Electricity and Magnetism

Monday, September 19, 2011

BY:
I Gede Antara Eka Putra W 0913021069
Putu Devi Pradnya Sari 0913021071
I Putu Tedy Indrayana 0913021082
Karisma Aribuana 0913021083
Putu Asih Noviani 0913021084





PHYSICS DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE FACULTY
GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
2011

1. What does electric charge mean?
Solution:
Electric charge is the elementary charge of an object owned. Electric charge is the nature
of the material owned by either the form of protons (positive charges) and electrons
(negative charge). Total electric charge of an atom or this material may be positive, if the
atomic electron deficiency. While the atoms that excess electrons will negatively charge.
The amount of the charge depends on the excess or shortage of electrons is, therefore, the
charge materials/atoms is a multiple of the basic unit of electric charge. In a neutral
atom, the number of protons will be equal to the number of electrons that surround it.
Unit of electric charge is the coulomb, which is the elementary charge 6.24 x 10
18


2. How do you make an object for getting electric charge?
Solution:
An object can be loaded with electricity in two ways:
A. Rubbing
a. Plastic ruler rubbed with wool
Ruler becomes electrically charged negative species
b. Rubbing glass with silk fabric
Glass becomes electrically charged positive species
Electric charge on an object, though greatly influenced by electric charge its
constituent atoms. There are atoms that tend to release electrons, but there are also atoms
tend to bind an electron. If two objects are composed of atoms that have different
properties then rubbed each other, then the interaction it will be easier to create
electrically charged objects.
If the silk cloth rubbed on the glass, the electrons will move toward glass silk, so that
the glass becomes positively charged. Silk fabric while it becomes negatively charged
due to get an extra electron
If the wool was rubbed on the plastic, then the electrons will move towards wool
plastic, so the plastic becomes negatively charged. Meanwhile wool becomes positively
charged because it loses electrons

B. Induction.
Induction can be done by electrically charged objects closer to the neutral object. The
result neutral objects will be polarized. If a neutral object that has been polarized in
connecting with the ground (in the ground), then the electrons will flow toward the
ground. After the conductor leading to the ground and eliminate electrically charged
objects away, then the neutral object would become deficient in electrons (positively
charged). Induction in a certain amount of charge can cause electrical charge to jump the
gap (separation), in which case it may cause sparks trajectory. One of the big event is the
occurrence of lightning

3. How if are two electric objects in same electric charge approached each other?
Solution:
The charge is an atom, molecule, compound or ion which has a number of electrons
(-) which differ by the number of protons (+). In contrast to the proton at rest because
there is the center charge, electrons are always around the center of the charge. If the
amount of (-) is less than the amount of (+) then the charge is positive, and if the amount
of (-) more than the number (+) then the charge is negative.
Each charge, either (-) or (+), removing the magnetic field. Charge (-) has a line and
direction of the field out of the central charge, while the payload (+) have a line and
direction of the field pulled into the center of charge
When two similar charges [(-) and (-)] or [(+) and (+)] brought near, then if both (-),
the direction of the field are equally out of the central charge will be clashing out. If the
both are positive then the terrain will collide into each other. This is why they repel each
other.

4. How if are two electric objects in different electric charge approached each other?
Solution:
When two charges are different in nature [(-) and (+)] brought near, then the field lines of
charge (-) which leads out to be drawn into the center of the charge (+). This is why the
two charges are mutual attraction

5. Give example of electric charged object!
Solution:
a. Plastic ruler rubbed with wool
If the wool was rubbed on the plastic, then the electrons will move towards wool plastic,
so the plastic becomes negatively charged. Meanwhile wool becomes positively charged
because it loses electrons
b. Rubbing glass with silk fabric
If the silk cloth rubbed on the glass, the electrons will move toward glass silk, so that the
glass becomes positively charged. Silk fabric while it becomes negatively charged due to
get an extra electron

6. Why the electrical field strength within conductor ball surface equals to zero?
Solution:
Suppose that we have a conductor ball consist of charge particle distributed around the
Gaussian surface






For the Gaussians surface S
1
inner the conductor. From the figure, there is no charge
enclosed by Gaussians surface in an area S
1
. If o in the charge permit area, then q
enclosed is equal to o A. When we substitute o A for q
enc
and EA for u, Gauss law
become
0
EA A c o = and we find
0
enc
q
E
A
o
o
c
= =
Because q
enc
within then conductor equals to zero, then
0
0 E
o
o
c
= =
0 = c

The electric field within the conductor equals to zero.

7. Type of coulombs is nearly same with Newtons gravitation law. What is the difference
of both laws? Also compare mass of gravity with electric charge.
Solution:
Both Coulombs and Newtons law have difference in the substituent of interaction.
Coulombs law is about the interaction between two point charges, otherwise Newtons
S
1

R
r
S2
law is about the interaction between two point masses. The mass of gravity is the
constituent mass of matter, but electric charge is intrinsic characteristic of the
fundamental particle making up those objects, that is a characteristic that automatically
accompanies those particles where they exist.
8. Two points in electric charge; each has charge a 6 mC and 12mC, and in 3m distance
each other. Count the magnitude of electrostatic force encountered by those both charges
in the air.
Hint: C mC q
3
1
10 6 6

= =
C mC q
3
2
10 12 12

= =
m r 3
12
=
2 2 9
10 9 c Nm k =
Problem: F = .? (N) r
12

Solution:
2
2 1
r
q q
k F =
2 2 9
10 9 c Nm = .
2
3 3
) 3 (
10 12 . 10 6
m
C C



2
3 3
2 2 9
9
10 12 . 10 6
. 10 9
m
C C
c Nm


=
N
4
10 2 . 7 =
So, the magnitude of electrostatic force is N F
4
10 2 . 7 =

9. Two charges in similar quantity are separated as far as 5m. Both charge experience
repellence at 4x10
4
N. If desired the repellenece become 1x10
4
N, how much is the
distance of both charge?
Hint :
q q q = =
2 1






q
1
q
2

F
12
F
21



r
i
= 5 m

F
i
= 4 x 10
4
N
F
f
= 1 x 10
4
N
Problem : F
f
=.?
Solution :
Both charge q
1
and q
2
have the same magnitude and type of charge. Therefore, both of
them will exist a repellence force (F).
For the constant value of q
1
and q
2
, the magnitude of repellence force (F) just depend
inverse quadratically to the distance of both charges. Mathematically,
2
1
r
F =

2
2
2
2
1
1
i
f
i i
f i
f
f
F
r
r F
F r
F
r
~
=
=

Substitute the value of the known variables
2
2
i
f
f
i
r
r
F
F
= =

2
2
4
4
) 5 ( 10 1
10 4
m
r
N x
N x
f
= =

N x
Nm x x
r
f 4
2 4
2
10 1
10 4 25
=

100
2
=
f
r

m r 10 =

So the final distance of both charge is r
f
= 10 m.

10. Two particle have charge -10C and 5C. Both are separated at 2m distance. Determine
the position of point that has zero force resultant.
Hint: C C q
6
1
10 10 10

= =
C C q
6
2
10 5 5

= =
m r 2
12
=
Problem: The position of point
3
q that has zero result of force?
Solution:
Description





Concept:
2
12
2 1
12
r
q q
k F =
In the other, the resultant force experience by charge
3
q equal to zero, so the resultant
force between
13
F and
23
F equals to zero.
32 31
32 31
0
0
F F
F F
F
=
=
=


2
32
3 2
2
31
3 1
r
q q
k
r
q q
k =

2
32
1
2
31
1
r
q
r
q
=

-
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2
12

=
2
16 16 4 +
=
2
2 4 4
=
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
1
12
=
+ =
=
x
x
x


So, the position of charge
3
q to
2
q is x r =
32

m x r ) 2 2 2 (
32
+ = =






Impossible



r
12

x
F
32
F
31

11. A mass of object in 20 grams and charge q=+0,5C is hung on a piece of light rope
where the mass is neglected. Exactly at right side of an object in 15cm distance is put
charge q
1
=-1C that results in position of an object becomes as in above figure.

Hint:
1
20 0.2 10
q
m gram kg

= =

6
0.5 0.5 10 q C C

= + = +
m
wire
is neglected
C q 0 . 1 = '
C
6
10 0 . 1

=
m cm r
q q
15 . 0 15 = =
'

Problem: a. ? .... = u
b. T=.?
Solution:
Free-force diagram

Be considering the tension of wire in vertical direction. The resultant force in vertical
direction is balance.

Therefore:
u
u
cos
0 cos
0
mg
T
T mg
F
y
=
=
=

Otherwise, the resultant force in horizontal direction is balance too. Therefore:
2
.
sin
sin
0 sin
0
q q
q q
q q
x
r
q q
k T
F T
F T
F
'
'
'
'
=
=
=
=
u
u
u

= u
u
sin
cos
mg
2
.
q q
r
q q
k
'
'

= u tan mg
2
.
q q
r
q q
k
'
'
Use g = m/s
2
2
6 6
9 1
) 15 . 0 (
) 10 0 . 1 )( 10 5 . 0 (
. 10 9 tan ) 10 )( 10 2 . 0 (

= u
=
=
=
=
=

45
) 1 ( tan
1 tan
2 . 0 tan 2 . 0
) 5 . 4 (
) 10 (
. 10 9 tan 2 . 0
) 10 25 . 2 (
) 10 5 . 0 (
. 10 9 tan 2 . 0
1
10
9
2
12
9
u
u
u
u
u

It has been written that:
u cos
mg
T =

=
45 cos
mg

2 2
1
4
2
2
2
2
mg mg
mg
= =
=

Substitute T by