected title page of an A-document Complete reprint of an A-document PATENT SPECIFICATION NEW PATENT SPECIFICATION Corrected title page of a B-document Complete reprint of a B-document Published with the international search report Published without the international search report Published with revised version of the front page of the pamphlet Modified first page Complete corrected document Published of amended claims Second modification of the First page Correction of a Complete Corrected Document
US (USPTO)
EP (EPO)
WO (WIPO)
At present, in addition to the data shown above, the available data amounts to about 7 million items from over 50 nations, with 1.5 million items added each year.
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HU IS IN ID
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INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THEWORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION (WIPO) ......................... IB, WO IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF ........................ IR IRAQ .................................................................... IQ IRELAND ............................................................ IE ISRAEL ................................................................ IL ITALY .................................................................. IT JAMAICA ............................................................ JM JAPAN ................................................................. JP JORDAN .............................................................. JO KAZAKHSTAN ................................................... KZ KENYA ................................................................ KE KIRIBATI ............................................................ KI KOREA (see Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea; Republic of Korea) KUWAIT .............................................................. KW KYRGYZSTAN ................................................... KG LAO PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ... LA LATVIA ............................................................... LV LEBANON ........................................................... LB LESOTHO ............................................................ LS LIBERIA .............................................................. LR LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA ......................... LY LIECHTENSTEIN ............................................... LI LITHUANIA ........................................................ LT LUXEMBOURG .................................................. LU MACAU ............................................................... MO MACEDONIA (see The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) MADAGASCAR .................................................. MG MALAWI ............................................................. MW MALAYSIA ......................................................... MY MALDIVES ......................................................... MV MALI .................................................................... ML MALTA ................................................................ MT MAURITANIA .................................................... MR MAURITIUS ........................................................ MU MEXICO .............................................................. MX MOLDOVA (see Republic of Moldova) MONACO ............................................................ MC MONGOLIA ........................................................ MN MONTSERRAT ................................................... MS MOROCCO .......................................................... MA MOZAMBIQUE .................................................. MZ MYANMAR ......................................................... MM NAMIBIA ............................................................ NA NAURU ................................................................ NR NEPAL ................................................................. NP NETHERLANDS ................................................. NL NETHERLANDS ANTILLES ............................. AN NEW ZEALAND ................................................. NZ NICARAGUA ...................................................... NI NIGER .................................................................. NE NIGERIA ............................................................. NG NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS ................... MP NORWAY ............................................................ NO OFFICE FOR HARMONIZATION IN THE INTERNAL MARKET (TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS) .................. EM
OMAN ................................................................. OM PAKISTAN ......................................................... PK PALAU ................................................................ PW PANAMA ............................................................ PA PAPUA NEW GUINEA ...................................... PG PARAGUAY ....................................................... PY PATENT OFFICE OF THE COOPERATION COUNCIL FOR THE ARAB STATES OF THE GULF (GCC) ........................................ GC PERU ................................................................... PE PHILIPPINES ...................................................... PH POLAND ............................................................. PL PORTUGAL ........................................................ PT QATAR ............................................................... QA REPUBLIC OF KOREA ..................................... KR REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA ............................... MD ROMANIA .......................................................... RO RUSSIAN FEDERATION .................................. RU RWANDA ........................................................... RW SAINT HELENA ................................................ SH SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS ............................... KN SAINT LUCIA .................................................... LC SAINT VINCENT ANDTHE GRENADINES ... VC SAMOA ............................................................... WS SAN MARINO .................................................... SM SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE ............................. ST SAUDI ARABIA ................................................. SA SENEGAL ........................................................... SN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO YU SEYCHELLES .................................................... SC SIERRA LEONE ................................................. SL SINGAPORE ....................................................... SG SLOVAKIA ......................................................... SK SLOVENIA ......................................................... SI SOLOMON ISLANDS ........................................ SB SOMALIA ........................................................... SO SOUTH AFRICA ................................................ ZA SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS .................................... GS SPAIN ................................................................. ES SRI LANKA ........................................................ LK SUDAN ............................................................... SD SURINAME ........................................................ SR SWAZILAND ..................................................... SZ SWEDEN ............................................................ SE SWITZERLAND ................................................. CH SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC .............................. SY TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA .................... TW TAJIKISTAN ...................................................... TJ TANZANIA (see United Republic of Tanzania) THAILAND ........................................................ TH THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA ................................................. MK THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA ................. HK TIMORLESTE.. TL TOGO .................................................................. TG TONGA ............................................................... TO TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ............................... TT
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TUNISIA .............................................................. TURKEY .............................................................. TURKMENISTAN .............................................. TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS ...................... TUVALU ............................................................. UGANDA ............................................................ UKRAINE ............................................................ UNITED ARAB EMIRATES .............................. UNITED KINGDOM ........................................... UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA ............... UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ...................... URUGUAY .......................................................... UZBEKISTAN .....................................................
TN TR TM TC TV UG UA AE GB TZ US UY UZ
VANUATU ......................................................... VU VATICAN CITY STATE (See Holy See) VENEZUELA ..................................................... VE VIET NAM .......................................................... VN VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH ............................ VG WESTERN SAHARA ......................................... EH WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION (WIPO) (INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF) .............WO, IB YEMEN ............................................................... YE ZAMBIA ............................................................. ZM ZIMBABWE ....................................................... ZW
LIST OF STATES OR ORGANIZATIONS THAT EXISTED ON JANUARY 1, 1978, BUT THAT NO LONGER EXIST
Czechoslovakia ..................................................... CS Democratic Yemen ............................................... SY/YD German Democratic Republic .............................. DL/DD International Patent Institute ................................. IB Soviet Union ......................................................... SU
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