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Dentine Dysplasia Type 2- Has two different clinical appearances one for
primary teeth and a different set of clinical appearances for permanent teeth. In Primary teeth their appearance resembles the color of dentinogenisis imperfecta
(Yellowish/Brownish color due to damaged dentine), as well as the presence of obliterated roots (also present in dentinogenesis imperfecta). In Permanent Dentition the root length is Normal and the Pulp is present and coronal pulp is enlarged and extends radicularly resulting in a flame shaped appearance, pulp channels are narrow but not obliterated, but they may contain pulp stones.
Roots Length/Morphology Dentine Dysplasia Type 1 Dentine Dysplasia Type 2 Normal Length Shortened/Rootless
Pulp Chambers Obliterated Present, Coronal is Flame shaped and Radicular is narrow
Developmental Diseases in Soft TissueCommisural Lip Pit- This is a very common developmental change that you
will see a lot in the oral diagnosis clinic, a pit appears in the corner of the mouth, possibly present bilaterally (on both sides). It is simply an invagination or an inwards depression in the epithelium of the mouth that is a BLIND TRACT meaning that it does not open into any other tracts or ducts, it may contain drainage from minor salivary glands. This developmental change is usually autosomal dominant (genetic/Familial), however this pit has no signifance.
*Increase in thickness of epithelium = whitish color *Increase in Vascualrity with normal thickness = Pinkish color
White Sponge Nevus- Is a defect in keratin types K4 & K13 giving abnormal
structure or amount giving a whitish appearance of the buccal mucosa as well as abnormal keratinization of other mucosal surfaces (eyes, conjunctiva, nasal may also appear whitish). White Sponge Nevus is autosomal Dominant found above and below the occlusal plane and extends posteriorly towards the retro-molar area to the alveolar mucosa (basically the white sponge nevus IS NOT CAUSED by keratinization of tissue in response to teeth biting down on the mucosa) it is present from birth And does NOT DISSAPEAR UPON STRETCHING. Histologically you can find Hyperkeratosis (increase in keratin), acanthosis (increase in number of epithelial cells), and possibly edema of spinous layer.
Lingual Thyroid nodule- Forms when the thyroid gland does not go to its
proper position during formation and attaches near foramen cecum (on the dorsum of the tongue). It is possible that the patient may be missing the actual thyroid gland completely and that the lingual thyroid nodule is the only thyroid tissue in the patients body. If the lingual thyroid does not interfere with any oral processes (mastication, speech, swallowing etc.) then there is no need for it to be removed; however of it does interfere it must be surgically removed (if this is the only thyroid tissue in the patient, removal may lead to shock).
Oral Tonsil- are tonsils found sublingually on either side of the lingual frenum
or on the lateral sides of the tongue that contain lymphoid tissue, these tonsils act as normal tonsils and are part of the tonsil ring of waldeyer and may even enlarge during infection. These tonsils are common areas for Oral lympho-epithelial cysts
This condition can lead to Mental retardation and a seizure in 15-20% of the cases, Hemi facial hypertrophy is one of the few conditions that displays TRUE MACRODONTIA.
Cleft Lip and Pallate- we wont go into too much detail because we will
discuss this later, just know that the mildest form of Cleft palate is the bifid uvula, the most sever form is when the cleft palate perforates the whole bone and communicates with the nasal cavity. Cleft lip and palate are commonly associated with supernumerary teeth or hypodontia.
in edentulous areas after tooth extraction, present as FOCAL osteoporotic, still it SHOULD NOT be confused with tumors.