NAME: COLENE HOYTE LAP PARTNER:

I.D# 810003702 DEMONSTRATORS NAME: AVION

TITLE: AIM:

INHERITANCE OF CHARACTERS i.) To determine the genetic control of seed colour. ii.) To understand the scientific process involved in studying character inheritance iii.) To interpret and present genetic and biochemical explanations for results obtained.

THEORY:

Inheritance is the process of genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. There are three main types of inheritance. Monohybrid inheritance: This deals with the inheritance of one character at a time. By extension, a monohybrid cross refers to a cross which involves two varieties that differ in a particular character. Dihybrid and trihybrid inheritance: this deals with the inheritance of two and three characters respectively. Dihybrid and trihybrid crosses therefore refer to crosses in which the parental varieties differ in two or three characteristics respectively. Mendels principles and the law of product probability provide the basis for predicting the outcomes of these crosses. The gametes are formed based on Mendels principles. The implication of the first principle is that the alleles of a locus which reside together in the diploid parent separate and go to gametes (haploid) at equal frequency. Random fertilization between the gametes determines the possible outcomes of genotypes and their frequency as well as their phenotypes and their frequencies. Due to the fact that male and female gametogenesis is an independent process, one can apply the law of product probability to determine the outcome of the crosses. The law of product probability states that the probability of simultaneous occurrence of two independent events is given by the product of their individual probabilities.

DISCUSSION: In this experiment the inheritance of characters is being investigated by using methods of hypothesis and statistical tests. This method is quite accurate as data once analyzed precisely provides the accurate results one is looking for. Theoretically F2 generations have various ratios depending on the F1 generation. For example, in monohybrid inheritance, there are two true breeding strains that differ in a single trait. Usually the F1 generation produces uniformity in the offspring which resembles only the dominant parental phenotypes. However, when this F1 generation is selfed, the ratio produced is a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation. This F2 generation also produces a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio.

REFERENCES Collins English Dictionary Complete and Unabridged HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003