INTRODUCTION

TO EXERCISE
The students of M.Tech. Urban Planning 2nd Semester are required to undertake study of an urban area, as per course curriculum. For this purpose, each individual has assigned with a aspect to study .For the purpose of study, Ludhiana city has been selected.

TO CITY
Ludhiana, the first metropolitan centre of the state of Punjab, located on National Highway 100 km north west of Chandigarh, the capital of Punjab and Haryana, 310 Kms from New Delhi and 150 km from Amritsar, has emerge as the most vibrant and important business centre of Punjab. Positioned at 30 56' N and 75 52' E, Ludhiana is located about 10 km south of the Satluj, one of the five major rivers of pre-independent Punjab. Ludhiana, which became first

metropolitan city in Northwest region of India, has a long history spanning over 525 years. Ludhiana is the largest city in Punjab, both in terms of area and population. The city is spread over an area of 143 sq.km and accomodates approximately 13.98 lacs population (2001 Census). It is one of the prime industrial and educational center of northern India, and is the crossroads of many different cultures. Presently, the city is commonly known as the Manchester of India, the hub of the Indian Hosiery Industry and also as Industrial Capital of small scale Industry in the country. The city is famous for its hosiery goods, woolen garments and leather items. Machine tools, dyes, cycle parts, mopeds, sewing machines and motor parts are also included in the list of the items exported from Ludhiana. Besides being a commercial hub, the city of Ludhiana is also an important pilgrimage center with a number of Gurudwaras located within and around the place. There is an important historical monument is the Fort of Lodhi which is about 500 years old and was built by the Muslim ruler Sikander Lodhi along the banks of River Sutlej. On the academic front, Ludhiana has some

of the most prestigious institutions. There are two Medical Colleges, an Engineering College and the famous Punjab Agricultural University LOCATION The city is located in district Ludhiana, which is the most centrally located amongst the 19 districts of Punjab state. It falls within the Malwa region of the State of Punjab. Ludhiana district is bounded by river Sutlej on the northern

side, Ferozpur and Moga district on the western side and districts Sangrur, Fatehgarh sahib & Ropar touch on southern, south eastern & east side respectively. The district is almost rectangular in shape with 96 Kms (east-west) length along side the Sutlej River & 39 Kms breadth from North to South Geographically the district lies between north latitude 30o34' an CONNECTIVITY The city is very well connected in terms of roadways and railways. NH1Grand Trunk road passes through the city, which connects it to Indian capital city Delhi and to other important cities of Punjab like Jalandhar, Amritsar, Wagha Border etc. NH95 connects the city to Chandigarh in south-east direction and Ferozpur in south-west direction. Other important State highways and major roads also connect the city to various cities of Punjab. Ludhiana lies on the main broad guage line and is identified as a junction. The city is also well-connected by rail network to Delhi and other important cities of Punjab like Jalandhar, Ferozpur and Bathinda.

NEED OF THE EXERCISE

Due to the urbanization, our towns and cities are growing very fast but in organic way. Planned development is lacking in most of our towns and cities because of which these towns and cities are facing various kinds of problems. To avoid even to solve these problems, there is a tiny town or city. For this, Master Plan is a major requirement. Hence, study of that town/city is fundamental step and is provides is base for proportion of Master Plan.

SCOPE OF THE EXERCISE

It includes the coverage or extent of various aspects which will be studied in the exercise. It is explained as below: 1. Theoretical Framework It includes the concepts, definitions, components, merits and demerits of master plan other related plans such as perspective plan,development plan. Norms and standards etc. 2. Data Identification and Collection It includes the following aspects and their details: Regional Setting

Activities for which the surrounding is dependent upon city and activities for which the city is dependent upon surrounding. It involves: i) Interaction/Delineation of region ii) Demographic-economic structure of delinated region iii) Physiographic analysis: climatic conditions, physical

features, slope, soil profile. iv) Connectivity: road/rail linkages within region and

surroundings, major development along networks Historical Evolution and Tourism i) Growth of area in different historical phases ii) Factors responsible for growth of city iii) Major tourist spots Housing i) Housing schemes ii) Housing density iii) Ward wise Number of house hold and density

iv) Ward wise housing stock v) Types of development planned/unplanned vi) Detailed Distribution of housing types vii) Distribution of Slums and their nature ,areas, population and ward wise comparison, Comparison of slum population with infrastructure, Polcies/ programmes for slums and issues Demography And Socio Economic

It includes population distribution and growth, sex ratio, literacy rate, migration with trends,relation of population density and physical infrastructure,working population sector wise. Landuse i) Existing Landuse distribution ii) Ward wise landuse iii) Ward wise Landuse :Growth, Comparison with Population type and concentration. iv) Landuse conformity and compatibility Industry i) Various industries their types ii) Mega projects related to industries iii) Various industrial policies and their status in city iv) Comparative analysis of Ludhiana with other cities of state in terms : number of units, employment, investment, production v) Industrial Transporation and Housing . Trade and commerce

Commodities, import. Export in value terms and their trends, revenue generated in the city due to commercial establishments and trend wise workers. i) Distribution of commercial areas and computational analysis

ii) Speclised markets and service areas-- ward wise analysis, Work force involved. iii) Economy of the city-- new types of trade activities emerging. iv) informal sector: types, location, nature and characteristics, special markets. Traffic and Transportation

Road network, road geometry, hierarchy of roads, (functional and physical), traffic volume, accident prone areas (black spots), Public transport system and movement pattern within city, parking., terminals study etc. Physical infrastructure

Water supply network: source of water, hierarchy of pipes, area served/ unserved, demand and supply, Sewerage network : Hierarchy of pipe and their diameter, disposal point and collection zones, slope, area served/ unnerved, Solid waste management dumping points, their location and surrounding landuse, collection of waste, Drainage :channel and collection zones. Social infrastructure

Education Facilities: Hierarchy, location and population served/ unserved, . Medical Facilities: Hierarchy, Location, and population served/unserved. Religious, recreational, public services :Location and distribution, service area analysis, shortage and coverage analysis. Urban Design And Landuse Transport Integration

Urban shape, urban pattern, urban structure, urban form,major nodes in city,urban design hierarchy,road side dominant landuse,core area landuse analysis. Development project in periphery of Ludhiana city of development projects, area of project, types of

Location

projects,distribution of projects along major roads, impacts of projects on surroundings.

Projects Within Municipal Area

Location of projects, area of project, types of projects, distribution of projects along major roads, impacts of projects on surroundings. Environment

Quality of environment in terms of air quality, water quality, land quality, congestion, adequacy of infrastructure, Odor zone, interrelation ship of above all aspects and positive and negative impacts. Land value and landownership

Land value in different areas, along major roads, different institutes involved ownership of land i:e public, private etc. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU URBAN RENEWAL MISSION (JNNURM)

Present status of projects under JNNURM and their details in the city. Legal, Adm. Financial Set Up

Administrative/ Finance of different deparments invoved in physical development of city their status, legal backing to establishment of different departmrnt and their role and functions. OBJECTIVE OF THE EXERCISE To identify the extent and magnitude of problems and potentials of the city In the light of making master plan taking into considerations the existing condition and requirement for the future. To identify propensity factors i.e. induction factors.

Thus prepare a master plan in the next exercise.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1. COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS
Comprehensive planning is a term used in the united states by land use planners to describe a process that determines community goals aspirations in terms of community development.. comprehensive plan which dictates public policy in terms of transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, and housing.. Comprehensive plans typically encompass large geographical areas, a broad range of topics, and cover a long-term time horizon. Basically called as landuse plan. and

COMPREHENSIVE

PLANNING

PROCESS

CONSISTS

OF

FOLLOWING STAGES
Stage 1 : Identifying Issues The planner must first address the issue they are investigating. to be relevant, the planning process must identity and address not only contemporary issues of concern to residents, workers, property owners, and business people, but also the emerging issues that will be important in the future.[] generally, planners determine community issues by involving various community leaders, community organizations,and ordinary citizens. Stage 2 : Setting Of Goals Once issues have been identified then e established. Goals or vision. Fix and establish priorities. Stage 3 : Collecting Data And Projection Data is needed in the planning process in order to evaluate current city conditions as well as to predict future conditions. Data collected for a comprehensive plan include data about the environment, traffic conditions, economic conditions, social conditions (such as population and income), public services and utilities, and land use conditions (such as housing and zoning).

 once this data is collected it is analyzed and studied. Outcomes of the data collection process include population projections, economic condition forecasts, and future housing needs. Stage 4 : Plan Preparation The plan is prepared using the information/data gathered during the data collection and goal setting stages. Comprehensive plan begins by giving a brief background of the current and future conditions found in the data collection step. Stage 5 : Implementation Plans During this stage of the process different programs are thought of in order to implement the goals of the plan. These plans focus on issues such as cost and effectiveness. These different plans are known as development plans.

COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Arthur b. Gallion, urban pattern The comprehensive development plan is a guide to orderly city development to promote health, safety, welfare and convenience of the people of a community. It organizes and coordinates the complex relationships between urban land uses and many civic activities. It reflects the policies by which mentioned goals may be achieved. Partap m rao This is another terminology used for a comprehensive plan. a town development plan is an official public document adopted by a local government as a policy guide to decisions about the physical development of the community. It indicates a general way how the community has to be developed in next 20-30 years. Arnold whittick A comprehensive development plan comprises written stateaments, maps and diagrams prepared by an authority responsible. It is based upon a survey

and analysis and ideally should be revised periodically from trends observed in the monitoring of survey information. Derived definition A document , or series of documents, that serves as a guide for making land use changes, preparation of capital improvement programs, and the rate, timing and location of future growth. It is based upon establishing long-term goals and objective to guide the future growth of the city.

CONTENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

1. EXISTING CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES a. Physical characteristics and natural resources b. Demography c. Economic base and employment d. Housing and shelter (both formal & informal) e. Transportation f. Facilities g. Infrastructure h. Development management i. j. Major policy issues Resource mobilization

2. IMPLEMENTATION a. Priorities b. Phasing c. Identification of projects d. Development promotion rules 3. MONITORING AND REVIEW a. Review Of Development Efforts After 3 Years

2. PERSPECTIVE PLAN
A perspective plan is a long term(20-25 years) written document supported by necessary maps and diagrams providing the state government the goals, policies, stratergies regarding spatio-economic development of settlement under its goverence. this was the scheme given by town and country planning organisation.but till today in punjab there is no single plan is prepared named as perspective plan. Having time period of development plan called phasing. This plan presents to the state government and local people regarding the intensions of local bodyn for the development of their jurisdiction area for next 20-25 years. Scope of the plan covers social, economic and spatial development with policies and priorities relating to all those urban activities having spatial implication. Displays land required for the urban activities as in form of phases. Great care is always to minimize the conflicts between the environment and urban development. the basic purpose of a perspective plan is to provide policy framework for further detailing .it serves as guide for local authority in preparation of development plan. 20 years with 4

3. DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Development plan was prepared within framework of the approved perspective plan. It is medium term 5 year plan for spatio-economic

development of urban area. Objective of plan is to provide further necessary details and actions in form of stratergies and physical proposals for various policies given in perspective plan. It depends upon priorities and economic needs of the society. The scope of the plan proposals for development of urban centers including transportation and landuse, housing and other infrastructure.

 It should be implemented with the help of schemes and projects. The time period of 5 years also suits the provisions of 74 th caa 1992 as municipality having five year of its tenure.